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Salamon A, Nagy ZF, Pál M, Szabó M, Csősz Á, Szpisjak L, Gárdián G, Zádori D, Széll M, Klivényi P. Genetic Screening of a Hungarian Cohort with Focal Dystonia Identified Several Novel Putative Pathogenic Gene Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10745. [PMID: 37445923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a rare movement disorder which is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal and often repetitive movements, postures, or both. The two most common forms of adult-onset focal dystonia are cervical dystonia (CD) and benign essential blepharospasm (BSP). A total of 121 patients (CD, 74; BSP, 47) were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 64 years. For the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, 30 genes were selected on the basis of a thorough search of the scientific literature. Assessment of 30 CD- and BSP-associated genes from 121 patients revealed a total of 209 different heterozygous variants in 24 genes. Established clinical and genetic validity was determined for nine heterozygous variations (three likely pathogenic and six variants of uncertain significance). Detailed genetic examination is an important part of the work-up for focal dystonia forms. To our knowledge, our investigation is the first such study to be carried out in the Middle-European region.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Salamon
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Flóra Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 4, Somogyi Béla Str., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, 78/b, Üllői Str., H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Margit Pál
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 4, Somogyi Béla Str., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 4, Somogyi Béla Str., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Szabó
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Csősz
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szpisjak
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gárdián
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, 4, Somogyi Béla Str., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 4, Somogyi Béla Str., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, 6, Semmelweis Str., H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Domingo A, Yadav R, Ozelius LJ. Isolated dystonia: clinical and genetic updates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:405-416. [PMID: 33247415 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Four genes associated with isolated dystonia are currently well replicated and validated. DYT-THAP1 manifests as young-onset generalized dystonia with predominant craniocervical symptoms; and is associated with mostly deleterious missense variation in the THAP1 gene. De novo and inherited missense and protein truncating variation in GNAL as well as primarily missense variation in ANO3 cause isolated focal and/or segmental dystonia with preference for the upper half of the body and older ages at onset. The GAG deletion in TOR1A is associated with generalized dystonia with onset in childhood in the lower limbs. Rare variation in these genes causes monogenic sporadic and inherited forms of isolated dystonia; common variation may confer risk and imply that dystonia is a polygenic trait in a subset of cases. Although candidate gene screens have been successful in the past in detecting gene-disease associations, recent application of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing methods enable unbiased capture of all genetic variation that may explain the phenotype. However, careful variant-level evaluation is necessary in every case, even in genes that have previously been associated with disease. We review the genetic architecture and phenotype of DYT-THAP1, DYT-GNAL, DYT-ANO3, and DYT-TOR1A by collecting case reports from the literature and performing variant classification using pathogenicity criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Domingo
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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Milanowski Ł, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Geremek M, Friedman A, Figura M, Koziorowski D. The matter of significance - Has the p.(Glu121Lys) variant of TOR1A gene a pathogenic role in dystonia or Parkinson disease? J Clin Neurosci 2019; 72:501-503. [PMID: 31892495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), has now become a very powerful tool for decoding variants of genes involved in pathogenesis of number of human disorders. One of the challenges of this method is to decipher the real pathogenic variants from a number of identified, not related to the disorder in analyzed case. Another issue is recognition of new phenotypes previously unrecognized but related to new variants combinations' in known genes. The other aspect is the HGMD or ClinVar mutation databases usage in data interpretation. The aim of this paper is to discuss pathogenicity of p.(Glu121Lys) missense mutation in the TOR1A gene previously described as dystonia causing variant. The patient diagnosed with typical Parkinson disease and positive family history was included into analysis. Also the internal whole exome sequencing (WES) database containing 600 subjects who has performed WES due to different causes was searched. All subjects had WES performed on SureSelect Human All Exon v.6 enrichment, Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, (annotations according to internal Institute Mother and Child's pipeline). The TOR1A p.(Glu121Lys) heterozygous mutation was revealed in 1 patient diagnosed with PD and 2 healthy subjects who has no dystonia symptoms. To conclude the TOR1A p.Glu121Lys variant should not be recognized as clearly pathogenic now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Milanowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Maciej Geremek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Figura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Erratum: Missense mutations in DYT-TOR1A dystonia. Neurol Genet 2019; 5:e350. [PMID: 31517057 PMCID: PMC6705625 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. e343 in vol. 5, PMID: 31321303.].
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