1
|
Miedema SSM, Mol MO, Koopmans FTW, Hondius DC, van Nierop P, Menden K, de Veij Mestdagh CF, van Rooij J, Ganz AB, Paliukhovich I, Melhem S, Li KW, Holstege H, Rizzu P, van Kesteren RE, van Swieten JC, Heutink P, Smit AB. Distinct cell type-specific protein signatures in GRN and MAPT genetic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35799292 PMCID: PMC9261008 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by progressive atrophy of frontal and/or temporal cortices at an early age of onset. The disorder shows considerable clinical, pathological, and genetic heterogeneity. Here we investigated the proteomic signatures of frontal and temporal cortex from brains with frontotemporal dementia due to GRN and MAPT mutations to identify the key cell types and molecular pathways in their pathophysiology. We compared patients with mutations in the GRN gene (n = 9) or with mutations in the MAPT gene (n = 13) with non-demented controls (n = 11). Using quantitative proteomic analysis on laser-dissected tissues we identified brain region-specific protein signatures for both genetic subtypes. Using published single cell RNA expression data resources we deduced the involvement of major brain cell types in driving these different protein signatures. Subsequent gene ontology analysis identified distinct genetic subtype- and cell type-specific biological processes. For the GRN subtype, we observed a distinct role for immune processes related to endothelial cells and for mitochondrial dysregulation in neurons. For the MAPT subtype, we observed distinct involvement of dysregulated RNA processing, oligodendrocyte dysfunction, and axonal impairments. Comparison with an in-house protein signature of Alzheimer’s disease brains indicated that the observed alterations in RNA processing and oligodendrocyte function are distinct for the frontotemporal dementia MAPT subtype. Taken together, our results indicate the involvement of different brain cell types and biological mechanisms in genetic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that comparison of proteomic profiles of different disease entities can separate general neurodegenerative processes from disease-specific pathways, which may aid the development of disease subtype-specific treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne S M Miedema
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel O Mol
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank T W Koopmans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David C Hondius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Menden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina F de Veij Mestdagh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Ganz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shamiram Melhem
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, W&N Building, C314. De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Varma-Doyle AV, Lukiw WJ, Zhao Y, Lovera J, Devier D. A hypothesis-generating scoping review of miRs identified in both multiple sclerosis and dementia, their protein targets, and miR signaling pathways. J Neurol Sci 2020; 420:117202. [PMID: 33183778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a frequent complication affecting people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The causes of CI in MS are not fully understood. Besides MRI measures, few other biomarkers exist to help us predict the development of CI and understand its biology. MicroRNAs (miRs) are relatively stable, non-coding RNA molecules about 22 nucleotides in length that can serve as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in several autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, including the dementias. In this review, we identify dysregulated miRs in MS that overlap with dysregulated miRs in cognitive disorders and dementia and explore how these overlapping miRs play a role in CI in MS. MiR-15, miR-21, miR-128, miR-132, miR-138, miR-142, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181, miR-572, and let-7 are known to contribute to various forms of dementia and show abnormal expression in MS. These overlapping miRs are involved in pathways related to apoptosis, neuroinflammation, glutamate toxicity, astrocyte activation, microglial burst activity, synaptic dysfunction, and remyelination. The mechanisms of action suggest that these miRs may be related to CI in MS. From our review, we also delineated miRs that could be neuroprotective in MS, namely miR-23a, miR-219, miR-214, and miR-22. Further studies can help clarify if these miRs are responsible for CI in MS, leading to potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vian Varma-Doyle
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Neuroscience Center, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Department of Ophthalmology, United States of America
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Neuroscience Center, United States of America
| | - Jesus Lovera
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America.
| | - Deidre Devier
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, New Orleans, United States of America; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou TY, Zhou Y, Zhu LS, Wang X, Pang P, Wang DQ, Liuyang ZY, Man H, Lu Y, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Correcting abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescues tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:441-457. [PMID: 31951013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We previously reported that aberrant microRNA-124 (miR-124)/non-receptor-type protein phosphatase 1 (PTPN1) signaling plays an important role in the synaptic disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we further investigated the potential role of miR-124/PTPN1 in the tau pathology of AD. We first treated the mice with intra-hippocampal stereotactic injections. Then, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of microRNAs. Western blotting was used to measure the level of PTPN1, the level of tau protein, the phosphorylation of tau at AD-related sites, and alterations in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect changes in tau phosphorylation levels at AD-related sites and somadendritic aggregation. Soluble and insoluble tau protein was separated by 70% formic acid (FA) extraction to examine tau solubility. Finally, behavioral experiments (including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and elevated plus maze) were performed to examine learning and memory ability and emotion-related behavior. We found that artificially replicating the abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling induced AD-like tau pathology in the hippocampus of wild-type mice, including hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites, insolubility and somadendritic aggregation, as well as learning/memory deficits. We also found that disruption of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling was caused by the loss of RE1-silencing transcription factor protein, which can be initiated by Aβ insults or oxidative stress, as observed in the brains of P301S mice. Correcting the deregulation of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescued the tau pathology and learning/memory impairments in the P301S mice. We also found that miR-124/PTPN1 abnormalities induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating an imbalance in tau kinase/phosphatase. Thus, targeting the miR-124/PTPN1 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu X, Song C, Fang M, Li C. Simvastatin inhibits the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1795-1802. [PMID: 29434767 PMCID: PMC5776644 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with cognitive impairments that affect memory and executive functions. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering statin drug that is used to control levels of cholesterol in the blood, particularly in cases of hypercholesterolemia, and may be used in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Previous results have indicated that the apoptosis of hippocampal cells may serve a critical role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, it was determined whether Simvastatin inhibited the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effects of Simvastatin were evaluated in 24-month-old triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3×Tg-AD) mice, and the efficacy of Simvastatin in attenuating memory and cognitive impairment was investigated. Levels of apoptosis-related gene expression in the hippocampus and hippocampal cells of experimental mice were also detected. In addition, neuron excitability was assessed in the functionally relevant brain regions in the hippocampus. The data indicated that Simvastatin significantly suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in 3×Tg-AD model mice compared with controls (P<0.01). Furthermore, treatment with Simvastatin improved the dementia status of 3×Tg-AD mice, as determined by a learning task in which mice exhibited significantly reduced attention impairment, impulsivity and compulsivity (P<0.01). In addition, results demonstrated that Simvastatin significantly inhibited hippocampal damage and significantly improved neuronal loss in hippocampal structures classically associated with attentional performance when compared with untreated mice (P<0.01). Thus, Simvastatin prevented cognitive impairment by decreasing hippocampal cell apoptosis and improving learning-memory ability. Simvastatin treatment also increased the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and decreased the expression pro-apoptotic genes (P<0.01), which may have been associated with improved motor attention and cognitive competence in 3×Tg-AD mice. Collectively, these preclinical data indicated that Simvastatin was efficient in attenuating memory lapse and hippocampal cell apoptosis in a 3×Tg-AD mouse model. Thus, Simvastatin may be useful in improving the clinical outcome of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Remnin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, The Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, The Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Remnin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Batarseh YS, Duong QV, Mousa YM, Al Rihani SB, Elfakhri K, Kaddoumi A. Amyloid-β and Astrocytes Interplay in Amyloid-β Related Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:338. [PMID: 26959008 PMCID: PMC4813200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology is known to promote chronic inflammatory responses in the brain. It was thought previously that Aβ is only associated with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. However, studies have shown its involvement in many other neurological disorders. The role of astrocytes in handling the excess levels of Aβ has been highlighted in the literature. Astrocytes have a distinctive function in both neuronal support and protection, thus its involvement in Aβ pathological process may tip the balance toward chronic inflammation and neuronal death. In this review we describe the involvement of astrocytes in Aβ related disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and frontotemporal dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazan S Batarseh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Quoc-Viet Duong
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Youssef M Mousa
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Sweilem B Al Rihani
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Khaled Elfakhri
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 70504, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J. Mapping neuroinflammation in frontotemporal dementia with molecular PET imaging. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:108. [PMID: 26022249 PMCID: PMC4451729 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have led to a renewed interest and support for an active role of inflammation in neurodegenerative dementias and related neurologic disorders. Detection of neuroinflammation in vivo throughout the course of neurodegenerative diseases is of great clinical interest. Studies have shown that microglia activation (an indicator of neuroinflammation) may present at early stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of FTD is largely unknown. The first-generation translocator protein (TSPO) ligand ([11C]-PK11195) has been used to detect microglia activation in FTD, and the second-generation TSPO ligands have imaged neuroinflammation in vivo with improved pharmacokinetic properties. This paper reviews related literature and technical issues on mapping neuroinflammation in FTD with positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. Early detection of neuroinflammation in FTD may identify new tools for diagnosis, novel treatment targets, and means to monitor therapeutic efficacy. More studies are needed to image and track neuroinflammation in FTD. It is anticipated that the advances of TSPO PET imaging will overcome technical difficulties, and molecular imaging of neuroinflammation will aid in the characterization of neuroinflammation in FTD. Such knowledge has the potential to shed light on the poorly understood pathogenesis of FTD and related dementias, and provide imaging markers to guide the development and assessment of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Postulated role of vasoactive neuropeptide-related immunopathology of the blood brain barrier and Virchow-Robin spaces in the aetiology of neurological-related conditions. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2008:792428. [PMID: 19229345 PMCID: PMC2643053 DOI: 10.1155/2008/792428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive neuropeptides (VNs) such as pituitary
adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide
(VIP) have critical roles as neurotransmitters, vasodilators including perfusion
and hypoxia regulators, as well as immune and nociception modulators.
They have key roles in blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS)
including maintaining functional integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB)
and blood spinal barrier (BSB). VNs are potent activators of adenylate cyclase and thus
also have a key role in cyclic AMP production affecting regulatory T cell and
other immune functions. Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are perivascular compartments
surrounding small vessels within the CNS and contain VNs.
Autoimmunity of VNs or VN receptors may affect BBB and VRS function and,
therefore, may contribute to the aetiology of neurological-related conditions
including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
VN autoimmunity will likely affect CNS and immunological homeostasis.
Various pharmacological and immunological treatments including phosphodiesterase inhibitors
and plasmapheresis may be indicated.
Collapse
|
8
|
Matsuo K, Mizuno T, Yamada K, Akazawa K, Kasai T, Kondo M, Mori S, Nishimura T, Nakagawa M. Cerebral white matter damage in frontotemporal dementia assessed by diffusion tensor tractography. Neuroradiology 2008; 50:605-11. [PMID: 18379765 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-008-0379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study white matter integrity in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). METHODS The subjects comprised 20 patients (9 men, 11 women) with FTD and 17 age-matched healthy controls (9 men, 8 women). Based on the data obtained from DTI, we performed tractography of the major cerebral pathways, including the pyramidal tracts, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), bilateral arcuate fasciculi (AF), inferior longitudinal fasciculi (ILF) and uncinate fasciculi (UF). We measured the values of fractional anisotropy (FA) in each fiber and statistically compared the findings in patients with those in controls. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in FA values in the selected association fibers as well as anterior fibers of the CC in the patients with FTD. The greatest decrease in mean FA of the UF was seen in advanced FTD. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in FA in the bilateral pyramidal tracts. CONCLUSION The features of FTD from the view point of cerebral white matter damage were revealed by tractography based on DTI. DTI is therefore considered to be a useful method, and may provide clues to elucidating the pathogenesis of FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushun Matsuo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Emanuele E, Peros E, Tomaino C, Feudatari E, Bernardi L, Binetti G, Maletta R, Micieli G, Bruni AC, Geroldi D. Association between small apolipoprotein(a) isoforms and frontotemporal dementia in humans. Neurosci Lett 2003; 353:201-4. [PMID: 14665416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] is a genetically polymorphic glycoprotein that has several similarities to apolipoprotein E. However, its role as a risk factor for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains to be elucidated. We therefore investigated the effect of an apo(a) polymorphism on the incidence of FTD in a sample of Caucasian Italian patients. From the entire group of FTD patients (n=54), 55.6% of the subjects had at least one apo(a) low molecular weight (MW) isoform, compared to 29.9% of non-demented controls (n=77). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (odds ratio 2.93, 95% confidence interval 1.42-6.06, P=0.003). The FTD group was further divided into sporadic (n=26) and familial (n=28) cases. Even after such dichotomization, both sporadic and familial FTD patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of low MW apo(a) isoforms than the cognitively healthy controls (P=0.011 and P=0.025, respectively). Our data suggest a role of apo(a) phenotypes of low MW in mediating susceptibility to FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Emanuele
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 2, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allain H, Bentué-Ferrer D, Tribut O, Mérienne M, Belliard S. Drug therapy of frontotemporal dementia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:221-5. [PMID: 12672175 DOI: 10.1002/hup.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontal lobe dementia, or more generally frontotemporal dementia (FTD), includes several clinical entities and, although highly prevalent, lacks any codified therapeutic strategy. The present review is an attempt to depict the main neurochemical correlates of FTD and, as a consequence, to propose the most sound targets for symptomatic drugs. Large scale double-blind controlled clinical trials should be carried out to test any hypothesis: serotonergic agents, glutamate neurotransmission enhancers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The recent discovery of tau gene mutations in FTD with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 has reinforced the direct role attributed to abnormal tau proteins (hyperphosphorylation) and thus raised the possibility to target specifically these processes by drugs (aetiopathogenic compounds).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Allain
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes I, 2, avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, CS 34317, F-35043 Rennes cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|