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Gomes LMRDS, Czeczko NG, Araújo RLTM, Cartagenes MDSDS, Barbosa Neto JO, Garcia JBS. Effect of intra-articular dexmedetomidine on experimental osteoarthritis in rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245194. [PMID: 33434210 PMCID: PMC7802966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis is still inadequate due to the low efficacy of the drugs used. Dexmedetomidine via the intra-articular (i.a.) route might be an option for the treatment of osteoarthritis-associated pain. The present study assessed the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine administered via the i.a. route in different doses in an experimental model of rat knee osteoarthritis induced with monosodium iodoacetate. Rats were allocated to four groups with 24 animals in each group. The OA (osteoarthritis), DEX-1 (dexmedetomidine in dose of 1μg/kg) and DEX-3 (dexmedetomidine in dose of 3μg/kg) groups were subjected to induction of osteoarthritis through injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) via the i.a. route on the right knee; the control group was not subjected to osteoarthritis induction. Clinical assessment was performed on day 0 (before osteoarthritis induction) and then on days 5, 10, 14, 21 and 28 after induction. Treatment was performed on day 7 via the i.a. route, consisting of dexmedetomidine in doses of 1 and 3 μg/kg, while group OA received 0.9% normal saline. The animals were euthanized on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Samples of the synovial membrane were collected for histopathological analysis, and the popliteal lymph nodes were collected for measurement of cytokines (interleukin [IL] IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]). Dexmedetomidine (1 and 3 μg/kg) significantly reduced the animals’ weight distribution deficit during the chronic-degenerative stage of osteoarthritis and improved the pain threshold throughout the entire experiment. Histological analysis showed that dexmedetomidine did not cause any additional damage to the synovial membrane. The TNF-α levels decreased significantly in the DEX-3 group on day 28 compared with the OA group. Dexmedetomidine reduced pain, as evidenced by clinical parameters of osteoarthritis in rats, but did not have an anti-inflammatory effect on histological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia Maria Rodrigues de Sousa Gomes
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Palliative Care, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria do Socorro de Sousa Cartagenes
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Palliative Care, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Osvaldo Barbosa Neto
- Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - João Batista Santos Garcia
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Palliative Care, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
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Duarte J, Fernandes EC, Kononenko O, Sarkisyan D, Luz LL, Bakalkin G, Safronov BV. Differential suppression of the ipsi- and contralateral nociceptive reflexes in the neonatal rat spinal cord by agonists of µ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors. Brain Res 2019; 1717:182-189. [PMID: 31028728 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptive discharges caused by the unilateral tissue damage are processed in the spinal cord by both ipsi- and contralateral neuronal circuits. The mechanisms of the neurotransmitter control of this bilateral excitation spread is poorly understood. Spinally administered opiates are known to suppress nociceptive transmission and nociceptive withdrawal reflexes. Here we investigated whether three major types of opioid receptors are involved in the bilateral control of the spinal nociceptive sensorimotor processing. Effects of the µ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists on the ipsi- and contralateral nociceptive reflexes were studied by recording slow ventral root potentials in an isolated spinal cord preparation of the new-born rat. Absolute levels of expression of the opioid genes were analyzed by the droplet digital PCR. Ipsi- and contralateral slow ventral root potentials were most strongly suppressed by the µ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO, by 63% and 85%, followed by the κ-opioid receptor agonist U-50488H, by 44% and 73%, and δ-opioid receptor agonist leucine-enkephalin, by 27% and 49%, respectively. All these agonists suppressed stronger contra- than ipsilateral responses. Naloxone prevented effects of the agonists indicating that they act through opioid receptors, which, as we show, are expressed in the neonatal spinal cord at the levels similar to those in adults. Thus, opioid receptor agonists suppress the segmental nociceptive reflexes. Stronger contralateral effects suggest that the endogenous opioid system regulates sensorimotor processing in the spinal commissural pathways. These effects of opioids may be relevant for treatment of symmetric clinical pain symptoms caused by unilateral tissue injury.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Female
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Nociceptors/metabolism
- Pain/drug therapy
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reflex/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Duarte
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Kononenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liliana L Luz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC Husargatan 3, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Boris V Safronov
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Kulyk VB, Volkova TN, Kryshtal’ OA. Mechanisms of Expression and Release of Endogenous Opioids in Peripheral Tissues. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-016-9590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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TenBroek EM, Yunker L, Nies MF, Bendele AM. Randomized controlled studies on the efficacy of antiarthritic agents in inhibiting cartilage degeneration and pain associated with progression of osteoarthritis in the rat. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:24. [PMID: 26794830 PMCID: PMC4721142 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an initial step in the development of a local therapeutic to treat osteoarthritis (OA), a number of agents were tested for their ability to block activation of inflammation through nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), subchondral bone changes through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and proteolytic degradation through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 activity. Candidates with low toxicity and predicted efficacy were further examined using either of two widely accepted models of OA joint degeneration in the rat: the monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) model or the medial meniscal tear/medial collateral ligament tear (MMT/MCLT) model. Methods Potential therapeutics were assessed for their effects on the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and MMP-13 activity in vitro using previously established assays. Toxicity was measured using HeLa cells, a synovial cell line, or primary human chondrocytes. Drugs predicted to perform well in vivo were tested either systemically or via intraarticular injection in the MIA or the MMT/MCLT model of OA. Pain behavior was measured by mechanical hyperalgesia using the digital Randall-Selitto test (dRS) or by incapacitance with weight bearing (WB). Joint degeneration was evaluated using micro computed tomography and a comprehensive semiquantitative scoring of cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial histopathology. Results Several agents were effective both in vitro and in vivo. With regard to pain behavior, systemically delivered clonidine was superior in treating MIA-induced changes in WB or dRS, while systemic clonidine, curcumin, tacrolimus, and fluocinolone were all somewhat effective in modifying MMT/MCLT-induced changes in WB. Systemic tacrolimus was the most effective in slowing disease progression as measured by histopathology in the MMT/MCLT model. Conclusions All of the agents that demonstrated highest benefit in vivo, excepting clonidine, were found to inhibit MMP-13, NF-κB, and bone matrix remodeling in vitro. The MIA and MMT/MCLT models of OA, previously shown to possess inflammatory characteristics and to display associated pain behavior, were affected to different degrees by the same drugs. Although no therapeutic was remarkable across all measures, the several which showed the most promise in either model merit continued study with alternative dosing and therapeutic strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0921-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M TenBroek
- Medtronic Inc., 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55432, USA.
| | - Laurie Yunker
- Medtronic Inc., 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55432, USA.
| | - Mae Foster Nies
- Medtronic Inc., 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55432, USA.
| | - Alison M Bendele
- Bolder BioPATH, Inc., 5541 Central Avenue, Suite 160, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.
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Abstract
Untreated or undermanaged perioperative pain has systemic effects that may negatively impact a patient's welfare and return to function. A consistent analgesic plan that assesses a patient's pain and comfort at regular intervals during the perioperative period should be incorporated into practice. Validated pain assessment tools are available for use in dogs and cats. Multimodal analgesic plans should be created for individual patients and modified according to pain assessments. These plans, based on a thorough history, physical examination, and knowledge of the expected pain, should be combinations of an opioid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a local anesthetic, and nonpharmacologic analgesic techniques.
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Amorim D, David-Pereira A, Marques P, Puga S, Rebelo P, Costa P, Pertovaara A, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F. A role of supraspinal galanin in behavioural hyperalgesia in the rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113077. [PMID: 25405608 PMCID: PMC4236133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In chronic pain disorders, galanin (GAL) is able to either facilitate or inhibit nociception in the spinal cord but the contribution of supraspinal galanin to pain signalling is mostly unknown. The dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) is rich in galanin receptors (GALR) and is involved in behavioural hyperalgesia. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of supraspinal GAL to behavioural hyperalgesia in experimental monoarthritis. METHODS In Wistar-Han males with a four week kaolin/carrageenan-induced monoarthritis (ARTH), paw-withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed before and after DMH administration of exogenous GAL, a non-specific GALR antagonist (M40), a specific GALR1 agonist (M617) and a specific GALR2 antagonist (M871). Additionally, the analysis of c-Fos expression after GAL injection in the DMH was used to investigate the potential involvement of brainstem pain control centres. Finally, electrophysiological recordings were performed to evaluate whether pronociceptive On- or antinociceptive Off-like cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) relay the effect of GAL. RESULTS Exogenous GAL in the DMH decreased PWL in ARTH and SHAM animals, an effect that was mimicked by a GALR1 agonist (M617). In SHAM animals, an unselective GALR antagonist (M40) increased PWL, while a GALR2 antagonist (M871) decreased PWL. M40 or M871 failed to influence PWL in ARTH animals. Exogenous GAL increased c-Fos expression in the RVM and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), with effects being more prominent in SHAM than ARTH animals. Exogenous GAL failed to influence activity of RVM On- or Off-like cells of SHAM and ARTH animals. CONCLUSIONS Overall, exogenous GAL in the DMH had a pronociceptive effect that is mediated by GALR1 in healthy and arthritic animals and is associated with alterations of c-Fos expression in RVM and DRN that are serotonergic brainstem nuclei known to be involved in the regulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana David-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sónia Puga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rebelo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrício Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Pinto-Ribeiro F, Amorim D, David-Pereira A, Monteiro AM, Costa P, Pertovaara A, Almeida A. Pronociception from the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is mediated by the rostral ventromedial medulla in healthy controls but is absent in arthritic animals. Brain Res Bull 2013; 99:100-8. [PMID: 24121166 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) has been proposed to participate in stress-induced hyperalgesia through facilitation of pronociceptive cells in the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM). We hypothesized that the DMH participates in hyperalgesia induced by arthritis. The DMH was pharmacologically manipulated while assessing heat-evoked nociceptive behavior or the discharge rates of pronociceptive RVM ON- and antinociceptive RVM OFF-like cells in NAIVE, SHAM and monoarthritic (ARTH) animals. In NAIVE and SHAM animals, the changes in nociceptive behavior induced by activation of the DMH by glutamate and inhibition by lidocaine were in line with earlier evidence indicating that the DMH has a nociceptive facilitating role. However, in ARTH animals, neither activation nor inhibition of the DMH influenced pain-like behavior evoked by stimulation of an uninflamed skin region (paw and tail). In accordance with these behavioral results, activation or inhibition of the DMH induced pronociceptive changes in the discharge rates of RVM cells in NAIVE and SHAM animals, which suggests that the DMH has a pronociceptive role mediated by the RVM in normal animals. However, in ARTH animals, both glutamate and lidocaine in the DMH failed to influence either pain-like behavior or noxious stimulation-evoked responses of RVM cells, while blocking the DMH increased spontaneous activity in the pronociceptive RVM ON cells. Our data indicate that the DMH participates in descending facilitation of cutaneous nociception in healthy controls, but it is not engaged in the regulation of cutaneous nociception in monoarthritic animals, while a minor role in tonic suppression of nociception in arthritis cannot be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Pertovaara A. The noradrenergic pain regulation system: A potential target for pain therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 716:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Schmitz J, Holzgrabe U. [The development of selective α2-receptor agonists]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 2011; 40:496-502. [PMID: 22028135 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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10
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Stein C, Machelska H. Modulation of Peripheral Sensory Neurons by the Immune System: Implications for Pain Therapy. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:860-81. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Pinto-Ribeiro F, Ansah OB, Almeida A, Pertovaara A. Response properties of nociceptive neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in monoarthritic and healthy control rats: Modulation of responses by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Quaglia W, Del Bello F, Giannella M, Piergentili A, Pigini M. α2C-adrenoceptor modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:455-81. [PMID: 21413828 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.565333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α2-Adrenoceptors (α2-ARs) are membrane proteins belonging to the superfamily of GPCRs. Detailed studies have shown three different subtypes, namely α2A, α2B and α2C. Although numerous α2-AR ligands exist, only a small set of compounds have shown even a degree of selectivity among the three α2-AR subtypes. Moreover, these compounds suffer from binding to receptor sites outside the α2-AR subfamily. Efforts made to understand the biological significance of each α2-AR subtype have greatly been assisted by genetically engineered mice. The main results obtained suggest that α2C-AR stimulation may represent a therapeutic strategy to get an analgesic response with reduced sedative effects and undesirable changes in blood pressure due to α2A-AR activation. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the patent literature about the development of α2C-AR modulators from 2000 to early 2010 and their therapeutic effects evoked by the interaction with this receptor subtype. EXPERT OPINION Over 90 patents have been deposited in the last 10 years regarding different methods of α2C-AR modulation (use of agonists or antagonists, nucleic acids and polypeptides) for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disorders involving this receptor. Nevertheless, despite the numerous published patents, ligands highly selective for the α2C-AR subtype, which continues to be enigmatic, are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Quaglia
- University of Camerino, Via S Agostino 1 Camerino, Italy.
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Fitzgerald PJ. Is elevated noradrenaline an aetiological factor in a number of diseases? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:143-56. [PMID: 19740085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8665.2009.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
1 Here I put forth the hypothesis that noradrenaline (NA), which is a signalling molecule in the brain and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), is an aetiological factor in a number of diseases. 2 In a previous paper (Fitzgerald, Int. J. Cancer, 124, 2009, 257), I examined evidence that elevated NA is a factor in various types of cancer. Here I extend the argument to several other diseases, including diabetes mellitus, open-angle glaucoma, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. 3 The principal hypothesis is that, largely as a result of genetics, elevated noradrenergic tone in the SNS predisposes a large number of individuals to a broad range of diseases. 4 For each of the above five diseases, I briefly examine the following four lines of evidence to assess the hypothesis: i) whether pharmacological studies in rodents that manipulate NA levels or receptors affect these diseases; ii) whether pharmacological manipulation of NA in humans affects these diseases; iii) whether bipolar disorder, excessive body weight, and hypertension, which may all three involve elevated NA, tend to be comorbid with these diseases and iv) whether psychological stressors tend to cause or exacerbate these conditions, since psychological stress is associated with increased release of NA. 5 The four lines of evidence tend to support the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Fitzgerald
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 338 Krieger Hall, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Sudo RT, Calasans-Maia JA, Galdino SL, Lima MCA, Zapata-Sudo G, Hernandes MZ, Pitta IR. Interaction of morphine with a new alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist in mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 11:71-8. [PMID: 19853523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Finding new chemicals or adjuvants with analgesic effects in the central nervous system is clinically relevant due to the limited number of drugs with these properties. Here, we present PT-31, which is chemically related to 3-benzyl-imidazolidine, with an analgesic profile that results from alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation. Intraperitoneal administration of PT-31 dose-dependently produced antinociception in the hot plate test, and interacted synergistically with morphine. This effect was completely reversed by yohimbine, a non-selective antagonist of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, and by BRL 44408, a selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist. The combination of morphine and PT-31 produced greater antinociceptive activity than either alone, and isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction between these compounds. Docking results confirm the high affinity of the PT-31 ligand at the alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor. PERSPECTIVE This study introduces a new analgesic compound (PT-31) that acts via alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor activation. A significant increase in analgesia was observed when co-administered with morphine. PT-31 is an interesting new substance for pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto T Sudo
- Programa de Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Al-Metwalli R, Mowafi H, Ismail S, Siddiqui A, Al-Ghamdi A, Shafi M, El-Saleh AR. Effect of intra-articular dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:395-9. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Pinto-Ribeiro F, Ansah OB, Almeida A, Pertovaara A. Influence of arthritis on descending modulation of nociception from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res 2008; 1197:63-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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