1
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Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38172098 PMCID: PMC10764842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, comprising the secondary circulatory system in human body, play a multifaceted role in maintaining homeostasis among various tissues and organs. They are tasked with a serious of responsibilities, including the regulation of lymph absorption and transport, the orchestration of immune surveillance and responses. Lymphatic vessel development undergoes a series of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways governing heterogeneous-origin cell populations stepwise to assemble into the highly specialized lymphatic vessel networks. Lymphangiogenesis, as defined by new lymphatic vessels sprouting from preexisting lymphatic vessels/embryonic veins, is the main developmental mechanism underlying the formation and expansion of lymphatic vessel networks in an embryo. However, abnormal lymphangiogenesis could be observed in many pathological conditions and has a close relationship with the development and progression of various diseases. Mechanistic studies have revealed a set of lymphangiogenic factors and cascades that may serve as the potential targets for regulating abnormal lymphangiogenesis, to further modulate the progression of diseases. Actually, an increasing number of clinical trials have demonstrated the promising interventions and showed the feasibility of currently available treatments for future clinical translation. Targeting lymphangiogenic promoters or inhibitors not only directly regulates abnormal lymphangiogenesis, but improves the efficacy of diverse treatments. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive overview of lymphatic vessel development and physiological functions, and describe the critical involvement of abnormal lymphangiogenesis in multiple diseases. Moreover, we summarize the targeting therapeutic values of abnormal lymphangiogenesis, providing novel perspectives for treatment strategy of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xushi Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanan Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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2
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Britto DD, He J, Misa JP, Chen W, Kakadia PM, Grimm L, Herbert CD, Crosier KE, Crosier PS, Bohlander SK, Hogan BM, Hall CJ, Torres-Vázquez J, Astin JW. Plexin D1 negatively regulates zebrafish lymphatic development. Development 2022; 149:dev200560. [PMID: 36205097 PMCID: PMC9720674 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is a dynamic process that involves the directed migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to form lymphatic vessels. The molecular mechanisms that underpin lymphatic vessel patterning are not fully elucidated and, to date, no global regulator of lymphatic vessel guidance is known. In this study, we identify the transmembrane cell signalling receptor Plexin D1 (Plxnd1) as a negative regulator of both lymphatic vessel guidance and lymphangiogenesis in zebrafish. plxnd1 is expressed in developing lymphatics and is required for the guidance of both the trunk and facial lymphatic networks. Loss of plxnd1 is associated with misguided intersegmental lymphatic vessel growth and aberrant facial lymphatic branches. Lymphatic guidance in the trunk is mediated, at least in part, by the Plxnd1 ligands, Semaphorin 3AA and Semaphorin 3C. Finally, we show that Plxnd1 normally antagonises Vegfr/Erk signalling to ensure the correct number of facial LECs and that loss of plxnd1 results in facial lymphatic hyperplasia. As a global negative regulator of lymphatic vessel development, the Sema/Plxnd1 signalling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for treating diseases associated with dysregulated lymphatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver D. Britto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jia He
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - June P. Misa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Purvi M. Kakadia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lin Grimm
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Caitlin D. Herbert
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn E. Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Philip S. Crosier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K. Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Hall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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3
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Chestnut B, Klimkaite L, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13065. [PMID: 35906287 PMCID: PMC9338088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurita Klimkaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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4
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Paulissen SM, Castranova DM, Krispin SM, Burns MC, Menéndez J, Torres-Vázquez J, Weinstein BM. Anatomy and development of the pectoral fin vascular network in the zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:dev199676. [PMID: 35132436 PMCID: PMC8959142 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pectoral fins of teleost fish are analogous structures to human forelimbs, and the developmental mechanisms directing their initial growth and patterning are conserved between fish and tetrapods. The forelimb vasculature is crucial for limb function, and it appears to play important roles during development by promoting development of other limb structures, but the steps leading to its formation are poorly understood. In this study, we use high-resolution imaging to document the stepwise assembly of the zebrafish pectoral fin vasculature. We show that fin vascular network formation is a stereotyped, choreographed process that begins with the growth of an initial vascular loop around the pectoral fin. This loop connects to the dorsal aorta to initiate pectoral vascular circulation. Pectoral fin vascular development continues with concurrent formation of three elaborate vascular plexuses, one in the distal fin that develops into the fin-ray vasculature and two near the base of the fin in association with the developing fin musculature. Our findings detail a complex, yet highly choreographed, series of steps involved in the development of a complete, functional, organ-specific vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Paulissen
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel M. Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shlomo M. Krispin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret C. Burns
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Javier Menéndez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brant M. Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is a vital component of the vertebrate vascular system that mediates tissue fluid homeostasis, lipid uptake and immune surveillance. The development of the lymphatic vasculature starts in the early vertebrate embryo, when a subset of blood vascular endothelial cells of the cardinal veins acquires lymphatic endothelial cell fate. These cells sprout from the veins, migrate, proliferate and organize to give rise to a highly structured and unique vascular network. Cellular cross-talk, cell-cell communication and the interpretation of signals from surrounding tissues are all essential for coordinating these processes. In this chapter, we highlight new findings and review research progress with a particular focus on LEC migration and guidance, expansion of the LEC lineage, network remodeling and morphogenesis of the lymphatic vasculature.
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6
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Chaudhury S, Okuda KS, Koltowska K, Lagendijk AK, Paterson S, Baillie GJ, Simons C, Smith KA, Hogan BM, Bower NI. Localised Collagen2a1 secretion supports lymphatic endothelial cell migration in the zebrafish embryo. Development 2020; 147:dev.190983. [PMID: 32839180 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature develops primarily from pre-existing veins. A pool of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) first sprouts from cardinal veins followed by migration and proliferation to colonise embryonic tissues. Although much is known about the molecular regulation of LEC fate and sprouting during early lymphangiogenesis, we know far less about the instructive and permissive signals that support LEC migration through the embryo. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified mbtps1 and sec23a, components of the COP-II protein secretory pathway, as essential for developmental lymphangiogenesis. In both mutants, LECs initially depart the cardinal vein but then fail in their ongoing migration. A key cargo that failed to be secreted in both mutants was a type II collagen (Col2a1). Col2a1 is normally secreted by notochord sheath cells, alongside which LECs migrate. col2a1a mutants displayed defects in the migratory behaviour of LECs and failed lymphangiogenesis. These studies thus identify Col2a1 as a key cargo secreted by notochord sheath cells and required for the migration of LECs. These findings combine with our current understanding to suggest that successive cell-to-cell and cell-matrix interactions regulate the migration of LECs through the embryonic environment during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrita Chaudhury
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kazuhide S Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Gregory J Baillie
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Neil I Bower
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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7
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Wang G, Muhl L, Padberg Y, Dupont L, Peterson-Maduro J, Stehling M, le Noble F, Colige A, Betsholtz C, Schulte-Merker S, van Impel A. Specific fibroblast subpopulations and neuronal structures provide local sources of Vegfc-processing components during zebrafish lymphangiogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2724. [PMID: 32483144 PMCID: PMC7264274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytical processing of the growth factor VEGFC through the concerted activity of CCBE1 and ADAMTS3 is required for lymphatic development to occur. How these factors act together in time and space, and which cell types produce these factors is not understood. Here we assess the function of Adamts3 and the related protease Adamts14 during zebrafish lymphangiogenesis and show both proteins to be able to process Vegfc. Only the simultaneous loss of both protein functions results in lymphatic defects identical to vegfc loss-of-function situations. Cell transplantation experiments demonstrate neuronal structures and/or fibroblasts to constitute cellular sources not only for both proteases but also for Ccbe1 and Vegfc. We further show that this locally restricted Vegfc maturation is needed to trigger normal lymphatic sprouting and directional migration. Our data provide a single-cell resolution model for establishing secretion and processing hubs for Vegfc during developmental lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Wang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Muhl
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Padberg
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Dupont
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Biology, GIGA, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Stehling
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute and Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Biology, GIGA, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Andreas van Impel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany. .,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany.
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8
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Wang S, Yamakawa M, Santosa SM, Chawla N, Guo K, Montana M, Hallak JA, Han KY, Ema M, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Quantification of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in the Dual ex vivo Aortic and Thoracic Duct Assay. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:30-40. [PMID: 31553284 PMCID: PMC6978644 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190925145842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Background Lymphatic vessel formation (lymphangiogenesis) plays important roles in cancer metastasis, organ rejection, and lymphedema, but the underlying molecular events remain unclear. Furthermore, despite significant overlap in the molecular families involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, little is known about the crosstalk between these processes. The ex vivo aortic ring assay and lymphatic ring assay have enabled detailed studies of vessel sprouting, but harvesting and imaging clear thoracic duct samples remain challenging. Here we present a modified ex vivo dual aortic ring and thoracic duct assay using tissues from dual fluorescence reporter Prox1-GFP/Flt1-DsRed (PGFD) mice, which permit simultaneous visualization of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells. Objective To characterize the concurrent sprouting of intrinsically fluorescent blood and lymphatic vessels from harvested aorta and thoracic duct samples. Methods Dual aorta and thoracic duct specimens were harvested from PGFD mice, grown in six types of endothelial cell growth media (one control, five that each lack a specific growth factor), and visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Linear mixed models were used to compare the extent of vessel growth and sprouting over a 28-day period. Results Angiogenesis occurred prior to lymphangiogenesis in our assay. The control medium generally induced superior growth of both vessel types compared with the different modified media formulations. The greatest decrease in lymphangiogenesis was observed in vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)-devoid medium, suggesting the importance of VEGF-C in lymphangiogenesis. Conclusion The modified ex vivo dual aortic ring and thoracic duct assay represents a powerful tool for studying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Neeraj Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mario Montana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joelle A Hallak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Shia University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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A potential role of lymphangiogenesis for peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Med Hypotheses 2020; 135:109470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Eve AMJ, Smith JC. Knockdown of Laminin gamma-3 (Lamc3) impairs motoneuron guidance in the zebrafish embryo. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:111. [PMID: 29417095 PMCID: PMC5785718 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12394.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous work in the zebrafish embryo has shown that laminin γ-3 ( lamc3) is enriched in endothelial cells marked by expression of fli1a, but the role of Lamc3 has been unknown. Methods: We use antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of F0 embryos, to create zebrafish embryos in which lamc3 expression is compromised. Transgenic imaging, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridisation reveal that Lamc3 loss-of-function affects the development of muscle pioneers, endothelial cells, and motoneurons. Results: Lamc3 is enriched in endothelial cells during zebrafish development, but it is also expressed by other tissues. Depletion of Lamc3 by use of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides perturbs formation of the parachordal chain and subsequently the thoracic duct, but Lamc3 is not required for sprouting of the cardinal vein. F0 embryos in which lamc3 expression is perturbed by a CRISPR/Cas9 approach also fail to form a parachordal chain, but we were unable to establish a stable lamc3 null line. Lamc3 is dispensable for muscle pioneer specification and for the expression of netrin-1a in these cells. Lamc3 knockdown causes netrin-1a up-regulation in the neural tube and there is increased Netrin-1 protein throughout the trunk of the embryo. Axonal guidance of rostral primary motoneurons is defective in Lamc3 knockdown embryos. Conclusions: We suggest that knockdown of Lamc3 perturbs migration of rostral primary motoneurons at the level of the horizontal myoseptum, indicating that laminin γ3 plays a role in motoneuron guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. J. Eve
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James C. Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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11
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Vaahtomeri K, Karaman S, Mäkinen T, Alitalo K. Lymphangiogenesis guidance by paracrine and pericellular factors. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1615-1634. [PMID: 28947496 PMCID: PMC5647933 DOI: 10.1101/gad.303776.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review by Vaahtomeri et al. discusses the mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature network is formed, remodeled, and adapted to physiological and pathological challenges. It describes how the lymphatic vasculature network is controlled by an intricate balance of growth factors and biomechanical cues. Lymphatic vessels are important for tissue fluid homeostasis, lipid absorption, and immune cell trafficking and are involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature network is formed, remodeled, and adapted to physiological and pathological challenges are controlled by an intricate balance of growth factor and biomechanical cues. These transduce signals for the readjustment of gene expression and lymphatic endothelial migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, we describe several of these cues and how they are integrated for the generation of functional lymphatic vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Vaahtomeri
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinem Karaman
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Hogan BM, Schulte-Merker S. How to Plumb a Pisces: Understanding Vascular Development and Disease Using Zebrafish Embryos. Dev Cell 2017; 42:567-583. [PMID: 28950100 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our vasculature plays diverse and critical roles in homeostasis and disease. In recent decades, the use of zebrafish has driven our understanding of vascular development into new areas, identifying new genes and mechanisms controlling vessel formation and allowing unprecedented observation of the cellular and molecular events that shape the developing vasculature. Here, we highlight key mechanisms controlling formation of the zebrafish vasculature and investigate how knowledge from this highly tractable model system has informed our understanding of vascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003), WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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13
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Padberg Y, Schulte-Merker S, van Impel A. The lymphatic vasculature revisited-new developments in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 138:221-238. [PMID: 28129845 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is lined by endothelial cells and part of the vasculature. It is essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of dietary fats, and immune surveillance in vertebrates. Misregulation of lymphatic vessel formation and dysfunction of the lymphatic system have been indicated in a number of pathological conditions including lymphedema formation, obesity or chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In zebrafish, lymphatics were discovered about 10years ago, and the underlying molecular pathways involved in its development have since been studied in detail. Due to its superior live cell imaging possibilities and the broad tool kit for forward and reverse genetics, the zebrafish has become an important model organism to study the development of the lymphatic system during early embryonic development. In the current review, we will focus on the key players during zebrafish lymphangiogenesis and compare the roles of these genes to their mammalian counterparts. In particular, we will focus on novel findings that shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of lymphatic cell fate specification, as well as sprouting and migration of lymphatic precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Padberg
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC M 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC M 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A van Impel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC M 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Semo J, Nicenboim J, Yaniv K. Development of the lymphatic system: new questions and paradigms. Development 2016; 143:924-35. [PMID: 26980792 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a blind-ended network of vessels that plays important roles in mediating tissue fluid homeostasis, intestinal lipid absorption and the immune response. A profound understanding of the development of lymphatic vessels, as well as of the molecular cues governing their formation and morphogenesis, might prove essential for our ability to treat lymphatic-related diseases. The embryonic origins of lymphatic vessels have been debated for over a century, with a model claiming a venous origin for the lymphatic endothelium being predominant. However, recent studies have provided new insights into the origins of lymphatic vessels. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms controlling lymphatic specification and sprouting, and we discuss exciting findings that shed new light on previously uncharacterized sources of lymphatic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Semo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Julian Nicenboim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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15
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The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet2a promotes angioblast migration. Dev Biol 2016; 414:181-92. [PMID: 27126199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Angioblasts of the developing vascular system require many signaling inputs to initiate their migration, proliferation and differentiation into endothelial cells. What is less studied is which intrinsic cell factors interpret these extrinsic signals. Here, we show the Lim homeodomain transcription factor islet2a (isl2a) is expressed in the lateral posterior mesoderm prior to angioblast migration. isl2a deficient angioblasts show disorganized migration to the midline to form axial vessels and fail to spread around the tailbud of the embryo. Isl2a morphants have fewer vein cells and decreased vein marker expression. We demonstrate that isl2a is required cell autonomously in angioblasts to promote their incorporation into the vein, and is permissive for vein identity. Knockout of isl2a results in decreased migration and proliferation of angioblasts during intersegmental artery growth. Since Notch signaling controls both artery-vein identity and tip-stalk cell formation, we explored the interaction of isl2a and Notch. We find that isl2a expression is negatively regulated by Notch activity, and that isl2a positively regulates flt4, a VEGF-C receptor repressed by Notch during angiogenesis. Thus Isl2a may act as an intermediate between Notch signaling and genetic programs controlling angioblast number and migration, placing it as a novel transcriptional regulator of early angiogenesis.
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16
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Astin JW, Crosier PS. Lymphatics, Cancer and Zebrafish. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:199-218. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Hen G, Nicenboim J, Mayseless O, Asaf L, Shin M, Busolin G, Hofi R, Almog G, Tiso N, Lawson ND, Yaniv K. Venous-derived angioblasts generate organ-specific vessels during zebrafish embryonic development. Development 2015; 142:4266-78. [PMID: 26525671 PMCID: PMC4689221 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Formation and remodeling of vascular beds are complex processes orchestrated by multiple signaling pathways. Although it is well accepted that vessels of a particular organ display specific features that enable them to fulfill distinct functions, the embryonic origins of tissue-specific vessels and the molecular mechanisms regulating their formation are poorly understood. The subintestinal plexus of the zebrafish embryo comprises vessels that vascularize the gut, liver and pancreas and, as such, represents an ideal model in which to investigate the early steps of organ-specific vessel formation. Here, we show that both arterial and venous components of the subintestinal plexus originate from a pool of specialized angioblasts residing in the floor of the posterior cardinal vein (PCV). Using live imaging of zebrafish embryos, in combination with photoconvertable transgenic reporters, we demonstrate that these angioblasts undergo two phases of migration and differentiation. Initially, a subintestinal vein forms and expands ventrally through a Bone Morphogenetic Protein-dependent step of collective migration. Concomitantly, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-dependent shift in the directionality of migration, coupled to the upregulation of arterial markers, is observed, which culminates with the generation of the supraintestinal artery. Together, our results establish the zebrafish subintestinal plexus as an advantageous model for the study of organ-specific vessel development and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling its formation. More broadly, our findings suggest that PCV-specialized angioblasts contribute not only to the formation of the early trunk vasculature, but also to the establishment of late-forming, tissue-specific vascular beds. Highlighted article: A specialized pool of angioblasts is the origin of the zebrafish subintestinal plexus, a structure that gives rise to the organ-specific vessels of the gut, liver and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Hen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Julian Nicenboim
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Mayseless
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lihee Asaf
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Masahiro Shin
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Giorgia Busolin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Roy Hofi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabriella Almog
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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18
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Kiesow K, Bennewitz K, Miranda LG, Stoll SJ, Hartenstein B, Angel P, Kroll J, Schorpp-Kistner M. Junb controls lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish via miR-182. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15007. [PMID: 26458334 PMCID: PMC4602192 DOI: 10.1038/srep15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
JUNB, a subunit of the AP-1 transcription factor complex, mediates gene regulation in response to a plethora of extracellular stimuli. Previously, JUNB was shown to act as a critical positive regulator of blood vessel development and homeostasis as well as a negative regulator of proliferation, inflammation and tumour growth. Here, we demonstrate that the oncogenic miR-182 is a novel JUNB target. Loss-of-function studies by morpholino-mediated knockdown and the CRISPR/Cas9 technology identify a novel function for both JUNB and its target miR-182 in lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. Furthermore, we show that miR-182 attenuates foxo1 expression indicating that strictly balanced Foxo1 levels are required for proper lymphatic vascular development in zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings uncover with the Junb/miR-182/Foxo1 regulatory axis a novel key player in governing lymphatic vascular morphogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kiesow
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Laura Gutierrez Miranda
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Bettina Hartenstein
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, D-68167, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Marina Schorpp-Kistner
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
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19
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Abstract
The vascular and the nervous system are responsible for oxygen, nutrient, and information transfer and thereby constitute highly important communication systems in higher organisms. These functional similarities are reflected at the anatomical, cellular, and molecular levels, where common developmental principles and mutual crosstalks have evolved to coordinate their action. This resemblance of the two systems at different levels of complexity has been termed the "neurovascular link." Most of the evidence demonstrating neurovascular interactions derives from studies outside the CNS and from the CNS tissue of the retina. However, little is known about the specific properties of the neurovascular link in the brain. Here, we focus on regulatory effects of molecules involved in the neurovascular link on angiogenesis in the periphery and in the brain and distinguish between general and CNS-specific cues for angiogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the emerging molecular interactions of these angiogenic cues with the VEGF-VEGFR-Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4)-Jagged-Notch pathway.
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20
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Nicenboim J, Malkinson G, Lupo T, Asaf L, Sela Y, Mayseless O, Gibbs-Bar L, Senderovich N, Hashimshony T, Shin M, Jerafi-Vider A, Avraham-Davidi I, Krupalnik V, Hofi R, Almog G, Astin JW, Golani O, Ben-Dor S, Crosier PS, Herzog W, Lawson ND, Hanna JH, Yanai I, Yaniv K. Lymphatic vessels arise from specialized angioblasts within a venous niche. Nature 2015; 522:56-61. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Mulligan TS, Weinstein BM. Emerging from the PAC: studying zebrafish lymphatic development. Microvasc Res 2014; 96:23-30. [PMID: 24928500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently the zebrafish has emerged as a promising vertebrate model of lymphatic vasculature development. The establishment of numerous transgenic lines that label the lymphatic endothelium in the zebrafish has allowed the fine examination of the developmental timing and the anatomy of their lymphatic vasculature. Although many questions remain, studying lymphatic development in the zebrafish has resulted in the identification and characterization of novel and established mediators of lymphatic development and lymphangiogenesis. Here, we review the main stages involved in the development of the lymphatic vasculature in the zebrafish from its origins in the embryonic veins to the formation of the primary lymphatic vessels and highlight some of the key molecules necessary for these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Mulligan
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 6B, Room 309, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 6B, Room 309, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Wilkinson RN, van Eeden FJ. The Zebrafish as a Model of Vascular Development and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 124:93-122. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386930-2.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Kwon HB, Fukuhara S, Asakawa K, Ando K, Kashiwada T, Kawakami K, Hibi M, Kwon YG, Kim KW, Alitalo K, Mochizuki N. The parallel growth of motoneuron axons with the dorsal aorta depends on Vegfc/Vegfr3 signaling in zebrafish. Development 2013; 140:4081-90. [PMID: 24046321 PMCID: PMC3913045 DOI: 10.1242/dev.091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels and neurons grow often side by side. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their parallel development remain unclear. Here, we report that a subpopulation of secondary motoneurons extends axons ventrally outside of the neural tubes and rostrocaudally as a fascicle beneath the dorsal aorta (DA) in zebrafish. We tried to clarify the mechanism by which these motoneuron axons grow beneath the DA and found that Vegfc in the DA and Vegfr3 in the motoneurons were essential for the axon growth. Forced expression of either Vegfc in arteries or Vegfr3 in motoneurons resulted in enhanced axon growth of motoneurons over the DA. Both vegfr3 morphants and vegfc morphants lost the alignment of motoneuron axons with DA. In addition, forced expression of two mutant forms of Vegfr3 in motoneurons, potentially trapping endogenous Vegfc, resulted in failure of growth of motoneuron axons beneath the DA. Finally, a vegfr3 mutant fish lacked the motoneuron axons beneath the DA. Collectively, Vegfc from the preformed DA guides the axon growth of secondary motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
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24
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Cermenati S, Moleri S, Neyt C, Bresciani E, Carra S, Grassini DR, Omini A, Goi M, Cotelli F, François M, Hogan BM, Beltrame M. Sox18 Genetically Interacts With VegfC to Regulate Lymphangiogenesis in Zebrafish. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1238-47. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solei Cermenati
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Silvia Moleri
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Christine Neyt
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Erica Bresciani
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Silvia Carra
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Daniela R. Grassini
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Alice Omini
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Michela Goi
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Franco Cotelli
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Mathias François
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
| | - Monica Beltrame
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie (S. Cermenati, S.M., D.R.G., M.G., M.B.), Dipartimento di Bioscienze (S. Cermenati, S.M., S. Carra, A.O., F.C., M.B.), and Dipartimento di Biologia (E.B., S. Carra, F.C.), Universita’ degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (C.N., M.F., B.M.H.)
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25
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Koltowska K, Betterman KL, Harvey NL, Hogan BM. Getting out and about: the emergence and morphogenesis of the vertebrate lymphatic vasculature. Development 2013; 140:1857-70. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system develops from the pre-existing blood vasculature of the vertebrate embryo. New insights into lymphatic vascular development have recently been achieved with the use of alternative model systems, new molecular tools, novel imaging technologies and growing interest in the role of lymphatic vessels in human disorders. The signals and cellular mechanisms that facilitate the emergence of lymphatic endothelial cells from veins, guide migration through the embryonic environment, mediate interactions with neighbouring tissues and control vessel maturation are beginning to emerge. Here, we review the most recent advances in lymphatic vascular development, with a major focus on mouse and zebrafish model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Koltowska
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Betterman
- Division of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Natasha L. Harvey
- Division of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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26
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Betterman KL, Paquet-Fifield S, Asselin-Labat ML, Visvader JE, Butler LM, Stacker SA, Achen MG, Harvey NL. Remodeling of the lymphatic vasculature during mouse mammary gland morphogenesis is mediated via epithelial-derived lymphangiogenic stimuli. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:2225-38. [PMID: 23063660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the key roles of lymphatic vessels in homeostasis and disease, the cellular sources of signals that direct lymphatic vascular growth and patterning remain unknown. Using high-resolution imaging in two and three dimensions, we demonstrated that postnatal mouse mammary gland lymphatic vessels share an intimate spatial association with epithelial ducts and large blood vessels. We further demonstrated that the lymphatic vasculature is remodeled together with the mammary epithelial tree and blood vasculature during postnatal mouse mammary gland morphogenesis. Neither estrogen receptor α nor progesterone receptor were detected in lymphatic endothelial cells in the mouse mammary gland, suggesting that mammary gland lymphangiogenesis is not likely regulated directly by these steroid hormones. Epithelial cells, especially myoepithelial cells, were determined to be a rich source of prolymphangiogenic stimuli including VEGF-C and VEGF-D with temporally regulated expression levels during mammary gland morphogenesis. Blockade of VEGFR-3 signaling using a small-molecule inhibitor inhibited the proliferation of primary lymphatic endothelial cells promoted by mammary gland conditioned medium, suggesting that lymphangiogenesis in the mammary gland is likely driven by myoepithelial-derived VEGF-C and/or VEGF-D. These findings provide new insight into the architecture of the lymphatic vasculature in the mouse mammary gland and, by uncovering the proximity of lymphatic vessels to the epithelial tree, suggest a potential mechanism by which metastatic tumor cells access the lymphatic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Betterman
- Division of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
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Ochoa-Espinosa A, Affolter M. Branching morphogenesis: from cells to organs and back. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012; 4:cshperspect.a008243. [PMID: 22798543 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many animal organs, such as the lung, the kidney, the mammary gland, and the vasculature, consist of branched tubular structures that arise through a process known as "branching morphogenesis" that results from the remodeling of epithelial or endothelial sheaths into multicellular tubular networks. In recent years, the combination of molecular biology, forward and reverse genetic approaches, and their complementation by live imaging has started to unravel rules and mechanisms controlling branching processes in animals. Common patterns of branch formation spanning diverse model systems are beginning to emerge that might reflect unifying principles of tubular organ formation.
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Abstract
This review is focusing on a critical mediator of embryonic and postnatal development with multiple implications in inflammation, neoplasia, and other pathological situations in brain and peripheral tissues. These morphogenetic guidance and dependence processes are involved in several malignancies targeting the epithelial and immune systems including the progression of human colorectal cancers. We consider the most important findings and their impact on basic, translational, and clinical cancer research. Expected information can bring new cues for innovative, efficient, and safe strategies of personalized medicine based on molecular markers, protagonists, signaling networks, and effectors inherent to the Netrin axis in pathophysiological states.
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29
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Larrieu-Lahargue F, Thomas KR, Li DY. Netrin ligands and receptors: lessons from neurons to the endothelium. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 22:44-7. [PMID: 22841834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Netrins were initially identified as secreted ligands regulating axon guidance and migration through interaction with canonical receptors. Netrins were then shown to be necessary for development of a range of tissues, including lung, mammary gland, and the vasculature. While new netrin receptors, as well as alternative ligands for classical netrin receptors, were described in the neuronal and epithelial fields, there was a singular focus on canonical netrin receptors in the vascular system, leading to controversy on netrin function and the nature of receptor-mediated netrin signaling in the endothelium. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on netrin ligands and receptors and discuss questions, controversies, and perspectives surrounding netrin functions and receptor identity in the vasculature.
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Zannino DA, Sagerström CG, Appel B. olig2-Expressing hindbrain cells are required for migrating facial motor neurons. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:315-26. [PMID: 22275004 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated trajectory of facial motor neuron migration requires coordination of intrinsic signals and cues from the surrounding environment. Migration begins in rhombomere (r) 4 where facial motor neurons are born and proceeds in a caudal direction. Once facial motor neurons reach their target rhombomeres, they migrate laterally and radially from the ventral neural tube. In zebrafish, as facial motor neurons migrate through r5/r6, they pass near cells that express olig2, which encodes a bHLH transcription factor. In this study, we found that olig2 function is required for facial motor neurons to complete their caudal migration into r6 and r7 and form stereotypical clusters. Additionally, embryos that lack mafba function, in which facial motor neurons also fail to complete caudal migration, lack olig2 expression in r5 and r6. Our data raise the possibility that cells expressing olig2 are intermediate targets that help guide facial motor neuron migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Zannino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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31
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Cha YR, Fujita M, Butler M, Isogai S, Kochhan E, Siekmann AF, Weinstein BM. Chemokine signaling directs trunk lymphatic network formation along the preexisting blood vasculature. Dev Cell 2012; 22:824-36. [PMID: 22516200 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is crucial for fluid homeostasis, immune responses, and numerous pathological processes. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for establishing the anatomical form of the lymphatic vascular network remain largely unknown. Here, we show that chemokine signaling provides critical guidance cues directing early trunk lymphatic network assembly and patterning. The chemokine receptors Cxcr4a and Cxcr4b are expressed in lymphatic endothelium, whereas chemokine ligands Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b are expressed in adjacent tissues along which the developing lymphatics align. Loss- and gain-of-function studies in zebrafish demonstrate that chemokine signaling orchestrates the stepwise assembly of the trunk lymphatic network. In addition to providing evidence for a lymphatic vascular guidance mechanism, these results also suggest a molecular basis for the anatomical coalignment of lymphatic and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ryun Cha
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6B/309, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Okuda KS, Astin JW, Misa JP, Flores MV, Crosier KE, Crosier PS. lyve1 expression reveals novel lymphatic vessels and new mechanisms for lymphatic vessel development in zebrafish. Development 2012; 139:2381-91. [PMID: 22627281 DOI: 10.1242/dev.077701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have generated novel transgenic lines that brightly mark the lymphatic system of zebrafish using the lyve1 promoter. Facilitated by these new transgenic lines, we generated a map of zebrafish lymphatic development up to 15 days post-fertilisation and discovered three previously uncharacterised lymphatic vessel networks: the facial lymphatics, the lateral lymphatics and the intestinal lymphatics. We show that a facial lymphatic vessel, termed the lateral facial lymphatic, develops through a novel developmental mechanism, which initially involves vessel growth through a single vascular sprout followed by the recruitment of lymphangioblasts to the vascular tip. Unlike the lymphangioblasts that form the thoracic duct, the lymphangioblasts that contribute to the lateral facial lymphatic vessel originate from a number of different blood vessels. Our work highlights the additional complexity of lymphatic vessel development in the zebrafish that may increase its versatility as a model of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide S Okuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Netrin/DCC signaling guides olfactory sensory axons to their correct location in the olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 2012; 32:4440-56. [PMID: 22457493 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4442-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons expressing particular olfactory receptors project to specific reproducible locations within the bulb. The axonal guidance cues that organize this precise projection pattern are only beginning to be identified. To aid in their identification and characterization, we generated a transgenic zebrafish line, OR111-7:IRES:Gal4, in which a small subset of olfactory sensory neurons is labeled. Most sensory neurons expressing the OR111-7 transgene project to a specific location within the bulb, the central zone protoglomerulus, while a smaller number project to the lateral glomerulus 1 protoglomerulus. Inhibiting Netrin/DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) signaling perturbs the ability of OR111-7-expressing axons to enter the olfactory bulb and alters their patterns of termination within the bulb. The Netrin receptor DCC is expressed in olfactory sensory neurons around the time that they elaborate their axons, netrin1a is expressed near the medial-most margin of the olfactory bulb, and netrin1b is expressed within the ventral region of the bulb. Loss of Netrin/DCC signaling components causes some OR111-7-expressing sensory axons to wander posteriorly after exiting the olfactory pit, away from netrin-expressing areas in the bulb. OR111-7-expressing axons that enter the bulb target the central zone less precisely than normal, spreading away from netrin-expressing regions. These pathfinding errors can be corrected by the reexpression of DCC within OR111-7 transgene-expressing neurons in DCC morphant embryos. These findings implicate Netrins as the only known attractants for olfactory sensory neurons, first drawing OR111-7-expressing axons into the bulb and then into the ventromedially positioned central zone protoglomerulus.
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Gaudin A, Hofmeister W, Key B. Chemoattractant axon guidance cues regulate de novo axon trajectories in the embryonic forebrain of zebrafish. Dev Biol 2012; 367:126-39. [PMID: 22575706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of axon tracts in the early vertebrate brain is controlled by combinations of soluble, membrane-bound and extracellular matrix molecules. How these multiple and sometimes conflicting guidance cues are integrated in order to establish stereotypical pathways remains to be determined. We show here that when interactions between the chemoattractive signal Netrin1a and its receptor Dcc are suppressed using a loss-of-function approach, a novel axon trajectory emerges in the dorsal diencephalon. Axons arising from a subpopulation of telencephalic neurons failed to project rostrally into the anterior commissure in the absence of either Netrin1a or Dcc. Instead these axons inappropriately exited the telencephalon and ectopically coursed caudally into virgin neuroepithelium. This response was highly specific since loss-of-function of Netrin1b, a paralogue of Netrin1a, generated a distinct phenotype in the rostral brain. These results show that a subpopulation of telencephalic neurons, when freed from long-range chemoattraction mediated by Netrin1a-Dcc interactions, follow alternative instructive cues that lead to creation of an ectopic axon bundle in the diencephalon. This work provides insight into how integration of multiple guidance signals defines the initial scaffold of axon tracts in the embryonic vertebrate forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gaudin
- Brain Growth and Regeneration Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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Prendergast A, Linbo TH, Swarts T, Ungos JM, McGraw HF, Krispin S, Weinstein BM, Raible DW. The metalloproteinase inhibitor Reck is essential for zebrafish DRG development. Development 2012; 139:1141-52. [PMID: 22296847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.072439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a migratory, multipotent cell lineage that contributes to myriad tissues, including sensory neurons and glia of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). To identify genes affecting cell fate specification in neural crest, we performed a forward genetic screen for mutations causing DRG deficiencies in zebrafish. This screen yielded a mutant lacking all DRG, which we named sensory deprived (sdp). We identified a total of four alleles of sdp, all of which possess lesions in the gene coding for reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein containing Kazal motifs (Reck). Reck is an inhibitor of metalloproteinases previously shown to regulate cell motility. We found reck function to be both necessary for DRG formation and sufficient to rescue the sdp phenotype. reck is expressed in neural crest cells and is required in a cell-autonomous fashion for appropriate sensory neuron formation. In the absence of reck function, sensory neuron precursors fail to migrate to the position of the DRG, suggesting that this molecule is crucial for proper migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Prendergast
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
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Gutnick A, Blechman J, Kaslin J, Herwig L, Belting HG, Affolter M, Bonkowsky JL, Levkowitz G. The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin is required for formation of the neurovascular interface of the pituitary. Dev Cell 2011; 21:642-54. [PMID: 22014522 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) is the neurovascular structure through which the hypothalamic neuropeptides oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin exit the brain into the bloodstream, where they go on to affect peripheral physiology. Here, we investigate the molecular cues that regulate the neurovascular contact between hypothalamic axons and neurohypophyseal capillaries of the zebrafish. We developed a transgenic system in which both hypothalamic axons and neurohypophyseal vasculature can be analyzed in vivo. We identified the cellular organization of the zebrafish HNS as well as the dynamic processes that contribute to formation of the HNS neurovascular interface. We show that formation of this interface is regulated during development by local release of oxytocin, which affects endothelial morphogenesis. This cell communication process is essential for the establishment of a tight axovasal interface between the neurons and blood vessels of the HNS. We present a unique example of axons affecting endothelial morphogenesis through secretion of a neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Gutnick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Hale LA, Fowler DK, Eisen JS. Netrin signaling breaks the equivalence between two identified zebrafish motoneurons revealing a new role of intermediate targets. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25841. [PMID: 22003409 PMCID: PMC3189217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously showed that equivalence between two identified zebrafish motoneurons is broken by interactions with identified muscle fibers that act as an intermediate target for the axons of these motoneurons. Here we investigate the molecular basis of the signaling interaction between the intermediate target and the motoneurons. Principal Findings We provide evidence that Netrin 1a is an intermediate target-derived signal that causes two equivalent motoneurons to adopt distinct fates. We show that although these two motoneurons express the same Netrin receptors, their axons respond differently to Netrin 1a encountered at the intermediate target. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when Netrin 1a is knocked down, more distal intermediate targets that express other Netrins can also function to break equivalence between these motoneurons. Significance Our results suggest a new role for intermediate targets in breaking neuronal equivalence. The data we present reveal that signals encountered during axon pathfinding can cause equivalent neurons to adopt distinct fates. Such signals may be key in diversifying a neuronal population and leading to correct circuit formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Hale
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Daniel K. Fowler
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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