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Cirilli I, Orlando P, Hrelia S, Marcheggiani F, Tiano L, Beghelli D, Angeloni C. Endogenous coenzyme Q content and exogenous bioavailability in D. melanogaster. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37854. [PMID: 39315151 PMCID: PMC11417581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Development and aging significantly impact the cellular levels of Coenzyme Q (CoQ), which is associated with both pathological and physiological conditions. Aim of this study was to describe the CoQ status throughout the lifetime of Drosophila melanogaster, a well-established model in aging studies. CoQ9 and CoQ distribution was analysed across different body segments and various life stages in both male and female flies. The results indicate that CoQ9 is the predominant isoform in every phase of flies' life cycle, with the highest concentrations observed in the thorax. We noted distinct trends in CoQ distribution during aging, which varied according to sex and body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen). Supplementation with two concentrations of CoQ9 and CoQ10 (15 μM and 75 μM) for 2 weeks induced a segment- and sex-specific CoQ uptake. Although 75 μM CoQ10 was more effective in modulating the CoQ status, lifelong treatment with this concentration did not affect the longevity of the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
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2
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Fasteen TD, Hernandez MR, Policastro RA, Sterrett MC, Zenter GE, Tennessen JM. The Drosophila Estrogen-Related Receptor promotes triglyceride storage within the larval fat body. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.13.612925. [PMID: 39314431 PMCID: PMC11419140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.13.612925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The Estrogen-Related Receptor (ERR) family of nuclear receptors (NRs) serve key roles in coordinating triglyceride (TAG) accumulation with juvenile growth and development. In both insects and mammals, ERR activity promotes TAG storage during the post-embryonic growth phase, with loss-of-function mutations in mouse Esrra and Drosophila melanogaster dERR inducing a lean phenotype. However, the role of insect ERRs in controlling TAG accumulation within adipose tissue remains poorly understood, as previous transcriptomic and metabolomic studies relied on whole animal analyses. Here we address this shortcoming by using tissue-specific approaches to examine the role of dERR in regulating lipid metabolism within the Drosophila larval fat body. We find that dERR autonomously promotes TAG accumulation within fat body cells and regulates expression of genes involved in glycolysis, β-oxidation, and mevalonate metabolism. As an extension of these results, we not only discovered that dERR mutant fat bodies exhibit decreased expression of known dHNF4 target genes but also found that dHNF4 activity is decreased in dERR mutants. Overall, our findings indicate that dERR plays a multifaceted role in the larval fat body to coordinate lipid storage with developmental growth and hint at a conserved mechanism by which ERR and HNF4 homologs coordinately regulate metabolic gene expression.
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3
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Steenberge LH, Rogers S, Sung AY, Fan J, Pagliarini DJ. Coenzyme Q 4 is a functional substitute for coenzyme Q 10 and can be targeted to the mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107269. [PMID: 38588811 PMCID: PMC11087978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an important cofactor and antioxidant for numerous cellular processes, and its deficiency has been linked to human disorders including mitochondrial disease, heart failure, Parkinson's disease, and hypertension. Unfortunately, treatment with exogenous CoQ10 is often ineffective, likely due to its extreme hydrophobicity and high molecular weight. Here, we show that less hydrophobic CoQ species with shorter isoprenoid tails can serve as viable substitutes for CoQ10 in human cells. We demonstrate that CoQ4 can perform multiple functions of CoQ10 in CoQ-deficient cells at markedly lower treatment concentrations, motivating further investigation of CoQ4 as a supplement for CoQ10 deficiencies. In addition, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of an initial set of compounds designed to target CoQ4 selectively to mitochondria using triphenylphosphonium. Our results indicate that select versions of these compounds can successfully be delivered to mitochondria in a cell model and be cleaved to produce CoQ4, laying the groundwork for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Steenberge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Y Sung
- University of Wisconsin Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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4
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Cesur MF, Basile A, Patil KR, Çakır T. A new metabolic model of Drosophila melanogaster and the integrative analysis of Parkinson's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201695. [PMID: 37236669 PMCID: PMC10215973 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High conservation of the disease-associated genes between flies and humans facilitates the common use of Drosophila melanogaster to study metabolic disorders under controlled laboratory conditions. However, metabolic modeling studies are highly limited for this organism. We here report a comprehensively curated genome-scale metabolic network model of Drosophila using an orthology-based approach. The gene coverage and metabolic information of the draft model derived from a reference human model were expanded via Drosophila-specific KEGG and MetaCyc databases, with several curation steps to avoid metabolic redundancy and stoichiometric inconsistency. Furthermore, we performed literature-based curations to improve gene-reaction associations, subcellular metabolite locations, and various metabolic pathways. The performance of the resulting Drosophila model (8,230 reactions, 6,990 metabolites, and 2,388 genes), iDrosophila1 (https://github.com/SysBioGTU/iDrosophila), was assessed using flux balance analysis in comparison with the other currently available fly models leading to superior or comparable results. We also evaluated the transcriptome-based prediction capacity of iDrosophila1, where differential metabolic pathways during Parkinson's disease could be successfully elucidated. Overall, iDrosophila1 is promising to investigate system-level metabolic alterations in response to genetic and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müberra Fatma Cesur
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Arianna Basile
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kiran Raosaheb Patil
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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5
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Scandella V, Petrelli F, Moore DL, Braun SMG, Knobloch M. Neural stem cell metabolism revisited: a critical role for mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:446-461. [PMID: 37380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles that are important for differentiated cells, yet considered less so for stem cells. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondria influence stem cell maintenance and fate decisions, inviting a revised look at this topic. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult brain. We summarize how mitochondria are implicated in fate regulation and how substrate oxidation affects NSC quiescence. We further explore single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for metabolic signatures of adult NSCs, highlight emerging technologies reporting on metabolic signatures, and discuss mitochondrial metabolism in other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Brischigliaro M, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Viscomi C. Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster Models. Biomolecules 2023; 13:378. [PMID: 36830747 PMCID: PMC9953451 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly-i.e., Drosophila melanogaster-has proven to be a very useful model for the understanding of basic physiological processes, such as development or ageing. The availability of straightforward genetic tools that can be used to produce engineered individuals makes this model extremely interesting for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic diseases in physiological models. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of yet-incurable genetic disorders characterized by the malfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), which is the highly conserved energy transformation system present in mitochondria. The generation of D. melanogaster models of mitochondrial disease started relatively recently but has already provided relevant information about the molecular mechanisms and pathological consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we provide an overview of such models and highlight the relevance of D. melanogaster as a model to study mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Brischigliaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Centre for the Study of Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Petridi S, Dubal D, Rikhy R, van den Ameele J. Mitochondrial respiration and dynamics of in vivo neural stem cells. Development 2022; 149:285126. [PMID: 36445292 PMCID: PMC10112913 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing and adult brain undergo many different transitions, tightly regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. While the role of signalling pathways and transcription factors is well established, recent evidence has also highlighted mitochondria as central players in NSC behaviour and fate decisions. Many aspects of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial biology change during NSC transitions, interact with signalling pathways and affect the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes. In this Spotlight, we explore recent in vivo findings, primarily from Drosophila and mammalian model systems, about the role that mitochondrial respiration and morphology play in NSC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Petridi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dnyanesh Dubal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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8
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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9
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Genetic basis of variation in cocaine and methamphetamine consumption in outbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104131118. [PMID: 34074789 PMCID: PMC8201854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104131118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We used Drosophila melanogaster to map the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in voluntary consumption of cocaine and methamphetamine. We derived an outbred advanced intercross population (AIP) from 37 sequenced inbred wild-derived lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), which are maximally genetically divergent, have minimal residual heterozygosity, are not segregating for common inversions, and are not infected with Wolbachia pipientis We assessed consumption of sucrose, methamphetamine-supplemented sucrose, and cocaine-supplemented sucrose and found considerable phenotypic variation for consumption of both drugs, in both sexes. We performed whole-genome sequencing and extreme quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping on the top 10% of consumers for each replicate, sex, and condition and an equal number of randomly selected flies. We evaluated changes in allele frequencies among high consumers and control flies and identified 3,033 variants significantly (P < 1.9 × 10-8) associated with increased consumption, located in or near 1,962 genes. Many of these genes are associated with nervous system development and function, and 77 belong to a known gene-gene interaction subnetwork. We assessed the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on drug consumption for 22 candidate genes; 17 had a significant effect in at least one sex. We constructed allele-specific AIPs that were homozygous for alternative candidate alleles for 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and measured average consumption for each population; 9 SNPs had significant effects in at least one sex. The genetic basis of voluntary drug consumption in Drosophila is polygenic and implicates genes with human orthologs and associated variants with sex- and drug-specific effects.
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10
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Coenzyme Q 10 Analogues: Benefits and Challenges for Therapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020236. [PMID: 33557229 PMCID: PMC7913973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or ubiquinone) is a mobile proton and electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties widely used as an antiaging health supplement and to relieve the symptoms of many pathological conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Even though the hegemony of CoQ10 in the context of antioxidant-based treatments is undeniable, the future primacy of this quinone is hindered by the promising features of its numerous analogues. Despite the unimpeachable performance of CoQ10 therapies, problems associated with their administration and intraorganismal delivery has led clinicians and scientists to search for alternative derivative molecules. Over the past few years, a wide variety of CoQ10 analogues with improved properties have been developed. These analogues conserve the antioxidant features of CoQ10 but present upgraded characteristics such as water solubility or enhanced mitochondrial accumulation. Moreover, recent studies have proven that some of these analogues might even outperform CoQ10 in the treatment of certain specific diseases. The aim of this review is to provide detailed information about these Coenzyme Q10 analogues, as well as their functionality and medical applications.
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11
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Abstract
Prenylquinones are isoprenoid compounds with a characteristic quinone structure and isoprenyl tail that are ubiquitous in almost all living organisms. There are four major prenylquinone classes: ubiquinone (UQ), menaquinone (MK), plastoquinone (PQ), and rhodoquinone (RQ). The quinone structure and isoprenyl tail length differ among organisms. UQ, PQ, and RQ contain benzoquinone, while MK contains naphthoquinone. UQ, MK, and RQ are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, while PQ functions in photosynthetic electron transfer. Some organisms possess two types of prenylquinones; Escherichia coli has UQ8 and MK8, and Caenorhabditis elegans has UQ9 and RQ9. Crystal structures of most of the enzymes involved in MK synthesis have been solved. Studies on the biosynthesis and functions of quinones have advanced recently, including for phylloquinone (PhQ), which has a phytyl moiety instead of an isoprenyl tail. Herein, the synthesis and applications of prenylquinones are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawamukai
- a Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science , Shimane University , Matsue , Japan
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12
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Zhu JY, Fu Y, Richman A, Zhao Z, Ray PE, Han Z. A Personalized Model of COQ2 Nephropathy Rescued by the Wild-Type COQ2 Allele or Dietary Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2607-2617. [PMID: 28428331 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016060626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have identified patients with nephrotic syndrome caused by mutations in genes involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipid component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an important antioxidant. However, the cellular mechanisms through which these mutations induce podocyte injury remain obscure. Here, we exploited the striking similarities between Drosophila nephrocytes and human podocytes to develop a Drosophila model of these renal diseases, and performed a systematic in vivo analysis assessing the role of CoQ10 pathway genes in renal function. Nephrocyte-specific silencing of Coq2, Coq6, and Coq8, which are genes involved in the CoQ10 pathway that have been associated with genetic nephrotic syndrome in humans, induced dramatic adverse changes in these cells. In particular, silencing of Coq2 led to an abnormal localization of slit diaphragms, collapse of lacunar channels, and more dysmorphic mitochondria. In addition, Coq2-deficient nephrocytes showed elevated levels of autophagy and mitophagy, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 at least partially rescued these defects. Furthermore, expressing the wild-type human COQ2 gene specifically in nephrocytes rescued the defective protein uptake, but expressing the mutant allele derived from a patient with COQ2 nephropathy did not. We conclude that transgenic Drosophila lines carrying mutations in the CoQ10 pathway genes are clinically relevant models with which to explore the pathogenesis of podocyte injury and could serve as a new platform to test novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Zhu
- Centers for Cancer and Immunology Research and
| | - Yulong Fu
- Centers for Cancer and Immunology Research and
| | | | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; and
| | - Patricio E Ray
- Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Zhe Han
- Centers for Cancer and Immunology Research and .,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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13
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Wang JB, Lu HL, St. Leger RJ. The genetic basis for variation in resistance to infection in the Drosophila melanogaster genetic reference panel. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006260. [PMID: 28257468 PMCID: PMC5352145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals vary extensively in the way they respond to disease but the genetic basis of this variation is not fully understood. We found substantial individual variation in resistance and tolerance to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae Ma549 using the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). In addition, we found that host defense to Ma549 was correlated with defense to the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa14, and several previously published DGRP phenotypes including oxidative stress sensitivity, starvation stress resistance, hemolymph glucose levels, and sleep indices. We identified polymorphisms associated with differences between lines in both their mean survival times and microenvironmental plasticity, suggesting that lines differ in their ability to adapt to variable pathogen exposures. The majority of polymorphisms increasing resistance to Ma549 were sex biased, located in non-coding regions, had moderately large effect and were rare, suggesting that there is a general cost to defense. Nevertheless, host defense was not negatively correlated with overall longevity and fecundity. In contrast to Ma549, minor alleles were concentrated in the most Pa14-susceptible as well as the most Pa14-resistant lines. A pathway based analysis revealed a network of Pa14 and Ma549-resistance genes that are functionally connected through processes that encompass phagocytosis and engulfment, cell mobility, intermediary metabolism, protein phosphorylation, axon guidance, response to DNA damage, and drug metabolism. Functional testing with insertional mutagenesis lines indicates that 12/13 candidate genes tested influence susceptibility to Ma549. Many candidate genes have homologs identified in studies of human disease, suggesting that genes affecting variation in susceptibility are conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Ling Lu
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. St. Leger
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Lee SQE, Tan TS, Kawamukai M, Chen ES. Cellular factories for coenzyme Q 10 production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28253886 PMCID: PMC5335738 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a benzoquinone present in most organisms, plays an important role in the electron-transport chain, and its deficiency is associated with various neuropathies and muscular disorders. CoQ10 is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant found in humans, and for this, it is gaining popularity in the cosmetic and healthcare industries. To meet the growing demand for CoQ10, there has been considerable interest in ways to enhance its production, the most effective of which remains microbial fermentation. Previous attempts to increase CoQ10 production to an industrial scale have thus far conformed to the strategies used in typical metabolic engineering endeavors. However, the emergence of new tools in the expanding field of synthetic biology has provided a suite of possibilities that extend beyond the traditional modes of metabolic engineering. In this review, we cover the various strategies currently undertaken to upscale CoQ10 production, and discuss some of the potential novel areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Qiu En Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsu Soo Tan
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Bailey AP, Koster G, Guillermier C, Hirst EMA, MacRae JI, Lechene CP, Postle AD, Gould AP. Antioxidant Role for Lipid Droplets in a Stem Cell Niche of Drosophila. Cell 2016; 163:340-53. [PMID: 26451484 PMCID: PMC4601084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments known as niches. During Drosophila development, glial cells provide a niche that sustains the proliferation of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) during starvation. We now find that the glial cell niche also preserves neuroblast proliferation under conditions of hypoxia and oxidative stress. Lipid droplets that form in niche glia during oxidative stress limit the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These droplets protect glia and also neuroblasts from peroxidation chain reactions that can damage many types of macromolecules. The underlying antioxidant mechanism involves diverting PUFAs, including diet-derived linoleic acid, away from membranes to the core of lipid droplets, where they are less vulnerable to peroxidation. This study reveals an antioxidant role for lipid droplets that could be relevant in many different biological contexts. Oxidative stress stimulates lipid droplet biosynthesis in a neural stem cell niche Lipid droplets protect niche and neural stem cells from damaging PUFA peroxidation PUFAs are less vulnerable to peroxidation in lipid droplets than in cell membranes
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Bailey
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Grielof Koster
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- National Resource for Imaging Mass Spectroscopy, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M A Hirst
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Claude P Lechene
- National Resource for Imaging Mass Spectroscopy, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Academic Unit of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alex P Gould
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
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16
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Mitochondrial diseases: Drosophila melanogaster as a model to evaluate potential therapeutics. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 63:60-5. [PMID: 25666557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While often presented as a single entity, mitochondrial diseases comprise a wide range of clinical, biochemical and genetic heterogeneous disorders. Among them, defects in the process of oxidative phosphorylation are the most prevalent. Despite intense research efforts, patients are still without effective treatment. An important part of the development of new therapeutics relies on predictive models of the pathology in order to assess their therapeutic potential. Since mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of progressive multisystemic disorders that can affect any organ at any time, the development of various in vivo models for the different diseases-associated genes defects will accelerate the search for effective therapeutics. Here, we review existing Drosophila melanogaster models for mitochondrial diseases, with a focus on alterations in oxidative phosphorylation, and discuss the potential of this powerful model organism in the process of drug target discovery. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Energy Metabolism Disorders and Therapies.
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17
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Zhao X, Liu Z, Li W, Li X, Shi C, Meng R, Cheng W, Jin K, Yang Z, Shi X, Guo N, Yu L. In Vitro synergy of nisin and coenzyme Q0 against Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Licitra F, Puccio H. An overview of current mouse models recapitulating coenzyme q10 deficiency syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:180-6. [PMID: 25126051 DOI: 10.1159/000362942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, is an essential lipophilic molecule present in all cellular membranes and involved in a variety of cellular functions, in particular as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and as a potent antioxidant. CoQ is synthesized endogenously through a complex metabolic pathway involving over 10 different components. Primary CoQ10 deficiency in humans, due to mutations in genes involved in CoQ biosynthesis, is a heterogeneous group of rare disorders presenting severe and complex clinical symptoms. The generation of mouse models deficient in CoQ is important to further clarify the cellular function of CoQ and to unravel the complexity in the pathophysiological consequences of CoQ deficiency. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mouse models of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Licitra
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Strasbourg, France ; Inserm, U596, Strasbourg, France ; CNRS, UMR7104, Strasbourg, France ; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France ; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Strasbourg, France ; Inserm, U596, Strasbourg, France ; CNRS, UMR7104, Strasbourg, France ; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France ; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Fernández-Ayala DJM, Jiménez-Gancedo S, Guerra I, Navas P. Invertebrate models for coenzyme q10 deficiency. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:170-9. [PMID: 25126050 DOI: 10.1159/000362751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human syndrome of coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency is a heterogeneous mitochondrial disease characterized by a diminution of CoQ content in cells and tissues that affects all the electron transport processes CoQ is responsible for, like the electron transference in mitochondria for respiration and ATP production and the antioxidant capacity that it exerts in membranes and lipoproteins. Supplementation with external CoQ is the main attempt to address these pathologies, but quite variable results have been obtained ranging from little response to a dramatic recovery. Here, we present the importance of modeling human CoQ deficiencies in animal models to understand the genetics and the pathology of this disease, although the election of an organism is crucial and can sometimes be controversial. Bacteria and yeast harboring mutations that lead to CoQ deficiency are unable to grow if they have to respire but develop without any problems on media with fermentable carbon sources. The complete lack of CoQ in mammals causes embryonic lethality, whereas other mutations produce tissue-specific diseases as in humans. However, working with transgenic mammals is time and cost intensive, with no assurance of obtaining results. Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have been used for years as organisms to study embryonic development, biogenesis, degenerative pathologies, and aging because of the genetic facilities and the speed of working with these animal models. In this review, we summarize several attempts to model reliable human CoQ deficiencies in invertebrates, focusing on mutant phenotypes pretty similar to those observed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Sandra Jiménez-Gancedo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Guerra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo Olavide - CSIC, and CIBERER Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, Spain
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Hu Y, Flockhart I, Vinayagam A, Bergwitz C, Berger B, Perrimon N, Mohr SE. An integrative approach to ortholog prediction for disease-focused and other functional studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12:357. [PMID: 21880147 PMCID: PMC3179972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mapping of orthologous genes among species serves an important role in functional genomics by allowing researchers to develop hypotheses about gene function in one species based on what is known about the functions of orthologs in other species. Several tools for predicting orthologous gene relationships are available. However, these tools can give different results and identification of predicted orthologs is not always straightforward. Results We report a simple but effective tool, the Drosophila RNAi Screening Center Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool (DIOPT; http://www.flyrnai.org/diopt), for rapid identification of orthologs. DIOPT integrates existing approaches, facilitating rapid identification of orthologs among human, mouse, zebrafish, C. elegans, Drosophila, and S. cerevisiae. As compared to individual tools, DIOPT shows increased sensitivity with only a modest decrease in specificity. Moreover, the flexibility built into the DIOPT graphical user interface allows researchers with different goals to appropriately 'cast a wide net' or limit results to highest confidence predictions. DIOPT also displays protein and domain alignments, including percent amino acid identity, for predicted ortholog pairs. This helps users identify the most appropriate matches among multiple possible orthologs. To facilitate using model organisms for functional analysis of human disease-associated genes, we used DIOPT to predict high-confidence orthologs of disease genes in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and genes in genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets. The results are accessible through the DIOPT diseases and traits query tool (DIOPT-DIST; http://www.flyrnai.org/diopt-dist). Conclusions DIOPT and DIOPT-DIST are useful resources for researchers working with model organisms, especially those who are interested in exploiting model organisms such as Drosophila to study the functions of human disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hu
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang J, Yang J, Zhou RG, Yang B, Wu YS. Alternative Synthesis of 2-(4-Benzoyl-Piperazin-1-Ylmethyl)-5, 6-Dimethoxy-3-Methyl-[1, 4]Benzoquinone. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13099411630089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The title compound was prepared by a reaction sequence starting from 2, 3, 4, 5-tetramethoxytoluene via Blanc chloromethylation reaction, oxidation and alkylation. The described method provides a good yield of the heterocyclic-Coenzyme Q analogue and is suitable for the synthesis of other analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.296 Bailong Temple, Panlong Zone, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Guang Zhou
- Institute for Drug Research and Development of Kunming Pharmaceutical Corporation, NO.141 Chunyu Road, Wuhua Zone, Kunming 650100, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.296 Bailong Temple, Panlong Zone, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Shuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.296 Bailong Temple, Panlong Zone, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
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