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Tallis J, James RS, Eyre ELJ, Shelley SP, Hill C, Renshaw D, Hurst J. Effect of high-fat diet on isometric, concentric and eccentric contractile performance of skeletal muscle isolated from female CD-1 mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1163-1176. [PMID: 38723238 PMCID: PMC11215475 DOI: 10.1113/ep091832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence inferring muscle and contractile mode-specific effects of high-fat diet (HFD), no study has yet considered the impact of HFD directly on eccentric muscle function. The present work uniquely examined the effect of 20-week HFD on the isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle function of isolated mouse soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. CD-1 female mice were randomly split into a control (n = 16) or HFD (n = 17) group and for 20 weeks consumed standard lab chow or HFD. Following this period, SOL and EDL muscles were isolated and assessments of maximal isometric force and concentric work loop (WL) power were performed. Each muscle was then subjected to either multiple concentric or eccentric WL activations. Post-fatigue recovery, as an indicator of incurred damage, was measured via assessment of concentric WL power. In the EDL, absolute concentric power and concentric power normalised to muscle mass were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.038). HFD resulted in faster concentric fatigue and reduced eccentric activity-induced muscle damage (P < 0.05). For the SOL, maximal isometric force was increased, and maximal eccentric power normalised to muscle mass and concentric fatigue were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.05). HFD effects on eccentric muscle function are muscle-specific and have little relationship with changes in isometric or concentric function. HFD has the potential to negatively affect the intrinsic concentric and eccentric power-producing capacity of skeletal muscle, but a lack of a within-muscle uniform response indicates disparate mechanisms of action which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tallis
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Rob S. James
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Emma L. J. Eyre
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Sharn P. Shelley
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Cameron Hill
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's CampusKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health & Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Josh Hurst
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Tam LM, Rand MD. Review: myogenic and muscle toxicity targets of environmental methylmercury exposure. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1645-1658. [PMID: 38546836 PMCID: PMC11105986 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A number of environmental toxicants are noted for their activity that leads to declined motor function. However, the role of muscle as a proximal toxicity target organ for environmental agents has received considerably less attention than the toxicity targets in the nervous system. Nonetheless, the effects of conventional neurotoxicants on processes of myogenesis and muscle maintenance are beginning to resolve a concerted role of muscle as a susceptible toxicity target. A large body of evidence from epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies has established that methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent developmental toxicant, with the nervous system being a preferred target. Despite its well-recognized status as a neurotoxicant, there is accumulating evidence that MeHg also targets muscle and neuromuscular development as well as contributes to the etiology of motor defects with prenatal MeHg exposure. Here, we summarize evidence for targets of MeHg in the morphogenesis and maintenance of skeletal muscle that reveal effects on MeHg distribution, myogenesis, myotube formation, myotendinous junction formation, neuromuscular junction formation, and satellite cell-mediated muscle repair. We briefly recapitulate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development and highlight the pragmatic role of alternative model organisms, Drosophila and zebrafish, in delineating the molecular underpinnings of muscle development and MeHg-mediated myotoxicity. Finally, we discuss how toxicity targets in muscle development may inform the developmental origins of health and disease theory to explain the etiology of environmentally induced adult motor deficits and accelerated decline in muscle fitness with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Ming Tam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Matthew D Rand
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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3
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Kilpiö T, Skarp S, Perjés Á, Swan J, Kaikkonen L, Saarimäki S, Szokodi I, Penninger JM, Szabó Z, Magga J, Kerkelä R. Apelin regulates skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in a high-intensity interval training model. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1437-C1450. [PMID: 38525542 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00427.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plasma apelin levels are reduced in aging and muscle wasting conditions. We aimed to investigate the significance of apelin signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses to physiological stress. Apelin knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) by treadmill running. The effects of apelin on energy metabolism were studied in primary mouse skeletal muscle myotubes and cardiomyocytes. Apelin increased mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in myotubes and promoted the expression of mitochondrial genes both in primary myotubes and cardiomyocytes. HIIT induced mild concentric cardiac hypertrophy in WT mice, whereas eccentric growth was observed in the left ventricles of apelin KO mice. HIIT did not affect myofiber size in skeletal muscles of WT mice but decreased the myofiber size in apelin KO mice. The decrease in myofiber size resulted from a fiber type switch toward smaller slow-twitch type I fibers. The increased proportion of slow-twitch type I fibers in apelin KO mice was associated with upregulation of myosin heavy chain slow isoform expression, accompanied with upregulated expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and downregulated expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Mechanistically, skeletal muscles of apelin KO mice showed defective induction of insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in response to HIIT. In conclusion, apelin is required for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle adaptation to high-intensity exercise. Promoting apelinergic signaling may have benefits in aging- or disease-related muscle wasting conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Apelin levels decline with age. This study demonstrates that in trained mice, apelin deficiency results in a switch from fast type II myofibers to slow oxidative type I myofibers. This is associated with a concomitant change in gene expression profile toward fatty acid utilization, indicating an aged-muscle phenotype in exercised apelin-deficient mice. These data are of importance in the design of exercise programs for aging individuals and could offer therapeutic target to maintain muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Kilpiö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ábel Perjés
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia Swan
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samu Saarimäki
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - István Szokodi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Wang Q, Cui C, Zhang N, Lin W, Chai S, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Hu Y, Law SW, Cheung WH. Effects of physical exercise on neuromuscular junction degeneration during ageing: A systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2024; 46:91-102. [PMID: 38817243 PMCID: PMC11137388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized chemical synapse that converts neural impulses into muscle action. Age-associated NMJ degeneration, which involves nerve terminal and postsynaptic decline, denervation, and loss of motor units, significantly contributes to muscle weakness and dysfunction. Although physical training has been shown to make substantial modifications in NMJ of both young and aged animals, the results are often influenced by methodological variables in existing studies. Moreover, there is still lack of strong consensus on the specific effects of exercise on improving the morphology and function of the ageing NMJ. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to elucidate the effects of exercise training on NMJ compartments in the elderly. We conducted a systematic review using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, employing relevant keywords. Two independent reviewers selected studies that detailed NMJ changes during exercise in ageing, written in English, and available in full text. In total, 20 papers were included. We examined the altered adaptation of the NMJ to exercise, focusing on presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and myofibers in older animals or humans. Our findings indicated that aged NMJs exhibited different adaptive responses to physical exercise compared to younger counterparts. Endurance training, compared with resistance and voluntary exercise regimens, was found to have a more pronounced effect on NMJ structural remodeling, particularly in fast twitch muscle fibers. Physical exercise was observed to promote the formation and maintenance of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters by increasing the recombinant docking protein 7 (Dok7) expression and stabilizing Agrin and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4). These insights suggest that research on exercise-related therapies could potentially attenuate the progression of neuromuscular degeneration. Translational potential of this article: This systematic review provides a detailed overview of the effects of different types of physical exercise on improving NMJ in the elderly, providing scientific support for the timely intervention of muscle degeneration in the elderly by physical exercise, and providing help for the development of new therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Can Cui
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Senlin Chai
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sheung Wai Law
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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5
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Hesketh SJ. Advancing cancer cachexia diagnosis with -omics technology and exercise as molecular medicine. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:1-15. [PMID: 38463663 PMCID: PMC10918365 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy exacerbates disease outcomes and increases mortality, whereas the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and function play pivotal roles in ensuring long-term health and overall quality-of-life. Muscle atrophy represents a significant clinical challenge, involving the continued loss of muscle mass and strength, which frequently accompany the development of numerous types of cancer. Cancer cachexia is a highly prevalent multifactorial syndrome, and although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths, there are still no approved management strategies for the disease. The etiology of this condition is based on the upregulation of systemic inflammation factors and catabolic stimuli, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of protein degradation. Numerous necessary cellular processes are disrupted by cachectic pathology, which mediate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in the net loss of muscle and organelles. However, the exact underpinning molecular mechanisms of how these changes are orchestrated are incompletely understood. Much work is still required, but structured exercise has the capacity to counteract numerous detrimental effects linked to cancer cachexia. Primarily through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and the release of myokines. As a result, muscle mass and strength increase, leading to improved mobility, and quality-of-life. This review summarises existing knowledge of the complex molecular networks that regulate cancer cachexia and exercise, highlighting the molecular interplay between the two for potential therapeutic intervention. Finally, the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is considered as a way of establishing early diagnostic biomarkers of cachectic patients.
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Hunt LC, Nyamkondiwa K, Stephan A, Jiao J, Kavdia K, Pagala V, Peng J, Demontis F. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D/eff maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.12.571303. [PMID: 38168249 PMCID: PMC10759998 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are key for regulating protein function and turnover via ubiquitination but it remains undetermined which E2s maintain proteostasis during aging. Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the Drosophila retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation. UBE2D/eff is key for proteostasis also in skeletal muscle: eff protein levels decline with aging, and muscle-specific eff knockdown causes an accelerated buildup in insoluble poly-ubiquitinated proteins (which progressively accumulate with aging) and shortens lifespan. Transgenic expression of human UBE2D2, homologous to eff, partially rescues the lifespan and proteostasis deficits caused by muscle-specific effRNAi by re-establishing the physiological levels of effRNAi-regulated proteins, which include several regulators of proteostasis. Interestingly, UBE2D/eff knockdown in young age reproduces part of the proteomic changes that normally occur in old muscles, suggesting that the decrease in UBE2D/eff protein levels that occurs with aging contributes to reshaping the composition of the muscle proteome. Altogether, these findings indicate that UBE2D/eff is a key E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that ensures protein quality control and helps maintain a youthful proteome composition during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C. Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kudzai Nyamkondiwa
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anna Stephan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianqin Jiao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kanisha Kavdia
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth Pagala
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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7
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Cikes D, Leutner M, Cronin SJF, Novatchkova M, Pfleger L, Klepochová R, Lair B, Lac M, Bergoglio C, Viguerie N, Dürnberger G, Roitinger E, Grivej M, Rullman E, Gustafsson T, Hagelkruys A, Tavernier G, Bourlier V, Knauf C, Krebs M, Kautzky-Willer A, Moro C, Krssak M, Orthofer M, Penninger JM. Gpcpd1-GPC metabolic pathway is dysfunctional in aging and its deficiency severely perturbs glucose metabolism. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:80-94. [PMID: 38238601 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a central role in the regulation of systemic metabolism during lifespan. With aging, this function is perturbed, initiating multiple chronic diseases. Our knowledge of mechanisms responsible for this decline is limited. Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1 (Gpcpd1) is a highly abundant muscle enzyme that hydrolyzes glycerophosphocholine (GPC). The physiological functions of Gpcpd1 remain largely unknown. Here we show, in mice, that the Gpcpd1-GPC metabolic pathway is perturbed in aged muscles. Further, muscle-specific, but not liver- or fat-specific, inactivation of Gpcpd1 resulted in severely impaired glucose metabolism. Western-type diets markedly worsened this condition. Mechanistically, Gpcpd1 muscle deficiency resulted in accumulation of GPC, causing an 'aged-like' transcriptomic signature and impaired insulin signaling in young Gpcpd1-deficient muscles. Finally, we report that the muscle GPC levels are markedly altered in both aged humans and patients with type 2 diabetes, displaying a high positive correlation between GPC levels and chronological age. Our findings reveal that the muscle GPCPD1-GPC metabolic pathway has an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and that it is impaired during aging, which may contribute to glucose intolerance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
| | - Michael Leutner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane J F Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Pfleger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Radka Klepochová
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Lair
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Lac
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Bergoglio
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Mihaela Grivej
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Bourlier
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Moro
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Krssak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Orthofer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- JLP health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Tower J. Markers and mechanisms of death in Drosophila. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1292040. [PMID: 38149028 PMCID: PMC10749947 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1292040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Parameters correlated with age and mortality in Drosophila melanogaster include decreased negative geotaxis and centrophobism behaviors, decreased climbing and walking speed, and darkened pigments in oenocytes and eye. Cessation of egg laying predicts death within approximately 5 days. Endogenous green fluorescence in eye and body increases hours prior to death. Many flies exhibit erratic movement hours before death, often leading to falls. Loss of intestinal barrier integrity (IBI) is assayed by feeding blue dye ("Smurf" phenotype), and Smurf flies typically die within 0-48 h. Some studies report most flies exhibit Smurf, whereas multiple groups report most flies die without exhibiting Smurf. Transgenic reporters containing heat shock gene promoters and innate immune response gene promoters progressively increase expression with age, and partly predict remaining life span. Innate immune reporters increase with age in every fly, prior to any Smurf phenotype, in presence or absence of antibiotics. Many flies die on their side or supine (on their back) position. The data suggest three mechanisms for death of Drosophila. One is loss of IBI, as revealed by Smurf assay. The second is nervous system malfunction, leading to erratic behavior, locomotor malfunction, and falls. The aged fly is often unable to right itself after a fall to a side-ways or supine position, leading to inability to access the food and subsequent dehydration/starvation. Finally, some flies die upright without Smurf phenotype, suggesting a possible third mechanism. The frequency of these mechanisms varies between strains and culture conditions, which may affect efficacy of life span interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Saldarriaga CA, Alatout MH, Khurram OU, Gransee HM, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Chloroquine impairs maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure generation in old mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1126-1134. [PMID: 37823202 PMCID: PMC10979802 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00365.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results in increased neuromuscular transmission failure and denervation of the diaphragm muscle, as well as decreased force generation across a range of motor behaviors. Increased risk for respiratory complications in old age is a major health problem. Aging impairs autophagy, a tightly regulated multistep process responsible for clearing misfolded or aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. In motor neurons, aging-related autophagy impairment may contribute to deficits in neurotransmission, subsequent muscle atrophy, and loss of muscle force. Chloroquine is commonly used to inhibit autophagy. We hypothesized that chloroquine decreases transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) in mice. Old mice (16-28 mo old; n = 26) were randomly allocated to receive intraperitoneal chloroquine (50 mg/kg) or vehicle 4 h before measuring Pdi during eupnea, hypoxia (10% O2)-hypercapnia (5% CO2) exposure, spontaneous deep breaths ("sighs"), and maximal activation elicited by bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation (Pdimax). Pdi amplitude and ventilatory parameters across experimental groups and behaviors were evaluated using a mixed linear model. There were no differences in Pdi amplitude across treatments during eupnea (∼8 cm H2O), hypoxia-hypercapnia (∼10 cm H2O), or sigh (∼36 cm H2O), consistent with prior studies documenting a lack of aging effects on ventilatory behaviors. In vehicle and chloroquine-treated mice, average Pdimax was 61 and 46 cm H2O, respectively. Chloroquine decreased Pdimax by 24% compared to vehicle (P < 0.05). There were no sex or age effects on Pdi in older mice. The observed decrease in Pdimax suggests aging-related susceptibility to impairments in autophagy, consistent with the effects of chloroquine on this important homeostatic process.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent findings suggest that autophagy plays a role in the development of aging-related neuromuscular dysfunction; however, the contribution of autophagy impairment to the maintenance of diaphragm force generation in old age is unknown. This study shows that in old mice, chloroquine administration decreases maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure generation. These chloroquine effects suggest a susceptibility to impairments in autophagy in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Saldarriaga
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Mayar H Alatout
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Obaid U Khurram
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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10
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Varland S, Silva RD, Kjosås I, Faustino A, Bogaert A, Billmann M, Boukhatmi H, Kellen B, Costanzo M, Drazic A, Osberg C, Chan K, Zhang X, Tong AHY, Andreazza S, Lee JJ, Nedyalkova L, Ušaj M, Whitworth AJ, Andrews BJ, Moffat J, Myers CL, Gevaert K, Boone C, Martinho RG, Arnesen T. N-terminal acetylation shields proteins from degradation and promotes age-dependent motility and longevity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6774. [PMID: 37891180 PMCID: PMC10611716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic proteins are N-terminally acetylated, but the functional impact on a global scale has remained obscure. Using genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in human cells, we reveal a strong genetic dependency between a major N-terminal acetyltransferase and specific ubiquitin ligases. Biochemical analyses uncover that both the ubiquitin ligase complex UBR4-KCMF1 and the acetyltransferase NatC recognize proteins bearing an unacetylated N-terminal methionine followed by a hydrophobic residue. NatC KO-induced protein degradation and phenotypes are reversed by UBR knockdown, demonstrating the central cellular role of this interplay. We reveal that loss of Drosophila NatC is associated with male sterility, reduced longevity, and age-dependent loss of motility due to developmental muscle defects. Remarkably, muscle-specific overexpression of UbcE2M, one of the proteins targeted for NatC KO-mediated degradation, suppresses defects of NatC deletion. In conclusion, NatC-mediated N-terminal acetylation acts as a protective mechanism against protein degradation, which is relevant for increased longevity and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Varland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006, Bergen, Norway.
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Rui Duarte Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ine Kjosås
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexandra Faustino
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Annelies Bogaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maximilian Billmann
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hadi Boukhatmi
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6290, 35065, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Kellen
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Michael Costanzo
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Adrian Drazic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Osberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine Chan
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Amy Hin Yan Tong
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Simonetta Andreazza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Juliette J Lee
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lyudmila Nedyalkova
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Matej Ušaj
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | | | - Brenda J Andrews
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1×8, Canada
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Boone
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0106, Japan
| | - Rui Gonçalo Martinho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Departmento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Thomas Arnesen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
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11
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Miller MJ, Marcotte GR, Basisty N, Wehrfritz C, Ryan ZC, Strub MD, McKeen AT, Stern JI, Nath KA, Rasmussen BB, Judge AR, Schilling B, Ebert SM, Adams CM. The transcription regulator ATF4 is a mediator of skeletal muscle aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:2525-2543. [PMID: 37014538 PMCID: PMC10071239 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging slowly erodes skeletal muscle strength and mass, eventually leading to profound functional deficits and muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging are not well understood. To better understand mechanisms of muscle aging, we investigated the potential role of ATF4, a transcription regulatory protein that can rapidly promote skeletal muscle atrophy in young animals deprived of adequate nutrition or activity. To test the hypothesis that ATF4 may be involved in skeletal muscle aging, we studied fed and active muscle-specific ATF4 knockout mice (ATF4 mKO mice) at 6 months of age, when wild-type mice have achieved peak muscle mass and function, and at 22 months of age, when wild-type mice have begun to manifest age-related muscle atrophy and weakness. We found that 6-month-old ATF4 mKO mice develop normally and are phenotypically indistinguishable from 6-month-old littermate control mice. However, as ATF4 mKO mice become older, they exhibit significant protection from age-related declines in strength, muscle quality, exercise capacity, and muscle mass. Furthermore, ATF4 mKO muscles are protected from some of the transcriptional changes characteristic of normal muscle aging (repression of certain anabolic mRNAs and induction of certain senescence-associated mRNAs), and ATF4 mKO muscles exhibit altered turnover of several proteins with important roles in skeletal muscle structure and metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest ATF4 as an essential mediator of skeletal muscle aging and provide new insight into a degenerative process that impairs the health and quality of life of many older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George R Marcotte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Zachary C Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew D Strub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jennifer I Stern
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Scott M Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA.
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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12
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Rajasekaran S, Ramaian Santhaseela A, Ragunathan S, Venkataraman S, Jayavelu T. Altered Lysosomal Function Manipulates Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity By Remodeling Intracellular Cholesterol Distribution. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:29-38. [PMID: 36459362 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are known to influence cholesterol trafficking into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Though intracellular cholesterol levels are known to influence the lipid biosynthetic responses in ER, the specific effects of lysosomal modulation on these outcomes is not known. To demonstrate this, C2C12 cells were treated with chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent, and its effects on cellular biosynthetic capacity, structural and functional status of ER was determined. In addition to its known effects on autophagy reduction, chloroquine treatment induced accumulation of total cellular lipid and ER-specific cholesterol content. It was also observed that chloroquine caused an increase in smooth-ER content with defects in overall protein turnover. Further, since ER and mitochondria function in close association through ER membrane contact sites, it is likely that lysosomal modulation also brings about associated changes in mitochondria. In this regard, we found that chloroquine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dynamics. Collectively, the differential biosynthetic response of rise in lipid content, but not protein content, cannot be accounted by merely considering that chloroquine induced suppression of autophagy causes defects in organelle function. In this defective autophagy scenario, both biosynthetic responses such as lipid and protein synthesis are expected to be reduced rather than only the latter, as observed with chloroquine. These findings suggest that cholesterol trafficking/distribution within cellular organelles could act as an intracellular mediator of differential biosynthetic remodelling in interconnected organelles.
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13
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Carney TD, Hebalkar RY, Edeleva E, Çiçek IÖ, Shcherbata HR. Signaling through the dystrophin glycoprotein complex affects the stress-dependent transcriptome in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286223. [PMID: 36594281 PMCID: PMC9922874 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the human dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC), which links the extracellular matrix with the intracellular cytoskeleton, cause muscular dystrophies, a group of incurable disorders associated with heterogeneous muscle, brain and eye abnormalities. Stresses such as nutrient deprivation and aging cause muscle wasting, which can be exacerbated by reduced levels of the DGC in membranes, the integrity of which is vital for muscle health and function. Moreover, the DGC operates in multiple signaling pathways, demonstrating an important function in gene expression regulation. To advance disease diagnostics and treatment strategies, we strive to understand the genetic pathways that are perturbed by DGC mutations. Here, we utilized a Drosophila model to investigate the transcriptomic changes in mutants of four DGC components under temperature and metabolic stress. We identified DGC-dependent genes, stress-dependent genes and genes dependent on the DGC for a proper stress response, confirming a novel function of the DGC in stress-response signaling. This perspective yields new insights into the etiology of muscular dystrophy symptoms, possible treatment directions and a better understanding of DGC signaling and regulation under normal and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D. Carney
- Hannover Medical School, Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover 30625, Germany,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Rucha Y. Hebalkar
- Hannover Medical School, Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | | | | | - Halyna R. Shcherbata
- Hannover Medical School, Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover 30625, Germany,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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14
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Ding M, Li H, Zheng L. Drosophila exercise, an emerging model bridging the fields of exercise and aging in human. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966531. [PMID: 36158212 PMCID: PMC9507000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is one of the most effective treatments for the diseases of aging. In recent years, a growing number of researchers have used Drosophila melanogaster to study the broad benefits of regular exercise in aging individuals. With the widespread use of Drosophila exercise models and the upgrading of the Drosophila exercise apparatus, we should carefully examine the differential contribution of regular exercise in the aging process to facilitate more detailed quantitative measurements and assessment of the exercise phenotype. In this paper, we review some of the resources available for Drosophila exercise models. The focus is on the impact of regular exercise or exercise adaptation in the aging process in Drosophila and highlights the great potential and current challenges faced by this model in the field of anti-aging research.
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15
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Ozaki M, Le TD, Inoue YH. Downregulating Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase γ in the Muscle Stimulated Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Muscle Aging-Related Phenotypes in Drosophila Adults. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081105. [PMID: 36008999 PMCID: PMC9405705 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, generated as by-products of mitochondrial electron transport, can induce damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and proteins. Here, we investigated whether the moderate accumulation of mtDNA damage in adult muscles resulted in accelerated aging-related phenotypes in Drosophila. DNA polymerase γ (Polγ) is the sole mitochondrial DNA polymerase. The muscle-specific silencing of the genes encoding the polymerase subunits resulted in the partial accumulation of mtDNA with oxidative damage and a reduction in the mtDNA copy number. This subsequently resulted in the production of abnormal mitochondria with reduced membrane potential and, consequently, a partially reduced ATP quantity in the adult muscle. Immunostaining indicated a moderate increase in autophagy and mitophagy in adults with RNA interference of Polγ (PolγRNAi) muscle cells with abnormal mitochondria. In adult muscles showing continuous silencing of Polγ, malformation of both myofibrils and mitochondria was frequently observed. This was associated with the partially enhanced activation of pro-apoptotic caspases in the muscle. Adults with muscle-specific PolγRNAi exhibited a shortened lifespan, accelerated age-dependent impairment of locomotor activity, and disturbed circadian rhythms. Our findings in this Drosophila model contribute to understanding how the accumulation of mtDNA damage results in impaired mitochondrial activity and how this contributes to muscle aging.
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16
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Huynh TKT, Mai TTT, Huynh MA, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, Dang TTP. Crucial Roles of Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase L1 in Motor Neuronal Health by Drosophila Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:257-273. [PMID: 35343238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is distributed mostly in the brain. Previous studies have shown that mutated forms or reduction of UCH-L1 are related to neurodegenerative disorders, but the mechanisms of pathogenesis are still not well understood. To study its roles in motor neuronal health, we utilized the Drosophila model in which dUCH, a homolog of human UCH-L1, was specifically knocked down in motor neurons. Results: The reduction of Drosophila ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (dUCH) in motor neurons induced excessive reactive oxygen species production and multiple aging-like phenotypes, including locomotive defects, muscle degeneration, enhanced apoptosis, and shortened longevity. In addition, there is a decrease in the density of the synaptic active zone and glutamate receptor area at the neuromuscular junction. Interestingly, all these defects were rescued by vitamin C treatment, suggesting a close association with oxidative stress. Strikingly, the knockdown of dUCH at motor neurons exhibited aberrant morphology and function of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, an increase in mitochondrial size, and overexpression of antioxidant enzymes. Innovation: This research indicates a new, possible pathogenesis of dUCH deficiency in the ventral nerve cord and peripheral nervous systems, which starts with abnormal mitochondria, leading to oxidative stress and accumulation aging-like defects in general. Conclusion: Taken together, by using the Drosophila model, our findings strongly emphasize how the UCH-L1 shortage affects motor neurons and further demonstrate the crucial roles of UCH-L1 in neuronal health. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 257-273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoa Kim Truong Huynh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Thu Mai
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Man Anh Huynh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Thao Thi Phuong Dang
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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17
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Molins B, Mesquida M, Adan A. Bioengineering approaches for modelling retinal pathologies of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101097. [PMID: 35840488 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the junctional complex of the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which is integrated by the close interaction of the retinal pigment epithelium, the Bruch's membrane, and the choriocapillaris, contribute to the loss of neuronal signalling and subsequent vision impairment in several retinal inflammatory disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Reductionist approaches into the mechanisms that underlie such diseases have been hindered by the absence of adequate in vitro models using human cells to provide the 3D dynamic architecture that enables expression of the in vivo phenotype of the oBRB. Conventional in vitro cell models are based on 2D monolayer cellular cultures, unable to properly recapitulate the complexity of living systems. The main drawbacks of conventional oBRB models also emerge from the cell sourcing, the lack of an appropriate Bruch's membrane analogue, and the lack of choroidal microvasculature with flow. In the last years, the advent of organ-on-a-chip, bioengineering, and stem cell technologies is providing more advanced 3D models with flow, multicellularity, and external control over microenvironmental properties. By incorporating additional biological complexity, organ-on-a-chip devices can mirror physiologically relevant properties of the native tissue while offering additional set ups to model and study disease. In this review we first examine the current understanding of oBRB biology as a functional unit, highlighting the coordinated contribution of the different components to barrier function in health and disease. Then we describe recent advances in the use of pluripotent stem cells-derived retinal cells, Bruch's membrane analogues, and co-culture techniques to recapitulate the oBRB. We finally discuss current advances and challenges of oBRB-on-a-chip technologies for disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Adan
- Group of Ocular Inflammation: Clinical and Experimental Studies, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Clínic de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, C/ Sabino de Arana 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Stephan A, Graca FA, Hunt LC, Demontis F. Electroporation of Small Interfering RNAs into Tibialis Anterior Muscles of Mice. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4428. [PMID: 35799907 PMCID: PMC9244496 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and wasting of skeletal muscle reduce organismal fitness. Regrettably, only limited interventions are currently available to address this unmet medical need. Many methods have been developed to study this condition, including the intramuscular electroporation of DNA plasmids. However, this technique requires surgery and high electrical fields, which cause tissue damage. Here, we report an optimized protocol for the electroporation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into the tibialis anterior muscle of mice. This protocol does not require surgery and, because of the small siRNA size, mild electroporation conditions are utilized. By inducing target mRNA knockdown, this method can be used to interrogate gene function in muscles of mice from different strains, genotypes, and ages. Moreover, a complementary method for siRNA transfection into differentiated myotubes can be used for testing siRNA efficacy before in vivo use. Altogether, this streamlined protocol is instrumental for basic science and translational studies in muscles of mice and other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stephan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Flavia A. Graca
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Liam C. Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
,
*For correspondence:
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19
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Redox Control of Signalling Responses to Contractile Activity and Ageing in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101698. [PMID: 35626735 PMCID: PMC9139227 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research over almost 40 years has established that reactive oxygen species are generated at different sites in skeletal muscle and that the generation of these species is increased by various forms of exercise. Initially, this was thought to be potentially deleterious to skeletal muscle and other tissues, but more recent data have identified key roles of these species in muscle adaptations to exercise. The aim of this review is to summarise our current understanding of these redox signalling roles of reactive oxygen species in mediating responses of muscle to contractile activity, with a particular focus on the effects of ageing on these processes. In addition, we provide evidence that disruption of the redox status of muscle mitochondria resulting from age-associated denervation of muscle fibres may be an important factor leading to an attenuation of some muscle responses to contractile activity, and we speculate on potential mechanisms involved.
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20
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Rai M, Curley M, Coleman Z, Demontis F. Contribution of proteases to the hallmarks of aging and to age-related neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13603. [PMID: 35349763 PMCID: PMC9124314 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control ensures the degradation of damaged and misfolded proteins. Derangement of proteostasis is a primary cause of aging and age-associated diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome play key roles in proteostasis but, in addition to these systems, the human genome encodes for ~600 proteases, also known as peptidases. Here, we examine the role of proteases in aging and age-related neurodegeneration. Proteases are present across cell compartments, including the extracellular space, and their substrates encompass cellular constituents, proteins with signaling functions, and misfolded proteins. Proteolytic processing by proteases can lead to changes in the activity and localization of substrates or to their degradation. Proteases cooperate with the autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems but also have independent proteolytic roles that impact all hallmarks of cellular aging. Specifically, proteases regulate mitochondrial function, DNA damage repair, cellular senescence, nutrient sensing, stem cell properties and regeneration, protein quality control and stress responses, and intercellular signaling. The capacity of proteases to regulate cellular functions translates into important roles in preserving tissue homeostasis during aging. Consequently, proteases influence the onset and progression of age-related pathologies and are important determinants of health span. Specifically, we examine how certain proteases promote the progression of Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and/or Parkinson's disease whereas other proteases protect from neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, cleavage by proteases can lead to the degradation of a pathogenic protein and hence impede disease pathogenesis. Alternatively, proteases can generate substrate byproducts with increased toxicity, which promote disease progression. Altogether, these studies indicate the importance of proteases in aging and age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Michelle Curley
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental NeurobiologySt. Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
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21
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Abstract
Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, largely due to metastases and cachexia. It is a complex disease that is commonly associated with a variety of comorbidities. With global increases in ageing populations and obesity, multimorbidity is a rapidly growing clinical issue in the context of cancer. Cancer is also genetically heterogeneous, with a tumour's unique profile determining its incidence of metastasis, degree of cachexia and response to therapeutics. These complexities of human cancer are difficult to replicate in animal models and are, in part, responsible for the failures in translational cancer research. In this Perspective, we highlight the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a powerful model organism to investigate multimorbidity and tumour diversity. We also highlight how harnessing these complexities in Drosophila can, potentially, enhance cancer research and advance therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Choutka
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Susumu Hirabayashi
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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22
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Coletti C, Acosta GF, Keslacy S, Coletti D. Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35234025 PMCID: PMC8992679 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coletti
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Gilberto F Acosta
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Interuniversity institute of Myology, Ro.
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23
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Staunton CA, Owen ED, Hemmings K, Vasilaki A, McArdle A, Barrett-Jolley R, Jackson MJ. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics identifies common pathways in nerve crush injury and ageing. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 35093178 PMCID: PMC8800362 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor unit remodelling involving repeated denervation and re-innervation occurs throughout life. The efficiency of this process declines with age contributing to neuromuscular deficits. This study investigated differentially expressed genes (DEG) in muscle following peroneal nerve crush to model motor unit remodelling in C57BL/6 J mice. Muscle RNA was isolated at 3 days post-crush, RNA libraries were generated using poly-A selection, sequenced and analysed using gene ontology and pathway tools. Three hundred thirty-four DEG were found in quiescent muscle from (26mnth) old compared with (4-6mnth) adult mice and these same DEG were present in muscle from adult mice following nerve crush. Peroneal crush induced 7133 DEG in muscles of adult and 699 DEG in muscles from old mice, although only one DEG (ZCCHC17) was found when directly comparing nerve-crushed muscles from old and adult mice. This analysis revealed key differences in muscle responses which may underlie the diminished ability of old mice to repair following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Staunton
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - E D Owen
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - K Hemmings
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - A Vasilaki
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - A McArdle
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - R Barrett-Jolley
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - M J Jackson
- MRC- Versus Arthritis Research Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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24
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Genome-Wide Analysis in Drosophila Reveals the Genetic Basis of Variation in Age-Specific Physical Performance and Response to ACE Inhibition. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010143. [PMID: 35052483 PMCID: PMC8775566 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive results in restoring physical performance in rodent models, treatment with renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, such as Lisinopril, have highly mixed results in humans, likely, in part, due to genetic variation in human populations. To date, the genetic determinants of responses to drugs, such as RAS inhibitors, remain unknown. Given the complexity of the relationship between physical traits and genetic background, genomic studies which predict genotype- and age-specific responses to drug treatments in humans or vertebrate animals are difficult. Here, using 126 genetically distinct lines of Drosophila melanogaster, we tested the effects of Lisinopril on age-specific climbing speed and endurance. Our data show that functional response and sensitivity to Lisinopril treatment ranges from significant protection against physical decline to increased weakness depending on genotype and age. Furthermore, genome-wide analyses led to identification of evolutionarily conserved genes in the WNT signaling pathway as being significantly associated with variations in physical performance traits and sensitivity to Lisinopril treatment. Genetic knockdown of genes in the WNT signaling pathway, Axin, frizzled, nemo, and wingless, diminished or abolished the effects of Lisinopril treatment on climbing speed traits. Our results implicate these genes as contributors to the genotype- and age-specific effects of Lisinopril treatment and because they have orthologs in humans, they are potential therapeutic targets for improvement of resiliency. Our approach should be widely applicable for identifying genomic variants that predict age- and sex-dependent responses to any type of pharmaceutical treatment.
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25
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Age-Related Changes of Gene Expression Profiles in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121982. [PMID: 34946931 PMCID: PMC8701748 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual’s gene expression profile changes throughout their life. This change in gene expression is shaped by differences in physiological needs and functions between the younger and older organism. Despite intensive studies, the aging process is not fully understood, and several genes involved in this process may remain to be identified. Here we report a transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster using microarrays. We compared the expression profiles of two-day-old female adult flies with those of 45-day-old flies. We identified 1184 genes with pronounced differences in expression level between young and old age groups. Most genes involved in muscle development/maintenance that display different levels of expression with age were downregulated in older flies. Many of these genes contributed to sarcomere formation and function. Several of these genes were functionally related to direct and indirect flight muscles; some of them were exclusively expressed in these muscles. Conversely, several genes involved in apoptosis processes were upregulated in aging flies. In addition, several genes involved in resistance to toxic chemicals were upregulated in aging flies, which is consistent with a global upregulation of the defense response system in aging flies. Finally, we randomly selected 12 genes among 232 genes with unknown function and generated transgenic flies expressing recombinant proteins fused with GFP protein to determine their subcellular expression. We also found that the knockdown of some of those 12 genes can affect the lifespan of flies.
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26
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Nozawa N, Noguchi M, Shinno K, Tajima M, Aizawa S, Saito T, Asada A, Ishii T, Ishizuka M, Iijima KM, Ando K. 5-Aminolevulinic acid and sodium ferrous citrate ameliorate muscle aging and extend healthspan in Drosophila. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:295-305. [PMID: 34854258 PMCID: PMC8727951 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in mitochondrial functions are associated with aging. The combination of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) improves mitochondrial functions in cultured cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with 5‐ALA and SFC (5‐ALA/SFC) on the healthspan and life span of Drosophila
melanogaster. Adult Drosophila fruit flies were fed cornmeal food containing various concentrations of 5‐ALA/SFC. Locomotor functions, life span, muscle architecture, and age‐associated changes in mitochondrial function were analyzed. We found that feeding 5‐ALA/SFC mitigated age‐associated declines in locomotor functions and extended organismal life span. Moreover, 5‐ALA/SFC preserved muscle architecture and maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential in aged animals. Since 5‐ALA phosphate/SFC is used as a human dietary supplement, our results suggest that it could be used to slow the age‐related declines in muscle functions, prevent age‐associated clinical conditions such as frailty, and extend healthspan and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nozawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Division of Pharmaceutical Research, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Noguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Kanako Shinno
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Maki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Shingo Aizawa
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Taro Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Akiko Asada
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishii
- Division of Pharmaceutical Research, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizuka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Research, SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi M Iijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Kanae Ando
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan
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27
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Graca FA, Sheffield N, Puppa M, Finkelstein D, Hunt LC, Demontis F. A large-scale transgenic RNAi screen identifies transcription factors that modulate myofiber size in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009926. [PMID: 34780463 PMCID: PMC8629395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofiber atrophy occurs with aging and in many diseases but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we have used >1,100 muscle-targeted RNAi interventions to comprehensively assess the function of 447 transcription factors in the developmental growth of body wall skeletal muscles in Drosophila. This screen identifies new regulators of myofiber atrophy and hypertrophy, including the transcription factor Deaf1. Deaf1 RNAi increases myofiber size whereas Deaf1 overexpression induces atrophy. Consistent with its annotation as a Gsk3 phosphorylation substrate, Deaf1 and Gsk3 induce largely overlapping transcriptional changes that are opposed by Deaf1 RNAi. The top category of Deaf1-regulated genes consists of glycolytic enzymes, which are suppressed by Deaf1 and Gsk3 but are upregulated by Deaf1 RNAi. Similar to Deaf1 and Gsk3 overexpression, RNAi for glycolytic enzymes reduces myofiber growth. Altogether, this study defines the repertoire of transcription factors that regulate developmental myofiber growth and the role of Gsk3/Deaf1/glycolysis in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia A. Graca
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Natalie Sheffield
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Melissa Puppa
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Liam C. Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Tsantilas KA, Cleghorn WM, Bisbach CM, Whitson JA, Hass DT, Robbings BM, Sadilek M, Linton JD, Rountree AM, Valencia AP, Sweetwyne MT, Campbell MD, Zhang H, Jankowski CSR, Sweet IR, Marcinek DJ, Rabinovitch PS, Hurley JB. An Analysis of Metabolic Changes in the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Aging Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34797906 PMCID: PMC8606884 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to present our hypothesis that aging alters metabolic function in ocular tissues. We tested the hypothesis by measuring metabolism in aged murine tissues alongside retinal responses to light. Methods Scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses in young (3–6 months) and aged (23–26 months) C57Bl/6J mice were recorded. Metabolic flux in retina and eyecup explants was quantified using U-13C-glucose or U-13C-glutamine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), O2 consumption rate (OCR) in a perifusion apparatus, and quantifying adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) with a bioluminescence assay. Results Scotopic and photopic ERG responses were reduced in aged mice. Glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, OCR, and ATP pools in retinal explants were mostly unaffected in aged mice. In eyecups, glutamine usage in the Krebs Cycle decreased while glucose metabolism, OCR, and ATP pools remained stable. Conclusions Our examination of metabolism showed negligible impact of age on retina and an impairment of glutamine anaplerosis in eyecups. The metabolic stability of these tissues ex vivo suggests age-related metabolic alterations may not be intrinsic. Future experiments should focus on determining whether external factors including nutrient supply, oxygen availability, or structural changes influence ocular metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Tsantilas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Whitney M Cleghorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Celia M Bisbach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jeremy A Whitson
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, United States
| | - Daniel T Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Brian M Robbings
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Martin Sadilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jonathan D Linton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Austin M Rountree
- UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ana P Valencia
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Connor S R Jankowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ian R Sweet
- UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - James B Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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29
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A genetic model of methionine restriction extends Drosophila health- and lifespan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110387118. [PMID: 34588310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110387118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of metabolic homeostasis is a hallmark of aging and is characterized by dramatic metabolic reprogramming. To analyze how the fate of labeled methionine is altered during aging, we applied 13C5-Methionine labeling to Drosophila and demonstrated significant changes in the activity of different branches of the methionine metabolism as flies age. We further tested whether targeted degradation of methionine metabolism components would "reset" methionine metabolism flux and extend the fly lifespan. Specifically, we created transgenic flies with inducible expression of Methioninase, a bacterial enzyme capable of degrading methionine and revealed methionine requirements for normal maintenance of lifespan. We also demonstrated that microbiota-derived methionine is an alternative and important source in addition to food-derived methionine. In this genetic model of methionine restriction (MetR), we also demonstrate that either whole-body or tissue-specific Methioninase expression can dramatically extend Drosophila health- and lifespan and exerts physiological effects associated with MetR. Interestingly, while previous dietary MetR extended lifespan in flies only in low amino acid conditions, MetR from Methioninase expression extends lifespan independently of amino acid levels in the food. Finally, because impairment of the methionine metabolism has been previously associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease, we compared methionine metabolism reprogramming between aging flies and a Drosophila model relevant to Alzheimer's disease, and found that overexpression of human Tau caused methionine metabolism flux reprogramming similar to the changes found in aged flies. Altogether, our study highlights Methioninase as a potential agent for health- and lifespan extension.
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30
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Age-Related Musculoskeletal Frailty. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910542. [PMID: 34638883 PMCID: PMC8508885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Projected life expectancy continues to grow worldwide owing to the advancement of new treatments and technologies leading to rapid growth of geriatric population. Thus, age-associated diseases especially in the musculoskeletal system are becoming more common. Loss of bone (osteoporosis) and muscle (sarcopenia) mass are conditions whose prevalence is increasing because of the change in population distribution in the world towards an older mean age. The deterioration in the bone and muscle functions can cause severe disability and seriously affects the patients’ quality of life. Currently, there is no treatment to prevent and reverse age-related musculoskeletal frailty. Existing interventions are mainly to slow down and control the signs and symptoms. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising approach to attenuate age-related musculoskeletal frailty. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the musculoskeletal frailty and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for age-related musculoskeletal frailty.
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31
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Rai M, Curley M, Coleman Z, Nityanandam A, Jiao J, Graca FA, Hunt LC, Demontis F. Analysis of proteostasis during aging with western blot of detergent-soluble and insoluble protein fractions. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100628. [PMID: 34235493 PMCID: PMC8246638 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in protein quality control are the underlying cause of age-related diseases. The western blot analysis of detergent-soluble and insoluble protein fractions has proven useful in identifying interventions that regulate proteostasis. Here, we describe the protocol for such analyses in Drosophila tissues, mouse skeletal muscle, human organoids, and HEK293 cells. We describe key adaptations of this protocol and provide key information that will help modify this protocol for future studies in other tissues and disease models. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rai et al. (2021) and Hunt el al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michelle Curley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anjana Nityanandam
- Stem Cell Core, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianqin Jiao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Flavia A. Graca
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Liam C. Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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32
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Schiffer I, Gerisch B, Kawamura K, Laboy R, Hewitt J, Denzel MS, Mori MA, Vanapalli S, Shen Y, Symmons O, Antebi A. miR-1 coordinately regulates lysosomal v-ATPase and biogenesis to impact proteotoxicity and muscle function during aging. eLife 2021; 10:e66768. [PMID: 34311841 PMCID: PMC8315803 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle function relies on the precise architecture of dynamic contractile elements, which must be fine-tuned to maintain motility throughout life. Muscle is also plastic, and remodeled in response to stress, growth, neural and metabolic inputs. The conserved muscle-enriched microRNA, miR-1, regulates distinct aspects of muscle development, but whether it plays a role during aging is unknown. Here we investigated Caenorhabditis elegans miR-1 in muscle function in response to proteostatic stress. mir-1 deletion improved mid-life muscle motility, pharyngeal pumping, and organismal longevity upon polyQ35 proteotoxic challenge. We identified multiple vacuolar ATPase subunits as subject to miR-1 control, and the regulatory subunit vha-13/ATP6V1A as a direct target downregulated via its 3'UTR to mediate miR-1 physiology. miR-1 further regulates nuclear localization of lysosomal biogenesis factor HLH-30/TFEB and lysosomal acidification. Our studies reveal that miR-1 coordinately regulates lysosomal v-ATPase and biogenesis to impact muscle function and health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Gerisch
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | | | - Raymond Laboy
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
| | - Jennifer Hewitt
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityLubbockUnited States
| | - Martin Sebastian Denzel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasBrazil
| | - Siva Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityLubbockUnited States
| | - Yidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | | | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of AgeingCologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of CologneCologneGermany
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33
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Brennan NA, Fishbein KW, Reiter DA, Ferrucci L, Spencer RG. Contribution of Intramyocellular Lipids to Decreased Computed Tomography Muscle Density With Age. Front Physiol 2021; 12:632642. [PMID: 34276390 PMCID: PMC8279780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle density, as determined by computed tomography (CT), has been shown to decline with age, resulting in increased frailty and morbidity. However, the mechanism underlying this decrease in muscle density remains elusive. We sought to investigate the role of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation in the age-related decline in muscle density. Muscle density was measured using computerized tomography (CT), and IMCL content was quantified using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). The study population consisted of 314 healthy participants (142 men, 32–98 years) of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). In addition to IMCL quantification, obesity-related covariates were measured, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and circulating triglyceride concentration. Higher IMCL concentrations were significantly correlated with lower muscle density in older individuals, independent of age, sex, race, and the obesity-associated covariates (p < 0.01). Lower muscle density was also significantly associated with greater age-adjusted IMCL, a variable we constructed using LOESS regression (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the accumulation of IMCL may be associated with a decrease in muscle density. This may serve to define a potential therapeutic target for treatment of age-associated decreased muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Brennan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David A Reiter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Moustogiannis A, Philippou A, Taso O, Zevolis E, Pappa M, Chatzigeorgiou A, Koutsilieris M. The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073721. [PMID: 33918414 PMCID: PMC8038215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of myogenesis gradually deteriorates as the skeletal muscle ages, contributing to muscle mass loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of senescence/aging on skeletal myogenesis, in vitro. A model of multiple cell divisions of C2C12 myoblasts was used to replicate cell senescence. Control and aged myoblasts were investigated during myogenesis, i.e., at days 0, 2, and 6of differentiation. SA-β-gal activity and comet assay were used as markers of aging and DNA damage. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize potential differences in cell cycle between control and aged cells. Alterations in the mRNA and/or protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), IGF-1 isoforms, apoptotic, atrophy, inflammatory, metabolic and aging-related factors were evaluated. Compared with the control cells, aged myoblasts exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, increased SA-β-gal activity, and increased expression of aging-related factors p16 and p21 during differentiation. Moreover, aged myoblasts showed a reduction in the expression of MRFs and metabolic/anabolic factors, along with an increased expression of apoptotic, atrophy and inflammatory factors. A diminished differentiation capacity characterized the aged myoblasts which, in combination with the induction of apoptotic and atrophy factors, indicated a disrupted myogenic lineage in the senescent muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Moustogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462690; Fax: +30-210-7462571
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Orjona Taso
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Evangelos Zevolis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Pappa
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
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35
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Lee B, Shin C, Shin M, Choi B, Yuan C, Cho KS. The linear ubiquitin E3 ligase-Relish pathway is involved in the regulation of proteostasis in Drosophila muscle during aging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:184-190. [PMID: 33706102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is an atypic ubiquitination process that directly connects the N- and C-termini of ubiquitin and is catalyzed by HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP). It is involved in the immune response or apoptosis by activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway and is associated with polyglucosan body myopathy 1, an autosomal recessive disorder with progressive muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. However, little is currently known regarding the function of linear ubiquitination in muscles. Here, we investigated the role of linear ubiquitin E3 ligase (LUBEL), a DrosophilaHOIP ortholog, in the development and aging of muscles. The muscles of the flies with down-regulation of LUBEL or its downstream factors, kenny and Relish, developed normally, and there were no obvious abnormalities in function in young flies. However, the locomotor activity of the LUBEL RNAi flies was reduced compared to age-matched control, while LUBEL RNAi did not affect the increased mitochondrial fusion or myofiber disorganization during aging. Interestingly, the accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein aggregation during aging decreased in muscles by silencing LUBEL, kenny, or Relish. Meanwhile, the levels of autophagy and global translation, which are implicated in the maintenance of proteostasis, did not change due to LUBEL down-regulation. In conclusion, we propose a new role of linear ubiquitination in proteostasis in the muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changmin Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeongcheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoungyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chunyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Hunt LC, Schadeberg B, Stover J, Haugen B, Pagala V, Wang YD, Puglise J, Barton ER, Peng J, Demontis F. Antagonistic control of myofiber size and muscle protein quality control by the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 during aging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1418. [PMID: 33658508 PMCID: PMC7930053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a degenerative condition that consists in age-induced atrophy and functional decline of skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). A common hypothesis is that inducing myofiber hypertrophy should also reinstate myofiber contractile function but such model has not been extensively tested. Here, we find that the levels of the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 increase in skeletal muscle with aging, and that UBR4 increases the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Importantly, muscle-specific UBR4 loss rescues age-associated myofiber atrophy in mice. However, UBR4 loss reduces the muscle specific force and accelerates the decline in muscle protein quality that occurs with aging in mice. Similarly, hypertrophic signaling induced via muscle-specific loss of UBR4/poe and of ESCRT members (HGS/Hrs, STAM, USP8) that degrade ubiquitinated membrane proteins compromises muscle function and shortens lifespan in Drosophila by reducing protein quality control. Altogether, these findings indicate that these ubiquitin ligases antithetically regulate myofiber size and muscle protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bronwen Schadeberg
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jared Stover
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Benard Haugen
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth Pagala
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Puglise
- College of Health & Human Performance Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- College of Health & Human Performance Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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37
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Maintenance of type 2 glycolytic myofibers with age by Mib1-Actn3 axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1294. [PMID: 33637766 PMCID: PMC7910585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition associated with loss of muscle mass and function with age that contributes to limitation of mobility and locomotion. However, the underlying mechanisms of how intrinsic muscle changes with age are largely unknown. Here we report that, with age, Mind bomb-1 (Mib1) plays important role in skeletal muscle maintenance via proteasomal degradation-dependent regulation of α-actinin 3 (Actn3). The disruption of Mib1 in myofibers (Mib1ΔMF) results in alteration of type 2 glycolytic myofibers, muscle atrophy, impaired muscle function, and Actn3 accumulation. After chronic exercise, Mib1ΔMF mice show muscle atrophy even at young age. However, when Actn3 level is downregulated, chronic exercise-induced muscle atrophy is ameliorated. Importantly, the Mib1 and Actn3 levels show clinical relevance in human skeletal muscles accompanied by decrease in skeletal muscle function with age. Together, these findings reveal the significance of the Mib1-Actn3 axis in skeletal muscle maintenance with age and suggest the therapeutic potential for the treatment or amelioration of age-related muscle atrophy.
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38
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Yoshihara T, Natsume T, Tsuzuki T, Chang SW, Kakigi R, Machida S, Sugiura T, Naito H. Long-term physical inactivity exacerbates hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy in young rat soleus muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1214-1225. [PMID: 33600278 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00494.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of long-term physical inactivity in adolescent on subsequent hindlimb unloading-induced muscle atrophy in rat soleus muscle. First, 3-wk-old male Wistar rats were assigned to an age-matched control (n = 6) or a physical inactivity (n = 8) group. Rats in the physical inactivity group were housed in narrow cages with approximately half the usual floor space for 8 wk to limit range of movement. Whole body energy consumption was measured, and the blood, organs, femoral bone, and hindlimb muscles were removed. We found that long-term physical inactivity did not affect the metabolic and physiological characteristics of growing rats. Then, fifty-six 3-wk-old male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into control (n = 28) and physical inactivity (n = 28) groups. After 8 wk, the rats in both groups underwent hindlimb unloading. The soleus muscles were removed before unloading (0 day), and 1, 3, and 7 days after unloading (n = 7 for each). Although the soleus muscle weight was significantly decreased after 7 days of hindlimb unloading in both groups, the decrease was drastic in the inactive group. A significant interaction between inactivity and unloading (P < 0.01) was observed according to the 4-hydroxynonenal-conjugated protein levels and the histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and NF-κB protein levels. HDAC4 and NF-κB p65 protein levels in the physical inactivity group increased significantly 1 day after hindlimb unloading, along with the mRNA levels of their downstream targets myogenin and muscle RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1). Subsequent protein ubiquitination was upregulated by long-term physical inactivity (P < 0.05).NEW & NOTEWORTHY Long-term physical inactivity exacerbates hindlimb unloading-induced disuse muscle atrophy in young rat soleus muscles, possibly mediated by oxidative stress-induced protein ubiquitination via HDAC4- and NF-κB p65-induced MuRF1 mRNA upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Natsume
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shuo-Wen Chang
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Management & Information Sciences, Josai International University, Togane, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiura
- Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
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39
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Harper C, Gopalan V, Goh J. Exercise rescues mitochondrial coupling in aged skeletal muscle: a comparison of different modalities in preventing sarcopenia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33593349 PMCID: PMC7885447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is associated with a decline in motor function and loss of muscle mass- a condition known as sarcopenia. The underlying mechanisms that drive this pathology are associated with a failure in energy generation in skeletal muscle, either from age-related decline in mitochondrial function, or from disuse. To an extent, lifelong exercise is efficacious in preserving the energetic properties of skeletal muscle and thus may delay the onset of sarcopenia. This review discusses the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during the aging process and how different exercise modalities work to reverse these changes. A key factor that will be described is the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling—ATP production relative to O2 uptake in myocytes and how that efficiency is a main driver for age-associated decline in skeletal muscle function. With that, we postulate the most effective exercise modality and protocol for reversing the molecular hallmarks of skeletal muscle aging and staving off sarcopenia. Two other concepts pertinent to mitochondrial efficiency in exercise-trained skeletal muscle will be integrated in this review, including- mitophagy, the removal of dysfunctional mitochondrial via autophagy, as well as the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Harper
- Clinical Translation Unit (CTU), Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
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40
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Börsch A, Ham DJ, Mittal N, Tintignac LA, Migliavacca E, Feige JN, Rüegg MA, Zavolan M. Molecular and phenotypic analysis of rodent models reveals conserved and species-specific modulators of human sarcopenia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:194. [PMID: 33580198 PMCID: PMC7881157 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, affects 5-13% of individuals aged over 60 years. While rodents are widely-used model organisms, which aspects of sarcopenia are recapitulated in different animal models is unknown. Here we generated a time series of phenotypic measurements and RNA sequencing data in mouse gastrocnemius muscle and analyzed them alongside analogous data from rats and humans. We found that rodents recapitulate mitochondrial changes observed in human sarcopenia, while inflammatory responses are conserved at pathway but not gene level. Perturbations in the extracellular matrix are shared by rats, while mice recapitulate changes in RNA processing and autophagy. We inferred transcription regulators of early and late transcriptome changes, which could be targeted therapeutically. Our study demonstrates that phenotypic measurements, such as muscle mass, are better indicators of muscle health than chronological age and should be considered when analyzing aging-related molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Börsch
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Ham
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lionel A Tintignac
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jérôme N Feige
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
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41
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Ichhaporia VP, Hendershot LM. Role of the HSP70 Co-Chaperone SIL1 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041564. [PMID: 33557244 PMCID: PMC7913895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface and secreted proteins provide essential functions for multicellular life. They enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen co-translationally, where they mature and fold into their complex three-dimensional structures. The ER is populated with a host of molecular chaperones, associated co-factors, and enzymes that assist and stabilize folded states. Together, they ensure that nascent proteins mature properly or, if this process fails, target them for degradation. BiP, the ER HSP70 chaperone, interacts with unfolded client proteins in a nucleotide-dependent manner, which is tightly regulated by eight DnaJ-type proteins and two nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), SIL1 and GRP170. Loss of SIL1′s function is the leading cause of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder. The development of animal models has provided insights into SIL1′s functions and MSS-associated pathologies. This review provides an in-depth update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIL1′s NEF activity and its role in maintaining ER homeostasis and normal physiology. A precise understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the loss of SIL1 may allow for the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat MSS.
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42
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Wiedmer P, Jung T, Castro JP, Pomatto LC, Sun PY, Davies KJ, Grune T. Sarcopenia - Molecular mechanisms and open questions. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101200. [PMID: 33130247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a muscle-wasting syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength occurring during normal aging. Sarcopenia patients are mainly suffering from the loss in muscle strength and are faced with mobility disorders reducing their quality of life and are, therefore, at higher risk for morbidity (falls, bone fracture, metabolic diseases) and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms have been described as causes for sarcopenia that refer to very different levels of muscle physiology. These mechanisms cover e. g. function of hormones (e. g. IGF-1 and Insulin), muscle fiber composition and neuromuscular drive, myo-satellite cell potential to differentiate and proliferate, inflammatory pathways as well as intracellular mechanisms in the processes of proteostasis and mitochondrial function. In this review, we describe sarcopenia as a muscle-wasting syndrome distinct from other atrophic diseases and summarize the current view on molecular causes of sarcopenia development as well as open questions provoking further research efforts for establishing efficient lifestyle and therapeutic interventions.
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43
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An insight on Drosophila myogenesis and its assessment techniques. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9849-9863. [PMID: 33263930 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Movement assisted by muscles forms the basis of various behavioural traits seen in Drosophila. Myogenesis involves developmental processes like cellular specification, differentiation, migration, fusion, adherence to tendons and neuronal innervation in a series of coordinated event well defined in body space and time. Gene regulatory networks are switched on-off, fine tuning at the right developmental stage to assist each cellular event. Drosophila is a holometabolous organism that undergoes myogenesis waves at two developmental stages, and is ideal for comparative analysis of the role of genes and genetic pathways conserved across phyla. In this review we have summarized myogenic events from the embryo to adult focussing on the somatic muscle development during the early embryonic stage and then on indirect flight muscles (IFM) formation required for adult life, emphasizing on recent trends of analysing muscle mutants and advances in Drosophila muscle biology.
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44
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A Theacrine-Based Supplement Increases Cellular NAD + Levels and Affects Biomarkers Related to Sirtuin Activity in C2C12 Muscle Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123727. [PMID: 33287129 PMCID: PMC7761648 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence in rodents to suggest that theacrine-based supplements modulate tissue sirtuin activity as well as other biological processes associated with aging. Herein, we examined if a theacrine-based supplement (termed NAD3) altered sirtuin activity in vitro while also affecting markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. The murine C2C12 myoblast cell line was used for experimentation. Following 7 days of differentiation, myotubes were treated with 0.45 mg/mL of NAD3 (containing ~2 mM theacrine) for 3 and 24 h (n = 6 treatment wells per time point). Relative to control (CTL)-treated cells, NAD3 treatments increased (p < 0.05) Sirt1 mRNA levels at 3 h, as well as global sirtuin activity at 3 and 24 h. Follow-up experiments comparing 24 h NAD3 or CTL treatments indicated that NAD3 increased nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and SIRT1 protein levels (p < 0.05). Cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels were also elevated nearly two-fold after 24 h of NAD3 versus CTL treatments (p < 0.001). Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were minimally affected. Although these data are limited to select biomarkers in vitro, these preliminary findings suggest that a theacrine-based supplement can modulate select biomarkers related to NAD+ biogenesis and sirtuin activity. However, these changes did not drive increases in mitochondrial biogenesis. While promising, these data are limited to a rodent cell line and human muscle biopsy studies are needed to validate and elucidate the significance of these findings.
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Zullo A, Frisso G, Carsana A. Influence of physical activity on structure and function of the RyR1 calcium channel: a systematic review. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jackson MJ. On the mechanisms underlying attenuated redox responses to exercise in older individuals: A hypothesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:326-338. [PMID: 33099002 PMCID: PMC7754707 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Responding appropriately to exercise is essential to maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function at all ages and particularly during aging. Here, a hypothesis is presented that a key component of the inability of skeletal muscle to respond effectively to exercise in aging is a denervation-induced failure of muscle redox signalling. This novel hypothesis proposes that an initial increase in oxidation in muscle mitochondria leads to a paradoxical increase in the reductive state of specific cysteines of signalling proteins in the muscle cytosol that suppresses their ability to respond to normal oxidising redox signals during exercise. The following are presented for consideration:Transient loss of integrity of peripheral motor neurons occurs repeatedly throughout life and is normally rapidly repaired by reinnervation, but this repair process becomes less efficient with aging. Each transient loss of neuromuscular integrity leads to a rapid, large increase in mitochondrial peroxide production in the denervated muscle fibers and in neighbouring muscle fibers. This peroxide may initially act to stimulate axonal sprouting and regeneration, but also stimulates retrograde mitonuclear communication to increase expression of a range of cytoprotective proteins in an attempt to protect the fiber and neighbouring tissues against oxidative damage. The increased peroxide within mitochondria does not lead to an increased cytosolic peroxide, but the increases in adaptive cytoprotective proteins include some located to the muscle cytosol which modify the local cytosol redox environment to induce a more reductive state in key cysteines of specific signalling proteins. Key adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise involve transient peroxiredoxin oxidation as effectors of redox signalling in the cytosol. This requires sensitive oxidation of key cysteine residues. In aging, the chronic change to a more reductive cytosolic environment prevents the transient oxidation of peroxiredoxin 2 and hence prevents essential adaptations to exercise, thus contributing to loss of muscle mass and function. Experimental approaches suitable for testing the hypothesis are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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Yoshihara T, Naito H. Protective effects of acute exercise preconditioning on disuse-induced muscular atrophy in aged muscle: a narrative literature review. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:55. [PMID: 33246401 PMCID: PMC10717045 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in frailty and lower quality of life in older individuals. At present, a standard of clinical or pharmacological care to prevent the adverse effects of aging does not exist. Determining the mechanism(s) responsible for muscular atrophy in disused aged muscle is a required key step for the development of effective countermeasures. Studies suggest an age-related differential response of genes and signalings to muscle disuse in both rodents and humans, implying the possibility that effective countermeasures to prevent disuse muscle atrophy may be age-specific. Notably, exercise preconditioning can attenuate disuse-induced muscular atrophy in rodent and human skeletal muscles; however, information on age-specific mechanisms of this exercise-induced protection remains limited. This mini-review aimed to summarize the protective effects of acute exercise preconditioning on muscular atrophy in aged muscle and provide potential mechanisms for its preventive effect on skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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Nardi M, Baldelli S, Ciriolo MR, Costanzo P, Procopio A, Colica C. Oleuropein Aglycone Peracetylated (3,4-DHPEA-EA(P)) Attenuates H 2O 2-Mediated Cytotoxicity in C2C12 Myocytes via Inactivation of p-JNK/p-c-Jun Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:E5472. [PMID: 33238414 PMCID: PMC7700591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein, a glycosylated secoiridoid present in olive leaves, is known to be an important antioxidant phenolic compound. We studied the antioxidant effect of low doses of oleuropein aglycone (3,4-DHPEA-EA) and oleuropein aglycone peracetylated (3,4-DHPEA-EA(P)) in murine C2C12 myocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Both compounds were used at a concentration of 10 μM and were able to inhibit cell death induced by the H2O2 treatment, with 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) being more. Under our experimental conditions, H2O2 efficiently induced the phosphorylated-active form of JNK and of its downstream target c-Jun. We demonstrated, by Western blot analysis, that 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) was efficient in inhibiting the phospho-active form of JNK. This data suggests that the growth arrest and cell death of C2C12 proceeds via the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) affects the myogenesis of C2C12 cells; because MyoD mRNA levels and the differentiation process are restored with 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) after treatment. Overall, the results indicate that 3,4-DHPEA-EA(P) prevents ROS-mediated degenerative process by functioning as an efficient antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy; (P.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy; (P.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy; (P.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Carmela Colica
- CNR, IBFM UOS, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy;
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Circulating Interleukin-6 (but Not Other Immune Mediators) Associates with Criteria for Fried's Frailty among Very Old Adults. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:6831791. [PMID: 33489375 PMCID: PMC7803140 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6831791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods One hundred and sixty-one very old patients (aged ≥80 years) devoid of cognitive decline were eligible for analyses. Clinical and biochemical data along with physical and cognitive assessments encompassing dual-energy X-ray scans and hand dynamometry were adopted to investigate frailty criteria, while circulating immune mediators (IFNγ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) were assessed using high-throughput flow cytometry. Results Preliminarily, IL-6 correlated positively with waist-to-hip ratio and C-reactive protein and negatively with glycemia. In analyses controlled for these factors, serum levels of IL-6 were comparatively augmented among the very old participants with reduced grip strength (OR = 3.299; 95% CI 1.08–6.09; p=0.032) and among those with slow walk speed (OR = 2.460; 95% CI 1.16–7.05; p=0.022). Conclusions Our study shows a strong negative correlation of IL-6 levels with Fried's frailty components of grip strength and walk speed in very old adults, regardless of confounding factors.
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Kobayashi Y, Tanaka T, Mulati M, Ochi H, Sato S, Kaldis P, Yoshii T, Okawa A, Inose H. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 Is Essential for Muscle Regeneration and Overload Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564581. [PMID: 33163487 PMCID: PMC7591635 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cell proliferation is an essential step in proper skeletal muscle development and muscle regeneration. However, the mechanisms regulating satellite cell proliferation are relatively unknown compared to the knowledge associated with the differentiation of satellite cells. Moreover, it is still unclear whether overload muscle fiber hypertrophy is dependent on satellite cell proliferation. In general, cell proliferation is regulated by the activity of cell cycle regulators, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Despite recent reports on the function of CDKs and CDK inhibitors in satellite cells, the physiological role of Cdk1 in satellite cell proliferation remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that Cdk1 regulates satellite cell proliferation, muscle regeneration, and muscle fiber hypertrophy. Cdk1 is highly expressed in myoblasts and is downregulated upon myoblast differentiation. Inhibition of CDK1 activity inhibits myoblast proliferation. Deletion of Cdk1 in satellite cells leads to inhibition of muscle recovery after muscle injury due to reduced satellite cell proliferation in vivo. Finally, we provide direct evidence that Cdk1 expression in satellite cells is essential for overload muscle fiber hypertrophy in vivo. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Cdk1 is essential for myoblast proliferation, muscle regeneration, and muscle fiber hypertrophy. These findings could help to develop treatments for refractory muscle injuries and muscle atrophy, such as sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mieradilli Mulati
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inose
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Research, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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