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Chaklai A, Rhea EM, O'Niel A, Babin A, Weaver R, Pemberton S, Banks WA, Raber J. Effects of a high-fat diet on cognition and brain distribution of intranasal insulin in E3 and E4 male and female mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18641. [PMID: 39128931 PMCID: PMC11317510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There are genetic and environmental risk factors that contribute to the development of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some of these include the genetic predisposition of the apolipoprotein E4 genotype, consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), and the female sex. Brain insulin receptor resistance and deficiency have also been shown to be associated with AD and cognitive impairment. Intranasal (INL) insulin enhances cognition in AD, but the response varies due to genotype, diet, and sex. We investigated here the combination of these risk factors in a humanized mouse model, expressing E3 or E4, following a HFD in males and females on cognitive performance and the brain distribution of insulin following INL delivery. The HFD had a negative effect on survival in male mice only, requiring sex to be collapsed. We found many genotype, diet, and genotype x diet effects in anxiety-related tasks. We further found beneficial effects of INL insulin in our memory tests, with the most important findings showing a beneficial effect of INL insulin in mice on a HFD. We found insulin distribution throughout the brain after INL delivery was largely unaffected by diet and genotype, indicating these susceptible groups can still receive adequate levels of insulin following INL delivery. Our findings support the involvement of brain insulin signaling in cognition and highlight continuing efforts investigating mechanisms resulting from treatment with INL insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Chaklai
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Abigail O'Niel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alice Babin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Riley Weaver
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Sarah Pemberton
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Justice MJ. Sex matters in preclinical research. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050759. [PMID: 38450661 PMCID: PMC10941654 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
International Women's Day 2024 has a theme of inclusion. As publishers of preclinical research, we aim to show how inclusion of females in research advances scientific rigor and improves treatment reliability. Sexual reproduction is key to all life across the plant and animal kingdoms. Biological sex takes many forms that are morphologically differentiated during development: stamens versus pistils in plants; color and plumage in birds; fallopian tubes versus vas deferens in mammals; and differences in size, for instance, males are smaller in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Physical differences may be obvious, but many traits may be more obscure, including hormonal, physiological and metabolic factors. These traits have a big influence on disease and responses to treatment. Thus, we call for improved inclusion, analysis and reporting of sex as a biological variable in preclinical animal modeling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J. Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
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First person – Payel Kundu. Dis Model Mech 2022. [DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Payel Kundu is first author on ‘ Xanthohumol improves cognition in farnesoid X receptor-deficient mice on a high-fat diet’, published in DMM. Payel conducted the research described in this article while a postdoctoral fellow in Jacob Raber's lab at Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. She is now a health scientist in the lab of Sharlee More at Cardno ChemRisk, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA, intervening on metabolism to promote healthy cognitive ageing and reduce the detrimental effects of consumption of a Western diet.
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