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Huang Y, Wang J, Jiang C, Zheng M, Han M, Fang Q, Liu Y, Li R, Zhong L, Li Z. ANXA2 promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits cellular senescence of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in high glucose conditions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18064. [PMID: 39308808 PMCID: PMC11416082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are a major component of the periodontal ligament and have an important role in the regeneration of periodontal tissue and maintenance of homeostasis. High glucose can affect the activity and function of PDLCs in a variety of ways; therefore, it is particularly important to find ways to alleviate the effects of high glucose on PDLCs. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein involved in a variety of cellular functions and processes, including cellular cytokinesis, cytophagy, migration, and proliferation. Aim The aim of this study was to exploring whether ANXA2 attenuates the deleterious effects of high glucose on PDLCs and promotes osteogenic differentiation capacity. Methods and results Osteogenic differentiation potential, cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and cellular autophagy were detected. Culturing PDLCs with medium containing different glucose concentrations (CTRL, 8 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM, and 40 mM) revealed that high glucose decreased the protein expression of ANXA2 (p < 0.0001). In addition, high glucose decreased the osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLCs as evidenced by decreased calcium deposition (p = 0.0003), lowered ALP activity (p = 0.0010), and a decline in the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (p = 0.0008). Moreover, β-Galactosidase staining and expression of p16, p21 and p53 genes showed that it increased cellular senescence in PDLCs (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile high glucose increased oxidative stress in PDLCs as shown by ROS (p < 0.0001). However, these damages caused by high glucose were inhibited after the addition of 1 µM recombinant ANXA2 (rANXA2), and we found that rANXA2 enhanced autophagy in PDLCs under high glucose conditions. Conclusions and discussion Therefore, our present study demonstrates that alterations in ANXA2 under high glucose conditions may be a factor in the decreased osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLCs. Meanwhile, ANXA2 is associated with autophagy, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence under high glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaye Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minghe Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, No.904 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingfang Han
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhao Liu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ru Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjun Zhong
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehui Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Xu K, Huang RQ, Wen RM, Yao TT, Cao Y, Chang B, Cheng Y, Yi XJ. Annexin A family: A new perspective on the regulation of bone metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117271. [PMID: 39121589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption are critical processes in bone metabolism. Annexin A, a calcium-phospholipid binding protein, regulates the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, and has gradually become a marker gene for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. As calcium channel proteins, the annexin A family members are closely associated with mechanical stress, which can target annexins A1, A5, and A6 to promote bone cell differentiation. Despite the significant clinical potential of annexin A family members in bone metabolism, few studies have reported on these mechanisms. Therefore, based on a review of relevant literature, this article elaborates on the specific functions and possible mechanisms of annexin A family members in bone metabolism to provide new ideas for their application in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Rui-Qi Huang
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Rui-Ming Wen
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Yao
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heifei, Anhui 230012, China.
| | - Bo Chang
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
| | - Xue-Jie Yi
- School of Sports Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110102, China.
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3
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Mroczek J, Pikula S, Suski S, Weremiejczyk L, Biesaga M, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A. Apigenin Modulates AnxA6- and TNAP-Mediated Osteoblast Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13179. [PMID: 36361965 PMCID: PMC9658728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralization-competent cells like osteoblasts and chondrocytes release matrix vesicles (MVs) which accumulate Ca2+ and Pi, creating an optimal environment for apatite formation. The mineralization process requires the involvement of proteins, such as annexins (Anx) and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as low molecular-weight compounds. Apigenin, a flavonoid compound, has been reported to affect bone metabolism, but there are doubts about its mechanism of action under physiological and pathological conditions. In this report, apigenin potency to modulate annexin A6 (AnxA6)- and TNAP-mediated osteoblast mineralization was explored using three cell lines: human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19, human osteosarcoma Saos-2, and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells HCASMC. We compared the mineralization competence, the morphology and composition of minerals, and the protein distribution in control and apigenin-treated cells and vesicles. The mineralization ability was monitored by AR-S/CPC analysis, and TNAP activity was determined by ELISA assay. Apigenin affected the mineral structure and modulated TNAP activity depending on the concentration. We also observed increased mineralization in Saos-2 cells. Based on TEM-EDX, we found that apigenin influenced the mineral composition. This flavonoid also disturbed the intracellular distribution of AnxA6 and TNAP, especially blocking AnxA6 aggregation and TNAP attachment to the membrane, as examined by FM analysis of cells and TEM-gold analysis of vesicles. In summary, apigenin modulates the mineralization process by regulating AnxA6 and TNAP, as well as through various effects on normal and cancer bone tissues or atherosclerotic soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mroczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilianna Weremiejczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Biesaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Klabklai P, Phetfong J, Tangporncharoen R, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Tawonsawatruk T, Supokawej A. Annexin A2 Improves the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exposed to High-Glucose Conditions through Lessening the Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012521. [PMID: 36293376 PMCID: PMC9604334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is frequently found in chronic diabetic patients, and it results in an increased risk of bone fractures occurring. The underlying mechanism of osteoporosis in diabetic patients is still largely unknown. Annexin A2 (ANXA2), a family of calcium-binding proteins, has been reported to be involved in many biological process including bone remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the role of ANXA2 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during in vitro osteoinduction under high-glucose concentrations. Osteogenic gene expression, calcium deposition, and cellular senescence were determined. The high-glucose conditions reduced the osteogenic differentiation potential of the MSCs along with the lower expression of ANXA2. Moreover, the high-glucose conditions increased the cellular senescence of the MSCs as determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and the expression of p16, p21, and p53 genes. The addition of recombinant ANXA2 could recover the glucose-induced deterioration of the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs and ameliorate the glucose-induced cellular senescence of the MSCs. A Western blot analysis revealed an increase in p53 and phosphorylated p53 (Ser 15), which was decreased by recombinant ANXA2 in MSC osteoblastic differentiation under high-glucose conditions. Our study suggested that the alteration of ANXA2 in high-glucose conditions may be one of the plausible factors in the deterioration of bones in diabetic patients by triggering cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Klabklai
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jitrada Phetfong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Rattanawan Tangporncharoen
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +66-2-441-4380
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5
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Broggini C, Abril N, Carranza J, Membrillo A. Evaluation of candidate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in blood from red deer developing antlers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16264. [PMID: 36171416 PMCID: PMC9519901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection favors male traits that increase their ability to monopolize the breeding access to several females. Deer antlers are cranial appendages that regenerate annually in males. Throughout life, the phenology of antler growth advances and antler mass increases until the stag reaches, between 8 and 10 years old, maximum body mass and highest reproductive success. The molecular mechanisms of antler development are of great interest in both evolutionary and regenerative medicine studies. To minimize errors in the assessment of gene expression levels by qRT-PCR, we analyzed the stability of a panel of eight candidate reference genes and concluded that qRT-PCR normalization to three stable genes is strongly convenient in experiments performed in red deer antler blood. To validate our proposal, we compared the expression level of three genes linked to red deer antler growth (ANXA2, APOD and TPM1) in fifteen male red deer classified as young (up to 4 years old) and adults (4–6 years old). Our data confirms that B2M, ACTB and RPLP0 are valuable reference genes for future gene expression studies in red deer antler blood, which would provide increased insight into the effects of intrinsic factors that determine antler development in red deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Broggini
- Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP-UCO), University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Carranza
- Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP-UCO), University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Membrillo
- Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP-UCO), University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
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6
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TRIM21-regulated Annexin A2 plasma membrane trafficking facilitates osteosarcoma cell differentiation through the TFEB-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:21. [PMID: 33414451 PMCID: PMC7790825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, which is characterized by dysfunctional autophagy and poor differentiation. Our recent studies have suggested that the tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) plays a crucial role in regulating OS cell senescence and proliferation via interactions with several proteins. Yet, its implication in autophagy and differentiation in OS is largely unknown. In the present study, we first showed that TRIM21 could promote OS cell autophagy, as determined by the accumulation of LC3-II, and the degradation of cargo receptor p62. Further, we were able to identify that Annexin A2 (ANXA2), as a novel interacting partner of TRIM21, was critical for TIRM21-induced OS cell autophagy. Although TRIM21 had a negligible effect on the mRNA and protein expressions of ANXA2, we did find that TRIM21 facilitated the translocation of ANXA2 toward plasma membrane (PM) in OS cells through a manner relying on TRIM21-mediated cell autophagy. This functional link has been confirmed by observing a nice co-expression of TRIM21 and ANXA2 (at the PM) in the OS tissues. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRIM21, via facilitating the ANXA2 trafficking at the PM, enabled to release the transcription factor EB (TFEB, a master regulator of autophagy) from the ANXA2-TFEB complex, which in turn entered into the nucleus for the regulation of OS cell autophagy. In accord with previous findings that autophagy plays a critical role in the control of differentiation, we also demonstrated that autophagy inhibited OS cell differentiation, and that the TRIM21/ANXA2/TFEB axis is implicated in OS cell differentiation through the coordination with autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest that the TRIM21/ANXA2/TFEB axis is involved in OS cell autophagy and subsequent differentiation, indicating that targeting this signaling axis might lead to a new clue for OS treatment.
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7
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Mohanram Y, Zhang J, Tsiridis E, Yang XB. Comparing bone tissue engineering efficacy of HDPSCs, HBMSCs on 3D biomimetic ABM-P-15 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:715-730. [PMID: 32820463 PMCID: PMC7548016 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) has been the gold standard for bone regeneration. However, the low proliferation rate and long doubling time limited its clinical applications. This study aims to compare the bone tissue engineering efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) with HBMSCs in 2D, and 3D anorganic bone mineral (ABM) coated with a biomimetic collagen peptide (ABM-P-15) for improving bone-forming speed and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The multipotential of both HDPSCs and HBMSCs have been compared in vitro. The bone formation of HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 was tested using in vivo model. The osteogenic potential of the cells was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistological staining for osteogenic markers. Enhanced ALP, collagen, lipid droplet, or glycosaminoglycans production were visible in HDPSCs and HBMSCs after osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic induction. HDPSC showed stronger ALP staining compared to HBMSCs. Confocal images showed more viable HDPSCs on both ABM-P-15 and ABM scaffolds compared to HBMSCs on similar scaffolds. ABM-P-15 enhanced cell attachment/spreading/bridging formation on ABM-P-15 scaffolds and significantly increased quantitative ALP specific activities of the HDPSCs and HBMSCs. After 8 weeks in vivo implantation in diffusion chamber model, the HDPSCs on ABM-P-15 scaffolds showed extensive high organised collagenous matrix formation that was positive for COL-I and OCN compared to ABM alone. In conclusion, the HDPSCs have a higher proliferation rate and better osteogenic capacity, which indicated the potential of combining HDPSCs with ABM-P-15 scaffolds for improving bone regeneration speed and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Mohanram
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xuebin B Yang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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8
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Alfieri R, Vassalli M, Viti F. Flow-induced mechanotransduction in skeletal cells. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:729-743. [PMID: 31529361 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body is subject to many and variegated mechanical stimuli, actuated in different ranges of force, frequency, and duration. The process through which cells "feel" forces and convert them into biochemical cascades is called mechanotransduction. In this review, the effects of fluid shear stress on bone cells will be presented. After an introduction to present the major players in bone system, we describe the mechanoreceptors in bone tissue that can feel and process fluid flow. In the second part of the review, we present an overview of the biological processes and biochemical cascades initiated by fluid shear stress in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Alfieri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" - National Research Council (IGM-CNR), Via Abbiategrasso, 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics - National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics - National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
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9
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Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Romiszewska M, Bozycki L, Mebarek S, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Buchet R, Pikula S. Src and ROCK Kinases Differentially Regulate Mineralization of Human Osteosarcoma Saos-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122872. [PMID: 31212828 PMCID: PMC6628028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts initiate bone mineralization by releasing matrix vesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix (ECM). MVs promote the nucleation process of apatite formation from Ca2+ and Pi in their lumen and bud from the microvilli of osteoblasts during bone development. Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) as well as annexins (among them, AnxA6) are abundant proteins in MVs that are engaged in mineralization. In addition, sarcoma proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein (Src) kinase and Rho-associated coiled-coil (ROCK) kinases, which are involved in vesicular transport, may also regulate the mineralization process. Upon stimulation in osteogenic medium containing 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (AA) and 7.5 mM of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells initiated mineralization, as evidenced by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining, TNAP activity, and the partial translocation of AnxA6 from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. The addition of 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine (PP2), which is an inhibitor of Src kinase, significantly inhibited the mineralization process when evaluated by the above criteria. In contrast, the addition of (R)-(+)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexane carboxamide hydrochloride (Y-27632), which is an inhibitor of ROCK kinase, did not affect significantly the mineralization induced in stimulated Saos-2 cells as denoted by AR-S and TNAP activity. In conclusion, mineralization by human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells seems to be differently regulated by Src and ROCK kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Romiszewska
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- NSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France.
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Joanna Bandorowicz-Pikula
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rene Buchet
- Université de Lyon, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université Lyon 1, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- NSA de Lyon, CEDEX 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- CPE Lyon, CEDEX 69616 Villeurbanne, France.
- ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, CEDEX 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Blaser MC, Aikawa E. Roles and Regulation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Mineral Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:187. [PMID: 30622949 PMCID: PMC6308298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a multifaceted disease that is a leading independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have identified a calcification-prone population of extracellular vesicles as the putative elementary units of vascular microcalcification in diseased heart valves and vessels. Their action is highly context-dependent; extracellular vesicles released by smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages may promote or inhibit mineralization, depending on the phenotype of their originating cells and/or the extracellular environment to which they are released. In particular, emerging roles for vesicular microRNAs, bioactive lipids, metabolites, and protein cargoes in driving this pro-calcific switch underpin the necessity of innovative strategies to employ next-generation sequencing and omics technologies in order to better understand the pathobiology of these nano-sized entities. Furthermore, a recent body of work has emerged that centers on the novel re-purposing of extracellular vesicles and exosomes as potential therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular calcification. This review aims to highlight the role of extracellular vesicles as constituents of cardiovascular calcification and summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the biophysical nature of vesicle accumulation, aggregation, and mineralization. We also comprehensively discuss the latest evidence that extracellular vesicles act as key mediators and regulators of cell/cell communication, osteoblastic/osteoclastic differentiation, and cell/matrix interactions in cardiovascular tissues. Lastly, we highlight the importance of robust vesicle isolation and characterization when studying these phenomena, and offer a brief primer on working with cardiovascular applications of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Blaser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Abdallah D, Skafi N, Hamade E, Borel M, Reibel S, Vitale N, El Jamal A, Bougault C, Laroche N, Vico L, Badran B, Hussein N, Magne D, Buchet R, Brizuela L, Mebarek S. Effects of phospholipase D during cultured osteoblast mineralization and bone formation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5923-5935. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Abdallah
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Rafic Hariri‐Hadath‐Beirut‐Liban Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE‐EDST Beirut Lebanon
| | - Najwa Skafi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Rafic Hariri‐Hadath‐Beirut‐Liban Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE‐EDST Beirut Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Rafic Hariri‐Hadath‐Beirut‐Liban Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE‐EDST Beirut Lebanon
| | - Mathieu Borel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
| | | | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR‐3212 and Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Alaeddine El Jamal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, Campus Santé Innovation, INSERM UMR 1059, Sainbiose, LBTO Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, Campus Santé Innovation, INSERM UMR 1059, Sainbiose, LBTO Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Bassam Badran
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Rafic Hariri‐Hadath‐Beirut‐Liban Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE‐EDST Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nader Hussein
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Rafic Hariri‐Hadath‐Beirut‐Liban Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE‐EDST Beirut Lebanon
| | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
| | - Rene Buchet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS Lyon France
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12
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Davies OG, Cox SC, Williams RL, Tsaroucha D, Dorrepaal RM, Lewis MP, Grover LM. Annexin-enriched osteoblast-derived vesicles act as an extracellular site of mineral nucleation within developing stem cell cultures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12639. [PMID: 28974747 PMCID: PMC5626761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as natural delivery vehicles capable of enhancing tissue regeneration could represent an exciting new phase in medicine. We sought to define the capacity of EVs derived from mineralising osteoblasts (MO-EVs) to induce mineralisation in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures and delineate the underlying biochemical mechanisms involved. Strikingly, we show that the addition of MO-EVs to MSC cultures significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase, as well as the rate and volume of mineralisation beyond the current gold-standard, BMP-2. Intriguingly, these effects were only observed in the presence of an exogenous phosphate source. EVs derived from non-mineralising osteoblasts (NMO-EVs) were not found to enhance mineralisation beyond the control. Comparative label-free LC-MS/MS profiling of EVs indicated that enhanced mineralisation could be attributed to the delivery of bridging collagens, primarily associated with osteoblast communication, and other non-collagenous proteins to the developing extracellular matrix. In particular, EV-associated annexin calcium channelling proteins, which form a nucleational core with the phospholipid-rich membrane and support the formation of a pre-apatitic mineral phase, which was identified using infrared spectroscopy. These findings support the role of EVs as early sites of mineral nucleation and demonstrate their value for promoting hard tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. .,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - S C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - R L Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Tsaroucha
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - R M Dorrepaal
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - M P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - L M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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13
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Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bozycki L, Mebarek S, Buchet R, Pikula S. Characteristics of minerals in vesicles produced by human osteoblasts hFOB 1.19 and osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells stimulated for mineralization. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 171:100-107. [PMID: 28380345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells control initial steps of mineralization by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and releasing vesicles that trigger apatite nucleation. Using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDX) we compared the quality of minerals in vesicles produced by two distinct human cell lines: fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19 and osteosarcoma Saos-2. Both cell lines, subjected to osteogenic medium with ascorbic acid (AA) and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), undergo the entire osteoblastic differentiation program from proliferation to mineralization, produce the ECM and spontaneously release vesicles. We observed that Saos-2 cells mineralized better than hFOB 1.19, as probed by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining, tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and by analyzing the composition of minerals in vesicles. Vesicles released from Saos-2 cells contained and were surrounded by more minerals than vesicles released from hFOB 1.19. In addition, there were more F and Cl substituted apatites in vesicles from hFOB 1.19 than in those from Saos-2 cells as determined by ion ratios. Saos-2 and h-FOB 1.19 cells revealed distinct mineralization profiles, indicating that the process of mineralization may proceed differently in various types of cells. Our findings suggest that TNAP activity is correlated with the relative proportions of mineral-filled vesicles and mineral-surrounded vesicles. The origin of vesicles and their properties predetermine the onset of mineralization at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelecka-Kiliszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Rene Buchet
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; INSA de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; CPE Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; ICBMS CNRS UMR 5246, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Li DH, He CR, Liu FP, Li J, Gao JW, Li Y, Xu WD. Annexin A2, up-regulated by IL-6, promotes the ossification of ligament fibroblasts from ankylosing spondylitis patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:674-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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15
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Investigation of the Cell Surface Proteome of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1947157. [PMID: 27579043 PMCID: PMC4989088 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1947157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the cell surface proteome of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) compared to human fibroblasts. Cell surface proteins were prelabelled with CyDye before processing to extract the membrane lysates, which were separated using 2D electrophoresis. Selected differentially expressed protein “spots” were identified using Mass spectrometry. Four proteins were selected for validation: CD73, CD90, Annexin A2, and sphingosine kinase 1 previously associated with mesenchymal stem cells. Flow cytometric analysis found that CD73 and CD90 were highly expressed by human PDLSC and gingival fibroblasts but not by keratinocytes, indicating that these antigens could be used as potential markers for distinguishing between mesenchymal cells and epithelial cell populations. Annexin A2 was also found to be expressed at low copy number on the cell surface of human PDLSC and gingival fibroblasts, while human keratinocytes lacked any cell surface expression of Annexin A2. In contrast, sphingosine kinase 1 expression was detected in all the cell types examined using immunocytochemical analysis. These proteomic studies form the foundation to further define the cell surface protein expression profile of PDLSC in order to better characterise this cell population and help develop novel strategies for the purification of this stem cell population.
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16
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Krohn JB, Hutcheson JD, Martínez-Martínez E, Aikawa E. Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular calcification: expanding current paradigms. J Physiol 2016; 594:2895-903. [PMID: 26824781 PMCID: PMC4887674 DOI: 10.1113/jp271338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major contributor to the progression of cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. New evidence on the mechanisms of mineralization identified calcification-competent extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells and macrophages as the mediators of calcification in diseased heart valves and atherosclerotic plaques. However, the regulation of EV release and the mechanisms of interaction between EVs and the extracellular matrix leading to the formation of destabilizing microcalcifications remain unclear. This review focuses on current limits in our understanding of EVs in cardiovascular disease and opens up new perspectives on calcific EV biogenesis, release and functions within and beyond vascular calcification. We propose that, unlike bone-derived matrix vesicles, a large population of EVs implicated in cardiovascular calcification are of exosomal origin. Moreover, the milieu-dependent loading of EVs with microRNA and calcification inhibitors fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein suggests a novel role for EVs in intercellular communication, adding a new mechanism to the pathogenesis of vascular mineralization. Similarly, the cell type-dependent enrichment of annexins 2, 5 or 6 in calcifying EVs posits one of several emerging factors implicated in the regulation of EV release and calcifying potential. This review aims to emphasize the role of EVs as essential mediators of calcification, a major determinant of cardiovascular mortality. Based on recent findings, we pinpoint potential targets for novel therapies to slow down the progression and promote the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona B Krohn
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Ruiz JL, Weinbaum S, Aikawa E, Hutcheson JD. Zooming in on the genesis of atherosclerotic plaque microcalcifications. J Physiol 2016; 594:2915-27. [PMID: 27040360 DOI: 10.1113/jp271339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence conclusively demonstrates that calcium burden is a significant predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. These observations have challenged the previously held notion that calcification serves to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque. Recent studies have shown that microcalcifications that form within the fibrous cap of the plaques lead to the accrual of plaque-destabilizing mechanical stress. Given the association between calcification morphology and cardiovascular outcomes, it is important to understand the mechanisms leading to calcific mineral deposition and growth from the earliest stages. We highlight the open questions in the field of cardiovascular calcification and include a review of the proposed mechanisms involved in extracellular vesicle-mediated mineral deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ruiz
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheldon Weinbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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The Annexin a2 Promotes Development in Arthritis through Neovascularization by Amplification Hedgehog Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150363. [PMID: 26963384 PMCID: PMC4786284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neovascularization network of pannus formation plays a crucial role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Annexin a2 (Axna2) is an important mediating agent that induces angiogenesis in vascular diseases. The correlation between Axna2 and pannus formation has not been studied. Here, we provided evidence that compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy people, the expression of Axna2 and Axna2 receptor (Axna2R) were up-regulated in patients with RA. Joint swelling, inflammation and neovascularization were increased significantly in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that were exogenously added Axna2. Cell experiments showed that Axna2 promoted HUVEC proliferation by binding Axna2R, and could activate Hedgehog (HH) signaling and up-regulate the expression of Ihh and Gli. Besides, expression of Ihh, Patched (Ptc), Smoothened (Smo) and Gli and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), angiogenic growth factor of HH signaling downstream, were down-regulated after inhibition of expression Axna2R on HUVEC. Together, our research definitely observed that over-expression of Axna2 could promote the development of CIA, especially during the process of pannus formation for the first time. Meanwhile, Axna2 depended on combining Axna2R to activate and enlarge HH signaling and the expression of its downstream VEGF, Ang-2 and MMP-2 to promote HUVEC proliferation, and eventually caused to angiogenesis. Therefore, the role of Axna2 is instructive for understanding the development of RA, suppress the effect of Axna2 might provide a new potential measure for treatment of RA.
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Inserra I, Martelli C, Cipollina M, Cicione C, Iavarone F, Taranto GD, Barba M, Castagnola M, Desiderio C, Lattanzi W. Lipoaspirate fluid proteome: A preliminary investigation by LC-MS top-down/bottom-up integrated platform of a high potential biofluid in regenerative medicine. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1015-26. [PMID: 26719138 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lipoaspirate fluid (LAF) is emerging as a potentially valuable source in regenerative medicine. In particular, our group recently demonstrated that it is able to exert osteoinductive properties in vitro. This original observation stimulated the investigation of the proteomic component of LAF, by means of LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS top-down/bottom-up integrated approach, which represents the object of the present study. Top-down analyses required the optimization of sample pretreatment procedures to enable the correct investigation of the intact proteome. Bottom-up analyses have been directly applied to untreated samples after monodimensional SDS-PAGE separation. The analysis of the acid-soluble fraction of LAF by top-down approach allowed demonstrating the presence of albumin and hemoglobin fragments (i.e. VV- and LVV-hemorphin-7), thymosins β4 and β10 peptides, ubiquitin and acyl-CoA binding protein; adipogenesis regulatory factor, perilipin-1 fragments, and S100A6, along with their PTMs. Part of the bottom-up proteomic profile was reproducibly found in both tested samples. The bottom-up approach allowed demonstrating the presence of proteins, listed among the components of adipose tissue and/or comprised within the ASCs intracellular content and secreted proteome. Our data provide a first glance on the LAF molecular profile, which is consistent with its tissue environment. LAF appeared to contain bioactive proteins, peptides and paracrine factors, suggesting its potential translational exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Inserra
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cipollina
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cicione
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Taranto
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Biologia Cellulare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Banca del Tessuto Muscolo-Scheletrico della Regione Lazio, Università Cattolica del, Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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20
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Qian G, Fan W, Ahlemeyer B, Karnati S, Baumgart-Vogt E. Peroxisomes in Different Skeletal Cell Types during Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification and Their Regulation during Osteoblast Differentiation by Distinct Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143439. [PMID: 26630504 PMCID: PMC4668026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification defects leading to craniofacial dysmorphism or rhizomelia are typical phenotypes in patients and corresponding knockout mouse models with distinct peroxisomal disorders. Despite these obvious skeletal pathologies, to date no careful analysis exists on the distribution and function of peroxisomes in skeletal tissues and their alterations during ossification. Therefore, we analyzed the peroxisomal compartment in different cell types of mouse cartilage and bone as well as in primary cultures of calvarial osteoblasts. The peroxisome number and metabolism strongly increased in chondrocytes during endochondral ossification from the reserve to the hypertrophic zone, whereas in bone, metabolically active osteoblasts contained a higher numerical abundance of this organelle than osteocytes. The high abundance of peroxisomes in these skeletal cell types is reflected by high levels of Pex11β gene expression. During culture, calvarial pre-osteoblasts differentiated into secretory osteoblasts accompanied by peroxisome proliferation and increased levels of peroxisomal genes and proteins. Since many peroxisomal genes contain a PPAR-responsive element, we analyzed the gene expression of PPARɑ/ß/ɣ in calvarial osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells, revealing higher levels for PPARß than for PPARɑ and PPARɣ. Treatment with different PPAR agonists and antagonists not only changed the peroxisomal compartment and associated gene expression, but also induced complex alterations of the gene expression patterns of the other PPAR family members. Studies in M3CT3-E1 cells showed that the PPARß agonist GW0742 activated the PPRE-mediated luciferase expression and up-regulated peroxisomal gene transcription (Pex11, Pex13, Pex14, Acox1 and Cat), whereas the PPARß antagonist GSK0660 led to repression of the PPRE and a decrease of the corresponding mRNA levels. In the same way, treatment of calvarial osteoblasts with GW0742 increased in peroxisome number and related gene expression and accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that PPARß regulates the numerical abundance and metabolic function of peroxisomes via Pex11ß in parallel to osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Qian
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Fan
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ahlemeyer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Azanitrile Cathepsin K Inhibitors: Effects on Cell Toxicity, Osteoblast-Induced Mineralization and Osteoclast-Mediated Bone Resorption. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132513. [PMID: 26168340 PMCID: PMC4500499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The cysteine protease cathepsin K (CatK), abundantly expressed in osteoclasts, is responsible for the degradation of bone matrix proteins, including collagen type 1. Thus, CatK is an attractive target for new anti-resorptive osteoporosis therapies, but the wider effects of CatK inhibitors on bone cells also need to be evaluated to assess their effects on bone. Therefore, we selected, among a series of synthetized isothiosemicarbazides, two molecules which are highly selective CatK inhibitors (CKIs) to test their effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Research Design and Methods Cell viability upon treatment of CKIs were was assayed on human osteoblast-like Saos-2, mouse monocyte cell line RAW 264.7 and mature mouse osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow. Osteoblast-induced mineralization in Saos-2 cells and in mouse primary osteoblasts from calvaria, with or without CKIs,; were was monitored by Alizarin Red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity, while osteoclast-induced bone resorption was performed on bovine slices. Results Treatments with two CKIs, CKI-8 and CKI-13 in human osteoblast-like Saos-2, murine RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with RANKL and mouse osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow stimulated with RANKL and MCSF were found not to be toxic at doses of up to 100 nM. As probed by Alizarin Red staining, CKI-8 did not inhibit osteoblast-induced mineralization in mouse primary osteoblasts as well as in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. However, CKI-13 led to a reduction in mineralization of around 40% at 10–100 nM concentrations in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells while it did not in primary cells. After a 48-hour incubation, both CKI-8 and CKI-13 decreased bone resorption on bovine bone slices. CKI-13 was more efficient than the commercial inhibitor E-64 in inhibiting bone resorption induced by osteoclasts on bovine bone slices. Both CKI-8 and CKI-13 created smaller bone resorption pits on bovine bone slices, suggesting that the mobility of osteoclasts was slowed down by the addition of CKI-8 and CKI-13. Conclusion CKI-8 and CKI-13 screened here show promise as antiresorptive osteoporosis therapeutics but some off target effects on osteoblasts were found with CKI-13.
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22
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Vollmer N, King KB, Ayers R. Biologic Potential of Calcium Phosphate Biopowders Produced via Decomposition Combustion Synthesis. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2015; 41:7735-7744. [PMID: 26034341 PMCID: PMC4448779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the biologic potential of calcium phosphate (CaP) biopowders produced with a novel reaction synthesis system. Decomposition combustion synthesis (DCS) is a modified combustion synthesis method capable of producing CaP powders for use in bone tissue engineering applications. During DCS, the stoichiometric ratio of reactant salt to fuel was adjusted to alter product chemistry and morphology. In vitro testing methods were utilized to determine the effects of controlling product composition on cytotoxicity, proliferation, biocompatibility and biomineralization. In vitro, human fetal osteoblasts (ATCC, CRL-11372) cultured with CaP powder displayed a flattened morphology, and uniformly encompassed the CaP particulates. Matrix vesicles containing calcium and phosphorous budded from the osteoblast cells. CaP powders produced via DCS are a source of biologically active, synthetic, bone graft substitute materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vollmer
- George S. Ansell Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - K B King
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - R Ayers
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
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23
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Santhakumar R, Vidyasekar P, Verma RS. Cardiogel: a nano-matrix scaffold with potential application in cardiac regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114697. [PMID: 25521816 PMCID: PMC4270637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Dimensional conditions for the culture of Bone Marrow-derived Stromal/Stem Cells (BMSCs) can be generated with scaffolds of biological origin. Cardiogel, a cardiac fibroblast-derived Extracellular Matrix (ECM) has been previously shown to promote cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSCs and provide protection against oxidative stress. To determine the matrix composition and identify significant proteins in cardiogel, we investigated the differences in the composition of this nanomatrix and a BMSC-derived ECM scaffold, termed as ‘mesogel’. An optimized protocol was developed that resulted in efficient decellularization while providing the maximum yield of ECM. The proteins were sequentially solubilized using acetic acid, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Dithiothreitol (DTT). These proteins were then analyzed using surfactant-assisted in-solution digestion followed by nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). The results of these analyses revealed significant differences in their respective compositions and 17 significant ECM/matricellular proteins were differentially identified between cardiogel and mesogel. We observed that cardiogel also promoted cell proliferation, adhesion and migration while enhancing cardiomyogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. In conclusion, we developed a reproducible method for efficient extraction and solubilization of in vitro cultured cell-derived extracellular matrix. We report several important proteins differentially identified between cardiogel and mesogel, which can explain the biological properties of cardiogel. We also demonstrated the cardiomyogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential of cardiogel even in the absence of any external growth factors. The transplantation of Bone Marrow derived Stromal/Stem Cells (BMSCs) cultured on such a nanomatrix has potential applications in regenerative therapy for Myocardial Infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Santhakumar
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanna Vidyasekar
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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Genetos DC, Wong A, Weber TJ, Karin NJ, Yellowley CE. Impaired osteoblast differentiation in annexin A2- and -A5-deficient cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107482. [PMID: 25222280 PMCID: PMC4164658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a class of calcium-binding proteins with diverse functions in the regulation of lipid rafts, inflammation, fibrinolysis, transcriptional programming and ion transport. Within bone, they are well-characterized as components of mineralizing matrix vesicles, although little else is known as to their function during osteogenesis. We employed shRNA to generate annexin A2 (AnxA2)- or annexin A5 (AnxA5)-knockdown pre-osteoblasts, and determined whether proliferation or osteogenic differentiation was altered in knockdown cells, compared to pSiren (Si) controls. We report that DNA content, a marker of proliferation, was significantly reduced in both AnxA2 and AnxA5 knockdown cells. Alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were also suppressed in AnxA2- or AnxA5-knockdown after 14 days of culture. The pattern of osteogenic gene expression was altered in knockdown cells, with Col1a1 expressed more rapidly in knock-down cells, compared to pSiren. In contrast, Runx2, Ibsp, and Bglap all revealed decreased expression after 14 days of culture. In both AnxA2- and AnxA5-knockdown, interleukin-induced STAT6 signaling was markedly attenuated compared to pSiren controls. These data suggest that AnxA2 and AnxA5 can influence bone formation via regulation of osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and responsiveness to cytokines in addition to their well-studied function in matrix vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Weber
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Karin
- Systems Toxicology, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jung Y, Wang J, Lee E, McGee S, Berry JE, Yumoto K, Dai J, Keller ET, Shiozawa Y, Taichman RS. Annexin 2-CXCL12 interactions regulate metastatic cell targeting and growth in the bone marrow. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:197-207. [PMID: 25139998 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Annexin 2 (ANXA2) plays a critical role in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) localization to the marrow niche. In part, ANXA2 supports HSCs by serving as an anchor for stromal-derived factor-1 (CXCL12/SDF-1). Recently, it was demonstrated that prostate cancer cells, like HSCs, use ANXA2 to establish metastases in marrow. The present study determined the capacity of ANXA2 expression by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to facilitate tumor recruitment and growth through ANXA2-CXCL12 interactions. Significantly more CXCL12 was expressed by BMSC(Anxa2) (+/+) than by BMSC(Anxa2) (-/-) resulting in more prostate cancer cells migrating and binding to BMSC(Anxa2) (+/+) than BMSC(Anxa2) (-/-), and these activities were reduced when CXCL12 interactions were blocked. To further confirm that BMSC signaling through ANXA2-CXCL12 plays a critical role in tumor growth, immunocompromised SCID mice were subcutaneously implanted with human prostate cancer cells mixed with BMSC(Anxa2) (+/+) or BMSC(Anxa2) (-/-). Significantly larger tumors grew in the mice when the tumors were established with BMSC(Anxa2) (+/+) compared with the tumors established with BMSC(Anxa2) (-/-). In addition, fewer prostate cancer cells underwent apoptosis when cocultured with BMSC(Anxa2) (+/+) compared with BMSC(Anxa2) (-/-), and similar results were obtained in tumors grown in vivo. Finally, significantly more vascular structures were observed in the tumors established with the BMSC(Anxa2) (+/+) compared with the tumors established with BMSC(Anxa2) (-/-). Thus, ANXA2-CXCL12 interactions play a crucial role in the recruitment, growth, and survival of prostate cancer cells in the marrow. IMPLICATIONS The tumor microenvironment interaction between ANXA2-CXCL12 is critical for metastatic phenotypes and may impact chemotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Jung
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eunsohl Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha McGee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Janice E Berry
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Kawao N, Tamura Y, Okumoto K, Yano M, Okada K, Matsuo O, Kaji H. Tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency delays bone repair: roles of osteoblastic proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E278-88. [PMID: 24918201 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Further development in research of bone regeneration is necessary to meet the clinical demand for bone reconstruction. Recently, we reported that plasminogen is crucial for bone repair through enhancement of vessel formation. However, the details of the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the bone repair process still remain unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of plasminogen activators on bone repair after a femoral bone defect using tPA-deficient (tPA(-/-)) and uPA-deficient (uPA(-/-)) mice. Bone repair of the femur was delayed in tPA(-/-) mice, unlike that in wild-type (tPA(+/+)) mice. Conversely, the bone repair was comparable between wild-type (uPA(+/+)) and uPA(-/-) mice. The number of proliferative osteoblasts was decreased at the site of bone damage in tPA(-/-) mice. Moreover, the proliferation of primary calvarial osteoblasts was reduced in tPA(-/-) mice. Recombinant tPA facilitated the proliferation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The proliferation enhanced by tPA was antagonized by the inhibition of endogenous annexin 2 by siRNA and by the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Vessel formation as well as the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were decreased at the damaged site in tPA(-/-) mice. Our results provide novel evidence that tPA is crucial for bone repair through the facilitation of osteoblast proliferation related to annexin 2 and ERK1/2 as well as enhancement of vessel formation related to VEGF and HIF-1α at the site of bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Yukinori Tamura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Katsumi Okumoto
- Life Science Research Institute, Kinki University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Kiyotaka Okada
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan; and
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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Bi M, Yang T, Wang J. Proteomic profiling of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells upon transforming LIM mineralization protein-1 stimulation. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:285-97. [PMID: 24468833 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) can differentiate into different types of cells and thus have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation, maturation and bone formation. To determine a global effect of LMP-1 on hPDMSCs, we designed a study using a proteomic approach combined with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of LMP-1 to identify LMP-1-induced changes in hPDMSCs on proteome level. We have generated proteome maps of undifferentiated hPDMSCs and LMP-1 induced hPDMSCs. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots with at least 2.0-fold changes in expression and 15 differently expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The proteins regulated by LMP-1 included cytoskeletal proteins, cadmium-binding proteins, and metabolic proteins, etc. The expression of some identified proteins was confirmed by further Western blot analyses. Our results will play an important role in better elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism in LMP-1 included hPDMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Drücker P, Pejic M, Galla HJ, Gerke V. Lipid segregation and membrane budding induced by the peripheral membrane binding protein annexin A2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24764-76. [PMID: 23861394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of dynamic membrane microdomains is an important phenomenon in many signal transduction and membrane trafficking events. It is driven by intrinsic properties of membrane lipids and integral as well as membrane-associated proteins. Here we analyzed the ability of one peripherally associated membrane protein, annexin A2 (AnxA2), to induce the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-rich domains in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of complex lipid composition. AnxA2 is a cytosolic protein that can bind PI(4,5)P2 and other acidic phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and that has been implicated in cellular membrane dynamics in endocytosis and exocytosis. We show that AnxA2 binding to GUVs induces lipid phase separation and the recruitment of PI(4,5)P2, cholesterol and glycosphingolipids into larger clusters. This property is observed for the full-length monomeric protein, a mutant derivative comprising the C-terminal protein core domain and for AnxA2 residing in a heterotetrameric complex with its intracellular binding partner S100A10. All AnxA2 derivatives inducing PI(4,5)P2 clustering are also capable of forming interconnections between PI(4,5)P2-rich microdomains of adjacent GUVs. Furthermore, they can induce membrane indentations rich in PI(4,5)P2 and inward budding of these membrane domains into the lumen of GUVs. This inward vesiculation is specific for AnxA2 and not shared with other PI(4,5)P2-binding proteins such as the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of phospholipase Cδ1. Together our results indicate that annexins such as AnxA2 can efficiently induce membrane deformations after lipid segregation, a mechanism possibly underlying annexin functions in membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
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Lee JS, Tung CH. Osteotropic cancer diagnosis by an osteocalcin inspired molecular imaging mimetic. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4621-7. [PMID: 23688398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although microcalcifications of hydroxyapatite can be found in both benign and malignant osteotropic tumors, they are mostly seen in proliferative lesions, including carcinoma. The aim of this present study is to develop a molecular imaging contrast agent for selective identification of hydroxyapatite calcification in human osteotropic tumor tissues ex vivo and in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. METHODS A bioinspired biomarker, hydroxyapatite binding peptide (HABP), was designed to mimic natural protein osteocalcin property in vivo. A fluorescein isothiocyanate dye conjugated HABP (HABP-19) was utilized to characterize hydroxyapatite on human osteotropic tumor tissue sections ex vivo and to selectively image hydroxyapatite calcifications in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. RESULTS Using a HABP-19 molecular imaging probe, we have shown that it is possible to selectively image hydroxyapatite calcifications in osteotropic cancers ex vivo and in human SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Hydroxyapatite calcifications were selectively detected in osteotropic tissues ex vivo and in the early stage of the calcification process of SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma in vitro using our HABP-19 molecular imaging probe. This new target-selective molecular imaging probe makes it possible to study the earliest events associated with hydroxyapatite deposition in various osteotropic cancers at the cellular and molecular levels. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE It potentially could be used to diagnose and treat osteotropic cancer or to anchor therapeutic agents directing the local distribution of desired therapy at calcified sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sam Lee
- Department of Translational Imaging, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ehlen HWA, Chinenkova M, Moser M, Munter HM, Krause Y, Gross S, Brachvogel B, Wuelling M, Kornak U, Vortkamp A. Inactivation of anoctamin-6/Tmem16f, a regulator of phosphatidylserine scrambling in osteoblasts, leads to decreased mineral deposition in skeletal tissues. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:246-59. [PMID: 22936354 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate skeletal development, osteoblasts produce a mineralized bone matrix by deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the extracellular matrix. Anoctamin6/Tmem16F (Ano6) belongs to a conserved family of transmembrane proteins with chloride channel properties. In addition, Ano6 has been linked to phosphatidylserine (PS) scrambling in the plasma membrane. During skeletogenesis, Ano6 mRNA is expressed in differentiating and mature osteoblasts. Deletion of Ano6 in mice results in reduced skeleton size and skeletal deformities. Molecular analysis revealed that chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation are not disturbed. However, mutant mice display increased regions of nonmineralized, Ibsp-expressing osteoblasts in the periosteum during embryonic development and increased areas of uncalcified osteoid postnatally. In primary Ano6(-/-) osteoblasts, mineralization is delayed, indicating a cell autonomous function of Ano6. Furthermore, we demonstrate that calcium-dependent PS scrambling is impaired in osteoblasts. Our study is the first to our knowledge to reveal the requirement of Ano6 in PS scrambling in osteoblasts, supporting a function of PS exposure in the deposition of hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald W A Ehlen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
Biomineralization is a multifactorial and complex process, which results in the deposition of mineral crystals in the extracellular matrix of various tissues. Physiological mineralization is restricted to tissues, such as bones, teeth, and certain areas of cartilage. Pathological or ectopic mineralization can occur in many soft tissues, including articular cartilage, cardiovascular tissues, kidney, ligaments, and tendons, and can lead to serious problems. Therefore, the understanding of factors and mechanisms that regulate the mineralization process is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or inhibit ectopic mineralization. This review will discuss some of the mechanisms and factors that regulate physiological mineralization and their potential roles in ectopic mineralization. Finally, potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ectopic mineralization are being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kirsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Kim JM, Kim J, Kim YH, Kim KT, Ryu SH, Lee TG, Suh PG. Comparative secretome analysis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:216-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee JS, Morrisett JD, Tung CH. Detection of hydroxyapatite in calcified cardiovascular tissues. Atherosclerosis 2012; 224:340-7. [PMID: 22877867 PMCID: PMC3459140 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop a method for selective detection of the calcific (hydroxyapatite) component in human aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and in calcified cardiovascular tissues ex vivo. This method uses a novel optical molecular imaging contrast dye, Cy-HABP-19, to target calcified cells and tissues. METHODS A peptide that mimics the binding affinity of osteocalcin was used to label hydroxyapatite in vitro and ex vivo. Morphological changes in vascular smooth muscle cells were evaluated at an early stage of the mineralization process induced by extrinsic stimuli, osteogenic factors and a magnetic suspension cell culture. Hydroxyapatite components were detected in monolayers of these cells in the presence of osteogenic factors and a magnetic suspension environment. RESULTS Atherosclerotic plaque contains multiple components including lipidic, fibrotic, thrombotic, and calcific materials. Using optical imaging and the Cy-HABP-19 molecular imaging probe, we demonstrated that hydroxyapatite components could be selectively distinguished from various calcium salts in human aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and in calcified cardiovascular tissues, carotid endarterectomy samples and aortic valves, ex vivo. CONCLUSION Hydroxyapatite deposits in cardiovascular tissues were selectively detected in the early stage of the calcification process using our Cy-HABP-19 probe. This new probe makes it possible to study the earliest events associated with vascular hydroxyapatite deposition at the cellular and molecular levels. This target-selective molecular imaging probe approach holds high potential for revealing early pathophysiological changes, leading to progression, regression, or stabilization of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sam Lee
- Department of Radiology, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX
| | - Joel D. Morrisett
- Department of Medicine, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine Section, Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Radiology, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX
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Chang X, Zheng Y, Yang Q, Wang L, Pan J, Xia Y, Yan X, Han J. Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) is involved in the process of bone formation and is susceptible to ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R176. [PMID: 22838845 PMCID: PMC3580570 DOI: 10.1186/ar3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by abnormal bone formation in the spine and the sacroiliac joints. In vitro assays demonstrate that carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) promotes calcium precipitation. This study investigated the function of CA1 for bio-mineralization and determined if common polymorphisms in the CA1 gene might contribute to AS risk. Methods Calcification was induced in Saos-2 cells, a human osteosarcoma cell line, with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. Calcification was determined by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining. Expressions of CA1, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX) and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting. The cells were also treated with acetazolamide, an anti-carbonic anhydrase drug. Genotyping was performed using Illumina VeraCode microarray in a case-control study including 51 AS patients, 267 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 160 healthy controls. The result was confirmed by Taqman assay, including 258 AS patients, 288 RA patients and 288 healthy controls. Results Following the induction of calcification, Saos-2 cells produced large amounts of calcium-rich deposits. Increased transcriptions of CA1, ALP, BSP, OCN, OSX and Runx2, essential genes for ossification, were detected in the cultured cells. Following treatmen with acetazolamide, the expression of CA1 obviously declined and mineralized nodule formation was also decreased. Illumina microarray indicates that SNP at rs7841425 also showed significant differences in allelic frequency (P = 0.01396) and genotypic frequency (P = 0.005902) between AS cases and controls. In addition, SNP at rs7827474 showed significant differences in allelic frequency (P = 5.83E-04) and genotypic frequency (P = 0.000186) between RA cases and controls (P values were adjusted to multiple comparisons). The Taqman assay revealed that rs725605 demonstrated statistically significant evidence of allele frequency (P = 0.022307) and gene frequency (P = 0.007731) for association with AS. This SNP did not show significant differences in allelic frequencies and gene frequencies between RA patients and controls. Conclusions CA1 may play an essential role in bio-mineralization and new bone formation. The gene encoding CA1 is susceptible to AS.
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Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) promotes myeloma cell growth, reduces apoptosis in myeloma cell lines, and increases osteoclast formation. ANXA2 has been described in small cohorts of samples as expressed by myeloma cells and cells of the BM microenvironment. To investigate its clinical role, we assessed 1148 samples including independent cohorts of 332 and 701 CD138-purified myeloma cell samples from previously untreated patients together with clinical prognostic factors, chromosomal aberrations, and gene expression-based high-risk scores, along with expression of ANXA2 in whole BM samples, stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and BM sera. ANXA2 is expressed in all normal and malignant plasma cell samples. Higher ANXA2 expression in myeloma cells is associated with significantly inferior event-free and overall survival independently of conventional prognostic factors and is associated with gene expression-determined high risk and high proliferation. Within the BM, all cell populations, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and stromal cells, express ANXA2. ANXA2 expression is increased significantly in myelomatous versus normal BM serum. ANXA2 exemplifies an interesting class of targetable bone-remodeling factors expressed by normal and malignant plasma cells and the BM microenvironment that have a significant impact on survival of myeloma patients.
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Seo T, Cha S, Kim TI, Lee JS, Woo KM. Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of MAPK signaling regulates inflammatory response and differentiation in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Microbiol 2012; 50:311-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alves RDAM, Demmers JAA, Bezstarosti K, van der Eerden BCJ, Verhaar JAN, Eijken M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Unraveling the human bone microenvironment beyond the classical extracellular matrix proteins: a human bone protein library. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4725-33. [PMID: 21892838 DOI: 10.1021/pr200522n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of bone, differentiating it from other connective tissues, is the mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM). Mineral accounts for the majority of the bone tissue volume, being the remainder organic material mostly derived from collagen. This, and the fact that only a limited number of noncollagenous ECM proteins are described, provides a limited view of the bone tissue composition and bone metabolism, the more so considering the increasing understanding of ECM significance for cellular form and function. For this reason, we set out to analyze and extensively characterize the human bone proteome using large-scale mass spectrometry-based methods. Bone samples of four individuals were analyzed identifying 3038 unique proteins. A total of 1213 of these were present in at least 3 out of 4 bone samples. For quantification purposes, we were limited to noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) and we could quantify 1051 NCPs. Most classical bone matrix proteins mentioned in literature were detected but were not among the highly abundant ones. Gene ontology analyses identified high-abundance groups of proteins with a functional link to mineralization and mineral metabolism such as transporters, pyrophosphatase activity, and Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. ECM proteins were as well overrepresented together with nucleosome and antioxidant activity proteins, which have not been extensively characterized as being important for bone. In conclusion, our data clearly demonstrates that human bone tissue is a reservoir of a wide variety of proteins. In addition to the classical osteoblast-derived ECM, we have identified many proteins from different sources and of unknown function in bone. Thus, this study represents an informative library of bone proteins forming a source for novel bone formation modulators as well as biomarkers for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo D A M Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Cmoch A, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Palczewska M, Groves P, Pikula S. Matrix vesicles isolated from mineralization-competent Saos-2 cells are selectively enriched with annexins and S100 proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:683-7. [PMID: 21867690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs) are cell-derived membranous entities crucial for mineral formation in the extracellular matrix. One of the dominant groups of constitutive proteins present in MVs, recognised as regulators of mineralization in norm and pathology, are annexins. In this report, besides the annexins already described (AnxA2 and AnxA6), we identified AnxA1 and AnxA7, but not AnxA4, to become selectively enriched in MVs of Saos-2 cells upon stimulation for mineralization. Among them, AnxA6 was found to be almost EGTA-non extractable from matrix vesicles. Moreover, our report provides the first evidence of annexin-binding S100 proteins to be present in MVs of mineralizing cells. We observed that S100A10 and S100A6, but not S100A11, were selectively translocated to the MVs of Saos-2 cells upon mineralization. This observation provides the rationale for more detailed studies on the role of annexin-S100 interactions in MV-mediated mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cmoch
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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Han GY, Park SA, Kim JH, Lee EK, Kim HJ, Seo YK, Park JK, Kim CW. Effects of vibration on the proteome expression of anterior cruciate ligament cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:783-9. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have suggested that vibration has beneficial effects on knee healing response; however, the biomechanism of these beneficial effects still need to be determined on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cell level. In this study, we applied a 20 Hz vibration to ACL cells, which produced a 20% increase ( P < 0.001) in cell activity and 17% increase ( P < 0.001) in intracellular sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels. In the 20 Hz vibration-stimulated ACL cell group, eight up-regulated (100 ∼ 300%) protein spots were identified compared with the control group by proteomics analysis. Among these proteins, Annexin A2 and Prolyl 4 hydroxylase (PH4B) were shown to have a 71% and 16% higher expression, respectively, in the 20 Hz vibration-stimulated ACL cell group by Western blotting ( P < 0.001). These results indicate that vibration produces a positive cellular environment, and Annexin A2 and prolyl 4 hydroxylase are expected to help ligament repair and ACL cell proliferation by controlling cell membrane and extracellular matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Yeon Han
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1-5, Anam Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701
| | - Seung-Ah Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1-5, Anam Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1-5, Anam Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701
| | - Eun-Kyung Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1-5, Anam Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1-5, Anam Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University3-26, Pil Dong, Choong-Gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University3-26, Pil Dong, Choong-Gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1-5, Anam Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701
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40
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Differential proteome analysis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18834. [PMID: 21526124 PMCID: PMC3081308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine. The cause and pathogenesis of scoliosis and the accompanying generalized osteopenia remain unclear despite decades of extensive research. In this study, we utilized two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze the differential proteome of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from AIS patients. In total, 41 significantly altered protein spots were detected, of which 34 spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and found to represent 25 distinct gene products. Among these proteins, five related to bone growth and development, including pyruvate kinase M2, annexin A2, heat shock 27 kDa protein, γ-actin, and β-actin, were found to be dysregulated and therefore selected for further validation by Western blot analysis. At the protein level, our results supported the previous hypothesis that decreased osteogenic differentiation ability of MSCs is one of the mechanisms leading to osteopenia in AIS. In summary, we analyzed the differential BM-MSCs proteome of AIS patients for the first time, which may help to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of bone loss in AIS and also increase understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AIS.
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Thouverey C, Malinowska A, Balcerzak M, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Buchet R, Dadlez M, Pikula S. Proteomic characterization of biogenesis and functions of matrix vesicles released from mineralizing human osteoblast-like cells. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1123-34. [PMID: 21515422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix vesicles (MVs), released by budding from apical microvilli of osteoblasts during bone formation and development, are involved in the initiation of mineralization by promoting the formation of hydroxyapatite in their lumen. To gain additional insights into MV biogenesis and functions, MVs and apical microvilli were co-isolated from mineralizing osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells and their proteomes were characterized using LC-ESI-MS/MS and compared. In total, 282 MV and 451 microvillar proteins were identified. Of those, 262 were common in both preparations, confirming that MVs originate from apical microvilli. The occurrence of vesicular trafficking molecules (e.g. Rab proteins) and of the on-site protein synthetic machinery suggests that cell polarization and apical targeting are required for the incorporation of specific lipids and proteins at the site of MV formation. MV release from microvilli may be driven by actions of actin-severing proteins (gelsolin, cofilin 1) and contractile motor proteins (myosins). In addition to the already known proteins involved in MV-mediated mineralization, new MV residents were detected, such as inorganic pyrophosphatase 1, SLC4A7 sodium bicarbonate cotransporter or sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, providing additional insights into MV functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Mrozik KM, Zilm PS, Bagley CJ, Hack S, Hoffmann P, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Proteomic characterization of mesenchymal stem cell-like populations derived from ovine periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and bone marrow: analysis of differentially expressed proteins. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 19:1485-99. [PMID: 20050811 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal mesenchymal stem/stromal-like cells (MSCs) including periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. Despite their similar expression of MSC-associated and osteoblastic markers, MSCs retain the capacity to generate structures resembling the microenvironments from which they are derived in vivo and represent a promising therapy for the regeneration of complex tissues in the clinical setting. With this in mind, systematic approaches are required to identify the differential protein expression patterns responsible for lineage commitment and mediating the formation of these complex structures. This is the first study to compare the differential proteomic expression profiles of ex vivo-expanded ovine PDLSCs, DPSCs, and BMSCs derived from an individual donor. The two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed and regulated proteins were identified by liquid chromatography--electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS and MS/MS), database searching, and de novo sequencing. In total, 58 proteins were differentially expressed between at least 2 MSC populations in both sheep, 12 of which were up-regulated in one MSC population relative to the other two. In addition, the regulation of selected proteins was also conserved between equivalent human MSC populations. We anticipate that differential protein expression profiling will provide a basis for elucidating the protein expression patterns and molecular cues that are crucial in specifying the characteristic growth and developmental capacity of dental and non-dental tissue-derived MSC populations. These expression patterns can serve as important tools for the regeneration of particular tissues in future stem cell-based tissue engineering studies using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Genetos DC, Wong A, Watari S, Yellowley CE. Hypoxia increases Annexin A2 expression in osteoblastic cells via VEGF and ERK. Bone 2010; 47:1013-9. [PMID: 20817051 PMCID: PMC4420171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated angiogenesis is critical for endochondral ossification that occurs during bone development and bone repair. Under these circumstances, VEGF production appears to be driven by low oxygen tension, under the control of the hypoxia-inducible factor-α family of transcription factors (HIF-α). Annexin 2 (AnxA2) a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein has been implicated in VEGF-mediated retinal neovascularization and is upregulated by VEGF in choroid retinal endothelial cells. AnxA2 is also expressed in cells of the osteoblast lineage and chondrocytes and may play a role in matrix mineralization. In this paper, we examined the effects of hypoxia (1% O(2)) and VEGF on the expression of AnxA2 in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Hypoxia, desferrioxamine (hypoxia mimetic), and recombinant VEGF all increased AnxA2 mRNA and protein levels in osteoblastic cells. The hypoxia-induced increase in AnxA2 was inhibited by a blocking antibody to VEGF-R1; however, VEGF(120), a VEGF-R1 agonist, demonstrated no influence upon Anxa2 expression. This suggests that VEGF induction of Annexin A2 is not mediated via VEGF-R1 agonism alone but by VEGF-R1 and Neuropilin-1 or Neuropilin-2 heterodimers. In addition, we demonstrated that VEGF-stimulated changes in AnxA2 expression via a pathway involving Src and MEK kinase. These data demonstrate that AnxA2 expression in osteoblasts is under the control of VEGF, which may have implications for both angiogenesis and bone mineralization under low oxygen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Shinya Watari
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Clare E. Yellowley
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Clare E. Yellowley, Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, Tel: 530-754-6513, FAX: 530-754-0150,
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Bertacco E, Millioni R, Arrigoni G, Faggin E, Iop L, Puato M, Pinna LA, Tessari P, Pauletto P, Rattazzi M. Proteomic Analysis of Clonal Interstitial Aortic Valve Cells Acquiring a Pro-calcific Profile. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5913-21. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertacco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Millioni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Faggin
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Puato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A. Pinna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Tessari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pauletto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Rattazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica and VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiologiche, Toraciche e Vascolari, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
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Zhang J, Habiel DM, Ramadass M, Kew RR. Identification of two distinct cell binding sequences in the vitamin D binding protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1803:623-9. [PMID: 20211661 PMCID: PMC2856814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a multifunctional, albumin-like plasma protein that often requires cell surface binding to mediate some of its diverse functions. DBP binds to several different molecules on the external face of the plasma membrane indicating that it may possess distinct cell binding sequences. In this report, surface plasmon resonance was utilized to evaluate the relative binding of the human myeloid cell line U937 to immobilized recombinant expressed DBP in order to identify cell localization sequences. U937 cells showed robust binding to immobilized native DBP, but essentially no interaction when sensor chips were coated with beta(2)-microglobulin or BSA. The cell-DBP interaction was completely eliminated if cells were pretreated with soluble DBP. Recombinant DBP domains and truncated domains were next evaluated to determine the location of cell binding regions. Domains I (amino acids 1-191) and III (379-458), but not domain II (192-378), could support cell binding. Further evaluation of domain I, using truncated proteins and overlapping peptides, demonstrated that a single amino acid sequence, residues 150-172 (NYGQAPLSLLVSYTKSYLSMVGS), mediated cell binding. The domain III cell binding region was investigated using truncated versions of domain III fused to full-length domain II that served as a scaffold. These experiments indicated that the cell binding sequence is located in the first portion of that domain (379-402: ELSSFIDKGQELCADYSENTFTEY). Overlapping peptides spanning this sequence could partially block cell binding only when used in combination. We conclude that DBP contains two cell localization sequences that may be required for some of the multiple functions of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - David M. Habiel
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Richard R. Kew
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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Abstract
Ectomesenchymal dental stem cells could be feasible tools for dental tissue engineering. Dental follicle cells are a promising example, since they are capable of differentiation into various dental tissue cells, such as osteoblasts or cementoblasts. However, cellular mechanisms of cell proliferation and differentiation are not understood in detail. Basic knowledge of these molecular processes may shorten the time before ectomesenchymal dental stem cells can be exploited for bone augmentation in regenerative medicine. Recent developments in proteomics and transcriptomics have made information about genome-wide expression profiles accessible, which can aid in clarifying molecular mechanisms of cells. This review describes the transcriptomes and proteomes of dental follicle cells before and after differentiation, and compares them with differentially expressed populations from dental tissue or bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Morsczeck
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G. Schmalz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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47
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Golub EE. Role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1592-8. [PMID: 19786074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix vesicles have been implicated in the mineralization of calcified cartilage, bone and dentin for more than 40 years. During this period, their exact role, if any in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite mineral, and its subsequent association with the collagen fibrils in the organic matrix has been debated and remains controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies spanning the whole history of matrix vesicles, but emphasizes recent findings and several hypotheses which have been recently introduced to explain in greater detail how matrix vesicles function in biomineralization. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It is now generally accepted that matrix vesicles have some role(s) in mineralization; that they are the initial site of mineral formation; that MV bud from the plasma membrane of mineral forming cells, but that they take with them only a subset of the materials found in the parent membrane; that the three proteins, alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase and annexin V have important roles in the process and that matrix vesicles participate in regulating the concentration of PPi in the matrix. In contrast, many open questions remain to be answered. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization will increase our knowledge of this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis E Golub
- Biochemistry Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Morsczeck C, Petersen J, Völlner F, Driemel O, Reichert T, Beck HC. Proteomic analysis of osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle precursor cells. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1175-84. [PMID: 19288589 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Thouverey C, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Balcerzak M, Buchet R, Pikula S. Matrix vesicles originate from apical membrane microvilli of mineralizing osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:127-38. [PMID: 19009559 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In bone, mineralization is tightly regulated by osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes which release matrix vesicles (MVs) and control extracellular ionic conditions and matrix composition. MVs are the initial sites of hydroxyapatite (HA) mineral formation. Despite growing knowledge about their morphology and function, their biogenesis is not well understood. The purpose of this work was to determine the source of MVs in osteoblast lineage, Saos-2 cells, and to check whether MVs originated from microvilli. Microvilli were isolated from the apical plasma membrane of Saos-2 cells. Their morphology, structure, and function were compared with those of MVs. The role of actin network in MV release was investigated by using microfilament perturbing drugs. When examined by electron microscopy MVs and microvillar vesicles were found to exhibit similar morphology with trilaminar membranes and diameters in the same range. Both types of vesicles were able to induce HA formation. Their electrophoretic profiles displayed analogous enrichment in alkaline phosphatase, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, and annexins A2 and A6. MVs and microvillar vesicles exhibited almost the same lipid composition with a higher content of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine as compared to plasma membrane. Finally, cytochalasin D, which inhibits actin polymerization, was found to stimulate release of MVs. Our findings were consistent with the hypothesis that MVs originated from cell microvilli and that actin filament disassembly was involved in their biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Carpi D, Korkalainen M, Airoldi L, Fanelli R, Hakansson H, Muhonen V, Tuukkanen J, Viluksela M, Pastorelli R. Dioxin-Sensitive Proteins in Differentiating Osteoblasts: Effects on Bone Formation In Vitro. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:330-43. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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