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Bernardini C, Zamparini F, Prati C, Salaroli R, Spinelli A, Zannoni A, Forni M, Gandolfi MG. Osteoinductive and regenerative potential of premixed calcium-silicate bioceramic sealers on vascular wall mesenchymal stem cells. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1264-1278. [PMID: 38943551 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM The osteogenic potential of new premixed calcium-silicate-containing bioceramic sealers (Ca-Si sealers) was tested with porcine vascular wall-mesenchymal stem cells (pVW-MSCs). METHODOLOGY Two Ca-Si-containing sealers: Ceraseal (MetaBiomed, Cheong-si, South Korea) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Maruchi, Wonju-si, South Korea), and an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) as a control, were prepared according to the manufacturers' indications. All samples were allowed to set for 100% of their setting time in a sterile humid cabinet at 37°C and 95% relative humidity. pVW-MSC seeding efficiency and osteogenic differentiation were analysed as marker of gene/protein expression for up to 12 days. Mineralization assay and immunofluorescence staining were performed and evaluated over a period of 21 days. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (p < .05). Additional samples were prepared and stored under the same conditions and inspected using an environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. RESULTS Significantly higher cell seeding efficiency (p < .05) was observed for both Ca-Si sealers from day 8. pVW-MSCs showed a significant shift towards the osteogenic lineage only when seeded in contact with Ca-Si sealers. Gene expression of osteopontin was upregulated significantly. Collagen I and osteocalcin were clearly expressed by cells in contact with Ca-Si sealers. Mineralization granules were observed in Alizarin red assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of both Ca-Si sealers. No gene expression or granule mineralization were observed on the epoxy resin sealer. CONCLUSIONS Premixed Ca-Si sealers displayed a higher potential for osteogenic activity on pVW-MSCs. Epoxy resin sealer was unable to induce any osteogenic activity. The properties of both Ca-Si sealers suggest their potential as osteoinductive platforms for vascular MSCs in periapical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinelli
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Varenna M, Orsini F, Di Taranto R, Zucchi F, Adami G, Gatti D, Crotti C. Bone Turnover Markers and Wnt Signaling Modulators in Early Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. A Pre-specified Observational Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:251-259. [PMID: 38951180 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
To explore serum levels of some bone turnover markers and the involvement of the Wnt signaling in CRPS-1. Query ID="Q1" Text="Please check and confirm whether the edit made to the article title is in order." We conducted an observational study on patients with early CRPS-1 recruited before any treatment. Clinical measures were assessed together with biochemical evaluation. Values of sclerostin, DKK1, CTX-I, and P1NP were compared with sex-age-matched healthy controls (HCs). We enrolled 34 patients diagnosed with CRPS-1 (mean age 59.3 ± 10.6 years, Male/Female 10/24), median disease duration = 2 weeks (IQR 1-5); median VAS score = 76 (IQR 68-80). Foot localization was slightly more frequent than hand localization (18/16). No statistically significant difference was found between CRPS-1 patients and HCs for CTX-I (0.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml vs 0.3 ± 0.1, p = 0.140), while mean serum values of P1NP were significantly higher in CRPS-1 patients compared to HCs (70.0 ± 38.8 ng/ml vs 50.1 ± 13.6, p = 0.005). Mean levels of sclerostin and DKK1 were lower in CRPS-1 patients vs HCs (sclerostin 28.4 ± 10.8 pmol/l vs 34.1 ± 11.6, p = 0.004; DKK1 12.9 ± 10.8 pmol/l vs 24.1 ± 11.9, p = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found for all biochemical assessments in a subgroup of fracture-induced CRPS-1. No statistically significant differences were observed according to disease localization, disease duration, presence of hyperalgesia, allodynia, sudomotor alterations, and mild or moderate/severe swelling. No significant correlation emerged between sclerostin, DKK1 levels, baseline VAS score, or McGill Pain Questionnaire score. Bone involvement in early CRPS-1 does not seem to rely on increased osteoclast activity. Conversely, a serum marker of bone formation resulted increased. Both Sclerostin and DKK1 showed decreased values, probably suggesting a widespread osteocyte loss of function.Trial registration number: Eudract Number: 2014-001156-28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Varenna
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Via Pini, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Via Pini, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Taranto
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Via Pini, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Zucchi
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Via Pini, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Adami
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gatti
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Via Pini, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Iwamoto N, Sato S, Furukawa K, Michitsuji T, Shiraishi K, Watanabe K, Chiba K, Osaki M, Kawakami A. Association of denosumab with serum cytokines, chemokines, and bone-related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post hoc analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel-group study. Mod Rheumatol 2024; 34:936-946. [PMID: 38226481 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify changes in serum cytokines, chemokines, and bone-related factors during denosumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS This was a post hoc analysis of a multicentre, open-label, randomised, parallel-group study. Patients were randomly assigned to continue treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) plus receive treatment with denosumab (csDMARDs plus denosumab group) or to continue treatment with csDMARD therapy alone for 12 months. Serum biomarker levels were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Baseline and 6-month data from the csDMARDs plus denosumab (n = 22) and csDMARD therapy alone (n = 22) groups were analysed. Statistically significant changes from baseline were seen: Dickkopf-related protein 1 decreased at 6 and 12 months (both groups); osteopontin decreased at 6 months in the csDMARDs plus denosumab group; osteopontin and soluble CD40 ligand increased at 6 and 12 months in the csDMARD therapy alone group; osteocalcin decreased at 6 and 12 months, epidermal growth factor decreased at 12 months, and macrophage-derived chemokine decreased at 6 months in the csDMARDs plus denosumab group; and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 increased at 12 months in the csDMARD therapy alone group. CONCLUSIONS Denosumab may inhibit bone destruction by suppressing bone-related factors/chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Sato
- Clinical Research Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toru Michitsuji
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shiraishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ko Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Cheng W, Fu Y, Lin Z, Huang M, Chen Y, Hu Y, Lin Q, Yu B, Liu G. Lipoteichoic acid restrains macrophage senescence via β-catenin/FOXO1/REDD1 pathway in age-related osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14072. [PMID: 38126583 PMCID: PMC10928565 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and its related fractures are common causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults, but its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) treatment could ameliorate age-related bone degeneration and attenuate intramedullary macrophage senescence. FOXO1 signaling, which was downregulated and deactivated in aging macrophages, played a key role in the process. Blocking FOXO1 signaling caused decreased REDD1 expression and increased phosphorylation level of mTOR, a major driver of aging, as well as aggravated bone loss and deteriorated macrophage senescence. Moreover, LTA elevated FOXO1 signaling through β-catenin pathway while β-catenin inhibition significantly suppressed FOXO1 signaling, promoted senescence-related protein expression, and accelerated bone degeneration and macrophage senescence. Our findings indicated that β-catenin/FOXO1/REDD1 signaling plays a physiologically significant role that protecting macrophages from senescence during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Cheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zexin Lin
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mouzhang Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qingrong Lin
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Duarte PM, Miranda TS, Marins LM, da Silva JRB, de Souza Malta F, de Vasconcelos Gurgel BC, Napimoga MH. Lithium chloride stimulates bone formation in extraction socket repair in rats. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:169-177. [PMID: 36242702 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-022-01124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous evidence shows that lithium chloride (LiCl), a suppressor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), may enhance bone formation in several medical and dental conditions. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of LiCl on extraction socket repair in rats. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly assigned into a control group (administration of water; n = 15) or a LiCl group (administration of 150 mg/kg of LiCl; n = 15). LiCl and water were given every other day, starting at 7 days before the extraction of upper first molars until the end of each experiment period. Histological sections from five rats per group were obtained at 10, 20, and 30 days post-extractions. Histometrical analysis of newly formed bone (NB) and the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-stained cells were evaluated at 10, 20, and 30 days post-extractions. Immunohistochemical staining for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) was assessed at 10 days post-extractions. RESULTS The LiCl group had a greater proportion of NB than the control group at 20 days (P < 0.05). At 30 days, the rate of TRAP-stained cells was lower in the LiCl group than in the control group (P < 0.05). At 10 days, the LiCl group presented stronger staining for OPG, BSP, OPN, and OCN, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Systemic LiCl enhanced extraction socket repair, stimulated an overall increase in bone formation markers, and restricted the levels of TRAP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Room D10-6, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Tamires Szeremeske Miranda
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Periodontology, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Macedo Marins
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando de Souza Malta
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Área de Imunologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Luján-Amoraga L, Delgado-Martín B, Lourenço-Marques C, Gavaia PJ, Bravo J, Bandarra NM, Dominguez D, Izquierdo MS, Pousão-Ferreira P, Ribeiro L. Exploring Omega-3's Impact on the Expression of Bone-Related Genes in Meagre ( Argyrosomus regius). Biomolecules 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38254657 PMCID: PMC10813611 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with Omega-3 fatty acids seems to promote skeletal health. Therefore, their consumption at imbalanced or excessive levels has offered less beneficial or even prejudicial effects. Fish produced in aquaculture regimes are prone to develop abnormal skeletons. Although larval cultures are usually fed with diets supplemented with Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), the lack of knowledge about the optimal requirements for fatty acids or about their impact on mechanisms that regulate skeletal development has impeded the design of diets that could improve bone formation during larval stages when the majority of skeletal anomalies appear. In this study, Argyrosomus regius larvae were fed different levels of Omega-3s (2.6% and 3.6% DW on diet) compared to a commercial diet. At 28 days after hatching (DAH), their transcriptomes were analyzed to study the modulation exerted in gene expression dynamics during larval development and identify impacted genes that can contribute to skeletal formation. Mainly, both levels of supplementation modulated bone-cell proliferation, the synthesis of bone components such as the extracellular matrix, and molecules involved in the interaction and signaling between bone components or in important cellular processes. The 2.6% level impacted several genes related to cartilage development, denoting a special impact on endochondral ossification, delaying this process. However, the 3.6% level seemed to accelerate this process by enhancing skeletal development. These results offered important insights into the impact of dietary Omega-3 LC-PUFAs on genes involved in the main molecular mechanism and cellular processes involved in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Luján-Amoraga
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
| | - Belén Delgado-Martín
- Department of Microbiology and Crop Protection, Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Cátia Lourenço-Marques
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
- Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve (UALG), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading, and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 7, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - David Dominguez
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Marisol S. Izquierdo
- Aquaculture Research Group (GIA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC) Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (J.B.); (D.D.); (M.S.I.)
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
- Collaborative Laboratory on Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture (S2AQUACOLAB) Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Aquaculture Research Station (EPPO), Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal; (L.L.-A.); (C.L.-M.); (P.P.-F.)
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Gao YM, Pei Y, Zhao FF, Wang L. Osteoclasts in Osteosarcoma: Mechanisms, Interactions, and Therapeutic Prospects. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:1323-1337. [PMID: 38027241 PMCID: PMC10661907 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s431213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an extremely malignant tumor, and its pathogenesis is complex and remains incompletely understood. Most cases of osteosarcoma are accompanied by symptoms of bone loss or result in pathological fractures due to weakened bones. Enhancing the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has proven to be a long-standing challenge. Numerous studies mentioned in this paper, including in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-situ studies have consistently indicated a close association between the symptoms of bone loss associated with osteosarcoma and the presence of osteoclasts. As the sole cells capable of bone resorption, osteoclasts participate in a malignant cycle within the osteosarcoma microenvironment. These cells interact with osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells, secreting various factors that further influence these cells, disrupting bone homeostasis, and shifting the balance toward bone resorption, thereby promoting the onset and progression of osteosarcoma. Moreover, the interaction between osteoclasts and various other cells types, such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, DCs cells, T cells, and tumor-associated fibroblasts in the osteosarcoma microenvironment plays a crucial role in disease progression. Consequently, understanding the role of osteoclasts in osteosarcoma has sparked significant interest. This review primarily examines the physiological characteristics and functional mechanisms of osteoclasts in osteosarcoma, and briefly discusses potential therapies targeting osteoclasts for osteosarcoma treatment. These studies provide fresh ideas and directions for future research on the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Pei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Enukashvily NI, Belik LA, Semenova NY, Kostroma II, Motyko EV, Gritsaev SV, Bessmeltsev SS, Sidorkevich SV, Martynkevich IS. Transcription of WNT Genes in Hematopoietic Niche's Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Different Responses to Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051097. [PMID: 37239457 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are involved in bone tissue remodeling due to their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and to influence osteoclasts' activity. Multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with bone resorption. During disease progression, MSCs acquire a tumor-associated phenotype, losing their osteogenic potential. The process is associated with impaired osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. The WNT signaling pathway plays a major role in maintaining the balance. In MM, it functions in an aberrant way. It is not known yet whether the WNT pathway is restored in patients' bone narrow after treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the level of WNT family gene transcription in the bone marrow MSCs of healthy donors and MM patients before and after therapy. The study included healthy donors (n = 3), primary patients (n = 3) and patients with different response status to therapy (bortezomib-containing induction regimens) (n = 12). The transcription of the WNT and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) genes was accessed using qPCR. The mRNA quantity of ten WNT genes, as well as CTNNB1 mRNA encoding β-catenin, a key mediator in canonical signaling, was evaluated. The observed differences between the groups of patients indicated that aberrant functioning of the WNT pathway was retained after treatment. The differences that we detected for WNT2B, WNT9B and CTNNB1 suggested their possible application as prognostic molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natella I Enukashvily
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Cell Technologies Lab., North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 St. Peterburg, Russia
| | - Liubov A Belik
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Cell Technology Center Pokrovsky, 199066 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Semenova
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan I Kostroma
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Motyko
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Gritsaev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Bessmeltsev
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V Sidorkevich
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina S Martynkevich
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, FMBA of Russian Federation, 191024 St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Arafa ESA, Elgendy NO, Elhemely MA, Abdelaleem EA, Mohamed WR. Diosmin mitigates dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in vivo: Role of Runx2, RANKL/OPG, and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114461. [PMID: 36889109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary osteoporosis is commonly caused by long-term intake of glucocorticoids (GCs), such as dexamethasone (DEX). Diosmin, a natural substance with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is clinically used for treating some vascular disorders. The current work targeted exploring the protective properties of diosmin to counteract DEX-induced osteoporosis in vivo. Rats were administered DEX (7 mg/kg) once weekly for 5 weeks, and in the second week, vehicle or diosmin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) for the next four weeks. Femur bone tissues were collected and processed for histological and biochemical examinations. The study findings showed that diosmin alleviated the histological bone impairments caused by DEX. In addition, diosmin upregulated the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and the mRNA transcripts of Wingless (Wnt) and osteocalcin. Furthermore, diosmin counteracted the rise in the mRNA levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and the reduction in osteoprotegerin (OPG), both were induced by DEX. Diosmin restored the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and exerted significant antiapoptotic activity. The aforementioned effects were more pronounced at the dose level of 100 mg/kg. Collectively, diosmin has proven to protect rats against DEX-induced osteoporosis by augmenting osteoblast and bone development while hindering osteoclast and bone resorption. Our findings could be used as a stand for recommending supplementation of diosmin for patients chronically using GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Noran O Elgendy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mai A Elhemely
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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11
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Brommage R, Liu J, Powell DR. Skeletal phenotypes in secreted frizzled-related protein 4 gene knockout mice mimic skeletal architectural abnormalities in subjects with Pyle's disease from SFRP4 mutations. Bone Res 2023; 11:9. [PMID: 36808149 PMCID: PMC9941579 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SFRP4 cause Pyle's bone disease with wide metaphyses and increased skeletal fragility. The WNT signaling pathway plays important roles in determining skeletal architecture and SFRP4 is a secreted Frizzled decoy receptor that inhibits WNT signaling. Seven cohorts of male and female Sfrp4 gene knockout mice, examined through 2 years of age, had a normal lifespan but showed cortical and trabecular bone phenotypes. Mimicking human Erlenmeyer flask deformities, bone cross-sectional areas were elevated 2-fold in the distal femur and proximal tibia but only 30% in femur and tibia shafts. Reduced cortical bone thickness was observed in the vertebral body, midshaft femur and distal tibia. Elevated trabecular bone mass and numbers were observed in the vertebral body, distal femur metaphysis and proximal tibia metaphysis. Midshaft femurs retained extensive trabecular bone through 2 years of age. Vertebral bodies had increased compressive strength, but femur shafts had reduced bending strength. Trabecular, but not cortical, bone parameters in heterozygous Sfrp4 mice were modestly affected. Ovariectomy resulted in similar declines in both cortical and trabecular bone mass in wild-type and Sfrp4 KO mice. SFRP4 is critical for metaphyseal bone modeling involved in determining bone width. Sfrp4 KO mice show similar skeletal architecture and bone fragility deficits observed in patients with Pyle's disease with SFRP4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA.
- BoneGenomics, The Woodlands, TX, USA.
| | - Jeff Liu
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA.
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David R Powell
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX, 77381, USA.
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12
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Hamstra SI, Roy BD, Tiidus P, MacNeil AJ, Klentrou P, MacPherson RE, Fajardo VA. Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:891-910. [PMID: 35236261 PMCID: PMC10227915 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302151224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is most well-known for its mood-stabilizing effects in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Due to its narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.2 mM serum concentration), there is a stigma associated with lithium treatment and the adverse effects that can occur at therapeutic doses. However, several studies have indicated that doses of lithium under the predetermined therapeutic dose used in bipolar disorder treatment may have beneficial effects not only in the brain but across the body. Currently, literature shows that low-dose lithium (≤0.5 mM) may be beneficial for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cognitive function, as well as inflammatory and antioxidant processes of the aging body. There is also some evidence of low-dose lithium exerting a similar and sometimes synergistic effect on these systems. This review summarizes these findings with a focus on low-dose lithium's potential benefits on the aging process and age-related diseases of these systems, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity and type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and the chronic low-grade inflammatory state known as inflammaging. Although lithium's actions have been widely studied in the brain, the study of the potential benefits of lithium, particularly at a low dose, is still relatively novel. Therefore, this review aims to provide possible mechanistic insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tiidus
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E.K. MacPherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neurosciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Gai D, Chen JR, Stewart JP, Nookaew I, Habelhah H, Ashby C, Sun F, Cheng Y, Li C, Xu H, Peng B, Garg TK, Schinke C, Thanendrarajan S, Zangari M, Chen F, Barlogie B, van Rhee F, Tricot G, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F. CST6 suppresses osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma by blocking osteoclast differentiation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:159527. [PMID: 35881476 PMCID: PMC9479617 DOI: 10.1172/jci159527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). A significant fraction (~20%) of MM patients do not develop osteolytic lesions (OL). The molecular basis for the absence of bone disease in MM is not understood. We combined PET-CT and gene expression profiling (GEP) of purified bone marrow (BM) CD138+ MM cells from 512 newly diagnosed MM patients to reveal that elevated expression of cystatin M/E (CST6) was significantly associated with the absence of OL in MM. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a strong correlation between CST6 levels in BM serum/plasma and CST6 mRNA expression. Both recombinant CST6 protein and BM serum from patients with high CST6 significantly inhibited the activity of the osteoclast-specific protease cathepsin K, and blocked osteoclast differentiation and function. Recombinant CST6 inhibited bone destruction in ex vivo and in vivo myeloma models. Single cell RNA-sequencing identified that CST6 attenuates polarization of monocytes to osteoclast precursors. Furthermore, CST6 protein blocks osteoclast differentiation by suppressing cathepsin-mediated cleavage of NF-κB/p100 and TRAF3 following RANKL stimulation. Secretion by MM cells of CST6, an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and function, suppresses osteolytic bone disease in MM and probably other diseases associated with osteoclast-mediated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Gai
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - James P Stewart
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Hasem Habelhah
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Cody Ashby
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Fumou Sun
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Yan Cheng
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Can Li
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Bailu Peng
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Tarun K Garg
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Carolina Schinke
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Sharmilan Thanendrarajan
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Zangari
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bart Barlogie
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Guido Tricot
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - John D Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States of America
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14
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Ozden FO, Demir E, Lutfioglu M, Acarel EE, Bilgici B, Atmaca A. Effects of periodontal and bisphosphonate treatment on the gingival crevicular levels of sclerostin and dickkopf-1 in postmenopausal osteoporosis with and without periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:849-858. [PMID: 35665506 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Both periodontitis and osteoporosis are associated with osteoclast-related bone resorption. Bone metabolism is regulated by wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT), and WNT/β-catenin signals are controlled by physiological antagonists including dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin (SOST). This study examined the effects of periodontal and bisphosphonate (BP) treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) levels in osteoporotic and systemically healthy postmenopausal women with and without periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 postmenopausal women were divided into 4 groups (n = 12) according to periodontal health and osteoporosis status, as follows: Group OP/P: subjects with both osteoporosis and periodontitis; Group P: systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis; Group OP: periodontally healthy subjects with osteoporosis; Group H: systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Clinical data and GCF SOST and DKK-1 levels of the participants were collected at baseline and at 6 and 12 months following the initiation of periodontal and/or BP treatment in the experimental groups. GCF SOST and DKK-1 data were obtained by ELISA. RESULTS Clinical improvements were observed in all experimental groups. GCF SOST and DKK1 baseline levels varied significantly between groups due to periodontal disease (p < .001). Following treatment, significant increases in SOST and DKK-1 concentrations and significant decreases in total amounts of SOST were observed in both periodontitis groups (OP/P, P). However, while total amounts of DKK-1 decreased in Group OP/P, in Group P, these amounts had significantly increased at 12 months post-treatment (p < .05). At both 6 and 12 months post-treatment, SOST and DDK1 total amounts in Groups OP/P, OP, and H were similar (p > .05), whereas significant differences were observed between Groups H and P, indicating a deviation from periodontal health in Group P (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in GCF SOST and DKK-1 levels were observed among women with osteoporosis who received both periodontal and BP treatment. A more detailed examination of how these treatment protocols can be combined may lead to new therapeutic approaches towards periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Otan Ozden
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Esra Demir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Müge Lutfioglu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elif Eser Acarel
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Birsen Bilgici
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aysegül Atmaca
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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15
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Sojan JM, Gioacchini G, Giorgini E, Orlando P, Tiano L, Maradonna F, Carnevali O. Zebrafish caudal fin as a model to investigate the role of probiotics in bone regeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8057. [PMID: 35577882 PMCID: PMC9110718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer several beneficial effects to the host, including enhancement of bone mineralization. However, probiotic action on bone regeneration is not well studied and therefore we analysed various effects of probiotic treatment on the caudal fin regeneration of zebrafish. Morphological analysis revealed an increased regenerated area with shorter and thicker lepidotrichia segments after probiotic treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy imaging analysis highlighted the distribution of phosphate groups in the regenerated fins and probiotic group showed higher amounts of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite. At the midpoint (5 days post amputation) of regeneration, probiotics were able to modulate various stages of osteoblast differentiation as confirmed by the upregulation of some key marker genes such as runx2b, sp7, col10a1a, spp1 and bglap, besides suppressing osteoclast activity as evidenced from the downregulation of ctsk. Probiotics also caused an enhanced cell cycle by regulating the expression of genes involved in Retinoic acid (rarga, cyp26b1) and Wnt/β-catenin (ctnnb1, ccnd1, axin2, sost) signaling pathways, and also modulated phosphate homeostasis by increasing the entpd5a levels. These findings provide new outlooks for the use of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment in accelerating bone regeneration and improving skeletal health in both aquaculture and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Maria Sojan
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute-Interuniversity Consortium, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute-Interuniversity Consortium, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Xi X, Ye Q, Fan D, Cao X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang M, Xu Y, Xiao C. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Affect Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Front Immunol 2022; 13:797815. [PMID: 35392076 PMCID: PMC8981517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.797815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common autoimmune disease, is characterized by symmetrical synovial inflammation of multiple joints with the infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and increased cytokines (CKs) levels. In the past few years, numerous studies have indicated that several factors could affect RA, such as mutations in susceptibility genes, epigenetic modifications, age, and race. Recently, environmental factors, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have attracted increasing attention in RA pathogenesis. Therefore, exploring the specific mechanisms of PAHs in RA is vitally critical. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of PAHs and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHRs) in RA. Additionally, the development of therapeutic drugs that target AHR is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on AHR application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinbin Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danping Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Effects of Biological/Targeted Therapies on Bone Mineral Density in Inflammatory Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084111. [PMID: 35456929 PMCID: PMC9029148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis has been reported to be associated with the development of osteoporosis. Recent research has investigated the mechanisms of bone metabolism in chronic inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Progress in both animal and clinical studies has provided a better understanding of the osteoclastogenesis-related pathways regarding the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), and Wnt signaling and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1). The complex interplay between inflammatory cytokines and bone destruction has been elucidated, especially that in the interleukin-17/23 (IL-17/23) axis and Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling. Moreover, advances in biological and targeted therapies have achieved essential modifications to the bone metabolism of these inflammatory arthritis types. In this narrative review, we discuss recent findings on the pathogenic effects on bone in RA and SpA. Proinflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and multiple signaling pathways play an essential role in bone destruction in RA and SpA patients. We also reviewed the underlying pathomechanisms of bone structure in biological and targeted therapies of RA and SpA. The clinical implications of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, Janus kinase inhibitors, and inhibitors of the IL-17/23 axis are discussed. Since these novel therapeutics provide new options for disease improvement and symptom control in patients with RA and SpA, further rigorous evidence is warranted to provide a clinical reference for physicians and patients.
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18
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Hayat R, Manzoor M, Hussain A. Wnt Signaling Pathway: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:863-877. [PMID: 35297539 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an evolutionary cell-to-cell coordination mechanism and it is highly critical for a variety of physiological processes of an organism's body, including stem cell regeneration, proliferation, division, migration, polarity of a cell, determining fate of the cell and specification of neural crest, neural symmetry and morphogenesis. Wnts are extracellular secreted glycol proteins, consisted of a family of 19 human proteins that represent the complex nature of the regulatory structure and physiological efficiency of signaling. Moreover, a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent pathway and the β-catenin-independent pathway that is further classified into the Planar Cell Polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways have been established as key signaling nodes downstream of the frizzled (Fz/Fzd) receptor, and these nodes are extensively analyzed at biochemical and molecular levels. Genetic and epigenetic activities that ultimately characterize the pathway and its subsequent responses contribute to Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway hypo or hyper-activation and is associated with the variety of human disorders progression most significantly cancers. Recognizing how this mechanism operates is crucial to the advancement of cancer prevention therapies or regenerative medicine methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Hayat
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean university of China, Qingdao
| | - Maleeha Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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19
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Lojk J, Marc J. Roles of Non-Canonical Wnt Signalling Pathways in Bone Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10840. [PMID: 34639180 PMCID: PMC8509327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathway is one of the central signalling pathways in bone development, homeostasis and regulation of bone mineral density. It consists of numerous Wnt ligands, receptors and co-receptors, which ensure tight spatiotemporal regulation of Wnt signalling pathway activity and thus tight regulation of bone tissue homeostasis. This enables maintenance of optimal mineral density, tissue healing and adaptation to changes in bone loading. While the role of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signalling pathway in bone homeostasis is relatively well researched, Wnt ligands can also activate several non-canonical, β-catenin independent signalling pathways with important effects on bone tissue. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on different non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways involved in bone biology, focusing especially on the pathways that affect bone cell differentiation, maturation and function, processes involved in bone tissue structure regulation. We will describe the role of the two most known non-canonical pathways (Wnt/planar cell polarity pathways and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway), as well as other signalling pathways with a strong role in bone biology that communicate with the Wnt signalling pathway through non-canonical Wnt signalling. Our goal is to bring additional attention to these still not well researched but important pathways in the regulation of bone biology in the hope of prompting additional research in the area of non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Wolff LI, Houben A, Fabritius C, Angus-Hill M, Basler K, Hartmann C. Only the Co-Transcriptional Activity of β-Catenin Is Required for the Local Regulatory Effects in Hypertrophic Chondrocytes on Developmental Bone Modeling. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2039-2052. [PMID: 34155688 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In hypertrophic chondrocytes, β-catenin has two roles. First, it locally suppresses the differentiation of osteoclasts at the chondro-osseous junction by maintaining the pro-osteoclastic factor receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) at low levels. Second, it promotes the differentiation of osteoblast-precursors from chondrocytes. Yet, β-catenin is a dual-function protein, which can either participate in cell-cell adherens junctions or serve as a transcriptional co-activator in canonical Wnt signaling interacting with T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors. Hence, whenever studying tissue-specific requirements of β-catenin using a conventional conditional knockout approach, the functional mechanisms underlying the defects in the conditional mutants remain ambiguous. To decipher mechanistically which of the two molecular functions of β-catenin is required in hypertrophic chondrocytes, we used different approaches. We analyzed the long bones of newborn mice carrying either the null-alleles of Lef1 or Tcf7, or mice in which Tcf7l2 was conditionally deleted in the hypertrophic chondrocytes, as well as double mutants for Lef1 and Tcf7l2, and Tcf7 and Tcf7l2. Furthermore, we analyzed Ctnnb1 mutant newborns expressing a signaling-defective allele that retains the cell adhesion function in hypertrophic chondrocytes. None of the analyzed Tcf/Lef single or double mutants recapitulated the previously published phenotype upon loss of β-catenin in hypertrophic chondrocytes. However, using this particular Ctnnb1 allele, maintaining cell adhesion function, we show that it is the co-transcriptional activity of β-catenin, which is required in hypertrophic chondrocytes to suppress osteoclastogenesis and to promote chondrocyte-derived osteoblast differentiation. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena I Wolff
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Astrid Houben
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Fabritius
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
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21
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Qin J, Huang X, Wang N, Zhou P, Zhang H, Chen Z, Liang K, Gong D, Zeng Q, Niu P, Chen A, Yuan L, Yang Z, Su L, Shen N, Deng J, Yu D. Supranutritional selenium suppresses ROS-induced generation of RANKL-expressing osteoclastogenic CD4 + T cells and ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1338. [PMID: 34584694 PMCID: PMC8452973 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The benefit of Se supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been tested in clinical trials, but results remain inconclusive. The objective of this study was to specifically investigate the potential benefit of supranutritional Se by examining human samples from an area with supranutritional Se intake and testing a mouse model of RA. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients (N = 57) and healthy controls (HC, N = 71) from an area of supranutritional Se intake (Enshi, Hubei, China) were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokine and Se levels were measured by cytometric beads array (CBA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. With sufficient or supranutritional selenium intake, mice were induced with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and examined for disease activity and immunopathology. The influence of Se supplementation in the generation of RANKL-expressing osteoclastogenic CD4+ T cells was investigated by in vitro assays. RESULTS In Enshi city, HC showed the above-normal concentrations of serum Se concentrations while RA patients were enriched in the normal range (70-150 ng mL-1) or below. RA patients with higher Se levels demonstrated milder disease and lower levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, RANKL and Th17 cells. In the mouse CIA model, supranutritional Se supplementation delayed disease onset, ameliorated joint pathology and reduced CD4+CD44+RANKL+ T cells. Se supplementation could suppress RANKL expression in cultured mouse Th17 cells. CONCLUSION Supranutritional Se suppresses RANKL-expressing osteoclastogenic CD4+ T cells and could be beneficial to RA, which warrants formal testing in randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Qin
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of RheumatologyMinda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshiChina
| | - Naiqi Wang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and HealthSchool of Pharmaceutical ScienceShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Zhian Chen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Kaili Liang
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dongcheng Gong
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qunxiong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Niu
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of RheumatologyMinda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshiChina
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic DiseasesMinda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshiChina
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsMinda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshiChina
| | - Linchong Su
- Department of RheumatologyMinda Hospital of Hubei Minzu UniversityEnshiChina
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Deng
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Di Yu
- Shanghai Institute of RheumatologyChina‐Australia Centre for Personalized ImmunologyRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and HealthSchool of Pharmaceutical ScienceShandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
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22
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Effects of Extracellular Osteoanabolic Agents on the Endogenous Response of Osteoblastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092383. [PMID: 34572032 PMCID: PMC8471159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex multidimensional skeletal organization can adapt its structure in accordance with external contexts, demonstrating excellent self-renewal capacity. Thus, optimal extracellular environmental properties are critical for bone regeneration and inextricably linked to the mechanical and biological states of bone. It is interesting to note that the microstructure of bone depends not only on genetic determinants (which control the bone remodeling loop through autocrine and paracrine signals) but also, more importantly, on the continuous response of cells to external mechanical cues. In particular, bone cells sense mechanical signals such as shear, tensile, loading and vibration, and once activated, they react by regulating bone anabolism. Although several specific surrounding conditions needed for osteoblast cells to specifically augment bone formation have been empirically discovered, most of the underlying biomechanical cellular processes underneath remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, exogenous stimuli of endogenous osteogenesis can be applied to promote the mineral apposition rate, bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, as well as expediting fracture repair and bone regeneration. The following review summarizes the latest studies related to the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, enhanced by mechanical forces or supplemental signaling factors (such as trace metals, nutraceuticals, vitamins and exosomes), providing a thorough overview of the exogenous osteogenic agents which can be exploited to modulate and influence the mechanically induced anabolism of bone. Furthermore, this review aims to discuss the emerging role of extracellular stimuli in skeletal metabolism as well as their potential roles and provide new perspectives for the treatment of bone disorders.
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23
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Vazquez-Villegas ML, Rodriguez-Jimenez NA, Contreras-Haro B, Vasquez-Jimenez JC, Perez-Guerrero EE, Moran-Moguel MC, Sánchez-Rodríguez EN, Villagómez-Vega A, Nuño-Arana I, Becerra-Alvarado IN, Rubio-Arellano ED, Nava-Valdivia CA, Ponce-Guarneros JM, Fajardo-Robledo NS, Nava-Zavala AH, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Saldaña-Cruz AM. Genotypic Analyses of the Sclerostin rs851056 and Dickkopf rs1569198 Polymorphisms in Mexican-Mestizo Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Case-Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:211-217. [PMID: 33734895 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Wnt/β catenin pathway promotes bone mineralization stimulating proliferation, differentiation, and survival of osteoblasts; it also inhibits osteoclast differentiation and osteocyte activity. Sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) are Wnt/β catenin pathway inhibitors. Genetic variability in the expression of SOST and DKK1 might be involved in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP). Aim: To determine whether the SOST rs851056 and DKK1 rs1569198 polymorphisms are associated with OP in Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and eighty Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women were assessed for their bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Patients were classified as OP or non-OP. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Results: The frequency of OP was 40% among the study population. Osteoporotic patients were older (p < 0.001), had a higher frequency of smoking (p = 0.01), and lower body mass index (p < 0.001) compared with the non-osteoporotic patients. The genotypic frequencies of the rs851056 locus of the SOST gene were GG 19%, GC 45%, and CC 35%, whereas the genotypic frequencies of the rs1569198 locus of the DKK1 gene were GG 15%, GA 40%, and AA 44%. In relation to rs851056 locus of the SOST gene, no differences were observed between the OP and non-OP cohorts in the frequencies of the GC polymorphism (48.7% vs. 43.1%). Similarly, analyses of the DKK1 rs1569198 does not demonstrate differences in the GA genotypic frequencies between the OP and non-OP cohorts (42.5% vs. 38.9%). Conclusion: Polymorphisms SOST rs851056 and DKK1 rs1569198 polymorphisms are not associated with OP in Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Vazquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Unidad de Medicina Familiar N°, 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, México
| | - Norma A Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Betsabe Contreras-Haro
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, México
| | - Jose C Vasquez-Jimenez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Edsaul E Perez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Maria-Cristina Moran-Moguel
- Departamento de Disciplinas Fisiológico, Metodológico e Instrumental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Esther N Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alejandra Villagómez-Vega
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ismael Nuño-Arana
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, México
| | - Itzel N Becerra-Alvarado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edy D Rubio-Arellano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Cesar A Nava-Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Juan M Ponce-Guarneros
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Nicte S Fajardo-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo H Nava-Zavala
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México.,Programa Internacional Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México.,División de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan, México
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.,Departamento de Salud Pública, Doctorado en Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ana M Saldaña-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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24
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Guo F, Seldin M, Péterfy M, Charugundla S, Zhou Z, Lee SD, Mouton A, Rajbhandari P, Zhang W, Pellegrini M, Tontonoz P, Lusis AJ, Shih DM. NOTUM promotes thermogenic capacity and protects against diet-induced obesity in male mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16409. [PMID: 34385484 PMCID: PMC8361163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that NOTUM, a liver-secreted Wnt inhibitor, can acutely promote browning of white adipose. We now report studies of chronic overexpression of NOTUM in liver indicating that it protects against diet-induced obesity and improves glucose homeostasis in mice. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used to overexpress GFP or mouse Notum in the livers of male C57BL/6J mice and the mice were fed an obesifying diet. After 14 weeks of high fat, high sucrose diet feeding, the AAV-Notum mice exhibited decreased obesity and improved glucose tolerance compared to the AAV-GFP mice. Gene expression and immunoblotting analysis of the inguinal fat and brown fat revealed increased expression of beige/brown adipocyte markers in the AAV-Notum group, suggesting enhanced thermogenic capacity by NOTUM. A β3 adrenergic receptor agonist-stimulated lipolysis test suggested increased lipolysis capacity by NOTUM. The levels of collagen and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the epididymal white adipose tissue of the AAV-Notum mice were significantly reduced, suggesting decreased fibrosis and inflammation, respectively. RNA sequencing analysis of inguinal white adipose of 4-week chow diet-fed mice revealed a highly significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) functional cluster among the down-regulated genes in the AAV-Notum group, suggesting a potential mechanism contributing to improved glucose homeostasis. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that recombinant human NOTUM protein blocked the inhibitory effects of WNT3A on brown adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, NOTUM attenuated WNT3A’s effects on upregulation of TGF-β signaling and its downstream targets. Overall, our data suggest that NOTUM modulates adipose tissue function by promoting thermogenic capacity and inhibiting fibrosis through inhibition of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, A2-237 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, A2-237 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, A2-237 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Stephen D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alice Mouton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, A2-237 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.,The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, A2-237 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Diana M Shih
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, A2-237 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
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Effect of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and SP600125, a JNK Inhibitor, on Wnt Signaling in Canine Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastases. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080153. [PMID: 34437475 PMCID: PMC8402794 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) upregulates a noncanonical Wnt/JNK pathway, resulting in osteoclast stimulation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Ace-1-Dkk-1, a canine prostate cancer (PCa) cell line overexpressing Dkk-1, was used to investigate Wnt signaling pathways in PCa tumor growth. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, was used to examine whether it would decrease tumor growth and bone tumor phenotype in canine PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Ace-1-VectorYFP-Luc and Ace-1-Dkk-1YFP-Luc cells were transplanted subcutaneously, while Ace-1-Dkk-1YFP-Luc was transplanted intratibially into nude mice. The effects of Dkk-1 and SP600125 on cell proliferation, in vivo tumor growth, and bone tumor phenotype were investigated. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt/JNK-related genes were measured using RT-qPCR. Dkk-1 significantly increased the mRNA expression of Wnt/JNK-signaling-related genes. SP600125 significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation genes and downregulated osteoclastic-bone-lysis-related genes in vitro. SP600125 significantly decreased tumor volume and induced spindle-shaped tumor cells in vivo. Mice bearing intratibial tumors had increased radiographic density of the intramedullary new bone, large foci of osteolysis, and increased cortical lysis with abundant periosteal new bone formation. Finally, SP600125 has the potential to serve as an alternative adjuvant therapy in some early-stage PCa patients, especially those with high Dkk-1 expression.
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RANKL immunisation inhibits prostate cancer metastasis by modulating EMT through a RANKL-dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12186. [PMID: 34108600 PMCID: PMC8190078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) morbidity in the majority of patients is due to metastatic events, which are a clinical obstacle. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism underlying metastasis is imperative if we are to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) regulates bone remodelling. Thus, agents that suppress RANKL signalling may be useful pharmacological treatments. Here, we used preclinical experimental models to investigate whether an inactive form of RANKL affects bone metastasis in RANKL-induced PCa. RANKL was associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and expression of metastasis-related genes in PC3 cells. Therefore, we proposed a strategy to induce anti-cytokine antibodies using mutant RANKL as an immunogen. RANKL promoted migration and invasion of PC3 cells through EMT, and induced a significant increase in binding of β-catenin to TCF-4, an EMT-induced transcription factor in PCa cells, via mitogen-activated protein kinase and β-catenin/TCF-4 signalling. Thus, RANKL increased EMT and the metastatic properties of PC3 cells, suggesting a role as a therapeutic target to prevent PCa metastasis. Treatment with mutant RANKL reduced EMT and metastasis of PC3 PCa cells in an experimental metastasis model. Thus, mutant RANKL could serve as a potential vaccine to prevent and treat metastatic PCa.
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27
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Peng J, Dong Z, Hui Z, Aifei W, Lianfu D, Youjia X. Bone Sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein-1 are positively correlated with bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture, and bone strength in postmenopausal osteoporosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:480. [PMID: 34034718 PMCID: PMC8152077 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt-catenin signaling antagonists sclerostin and dickkopf-related protein-1 (Dkk-1) inhibit bone formation and are involved in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO). However, the association between sclerostin and Dkk-1 and bone mineral density (BMD) in women with PO remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the association between sclerostin and Dkk-1 and BMD, bone microarchitecture, and bone strength in PO. METHODS Trabecular bone specimens were obtained from the femoral heads of 76 Chinese women with PO who underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) was used to assess the BMD and bone microarchitecture of the trabecular bone. Subsequently, a mechanical test was performed. Finally, sclerostin and Dkk-1 in the bone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (Elisa) assay. Serum ionized serum ionised calcium, propeptide of type 1 collagen, C-terminal β-telopeptide of type-1 collagen, sclerostin, and Dkk-1 were also detected. RESULTS Bone sclerostin was positively correlated with serum ionised calcium, serum sclerostin, BMD, bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), maximum compressive force, and yield strength (r = 0.32, 0.906, 0.355, 0.401, 0.329, 0.355, and 0.293, respectively, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with age and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) (r = - 0.755 and - 0.503, respectively, P < 0.05). Bone Dkk-1 was positively correlated with serum ionised calcium, serum Dkk-1, BMD, BV/TV, trabecular thickness, Tb.N, maximum compressive force, yield strength, and Young's modulus (r = 0.38, 0.809, 0.293, 0.293, 0.228, 0.318, 0.352, 0.315, and 0.266, respectively, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with age and Tb.Sp (r = - 0.56 and - 0.38, respectively, P < 0.05). Serum levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 reflected the levels of sclerostin and Dkk-1 in the bone. CONCLUSION Bone sclerostin and Dkk-1 were positively correlated with BMD in women with PO, and higher levels of bone sclerostin and Dkk-1 might predict better BMD, bone microarchitecture, and bone strength. The potential molecular mechanisms still require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- Orthopedic Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhang Dong
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- Orthopedic Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wang Aifei
- Orthopedic Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Deng Lianfu
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu Youjia
- Orthopedic Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Osteoporosis Research Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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28
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Musculoskeletal complications associated with pathological iron toxicity and its molecular mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:747-759. [PMID: 33929529 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron is fundamental for several biological functions, but when in excess can lead to the development of toxic events. Some tissues and cells are more susceptible than others, but systemic iron levels can be controlled by treating patients with iron-chelating molecules and phlebotomy. An early diagnostic can be decisive to limit the progression of musculoskeletal complications like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis because of iron toxicity. In iron-related osteoarthritis, aggravation can be associated to a few events that can contribute to joints articular cartilage exposure to high iron concentrations, which can promote articular degeneration with very little chance of tissue regeneration. In contrast, bone metabolism is much more dynamic than cartilage, but progressive iron accumulation and ageing can be decisive factors for bone health. The iron overload associated with hereditary diseases like hemochromatosis, hemophilias, thalassemias and other hereditary anaemias increase the negative impact of iron toxicity in joints and bone, as well as in life quality, even when iron levels can be controlled. The molecular mechanisms by which iron can compromise cartilage and bone have been illusive and only in the last 20 years studies have started to shed some light into the molecular mechanisms associated with iron toxicity. Ferroptosis and the regulation of intracellular iron levels is instrumental in the balance between detoxification and induced cell death. In addition, these complications are accompanied with multiple susceptibility factors that can aggravate iron toxicity and should be identified. Therefore, understanding tissues microenvironment and cell communication is fundamental to contextualize iron toxicity.
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29
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Yao Y, Cai X, Ren F, Ye Y, Wang F, Zheng C, Qian Y, Zhang M. The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664871. [PMID: 33868316 PMCID: PMC8044404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells and osteoclasts in the bone marrow or joint cavity is the basis of osteoimmunity, in which the macrophage-osteoclast axis plays a vital role. Monocytes or tissue-specific macrophages (macrophages resident in tissues) are an important origin of osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environment. Although there are many reports on macrophages and osteoclasts, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity. Elucidating the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity is of great significance for the research or treatment of bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. In this article, we introduced in detail the concept of osteoimmunity and the mechanism and regulators of the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, we described the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in typical bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. These provide a clear knowledge framework for studying macrophages and osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environments. And targeting the macrophage-osteoclast axis may be an effective strategy to treat bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Polo Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) impairs human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) viability and osteogenic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:221-228. [PMID: 33706192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) viability and osteogenic differentiation play a critical role in bone disorders such as osteoporosis. In the present study, we identified the aberrant PLK4 upregulation in osteoporosis and downregulation in BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. In isolated hBMSCs, PLK4 overexpression significantly inhibited, whereas PLK4 knockdown promoted cell viability and hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. For molecular mechanism, PLK4 overexpression decreased, whereas PLK4 knockdown increased WNT1 and β-catenin protein levels and the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) or the BMP-Smads antagonist LDN193189 dramatically suppressed hBMSC osteoblast differentiation, and partially attenuated the promotive effects of PLK4 knockdown on hBMSC osteogenic differentiation. Altogether, PLK4 overexpression impairs hBMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation potential, possibly through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and BMP/Smads signaling.
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31
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Khalid AB, Pence J, Suthon S, Lin J, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. GATA4 regulates mesenchymal stem cells via direct transcriptional regulation of the WNT signalosome. Bone 2021; 144:115819. [PMID: 33338666 PMCID: PMC7855755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
GATA4 is a transcription factor that regulates osteoblast differentiation. However, GATA4 is expressed at a higher level in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than in osteoblasts. Therefore, the role of GATA4 in limb bud mesenchyme differentiation was investigated in mice by knocking out Gata4 using Cre-recombinase controlled by the Prx1 promoter (herein called Gata4 Prx-cKO mice). μCT analysis of the Gata4 Prx-cKO mice showed a decrease in trabecular bone properties compared with wildtype (Gata4fl/fl) littermates. Gata4 Prx-cKO mice have fewer MSCs as measured by CFU-F assays, mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC2) (flow cytometry of Sca1+/CD45-/CD34-/CD44hi) and nestin immunofluorescence. Gata4 Prx-cKO bone marrow-derived MSCs have a significant reduction in WNT ligands, including WNT10B, and WNT signalosome components compared to control cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that GATA4 is recruited to enhancers near Wnt3a, Wnt10b, Fzd6 and Dkk1. GATA4 also directly represses YAP in wildtype cells, and the absence of Gata4 leads to increased YAP expression. Together, we show that the decrease in MSCs is due to loss of Gata4 and a WNT10B-dependent positive autoregulatory loop. This leads to a concurrent increase of YAP and less activated β-catenin. These results explain the decreased trabecular bone in Gata4 Prx-cKO mice. We suggest that WNT signalosome activity in MSCs requires Gata4 and Wnt10b expression for lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Pence
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Jianjian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
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32
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Lehmann J, Thiele S, Baschant U, Rachner TD, Niehrs C, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Mice lacking DKK1 in T cells exhibit high bone mass and are protected from estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss. iScience 2021; 24:102224. [PMID: 33748710 PMCID: PMC7961106 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a negative regulator of bone formation and bone mass and is dysregulated in various bone diseases. How DKK1 contributes to postmenopausal osteoporosis, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mice lacking DKK1 in T cells are protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Ovariectomy activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased their production of DKK1. Co-culture of activated T cells with osteoblasts inhibited Wnt signaling in osteoblasts, leading to impaired differentiation. Importantly, DKK1 expression in T cells also controlled physiological bone remodeling. T-cell-deficient Dkk1 knock-out mice had a higher bone mass with an increased bone formation rate and decreased numbers of osteoclasts compared with controls, a phenotype that was rescued by adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells. Thus, these findings highlight that T cells control bone remodeling in health and disease via their expression of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lehmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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33
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Luo H, Chevillard L, Bellivier F, Mégarbane B, Etain B, Cisternino S, Declèves X. The role of brain barriers in the neurokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lithium. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105480. [PMID: 33549730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is the most widely used mood stabilizer in treating patients with bipolar disorder. However, more than half of the patients do not or partially respond to Li therapy, despite serum Li concentrations in the serum therapeutic range. The exact mechanisms underlying the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships of lithium are still poorly understood and alteration in the brain pharmacokinetics of lithium may be one of the mechanisms explaining the variability in the clinical response to Li. Brain barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) play a crucial role in controlling blood-to-brain and brain-to-blood exchanges of various molecules including central nervous system (CNS) drugs. Recent in vivo studies by nuclear resonance spectroscopy revealed heterogenous brain distribution of Li in human that were not always correlated with serum concentrations, suggesting regional and variable transport mechanisms of Li through the brain barriers. Moreover, alteration in the functionality and integrity of brain barriers is reported in various CNS diseases, as a cause or a consequence and in this regard, Li by itself is known to modulate BBB properties such as the expression and activity of various transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and the specialized tight junction proteins on BBB. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge into the role of the brain barriers as key-element in the Li neuropharmacokinetics which might improve the understanding of PK-PD of Li and its interindividual variability in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Luo
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Biologie du Médicament, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg, St. Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulates TNFSF11 Transcription by Binding to Glucocorticoid Responsive Element in TNFSF11 Proximal Promoter Region. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031054. [PMID: 33494362 PMCID: PMC7865994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid osteoporosis is a serious side effect of long term glucocorticoid uptake and it is caused by osteoblast apoptosis and imbalance in the major bone remodeling pathway RANK/RANKL/OPG. The impact of glucocorticoid on the maintenance of RANK/RANKL/OPG is well explored; dexamethasone was shown to disturb the ratio between OPG and RANKL level by decreasing the expression level of OPG and increasing level of RANKL. Here, were aimed to decipher whether glucocorticoid receptor directly influences RANKL promoter activity and its transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate that overexpression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) NR3C1 increased RANKL promoter activity in human osteosarcoma, cervical cancer (2-fold) and adenocarcinoma cells (4.5-fold). Mutational analysis revealed that +352 site in the RANKL promoter is functional glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) since the effect of GR on RANKL promoter activity was diminished by mutation at this site. Overexpression of NR3C1 upregulated RANKL mRNA expression 1.5-fold in human A549 and HOS cells. On the other hand silencing of NR3C1 caused slight decrease in RANKL mRNA level, suggesting that NR3C1 directly accounts for RANKL transcriptional regulation. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay we demonstrate that NR3C1 binds to the proximal RANKL promoter region. Our study provides evidences that NR3C1 directly upregulates RANKL transcription in human cell lines and connects the missing link in the mechanism of RANK/RANKL/OPG imbalance of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis.
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35
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Comeau-Gauthier M, Tarchala M, Luna JLRG, Harvey E, Merle G. Unleashing β-catenin with a new anti-Alzheimer drug for bone tissue regeneration. Injury 2020; 51:2449-2459. [PMID: 32829895 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is critical for bone differentiation and regeneration. Tideglusib, a selective FDA approved glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor, has been shown to promote dentine formation, but its effect on bone has not been examined. Our objective was to study the effect of localized Tideglusib administration on bone repair. Bone healing between Tideglusib treated and control mice was analysed at 7, 14 and 28 days postoperative (PO) with microCT, dynamic histomorphometry and immunohistology. There was a local downregulation of GSK-3β in Tideglusib animals, resulting in a significant increase in the amount of new bone formation with both enhanced cortical bone bridging and medullary bone deposition. The bone formation in the Tideglusib group was characterized by early osteoblast differentiation with down-regulation of GSK-3β at day 7 and 14, and higher accumulation of active β-catenin at day 14. Here, for the first time, we show a positive effect of Tideglusib on bone formation through the inactivation of GSK-3β. Furthermore, the findings suggest that Tideglusib does not interfere with precursor cell recruitment and commitment, contrary to other GSK-3β antagonists such as lithium chloride. Taken together, the results indicate that Tideglusib could be used directly at a fracture site during the initial intraoperative internal fixation without the need for further surgery, injection or drug delivery system. This FDA-approved drug may be useful in the future for the prevention of non-union in patients presenting with a high risk for fracture-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Comeau-Gauthier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Magdalena Tarchala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Qc., H3G 1A4 Canada.
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez-Garcia Luna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Rue de la Montaigne, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room A10-110, Montreal, Qc., H3G 1A4 Canada.
| | - Edward Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Bone Engineering Labs, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Room C10-124, Montreal, Qc., H3G 1A4 Canada.
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique J.-A.-Bombardier building Polytechnique Montréal C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Bao H, Liu D, Xu Y, Sun Y, Mu C, Yu Y, Wang C, Han Q, Liu S, Cai H, Liu F, Kong S, Deng W, Cao B, Wang H, Wang Q, Lu J. Hyperactivated Wnt-β-catenin signaling in the absence of sFRP1 and sFRP5 disrupts trophoblast differentiation through repression of Ascl2. BMC Biol 2020; 18:151. [PMID: 33109217 PMCID: PMC7592576 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt signaling is a critical determinant for the maintenance and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells, including trophoblast stem cells during placental development. Hyperactivation of Wnt signaling has been shown to be associated with human trophoblast diseases. However, little is known about the impact and underlying mechanisms of excessive Wnt signaling during placental trophoblast development. Results In the present work, we observed that two inhibitors of Wnt signaling, secreted frizzled-related proteins 1 and 5 (Sfrp1 and Sfrp5), are highly expressed in the extraembryonic trophoblast suggesting possible roles in early placental development. Sfrp1 and Sfrp5 double knockout mice exhibited disturbed trophoblast differentiation in the placental ectoplacental cone (EPC), which contains the precursors of trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and spongiotrophoblast cells. In addition, we employed mouse models expressing a truncated β-catenin with exon 3 deletion globally and trophoblast-specifically, as well as trophoblast stem cell lines, and unraveled that hyperactivation of canonical Wnt pathway exhausted the trophoblast precursor cells in the EPC, resulting in the overabundance of giant cells at the expense of spongiotrophoblast cells. Further examination uncovered that hyperactivation of canonical Wnt pathway disturbed trophoblast differentiation in the EPC via repressing Ascl2 expression. Conclusions Our investigations provide new insights that the homeostasis of canonical Wnt-β-catenin signaling is essential for EPC trophoblast differentiation during placental development, which is of high clinical relevance, since aberrant Wnt signaling is often associated with trophoblast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Bao
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Change Mu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanmei Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Cai
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cao
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Ohio, 43210, Columbus, USA.
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Fassio A, Adami G, Idolazzi L, Giollo A, Viapiana O, Vantaggiato E, Benini C, Rossini M, Dejaco C, Gatti D. Wnt Inhibitors and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients With Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Acute Effects of Glucocorticoid Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:551. [PMID: 33015101 PMCID: PMC7509037 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), data on bone turnover markers (BTM), on Wnt inhibitors (Dkk-1, sclerostin) and their changes induced by glucocorticoids (GC) are lacking. The aims of our study were to compare the baseline levels of Wnt inhibitors and BTM in PMR patients with healthy controls (HC) and to study their changes over the first 4 weeks of GC treatment. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 17 treatment-naïve patients affected by PMR and 17 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) from retired hospital personnel. PMR patients were administered methylprednisolone 16 mg daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken at baseline and at week 4 for the PMR group, a single sample was taken for HC. N-propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), sclerostin, Dkk-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were dosed. Results: At baseline, Dkk-1 was significantly higher in the PMR group as compared to HC (p = 0.002) while PINP, CTX-I and sclerostin levels were comparable between PMR patients and HC, After 4 weeks of GC treatment we found in the PMR group a decrease of PINP (mean ± SD percentage decrement as compared to baseline −40 ± 18.6%, p < 0.001), CTX-I (−23.5 ± 41.3%, p = 0.032), Dkk-1 (−22.4 ± 39.6, p = 0.033), and sclerostin (−32.49 ± 20.47, p < 0.001) as compared to baseline levels. Conclusions: In treatment-naïve PMR, systemic inflammation is associated with a dysregulation of the Wnt system (increased Dkk-1). Within the 1st month, treatment with GC showed noteworthy effects on bone resorption, formation, and on Wnt pathway modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Fassio
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Idolazzi
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Dejaco
- Rheumatology Service, South Tyrolean Health Trust, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Davide Gatti
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Raimondi L, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Raimondo S, Gallo A, Taiana E, Alessandro R, Rossi M, Neri A, Viglietto G, Amodio N. Non-Coding RNAs in Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease Pathophysiology. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030037. [PMID: 32916806 PMCID: PMC7549375 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is uncoupled in the multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow niche, resulting in enhanced osteoclastogenesis responsible of MM-related bone disease (MMBD). Several studies have disclosed the mechanisms underlying increased osteoclast formation and activity triggered by the various cellular components of the MM bone marrow microenvironment, leading to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. In this regard, recent attention has been given to non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, that finely tune gene expression programs involved in bone homeostasis both in physiological and pathological settings. In this review, we will analyze major signaling pathways involved in MMBD pathophysiology, and report emerging evidence of their regulation by different classes of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche–SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (N.A.); Tel.: +39-091-6236011 (L.R.); +39-0961-3694159 (N.A.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche–SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche–SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Alessia Gallo
- IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Research Department, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (A.N.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (R.A.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.); (G.V.)
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (A.N.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.); (G.V.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.R.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (N.A.); Tel.: +39-091-6236011 (L.R.); +39-0961-3694159 (N.A.)
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Jacobsson M, van Raalte DH, Heijboer AC, den Heijer M, de Jongh RT. Short-Term Glucocorticoid Treatment Reduces Circulating Sclerostin Concentrations in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10341. [PMID: 32803106 PMCID: PMC7422706 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid use is the most common cause of osteoporosis in young individuals. In the current study, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoid treatment on circulating sclerostin concentrations and serum bone turnover markers in healthy young men. We performed additional measurements in two combined randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, dose–response intervention studies: 64 healthy men (age: 22 ± 2 years; BMI: 22.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were allocated to receive placebo (n = 16), prednisolone 7.5 mg once daily (n = 24), or prednisolone 30 mg once daily (n = 24) for 2 weeks using block randomization. Primary outcome variables were serum sclerostin and serum bone turnover markers (CTx and P1NP), before and after the intervention. Baseline characteristics and variables did not differ between intervention groups. Compared with placebo, prednisolone high‐dose decreased serum sclerostin concentrations (−8.5 [−28.0 to 7.3] versus 1.5 [−6.5 to 20.0] pg/mL, p = 0.048), decreased P1NP concentrations (−28.0 [−39.3 to −18.3] versus –1.5 [−15.3 to 11.3] μg/L, p < 0.001) and increased CTx concentrations (108.0 [55.0 to 177.0] versus 64.0 [−24.3 to 120.0] ng/L, p = 0.038). Compared with placebo, prednisolone low‐dose did not alter sclerostin concentrations (p = 0.5) or CTx concentrations (p = 0.7), but tended to decrease P1NP concentrations (−9.0 [−24.0 to −1.3] versus –1.5 [−15.3 to 11.3] μg/L, p = 0.095). At baseline concentrations of sclerostin were positively correlated with concentrations of CTx (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = +0.409, p = 0.001), but not with P1NP. No significant correlations were observed between changes in outcome variables during the interventions. Short‐term high‐dose, but not low‐dose, prednisolone treatment reduces serum sclerostin concentrations in healthy young men. Whether this reflects a counter regulatory mechanism to compensate glucocorticoid‐induced negative effects through other mechanisms remains to be elucidated. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Jacobsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Renate T de Jongh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Tyson J, Bundy K, Roach C, Douglas H, Ventura V, Segars MF, Schwartz O, Simpson CL. Mechanisms of the Osteogenic Switch of Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Calcification: WNT Signaling, BMPs, Mechanotransduction, and EndMT. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030088. [PMID: 32781528 PMCID: PMC7552614 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized by the hardening of arteries, vascular calcification is the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the arterial tissue. Calcification is now understood to be a cell-regulated process involving the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells. There are various pathways of initiation and mechanisms behind vascular calcification, but this literature review highlights the wingless-related integration site (WNT) pathway, along with bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and mechanical strain. The process mirrors that of bone formation and remodeling, as an increase in mechanical stress causes osteogenesis. Observing the similarities between the two may aid in the development of a deeper understanding of calcification. Both are thought to be regulated by the WNT signaling cascade and bone morphogenetic protein signaling and can also be activated in response to stress. In a pro-calcific environment, integrins and cadherins of vascular smooth muscle cells respond to a mechanical stimulus, activating cellular signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in gene regulation that promotes calcification of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM). The endothelium is also thought to contribute to vascular calcification via endothelial to mesenchymal transition, creating greater cell plasticity. Each of these factors contributes to calcification, leading to increased cardiovascular mortality in patients, especially those suffering from other conditions, such as diabetes and kidney failure. Developing a better understanding of the mechanisms behind calcification may lead to the development of a potential treatment in the future.
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Doherty L, Sanjay A. LGRs in Skeletal Tissues: An Emerging Role for Wnt-Associated Adult Stem Cell Markers in Bone. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10380. [PMID: 32666024 PMCID: PMC7340442 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) are adult stem cell markers that have been described across various stem cell niches, and expression of LGRs and their corresponding ligands (R-spondins) has now been reported in multiple bone-specific cell types. The skeleton harbors elusive somatic stem cell populations that are exceedingly compartment-specific and under tight regulation from various signaling pathways. Skeletal progenitors give rise to multiple tissues during development and during regenerative processes of bone, requiring postnatal endochondral and intramembranous ossification. The relevance of LGRs and the LGR/R-spondin ligand interaction in bone and tooth biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. LGRs may define specific stem cell and progenitor populations and their behavior during both development and regeneration, and their role as Wnt-associated receptors with specific ligands poses these proteins as unique therapeutic targets via potential R-spondin agonism. This review seeks to outline the current literature on LGRs in the context of bone and its associated tissues, and points to key future directions for studying the functional role of LGRs and ligands in skeletal biology. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doherty
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUConn HealthFarmingtonCTUSA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUConn HealthFarmingtonCTUSA
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Li Y, Gong H, Ding J, Zhao F, Du J, Wan J, Zhang J, Liu S, Li J, Wang L, Zhou B. Inhibition of GSK3 Represses the Expression of Retinoic Acid Synthetic Enzyme ALDH1A2 via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in WiT49 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:94. [PMID: 32258025 PMCID: PMC7092725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis, including renal development, requires an appropriate retinoic acid concentration, which is established by differential expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2 (ALDH1A2) and cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A/B/C member 1 (CYP26A1/B1/C1). In the fetal kidney, ALDH1A2 expresses in the developing stroma and renal vesicle and its derivatives but does not present in the ureteric bud. It remains unclear what may contribute to this expression pattern. Here we show that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta (GSK3A/B) inhibitor CHIR99021 significantly represses ALDH1A2 expression in WiT49, which is a Wilms’ tumor cell line that exhibits “triphasic” differential potential and is used as a fetal kidney cell model. CHIR99021 fails to suppress ALDH1A2 as β-catenin is inhibited, suggesting that the downregulation of ALDH1A2 by CHIR99021 is through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Ectopic expression of mouse Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt4, and Wnt9b represses ALDH1A2 expression in WiT49 cells. Using immunohistochemistry, we show an inverse correlation of Aldh1a2 expression with β-catenin in rat E18.5 kidney. ChIP demonstrated that β-catenin is recruited to the ALDH1A2 promoter, the conserved intron1G, and another site within intron 1 of ALDH1A2. Using a luciferase assay, we further show that the ALDH1A2 promoter and the intron1G element are involved in the repression of ALDH1A2 expression by CHIR99021. Our work demonstrates that ALDH1A2 expression can be directly repressed by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fetal kidney cells, suggesting that Wnt/β-catenin may play a role in maintaining the expression pattern of ALDH1A2 in the fetal kidney, thus controlling the availability and localization of retinoic acid and regulating aspects of kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangfeng Ding
- Department of Stomotology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fujuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jihui Du
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Riquelme MA, Cardenas ER, Xu H, Jiang JX. The Role of Connexin Channels in the Response of Mechanical Loading and Unloading of Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031146. [PMID: 32050469 PMCID: PMC7038207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton adapts to mechanical loading to promote bone formation and remodeling. While most bone cells are involved in mechanosensing, it is well accepted that osteocytes are the principal mechanosensory cells. The osteocyte cell body and processes are surrounded by a fluid-filled space, forming an extensive lacuno-canalicular network. The flow of interstitial fluid is a major stress-related factor that transmits mechanical stimulation to bone cells. The long dendritic processes of osteocytes form a gap junction channel network connecting not only neighboring osteocytes, but also cells on the bone surface, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Mechanosensitive osteocytes also form hemichannels that mediate the communication between the cytoplasmic and extracellular microenvironment. This paper will discuss recent research progress regarding connexin (Cx)-forming gap junctions and hemichannels in osteocytes, osteoblasts, and other bone cells, including those richly expressing Cx43. We will then cover the recent progress regarding the regulation of these channels by mechanical loading and the role of integrins and signals in mediating Cx43 channels, and bone cell function and viability. Finally, we will summarize the recent studies regarding bone responses to mechanical unloading in Cx43 transgenic mouse models. The osteocyte has been perceived as the center of bone remodeling, and connexin channels enriched in osteocytes are a likely major player in meditating the function of bone. Based on numerous studies, connexin channels may present as a potential new therapeutic target in the treatment of bone loss and osteoporosis. This review will primarily focus on Cx43, with some discussion in other connexins expressed in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Riquelme
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Eduardo R. Cardenas
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.R.C.)
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.R.); (E.R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-210-562-4094
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Fouad-Elhady EA, Aglan HA, Hassan RE, Ahmed HH, Sabry GM. Modulation of bone turnover aberration: A target for management of primary osteoporosis in experimental rat model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03341. [PMID: 32072048 PMCID: PMC7011045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal degenerative disease characterised by abnormal bone turnover with scant bone formation and overabundant bone resorption. The present approach was intended to address the potency of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (nCh/HA) and silver/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nAg/HA) to modulate bone turnover deviation in primary osteoporosis induced in the experimental model. Characterisation techniques such as TEM, zeta-potential, FT-IR and XRD were used to assess the morphology, the physical as well as the chemical features of the prepared nanostructures. The in vivo experiment was conducted on forty-eight adult female rats, randomised into 6 groups (8 rats/group), (1) gonad-intact, (2) osteoporotic group, (3) osteoporotic + nHA, (4) osteoporotic + nCh/HA, (5) osteoporotic + nAg/HA and (6) osteoporotic + alendronate (ALN). After three months of treatment, serum sclerostin (SOST), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) levels were quantified using ELISA. Femur bone receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and cathepsin K (CtsK) mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, alizarin red S staining was applied to determine the mineralisation intensity of femur bone. Findings in the present study indicated that treatment with nHA, nCh/HA or nAg/HA leads to significant repression of serum SOST, BALP and BSP levels parallel to a significant down-regulation of RANKL and CtsK gene expression levels. On the other side, significant enhancement in the calcification intensity of femur bone has been noticed. The outcomes of this experimental setting ascertained the potentiality of nHA, nCh/HA and nAg/HA as promising nanomaterials in attenuating the excessive bone turnover in the primary osteoporotic rat model. The mechanisms behind the efficacy of the investigated nanostructures involved the obstacle of serum and tissue indices of bone resorption besides the strengthening of bone mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A Fouad-Elhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeer A Aglan
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gilane M Sabry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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45
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Marino S, Petrusca DN, Roodman GD. Therapeutic targets in myeloma bone disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1907-1922. [PMID: 31647573 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy and is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells within the bone marrow. MM is the most frequent cancer involving the skeleton, causing osteolytic lesions, bone pain and pathological fractures that dramatically decrease MM patients' quality of life and survival. MM bone disease (MBD) results from uncoupling of bone remodelling in which excessive bone resorption is not compensated by new bone formation, due to a persistent suppression of osteoblast activity. Current management of MBD includes antiresorptive agents, bisphosphonates and denosumab, that are only partially effective due to their inability to repair the existing lesions. Thus, research into agents that prevent bone destruction and more importantly repair existing lesions by inducing new bone formation is essential. This review discusses the mechanisms regulating the uncoupled bone remodelling in MM and summarizes current advances in the treatment of MBD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Nam D, Balasuberamaniam P, Milner K, Kunz M, Vachhani K, Kiss A, Whyne C. Lithium for Fracture Treatment (LiFT): a double-blind randomised control trial protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031545. [PMID: 31915160 PMCID: PMC6955565 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fracture healing can fail in up to 10% of cases despite appropriate treatment. While lithium has been the standard treatment for bipolar disorder, it may also have a significant impact to increase bone healing in patients with long bone fractures. To translate this knowledge into clinical practice, a randomised clinical trial (RCT) is proposed. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A multicentre double blind, placebo-controlled RCT is proposed to evaluate the efficacy of lithium to increase the rate and predictability of long bone fracture healing in healthy adults compared to lactose placebo treatment. 160 healthy individuals from 18 to 55 years of age presenting with shaft fractures of the femur, tibia/fibula, humerus or clavicle will be eligible. Fractures will be randomised to placebo (lactose) or treatment (300 mg lithium carbonate) group within 2 weeks of the injury. The primary outcome measure will be radiographic union defined as visible callus bridging on three of the four cortices at the fracture site using a validated radiographic union score. Secondary outcome measures will include functional assessment and pain scoring. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Participant confidentiality will be maintained with publication of results. Research Ethics Board Approval: Sunnybrook Research Institute (REB # 356-2016). Health Canada Approval (HC6-24-C201560). Results of the main trial and secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02999022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Nam
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katrine Milner
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritic Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Kunz
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritic Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathak Vachhani
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Research Design and Biostatistics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cari Whyne
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Chen C, Hao X, Geng Z, Wang Z. ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of MG63 in response to HIF-1α inducers. J Proteomics 2020; 211:103558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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48
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Pezhman L, Sheikhzadeh Hesari F, Ghiasi R, Alipour MR. Swim training affects bone canonical Wnt pathway in type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin in male rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:465-469. [PMID: 29950115 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1484770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Susceptibility to diabetes-induced bone complication has been linked to Wnt signaling, which plays an important role in bone development and remodeling. In this study, the effect of swim training on Wnt pathway in T2DM was investigated. Materials and methods: Forty male rats were assigned to groups: control (C), diabetic (D), exercised control (E) and diabetic exercised (DE). One week after the induction of diabetes, animals were subjected to swim. At the end of training, bone gene and protein levels of SOST, RUNX2 and RANKL/OPG ratio were measured. Results: Diabetes could significantly increase bone sclerostin expression levels, while decreased RUNX2 mRNA and protein. Bone RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly lower in diabetic rats compared to control group. Swim training significantly increased this ratio in DE compared to D group. Conclusion: Swim training could partially compensate the diabetes-associated changes of Wnt pathway possibly by moderating sclerostin or blood sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | | | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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de Souza Malta F, Napimoga MH, Marins LM, Miranda TS, de Oliveira FB, Posch AT, Feres M, Duarte PM. Lithium chloride assuages bone loss in experimental periodontitis in estrogen-deficient rats. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2025-2036. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Sex-determining region Y (SRY) attributes to gender differences in RANKL expression and incidence of osteoporosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-16. [PMID: 31409771 PMCID: PMC6802671 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) plays a crucial role in bone metabolism. RANKL gene misregulation has been implicated in several bone and cancer diseases. Here, we aimed to identify novel transcription regulators of RANKL expression. We discovered that transcription factors, sex-determining region Y (SRY) and c-Myb, regulate RANKL expression. We demonstrated that c-Myb increases and male-specific SRY decreases RANKL expression through direct binding to its 5’-proximal promoter. These results are corroborated by the gene expression in human bone samples. In osteoporotic men, expression of RANKL is 17-fold higher, which correlates with the drastically reduced expression (200-fold) of Sry, suggesting that in osteoporotic men, the upregulation of RANKL is caused by a decrease of Sry. In healthy men, the expression of RANKL is 20% higher than that in healthy women. Our data suggest that gender differences in RANKL expression and bone quality could be due to the sex-specific transcription factor SRY. A male-specific gene offers clues to diagnosis and treatment of age-related osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was known to be linked to higher expression levels of RANKL, a gene that induces bone resorption, but the details were poorly understood. Nika Lovsin at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia and co-workers searched for the genetic switches that control RANKL levels. They found that SRY, a gene on the male-specific Y chromosome, was a strong repressor of RANKL. In bone samples from osteoporotic men, expression levels of SRY levels were low and those of RANKL were high, suggesting that in men, when SRY fails to keep the bone-resorbing RANKL in check, osteoporosis results. SRY shows promise as an osteoporosis marker in men, or for development of treatment for both genders. Future research could address what triggers decreased SRY expression in men.
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