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Englisch CN, Diebolt CM, Schaudien D, Klamminger GG, Kirstein E, Junker K, Wagner M, Tschernig T. Proximal Tubular TRPC3 Immunostaining Is Reduced in Human Nephrocalcinosis. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102109. [PMID: 39094476 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colya N Englisch
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Coline M Diebolt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gilbert Georg Klamminger
- Department of General and Special Pathology, Saarland University (USAAR), Saarland University Medical Center (UKS), Homburg, Germany
| | - Emilie Kirstein
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Wagner
- Department of General and Special Pathology, Saarland University (USAAR), Saarland University Medical Center (UKS), Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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2
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Wu KC, Leong IL, Leung YM. Ca 2+-sensing receptor-TRP channel-mediated Ca 2+ signaling: Functional diversity and pharmacological complexity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176717. [PMID: 38857682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, and was initially known for its regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. Ubiquitous expression of CaSR in different tissues and organs was later noted and CaSR participation in various physiological functions was demonstrated. Accumulating evidence has suggested that CaSR functionally interacts with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are mostly non-selective cation channels involved in sensing temperature, pain and stress. This review describes the interactions of CaSR with TRP channels in diverse cell types to trigger a variety of biological responses. CaSR has been known to interact with different types of G proteins. Possible involvements of G proteins, other signaling and scaffolding protein intermediates in CaSR-TRP interaction are discussed. In addition, an attempt will be made to extend the current understanding of biased agonism of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Iat-Lon Leong
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Staruschenko A, Alexander RT, Caplan MJ, Ilatovskaya DV. Calcium signalling and transport in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:541-555. [PMID: 38641658 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The kidney plays a pivotal role in regulating calcium levels within the body. Approximately 98% of the filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the nephron, and this process is tightly controlled to maintain calcium homeostasis, which is required to facilitate optimal bone mineralization, preserve serum calcium levels within a narrow range, and support intracellular signalling mechanisms. The maintenance of these functions is attributed to a delicate balance achieved by various calcium channels, transporters, and calcium-binding proteins in renal cells. Perturbation of this balance due to deficiency or dysfunction of calcium channels and calcium-binding proteins can lead to severe complications. For example, polycystic kidney disease is linked to aberrant calcium transport and signalling. Furthermore, dysregulation of calcium levels can promote the formation of kidney stones. This Review provides an updated description of the key aspects of calcium handling in the kidney, focusing on the function of various calcium channels and the physiological stimuli that control these channels or are communicated through them. A discussion of the role of calcium as an intracellular second messenger and the pathophysiology of renal calcium dysregulation, as well as a summary of gaps in knowledge and future prospects, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women's and Children's Health Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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4
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Zhou Z, Gao P, Zhang T, Yang Y, Ding Q, Wu Z, Wang L. Functional analysis reveals calcium-sensing receptor gene regulating cell-cell junction in renal tubular epithelial cells. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:2165-2177. [PMID: 38372840 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) influences the expression pattern of multiple genes in renal tubular epithelial cells. The objective of this inquiry was to explore the molecular mechanisms of CASR in renal tubular epithelial cells and nephrolithiasis. METHODS HK-2 cells were transfected with lentiviruses carrying either CASR (named CASR) or an empty vector negative control (named NC), as well as shRNA intended to target CASR (named shCASR) or its corresponding negative control (named shNC). CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of CASR on the proliferation of HK-2 cells. RNA-Sequencing was applied to explore potential pathways regulated by CASR in HK-2 cells. RESULTS PCR and western blot results showed that CASR expression was significantly increased in CASR cells and was decreased in shCASR cells when compared to their corresponding negative control, respectively. CCK-8 assay revealed that CASR inhibited the proliferation of HK-2 cells. RNA-Sequencing results suggested that the shCASR HK-2 cells exhibited a significant up-regulation of 345 genes and a down-regulation of 366 genes. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to cell apoptosis and cell development. In CASR HK-2 cells, 1103 DEGs primarily functioned in mitochondrial energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. With the Venn diagram, 4 DEGs (Clorf116, ENPP3, IL20RB, and CLDN2) were selected as the hub genes regulated by CASR. Enrichment analysis revealed that these hub genes were involved in cell-cell junction, and epithelial cell development. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our investigation has the potential to offer novel perspectives on CASR regulating cell-cell junction in HK-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Urology Centre, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lujia Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Song Q, Song C, Chen X, Xiong Y, He Z, Su X, Zhou J, Ke H, Dong C, Liao W, Yang S. Oxalate regulates crystal-cell adhesion and macrophage metabolism via JPT2/PI3K/AKT signaling to promote the progression of kidney stones. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100956. [PMID: 39035219 PMCID: PMC11259813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxalate is an organic dicarboxylic acid that is a common component of plant foods. The kidneys are essential organs for oxalate excretion, but excessive oxalates may induce kidney stones. Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2 (JPT2) is a critical molecule in Ca2+ mobilization, and its intrinsic mechanism in oxalate exposure and kidney stones remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of JPT2 in oxalate exposure and kidney stones. Genetic approaches were used to control JPT2 expression in cells and mice, and the JPT2 mechanism of action was analyzed using transcriptomics and untargeted metabolomics. The results showed that oxalate exposure triggered the upregulation of JPT2, which is involved in nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-mediated Ca2+ mobilization. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cell adhesion and macrophage inflammatory polarization were inhibited by JPT2 knockdown, and these were dominated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics indicated that JPT2 knockdown inhibited the production of succinic acid semialdehyde (SSA) in macrophages. Furthermore, JPT2 deficiency in mice inhibited kidney stones mineralization. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that oxalate exposure facilitates kidney stones by promoting crystal-cell adhesion, and modulating macrophage metabolism and inflammatory polarization via JPT2/PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ziqi He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaozhe Su
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Caitao Dong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Salmória LA, Ibelli AMG, Tavernari FC, Peixoto JO, Morés MAZ, Marcelino DEP, Pinto KDS, Coldebella A, Surek D, Kawski VL, Ledur MC. CYP24A1 and TRPC3 Gene Expression in Kidneys and Their Involvement in Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1407. [PMID: 38791624 PMCID: PMC11117318 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca and P homeostasis across the egg-laying cycle is a complex process involving absorption in the small intestine, reabsorption/excretion in the kidneys, and eggshell gland secretion. Diets with inadequate calcium and phosphorus can interfere with their absorption and digestibility, resulting in eggshell quality losses and reduced productive life, affecting egg production and welfare. A better understanding of gene expression profiles in the kidneys of laying hens during the late egg-laying period could clarify the renal role in mineral metabolism at this late stage. Therefore, the performance, egg quality and bone integrity-related traits, and expression profiles of kidney candidate genes were evaluated in 73-week-old laying hens receiving different Ca and P ratios in their diet: a high Ca/P ratio (HR, 22.43), a low ratio (LR, 6.71), and a medium ratio (MR, 11.43). The laying hens receiving the HR diet had improved egg production and eggshell quality traits compared to the other two groups. Humerus length was shorter in the HR than in the other groups. The CYP24A1 and TRPC3 genes were differentially expressed (p.adj ≤ 0.05) among the groups. Therefore, their expression profiles could be involved in calcium and phosphate transcellular transport in 73-week-old laying hens as a way to keep mineral absorption at adequate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Alves Salmória
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85015-430, PR, Brazil; (L.A.S.); (J.O.P.)
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85015-430, PR, Brazil; (L.A.S.); (J.O.P.)
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Fernando Castro Tavernari
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Jane Oliveira Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85015-430, PR, Brazil; (L.A.S.); (J.O.P.)
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Diego Surek
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Vicky Lilge Kawski
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, SC, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (M.A.Z.M.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (V.L.K.)
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
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Awuah Boadi E, Shin S, Choi BE, Ly K, Raub CB, Bandyopadhyay BC. Sex-specific Stone-forming Phenotype in Mice During Hypercalciuria/Urine Alkalinization. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102047. [PMID: 38452902 PMCID: PMC11103239 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in kidney stone formation are well known. Females generally have slightly acidic blood and higher urine pH when compared with males, which makes them more vulnerable to calcium stone formation, yet the mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to examine the role of sex in stone formation during hypercalciuria and urine alkalinization through acetazolamide and calcium gluconate supplementation, respectively, for 4 weeks in wild-type (WT) and moderately hypercalciuric [TRPC3 knockout [KO](-/-)] male and female mice. Our goal was to develop calcium phosphate (CaP) and CaP+ calcium oxalate mixed stones in our animal model to understand the underlying sex-based mechanism of calcium nephrolithiasis. Our results from the analyses of mice urine, serum, and kidney tissues show that female mice (WT and KO) produce more urinary CaP crystals, higher [Ca2+], and pH in urine compared to their male counterparts. We identified a sex-based relationship of stone-forming phenotypes (types of stones) in our mice model following urine alkalization/calcium supplementation, and our findings suggest that female mice are more susceptible to CaP stones under those conditions. Calcification and fibrotic and inflammatory markers were elevated in treated female mice compared with their male counterparts, and more so in TRPC3 KO mice compared with their WT counterparts. Together these findings contribute to a mechanistic understanding of sex-influenced CaP and mixed stone formation that can be used as a basis for determining the factors in sex-related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC
| | - Bok-Eum Choi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Khanh Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC
| | - Christopher B Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC.
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8
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Gombedza FC, Shin S, Sadiua J, Stackhouse GB, Bandyopadhyay BC. The Rise in Tubular pH during Hypercalciuria Exacerbates Calcium Stone Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4787. [PMID: 38732005 PMCID: PMC11084476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL), most calcium kidney stones are identified as calcium oxalate (CaOx) with variable amounts of calcium phosphate (CaP), where CaP is found as the core component. The nucleation of CaP could be the first step of CaP+CaOx (mixed) stone formation. High urinary supersaturation of CaP due to hypercalciuria and an elevated urine pH have been described as the two main factors in the nucleation of CaP crystals. Our previous in vivo findings (in mice) show that transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3)-mediated Ca2+ entry triggers a transepithelial Ca2+ flux to regulate proximal tubular (PT) luminal [Ca2+], and TRPC3-knockout (KO; -/-) mice exhibited moderate hypercalciuria and microcrystal formation at the loop of Henle (LOH). Therefore, we utilized TRPC3 KO mice and exposed them to both hypercalciuric [2% calcium gluconate (CaG) treatment] and alkalineuric conditions [0.08% acetazolamide (ACZ) treatment] to generate a CaNL phenotype. Our results revealed a significant CaP and mixed crystal formation in those treated KO mice (KOT) compared to their WT counterparts (WTT). Importantly, prolonged exposure to CaG and ACZ resulted in a further increase in crystal size for both treated groups (WTT and KOT), but the KOT mice crystal sizes were markedly larger. Moreover, kidney tissue sections of the KOT mice displayed a greater CaP and mixed microcrystal formation than the kidney sections of the WTT group, specifically in the outer and inner medullary and calyceal region; thus, a higher degree of calcifications and mixed calcium lithiasis in the kidneys of the KOT group was displayed. In our effort to find the Ca2+ signaling pathophysiology of PT cells, we found that PT cells from both treated groups (WTT and KOT) elicited a larger Ca2+ entry compared to the WT counterparts because of significant inhibition by the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) inhibitor, Pyr6. In the presence of both SOCE (Pyr6) and ROCE (receptor-operated Ca2+ entry) inhibitors (Pyr10), Ca2+ entry by WTT cells was moderately inhibited, suggesting that the Ca2+ and pH levels exerted sensitivity changes in response to ROCE and SOCE. An assessment of the gene expression profiles in the PT cells of WTT and KOT mice revealed a safeguarding effect of TRPC3 against detrimental processes (calcification, fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis) in the presence of higher pH and hypercalciuric conditions in mice. Together, these findings show that compromise in both the ROCE and SOCE mechanisms in the absence of TRPC3 under hypercalciuric plus higher tubular pH conditions results in higher CaP and mixed crystal formation and that TRPC3 is protective against those adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farai C. Gombedza
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; (F.C.G.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; (F.C.G.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Jaclyn Sadiua
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; (F.C.G.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
| | - George B. Stackhouse
- Urology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA;
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; (F.C.G.); (S.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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9
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Shin S, Gombedza FC, Awuah Boadi E, Yiu AJ, Roy SK, Bandyopadhyay BC. Reduction of TRPC1/TRPC3 mediated Ca 2+-signaling protects oxidative stress-induced COPD. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110681. [PMID: 37062436 PMCID: PMC10542863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a predisposing factor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Specifically, pulmonary epithelial (PE) cells reduce antioxidant capacity during COPD because of the continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular pathogenesis that governs such ROS activity is unclear. Here we show that the dysregulation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in PE cells from COPD patients, compared to the healthy PE cells, is associated with the robust functional expressions of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC)1 and TRPC3 channels, and Ca2+ entry (SOCE) components, Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1 channels. Additionally, the elevated expression levels of fibrotic, inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic markers in cells from COPD patients suggest detrimental pathway activation, thereby reducing the ability of lung remodeling. To further delineate the mechanism, we used human lung epithelial cell line, A549, since the behavior of SOCE and the expression patterns of TRPC1/C3, STIM1, and ORAI1 were much like PE cells. Notably, the knockdown of TRPC1/C3 in A549 cells substantially reduced the SOCE-induced [Ca2+]i rise, and reversed the ROS-mediated oxidative, fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic responses, thus confirming the role of TRPC1/C3 in SOCE driven COPD-like condition. Higher TRPC1/C3, STIM1, and ORAI1 expressions, along with a greater Ca2+ entry, via SOCE in ROS-induced A549 cells, led to the rise in oxidative, fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic gene expression, specifically through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Abatement of TRPC1 and/or TRPC3 reduced the mobilization of [Ca2+]i and reversed apoptotic gene expression and ERK activation, signifying the involvement of TRPC1/C3. Together these data suggest that TRPC1/C3 and SOCE facilitate the COPD condition through ROS-mediated cell death, thus implicating their likely roles as potential therapeutic targets for COPD. SUMMARY: Alterations in Ca2+ signaling modalities in normal pulmonary epithelial cells exhibit COPD through oxidative stress and cellular injury, compromising repair, which was alleviated through inhibition of store-operated calcium entry. SUBJECT AREA: Calcium, ROS, Cellular signaling, lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shin
- From Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America
| | - Farai C Gombedza
- From Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America
| | - Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- From Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America
| | - Allen J Yiu
- From Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America
| | - Sanjit K Roy
- From Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- From Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America.
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Choi BE, Shin S, Evans S, Singh BB, Bandyopadhyay BC. Ablation of TRPC3 disrupts Ca 2+ signaling in salivary ductal cells and promotes sialolithiasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5772. [PMID: 37031239 PMCID: PMC10082769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies and structural analyses of salivary stones strongly suggest a linkage between higher saliva calcium (Ca2+) and salivary stone formation, sialolithiasis; however, the process and the mechanism leading to Ca2+ overload during sialolithiasis is not well understood. Here, we show that TRPC3 null (-/-) mice presented with a reduction in Ca2+ entry and current in ductal cells with higher saliva [Ca2+] suggesting diminished transepithelial Ca2+ flux across the salivary ductal cells, leaving more Ca2+ in ductal fluid. Significantly, we found that TRPC3 was expressed in mice and human salivary ductal cells, while intraductal stones were detected in both mice (TRPC3-/-) and patient (sialolithiasis) salivary glands. To identify the mechanism, we found that TRPC3 was crucial in preventing the expression of calcification genes (BMP2/6, Runx2) in ductal cells which may be due to higher extracellular Ca2+ in SMG tissues. Similarly, inflammatory (IL6, NLRP3), fibrotic (FN1, TGFβ1) and apoptotic (Bax1/Bcl2) markers were also elevated, suggesting that the loss of TRPC3 induces genetic changes that leads to salivary gland cell death and induction of inflammatory response. Overall, ablation of TRPC3-/- leads to higher saliva [Ca2+], along with elevated detrimental gene expressions, altogether contributing to salivary gland stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Eum Choi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - Sade Evans
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC, 20064, USA.
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11
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Shin S, Awuah Boadi E, Shah S, Ezell M, Li P, Bandyopadhyay BC. Anti-inflammatory role of extracellular l-arginine through calcium sensing receptor in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109853. [PMID: 36827919 PMCID: PMC10124988 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells are capable of synthesizing interleukins (IL) in response to a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, elevated urinary levels of IL have been shown in patients with various forms of nephritic diseases. However, the underlying intracellular signaling mechanism is unclear. Here we show the immunological signaling role of l-Arginine (l-Arg) through Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human kidney 2 (HK-2) renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, using Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp techniques and its mechanistic link to the downstream cellular function. Both pharmacological and siRNA inhibitors support the activation CaSR by extracellular l-Arg to induced Ca2+ entry via a Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel in HK-2 cells mainly through the receptor operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE). Activation of CaSR by l-Arg led to the rise in p-p38/p38 expression suggesting [Ca2+]i as a regulator for p38-signaling pathways. Notably, l-Arg activated CaSR-induced Ca2+ signaling reduced the expressions of key fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic genes, suggesting its nephroprotective role via Ca2+ signaling through CaSR in HK-2 cells. Since we found that the IL-6 expressions were inversely proportional to the increasing concentrations of l-Arg in HK-2 cells, we measured the release of IL-6, which steadily decreased as the concentrations of l-Arg were elevated. Taken together, extracellular l-Arg is a negative regulator for IL-6-induced inflammatory process, through the activation of CaSR and TRPC channel by ROCE pathway and can have a potential to alleviate inflammatory renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Saloni Shah
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Madison Ezell
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Peijun Li
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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12
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Shin S, Boadi EA, Bandyopadhyay BC. Ablation of TRPC3 compromises bicarbonate and phosphate transporter activity in mice proximal tubular cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:247-255. [PMID: 36433745 PMCID: PMC10258833 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proximal tubular (PT) cells reabsorb most calcium (Ca2+ ), phosphate (PO4 3- ), bicarbonate (HCO3 - ), and oxalate (C2 O4 2- ) ions. We have shown that mice lacking Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3-/- ) channel are moderately hypercalciuric with presentation of luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals at the loop of Henle (LOH). However, other predisposing factors for such crystal deposition are unknown. Thus, we examined the distinctions in functional status of HCO3 - , PO4 3- , and C2 O4 2- transporters in PT cells of wild type (WT) and TRPC3-/- mice by whole-cell patch clamp techniques to assess their contribution in the development of LOH CaP crystals. Here we show the development of concentration dependent HCO3 - -induced currents in all PT cells, which was confirmed by using specific HCO3 - channel inhibitor, S0859. Interestingly, such activities were diminished in PT cells from TRPC3-/- mice, suggesting reduced HCO3 - transport in absence of TRPC3. While PO4 3- -induced currents were also concentration dependent in all PT cells (confirmed by PO4 3- channel inhibitor, PF-06869206), those activities were reduced in absence of TRPC3, suggesting lower PO4 3- reabsorption that can leave excess luminal PO4 3- . Next, we applied thiosulfate (O3 S2 2 - ) as a competitive inhibitor of the SLC26a6 transporter upon C2 O4 2- current activation and observed a reduced C2 O4 2- -induced conductance which was greater in TRPC3-/- PT cells. Together, these results suggest that the reduced activities of HCO3 - , PO4 3- , and C2 O4 2- transporters in moderately hypercalciuric (TRPC3-/- ) PT cells can create a predisposing condition for CaP and CaP tubular crystallization, enabling CaP crystal formation in LOH of TRPC3-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, Columbia, USA
| | - Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, Columbia, USA
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, Columbia, USA
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, Columbia, USA
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13
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Englisch CN, Paulsen F, Tschernig T. TRPC Channels in the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Renal Tubular System: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010181. [PMID: 36613622 PMCID: PMC9820145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has dramatically increased during the past few years. TRP channels function as sensors and effectors in the cellular adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we review literature investigating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPC channels in the renal tubular system with a focus on TRPC3 and TRPC6. TRPC3 plays a key role in Ca2+ homeostasis and is involved in transcellular Ca2+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the collecting duct. TRPC3 also conveys the osmosensitivity of principal cells of the collecting duct and is implicated in vasopressin-induced membrane translocation of AQP-2. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can often be attributed to mutations of the PKD2 gene. TRPC3 is supposed to have a detrimental role in ADPKD-like conditions. The tubule-specific physiological functions of TRPC6 have not yet been entirely elucidated. Its pathophysiological role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries is a subject of debate. However, TRPC6 seems to be involved in tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma. In summary, TRPC channels are relevant in multiples conditions of the renal tubular system. There is a need to further elucidate their pathophysiology to better understand certain renal disorders and ultimately create new therapeutic targets to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colya N. Englisch
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1626-100
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14
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Boadi EA, Shin S, Gombedza F, Bandyopadhyay BC. Differential biomolecular recognition by synthetic vs. biologically-derived components in the stone-forming process using 3D microfluidics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:34-46. [PMID: 34779812 PMCID: PMC9045411 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomineralization is the hallmark of extra-skeletal tissue calcification and renal calcium stones. Although such a multistep process starts with CaP crystal formation, the mechanism is still poorly understood due to the complexity of the in vivo system and the lack of a suitable approach to simulate a truly in vivo-like environment. Although endogenous proteins and lipids are engaged with CaP crystals in such a biological process of stone formation, most in vitro studies use synthetic materials that can display differential bioreactivity and molecular recognition by the cellular component. Here, we used our in vitro microfluidic (MF) tubular structure, which is the first completely cylindrical platform, with renal tubular cellular microenvironments closest to the functional human kidney tubule, to understand the precise role of biological components in this process. We systematically evaluated the contribution of synthetic and biological components in the stone-forming process in the presence of dynamic microenvironmental cues that originated due to cellular pathophysiology, which are critical for the nucleation, aggregation, and growth of CaP crystals. Our results show that crystal aggregation and growth were enhanced by immunoglobulin G (IgG), which was further inhibited by etidronic acid due to the chelation of extracellular Ca2+. Interestingly, biogenic CaP crystals from mice urine, when applied with cell debris and non-specific protein (bovine serum albumin), exhibited a more discrete crystal growth pattern, compared to exposure to synthetic CaP crystals under similar conditions. Furthermore, proteins found on those calcium crystals from mice urine produced discriminatory effects on crystal-protein attachment. Specifically, such biogenic crystals exhibited enhanced affinity to the proteins inherent to those crystals. More importantly, a physiological comparison of crystal induction in renal tubular cells revealed that biogenic crystals are less effective at producing a sustained rise in cytosolic Ca2+ compared to synthetic crystals, suggesting a milder detrimental effect to downstream signaling. Finally, synthetic crystal-internalized cells induced more oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage compared to the biogenic crystal-internalized cells. Together, these results suggest that the intrinsic nature of biogenically derived components are appropriate to generate the molecular recognition needed for spatiotemporal effects and are critical towards understanding the process of kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Farai Gombedza
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA.,Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20037, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington DC, 20064, USA
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15
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Irsik DL, Bollag WB, Isales CM. Renal Contributions to Age-Related Changes in Mineral Metabolism. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10517. [PMID: 34693188 PMCID: PMC8520061 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging results in a general decline in function in most systems. This is particularly true with respect to the skeleton and renal systems, impacting mineral homeostasis. Calcium and phosphate regulation requires tight coordination among the intestine, bone, parathyroid gland, and kidney. The role of the intestine is to absorb calcium and phosphate from the diet. The bone stores or releases calcium and phosphate depending on the body's needs. In response to low plasma ionized calcium concentration, the parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone, which modulates bone turnover. The kidney reabsorbs or excretes the minerals and serves as the final regulator of plasma concentration. Many hormones are involved in this process in addition to parathyroid hormone, including fibroblast growth factor 23 produced by the bone and calcitriol synthesized by the kidney. Sclerostin, calcitonin, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand also contribute to tissue‐specific regulation. Changes in the function of organs due to aging or disease can perturb this balance. During aging, the intestine cannot absorb calcium efficiently due to decreased expression of key proteins. In the bone, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption tends toward the latter in older individuals. The kidney may not filter blood as efficiently in the later decades of life, and the expression of certain proteins necessary for mineral homeostasis declines with age. These changes often lead to dysregulation of organismal mineral homeostasis. This review will focus on how mineral homeostasis is impacted by aging with a particular emphasis on the kidney's role in this process. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Irsik
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta GA USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Augusta University Augusta GA USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta GA USA.,Department of Physiology Augusta University Augusta GA USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Augusta University Augusta GA USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Augusta University Augusta GA USA
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16
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Abstract
TRPC3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel commonly activated by the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and mechanical distortion of the plasma membrane. TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx has been implicated in a variety of signaling processes in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Kidneys play a commanding role in maintaining whole-body homeostasis and setting blood pressure. TRPC3 is expressed abundantly in the renal vasculature and in epithelial cells, where it is well positioned to mediate signaling and transport functions in response to GPCR-dependent endocrine stimuli. In addition, TRPC3 could be activated by mechanical forces resulting from dynamic changes in the renal tubule fluid flow and osmolarity. This review critically analyzes the available published evidence of the physiological roles of TRPC3 in different parts of the kidney and describes the pathophysiological ramifications of TRPC3 ablation. We also speculate how this evidence could be further translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Hassanzadeh Khayyat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viktor N Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Bondue T, Arcolino FO, Veys KRP, Adebayo OC, Levtchenko E, van den Heuvel LP, Elmonem MA. Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells as Models for Genetic Kidney Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061413. [PMID: 34204173 PMCID: PMC8230018 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells exfoliated in human urine can include cells anywhere from the urinary tract and kidneys; however, podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are by far the most relevant cell types for the study of genetic kidney diseases. When maintained in vitro, they have been proven extremely valuable for discovering disease mechanisms and for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, cultured patient cells can individually represent their human sources and their specific variants for personalized medicine studies, which are recently gaining much interest. In this review, we summarize the methodology for establishing human podocyte and PTEC cell lines from urine and highlight their importance as kidney disease cell models. We explore the well-established and recent techniques of cell isolation, quantification, immortalization and characterization, and we describe their current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjessa Bondue
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Fanny O. Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Koenraad R. P. Veys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oyindamola C. Adebayo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A. Elmonem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11628, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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18
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Modulation of Tubular pH by Acetazolamide in a Ca 2+ Transport Deficient Mice Facilitates Calcium Nephrolithiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063050. [PMID: 33802660 PMCID: PMC8002449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular (PT) acidosis, which alkalinizes the urinary filtrate, together with Ca2+ supersaturation in PT can induce luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystal formation. While such CaP crystals are known to act as a nidus for CaP/calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixed stone formation, the regulation of PT luminal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) under elevated pH and/or high [Ca2+] conditions are unknown. Since we found that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) knockout (KO; -/-) mice could produce mild hypercalciuria with CaP urine crystals, we alkalinized the tubular pH in TRPC3-/- mice by oral acetazolamide (0.08%) to develop mixed urinary crystals akin to clinical signs of calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL). Our ratiometric (λ340/380) intracellular [Ca2+] measurements reveal that such alkalization not only upsurges Ca2+ influx into PT cells, but the mode of Ca2+ entry switches from receptor-operated to store-operated pathway. Electrophysiological experiments show enhanced bicarbonate related current activity in treated PT cells which may determine the stone-forming phenotypes (CaP or CaP/CaOx). Moreover, such alkalization promotes reactive oxygen species generation, and upregulation of calcification, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in PT cells, which were exacerbated in absence of TRPC3. Altogether, the pH-induced alteration of the Ca2+ signaling signature in PT cells from TRPC3 ablated mice exacerbated the pathophysiology of mixed urinary stone formation, which may aid in uncovering the downstream mechanism of CaNL.
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19
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Tan R, Li J, Liu F, Liao P, Ruiz M, Dupuis J, Zhu L, Hu Q. Phenylalanine induces pulmonary hypertension through calcium-sensing receptor activation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L1010-L1020. [PMID: 32964725 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00215.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine levels are associated with pulmonary hypertension in metabolic profiling clinical studies. However, the pathophysiological role of phenylalanine on pulmonary circulation is still unclear. We experimentally addressed the direct impact of phenylalanine on pulmonary circulation in rats and explored the underlying molecular pathway. Phenylalanine was injected intraperitoneally into Sprague-Dawley rats (400 mg/100 g body wt) as a single dose or daily in a chronic manner for 2, 3, and 4 wk. Chronic injection of phenylalanine induced pulmonary hypertension with time-dependent severity, evidenced by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance as well as pulmonary artery and right ventricular hypertrophy. Using tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we found a quick twofold increase in blood level of phenylalanine 2 h following injection. This increase led to a significant accumulation of phenylalanine in lung after 4 h, which remained sustained at up to a threefold increase after 4 wk. In addition, a cellular thermal shift assay with lung tissues from phenylalanine-injected rats revealed the binding of phenylalanine to the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In vitro experiments with cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells showed that phenylalanine activated CaSR, as indicated by an increase in intracellular calcium content, which was attenuated or diminished by the inhibition or knockdown of CaSR. Finally, the global knockout or lung-specific knockdown of CaSR significantly attenuated phenylalanine-induced pulmonary hypertension. Chronic phenylalanine injection induces pulmonary hypertension through binding to CaSR and its subsequent activation. Here, we demonstrate a pathophysiological role of phenylalanine in pulmonary hypertension through the CaSR. This study provides a novel animal model for pulmonary hypertension and reveals a potentially clinically significant role for this metabolite in human pulmonary hypertension as a marker, a mediator of disease, and a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiansha Li
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangbo Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Liao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Dupuis
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine; and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Shin S, Gombedza FC, Bandyopadhyay BC. l-ornithine activates Ca 2+ signaling to exert its protective function on human proximal tubular cells. Cell Signal 2020; 67:109484. [PMID: 31770578 PMCID: PMC7302702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation can be influenced by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated regulation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) signaling. ROS production are much higher in proximal tubular (PT) cells; in addition, the lack of antioxidants enhances the vulnerability to oxidative damage. Despite such predispositions, PT cells show resiliency, and therefore must possess some inherent mechanism to protect from oxidative damage. While the mechanism in unknown, we tested the effect of l-ornithine, since it is abundantly present in PT luminal fluid and can activate Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), a GPCR, expressed in the PT luminal membrane. We used human kidney 2 (HK2) cells, a PT cell line, and performed Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological experiments to show that l-ornithine has a concentration-dependent effect on CaSR activation. We further demonstrate that the operation of CaSR activated Ca2+ signaling in HK-2 cells mediated by the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) dependent receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) using pharmacological and siRNA inhibitors. Since PT cells are vulnerable to ROS, we simulated such deleterious effects using genetically encoded peroxide-induced ROS production (HyperRed indicator) to show that the l-ornithine-induced ROCE mediated [Ca2+]i signaling protects from ROS production. Furthermore, we performed cell viability, necrosis and apoptosis assays, and mitochondrial oxidative gene expression to establish that presence of l-ornithine rescued the ROS-induced damage in HK-2 cells. Moreover, l-ornithine-activation of CaSR can reverse ROS production and apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 activation. Such nephroprotective role of l-ornithine can be useful as the translational option for reversing kidney diseases involving PT cell damage due to oxidative stress or crystal nephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Farai C Gombedza
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
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Gombedza FC, Shin S, Kanaras YL, Bandyopadhyay BC. Abrogation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry protects against crystal-induced ER stress in human proximal tubular cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:124. [PMID: 31396401 PMCID: PMC6680047 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium crystal internalization into proximal tubular (PT) cells results in acute kidney injury, nephrocalcinosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and kidney-stone formation. Ca2+ supersaturation in PT luminal fluid induces calcium crystal formation, leading to aberrant crystal internalization into PT cells. While such crystal internalization produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell membrane damage, and apoptosis; the upstream signaling events involving dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and ER stress, remain largely unknown. We have recently described a transepithelial Ca2+ transport pathway regulated by receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) in PT cells. Therefore, we examined the pathophysiological consequence of internalization of stone-forming calcium crystals such as calcium phosphate (CaP), calcium oxalate (CaOx), and CaP + CaOx (mixed) crystals on the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling by measuring dynamic changes in Ca2+ transients in HK2, human PT cells, using pharmacological and siRNA inhibitors. The subsequent effect on ER stress was measured by changes in ER morphology, ER stress-related gene expression, endogenous ROS production, apoptosis, and necrosis. Interestingly, our data show that crystal internalization induced G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE); suggesting that the mode of Ca2+ entry switches from ROCE to SOCE following crystal internalization. We found that SOCE components-stromal interacting molecules 1 and 2 (STIM1, STIM2) and ORAI3 (SOCE) channel were upregulated in these crystal-internalized cells, which induced ER stress, ROS production, and cell death. Finally, silencing those SOCE genes protected crystal-internalized cells from prolonged [Ca2+]i rise and ER stress. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism of crystal-induced Ca2+ dysregulation, ER stress, and PT cell death and thus could have a translational role in treating crystal nephropathies including kidney stones. Taken together, modulation of Ca2+ signaling can be used as a tool to reverse the pathological consequence of crystal-induced conditions including cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farai C. Gombedza
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA
| | - Yianni L. Kanaras
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA
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