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Expression of messenger RNA encoding two cellular metabolic regulators, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), in channel catfish: Their tissue distribution and relationship with changes in food intake. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:12-21. [PMID: 31091463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered as the master cellular metabolism regulator that activates various proteins, including O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Physiological roles of AMPK and OGT, including the relationship between their mRNA expression and food intake, are poorly understood in channel catfish. This study examined the tissue distribution of AMPK and OGT mRNA and changes in their expression in response to changes in food intake in channel catfish. Expression of all AMPK subunit and OGT mRNA was detectable in the whole brain, liver, heart, spleen, white muscle, and kidney of channel catfish. The OGT mRNA was highly localized in the brain compared to other tissues. 28-day fasting increased hepatic expression of AMPK α1, β1, and OGT mRNA while refeeding fish for 14 days after the 14-day fast decreased their expression to the level similar to that of fish that were fed daily. No changes were noted in the expression of muscle and brain AMPK mRNA or OGT mRNA by fasting and refeeding. Hepatic AMPK α1, α2 and β1 mRNA decreased in response to increased feeding frequency, whereas no changes in the expression of AMPK or OGT mRNA were noted in the brain or the muscle. Results of the current study indicated that the hepatic expression of AMPK and OGT mRNA appeared to be more sensitive to changes in food intake in channel catfish. However, further studies are needed to clearly demonstrate if food intake influences the expression of AMPK and OGT mRNA in various tissues, including the hypothalamus.
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Soengas JL, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Delgado MJ. Central regulation of food intake in fish: an evolutionary perspective. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R171-R199. [PMID: 29467140 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that central regulation of food intake is well conserved along the vertebrate lineage, at least between teleost fish and mammals. However, several differences arise in the comparison between both groups. In this review, we describe similarities and differences between teleost fish and mammals on an evolutionary perspective. We focussed on the existing knowledge of specific fish features conditioning food intake, anatomical homologies and analogies between both groups as well as the main signalling pathways of neuroendocrine and metabolic nature involved in the homeostatic and hedonic central regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da SaúdeLaboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y BiotecnologíaInstituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - María Jesús Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Delgado MJ, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Soengas JL. Hypothalamic Integration of Metabolic, Endocrine, and Circadian Signals in Fish: Involvement in the Control of Food Intake. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:354. [PMID: 28694769 PMCID: PMC5483453 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake in fish is a complex process carried out through several different mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) with hypothalamus being the main regulatory center. As in mammals, a complex hypothalamic circuit including two populations of neurons: one co-expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the second one population co-expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is involved in the integration of information relating to food intake control. The production and release of these peptides control food intake, and the production results from the integration of information of different nature such as levels of nutrients and hormones as well as circadian signals. The present review summarizes the knowledge and recent findings about the presence and functioning of these mechanisms in fish and their differences vs. the known mammalian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCastellón, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de VigoVigo, Spain
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Conde-Sieira M, Soengas JL. Nutrient Sensing Systems in Fish: Impact on Food Intake Regulation and Energy Homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:603. [PMID: 28111540 PMCID: PMC5216673 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence obtained in recent years in a few species, especially rainbow trout, supports the presence in fish of nutrient sensing mechanisms. Glucosensing capacity is present in central (hypothalamus and hindbrain) and peripheral [liver, Brockmann bodies (BB, main accumulation of pancreatic endocrine cells in several fish species), and intestine] locations whereas fatty acid sensors seem to be present in hypothalamus, liver and BB. Glucose and fatty acid sensing capacities relate to food intake regulation and metabolism in fish. Hypothalamus is as a signaling integratory center in a way that detection of increased levels of nutrients result in food intake inhibition through changes in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. Moreover, central nutrient sensing modulates functions in the periphery since they elicit changes in hepatic metabolism as well as in hormone secretion to counter-regulate changes in nutrient levels detected in the CNS. At peripheral level, the direct nutrient detection in liver has a crucial role in homeostatic control of glucose and fatty acid whereas in BB and intestine nutrient sensing is probably involved in regulation of hormone secretion from endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Conde-Sieira
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo Vigo, Spain
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Glucosensing in liver and Brockmann bodies of rainbow trout through glucokinase-independent mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 199:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Otero-Rodiño C, Librán-Pérez M, Velasco C, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Evidence for the Presence of Glucosensor Mechanisms Not Dependent on Glucokinase in Hypothalamus and Hindbrain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128603. [PMID: 25996158 PMCID: PMC4440750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that glucosensor mechanisms other than that mediated by glucokinase (GK) operate in hypothalamus and hindbrain of the carnivorous fish species rainbow trout and stress affected them. Therefore, we evaluated in these areas changes in parameters which could be related to putative glucosensor mechanisms based on liver X receptor (LXR), mitochondrial activity, sweet taste receptor, and sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1) 6h after intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL.Kg-1 of saline solution alone (normoglycaemic treatment) or containing insulin (hypoglycaemic treatment, 4 mg bovine insulin.Kg-1 body mass), or D-glucose (hyperglycaemic treatment, 500 mg.Kg-1 body mass). Half of tanks were kept at a 10 Kg fish mass.m-3 and denoted as fish under normal stocking density (NSD) whereas the remaining tanks were kept at a stressful high stocking density (70 kg fish mass.m-3) denoted as HSD. The results obtained in non-stressed rainbow trout provide evidence, for the first time in fish, that manipulation of glucose levels induce changes in parameters which could be related to putative glucosensor systems based on LXR, mitochondrial activity and sweet taste receptor in hypothalamus, and a system based on SGLT-1 in hindbrain. Stress altered the response of parameters related to these systems to changes in glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Otero-Rodiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Librán-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A. López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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7
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Soengas JL. Contribution of glucose- and fatty acid sensing systems to the regulation of food intake in fish. A review. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 205:36-48. [PMID: 24530522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food intake in fish is a complex process regulated through many different factors including abundance of energy and nutrients. In recent years, evidence have been obtained in several fishes, mainly in rainbow trout, regarding the presence and functioning in brain areas of metabolic sensors informing about changes in the levels of nutrients like glucose and fatty acids. The activity of these sensors relate to the control of food intake through changes in the expression of anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. The present review will provide a picture of the main results obtained to date in these studies, as well as perspectives for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Spain.
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Conde-Sieira M, Muñoz JLP, López-Patiño MA, Gesto M, Soengas JL, Míguez JM. Oral administration of melatonin counteracts several of the effects of chronic stress in rainbow trout. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 46:26-36. [PMID: 24411181 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To assess a possible antistress role of melatonin in fish, we orally administered melatonin to rainbow trout for 10 d and then kept the fish under normal or high stocking density conditions during the last 4 d. Food intake; biochemical parameters in plasma (cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations); liver (glucose and glycogen concentrations, and glycogen synthase activity); enzyme activities of amylase, lipase, and protease in foregut and midgut; and content of the hypothalamic neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, as well as their oxidized metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, were evaluated under those conditions. High stocking density conditions alone induced changes indicative of stress conditions in plasma cortisol concentrations, liver glycogenolytic potential, the activities of some digestive enzymes, and the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid-to-dopamine and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid-to-serotonin ratios in the hypothalamus. Melatonin treatment in nonstressed fish induced an increase in liver glycogenolytic potential, increased the activity of some digestive enzymes, and enhanced serotoninergic and dopaminergic metabolism in hypothalamus. The presence of melatonin in stressed fish resulted in a significant interaction with cortisol concentrations in plasma, glycogen content, and glycogen synthase activity in liver and dopaminergic and serotoninergic metabolism in the hypothalamus. In general, the presence of melatonin mitigated several of the effects induced by stress, supporting an antistress role for melatonin in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conde-Sieira
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J L P Muñoz
- I-Mar Center, University of Lagos, Puerto Montt, Casilla 557, Chile
| | - M A López-Patiño
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Gesto
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J L Soengas
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J M Míguez
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
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