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Chabanol E, Gendrin M. Insects and microbes: best friends from the nursery. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024:101270. [PMID: 39293738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Insects host microbes and interact with them throughout their life cycle. This microbiota is an important, if not essential partner, participating in many aspects of insect physiology. Recent omics studies have contributed to considerable advances in the current understanding of the molecular implications of microbiota during insect development. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying interactions between developing insects and their microbial companions. The microbiota is implicated in nutrition, both via compensating for metabolic pathways lacking in the host and via regulating host metabolism. Furthermore, the microbiota plays a protective role, enhancing the insect's tolerance to, or resistance against, various environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Chabanol
- Microbiota of Insect Vectors Group, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, GF-97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathilde Gendrin
- Microbiota of Insect Vectors Group, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, GF-97300, Cayenne, French Guiana.
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Hu NN, Wang ZQ, Zhang SJ, Wang ZZ, Chen XX. Characterization of larval gut microbiota of two endoparasitoid wasps associated with their common host, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0120824. [PMID: 39248477 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01208-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect gut microbes play important roles in digestion, metabolism, development, and environmental adaptation. Parasitoid wasps are one of the most important biological control agents in pest control, while the gut microbial species compositions and the associated functions have been poorly investigated. Two endoparasitoid wasps, Cotesia vestalis and Diadromus collaris, parasitize the larval stage and pupal stage of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, respectively. Using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the gut microbial composition, diversity, and potential functional roles associated with the two parasitoid wasp larvae. The results reveal that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla in the gut of C. vestalis and D. collaris larvae, with Rhizobium and Enterococcus being the dominant genera. The putative microbial functions associated with the two parasitoid wasps might play a virtual role in assisting in consuming the host's nutritional composition. The enriched CAZymes family genes are primarily involved in the degradation and synthesis of chitin. Despite the richness of microbial species and communities, the microbes species and the microbial community structure exhibit significant similarity between the two parasitoid wasps and between the parasitoid wasp and the host P. xylostella. Notably, the prevalence of the genus Enterococcus shared among them suggests a possible link of gut microbes between the host and their associated parasitoids. Our study offers insights into the gut microbe-based interactions between the host and parasitoid wasps for the first time, potentially paving the way for the development of an ecologically friendly biocontrol strategy against the pest P. xylostella.IMPORTANCEEndoparasitoid wasps spend the majority of their lifespan within their host and heavily rely on the host's nutrition for survival. There is limited understanding regarding the composition and physiological impacts of gut microbial communities in parasitoid wasps, particularly during the larval stage, which is directly linked to the host. Based on a thorough characterization of the gut microbe and comprehensive comparative analysis, we found the microbial species of the larval parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis and the pupal parasitoid wasp Diadromus collaris were similar, sharing 159 genera and 277 species, as were the microbial community structure. Certain of the dominant microbial strains of the two parasitoid wasps were similar to that of their host Plutella xylostella larvae, revealing host insect may affect the microbial community of the parasitoid wasps. The putative microbial functions associated with the parasitoid wasp larvae play an important role in dietary consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Hu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu H, Yin J, Huang X, Zang C, Zhang Y, Cao J, Gong M. Mosquito Gut Microbiota: A Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 39204291 PMCID: PMC11357333 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of many important human diseases. The prolonged and widespread use of insecticides has led to the development of mosquito resistance to these insecticides. The gut microbiota is considered the master of host development and physiology; it influences mosquito biology, disease pathogen transmission, and resistance to insecticides. Understanding the role and mechanisms of mosquito gut microbiota in mosquito insecticide resistance is useful for developing new strategies for tackling mosquito insecticide resistance. We searched online databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, and the Chinese Science Citation Database. We searched all terms, including microbiota and mosquitoes, or any specific genera or species of mosquitoes. We reviewed the relationships between microbiota and mosquito growth, development, survival, reproduction, and disease pathogen transmission, as well as the interactions between microbiota and mosquito insecticide resistance. Overall, 429 studies were included in this review after filtering 8139 search results. Mosquito gut microbiota show a complex community structure with rich species diversity, dynamic changes in the species composition over time (season) and across space (environmental setting), and variation among mosquito species and mosquito developmental stages (larval vs. adult). The community composition of the microbiota plays profound roles in mosquito development, survival, and reproduction. There was a reciprocal interaction between the mosquito midgut microbiota and virus infection in mosquitoes. Wolbachia, Asaia, and Serratia are the three most studied bacteria that influence disease pathogen transmission. The insecticide resistance or exposure led to the enrichment or reduction in certain microorganisms in the resistant mosquitoes while enhancing the abundance of other microorganisms in insect-susceptible mosquitoes, and they involved many different species/genera/families of microorganisms. Conversely, microbiota can promote insecticide resistance in their hosts by isolating and degrading insecticidal compounds or altering the expression of host genes and metabolic detoxification enzymes. Currently, knowledge is scarce about the community structure of mosquito gut microbiota and its functionality in relation to mosquito pathogen transmission and insecticide resistance. The new multi-omics techniques should be adopted to find the links among environment, mosquito, and host and bring mosquito microbiota studies to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China;
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China;
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chuanhui Zang
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China;
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Sun Y, Li T, Zhou G, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Chen J, Zhong S, Zhong D, Liu R, Lu G, Li Y. Relationship between deltamethrin resistance and gut symbiotic bacteria of Aedes albopictus by 16S rDNA sequencing. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:330. [PMID: 39103931 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is an important vector for pathogens such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. While insecticides is the mainstay for mosquito control, their widespread and excessive use has led to the increased resistance in Ae. albopictus globally. Gut symbiotic bacteria are believed to play a potential role in insect physiology, potentially linking to mosquitoes' metabolic resistance against insecticides. METHODS We investigated the role of symbiotic bacteria in the development of resistance in Ae. albopictus by comparing gut symbiotic bacteria between deltamethrin-sensitive and deltamethrin-resistant populations. Adults were reared from field-collected larvae. Sensitive and resistant mosquitoes were screened using 0.03% and 0.09% deltamethrin, respectively, on the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassay. Sensitive and resistant field-collected larvae were screened using 5 × LC50 (lethal concentration at 50% mortality) and 20 × LC50 concentration of deltamethrin, respectively. Laboratory strain deltamethrin-sensitive adults and larvae were used as controls. The DNA of gut samples from these mosquitoes were extracted using the magnetic bead method. Bacterial 16S rDNA was sequenced using BGISEQ method. We isolated and cultured gut microorganisms from adult and larvae mosquitoes using four different media: Luria Bertani (LB), brain heart infusion (BHI), nutrient agar (NA), and salmonella shigella (SS). RESULTS Sequencing revealed significantly higher gut microbial diversity in field-resistant larvae compared with field-sensitive and laboratory-sensitive larvae (P < 0.01). Conversely, gut microorganism diversity in field-resistant and field-sensitive adults was significantly lower compared with laboratory-sensitive adults (P < 0.01). At the species level, 25 and 12 bacterial species were isolated from the gut of field resistant larvae and adults, respectively. The abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Gemmobacter spp., and Dysgonomonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant larvae compared with sensitive larvae (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Flavobacterium spp., Pantoea spp., and Aeromonas spp. was significantly higher in the gut of field-resistant adults compared with sensitive adults (all P < 0.05). The dominant and differentially occurring microorganisms were also different between resistant larval and adult mosquitoes. These findings suggest that the gut commensal bacteria of Ae. albopictus adults and larvae may play distinct roles in their deltamethrin resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an empirical basis for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbial in insecticide resistance, potentially opening a new prospect for mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiarong Chen
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Saifeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiji Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Tropical Diseases Research Center, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Torres M, Paszti S, Eberl L. Shedding light on bacteria-host interactions with the aid of TnSeq approaches. mBio 2024; 15:e0039024. [PMID: 38722161 PMCID: PMC11237515 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00390-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are highly adaptable and grow in diverse niches, where they often interact with eukaryotic organisms. These interactions with different hosts span the entire spectrum from symbiosis to pathogenicity and thus determine the lifestyle of the bacterium. Knowledge of the genetic determinants involved in animal and plant host colonization by pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria is not only crucial to discover new drug targets for disease management but also for developing novel biostimulant strategies. In the last decades, significant progress in genome-wide high-throughput technologies such as transposon insertion sequencing has led to the identification of pathways that enable efficient host colonization. However, the extent to which similar genes play a role in this process in different bacteria is yet unclear. This review highlights the commonalities and specificities of bacterial determinants important for bacteria-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torres
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Paszti
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Tizabi Y, Getachew B, Hauser SR, Tsytsarev V, Manhães AC, da Silva VDA. Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction. Brain Sci 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38928557 PMCID: PMC11201416 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical and social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood and reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role of glia in these disorders has attracted attention. Detailed understanding of the glial functions in these devastating diseases could offer novel interventions. Here, following a brief review of circuitries involved in mood regulation and reward perception, the specific contributions of neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota to these diseases are highlighted. In this context, the role of specific glial cells (e.g., microglia, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, and synantocytes) on phenotypic manifestation of mood disorders or SUD are emphasized. In addition, use of this knowledge in the potential development of novel therapeutics is touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA;
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, BA, Brazil;
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Zhao J, Guan G, Li D, Yu X, Shentu X. Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11306. [PMID: 38760487 PMCID: PMC11101650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most important rice pests in Asia rice regions. BPH has monophagy, migration, rapid reproduction and strong environmental adaptability, and its control is a major problem in pest management. Adult BPH exhibit wing dimorphism, and the symbiotic microbiota enriched in the gut can provide energy for wing flight muscles as a source of nutrition. In order to study the diversity of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs, this paper takes female BPH as the research object. It was found that the number of symbiotic microbiota of different winged BPHs would change at different development stages. Then, based on the 16S rRNA and ITS sequences, a metagenomic library was constructed, combined with fluorescent quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, the dominant symbiotic microbiota flora in the gut of different winged BPHs was found, and the community structure and composition of symbiotic microbiota in different winged BPHs were further determined. Together, our results preliminarily revealed that symbiotic microbiota in the gut of BPHs have certain effects on wing morphology, and understanding the mechanisms underlying wing morph differentiation will clarify how nutritional factors or environmental cues alter or regulate physiological and metabolic pathways. These findings also establish a theoretical basis for subsequent explorations into BPH-symbiont interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guangxiang Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Silva FJ, Domínguez-Santos R, Latorre A, García-Ferris C. Comparative Transcriptomics of Fat Bodies between Symbiotic and Quasi-Aposymbiotic Adult Females of Blattella germanica with Emphasis on the Metabolic Integration with Its Endosymbiont Blattabacterium and Its Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4228. [PMID: 38673813 PMCID: PMC11050582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored the metabolic integration of Blattella germanica and its obligate endosymbiont Blattabacterium cuenoti by the transcriptomic analysis of the fat body of quasi-aposymbiotic cockroaches, where the endosymbionts were almost entirely removed with rifampicin. Fat bodies from quasi-aposymbiotic insects displayed large differences in gene expression compared to controls. In quasi-aposymbionts, the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine involved in cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation increased drastically to compensate for the deficiency in the biosynthesis of these amino acids by the endosymbionts. On the other hand, the uricolytic pathway and the biosynthesis of uric acid were severely decreased, probably because the reduced population of endosymbionts was unable to metabolize urea to ammonia. Metabolite transporters that could be involved in the endosymbiosis process were identified. Immune system and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression was also reduced in quasi-aposymbionts, genes encoding peptidoglycan-recognition proteins, which may provide clues for the maintenance of the symbiotic relationship, as well as three AMP genes whose involvement in the symbiotic relationship will require additional analysis. Finally, a search for AMP-like factors that could be involved in controlling the endosymbiont identified two orphan genes encoding proteins smaller than 200 amino acids underexpressed in quasi-aposymbionts, suggesting a role in the host-endosymbiont relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Silva
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.L.)
- Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Domínguez-Santos
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.L.)
- Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.L.)
- Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Ferris
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.L.)
- Genomics and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Peng ZR, Zhang JG, Zhang JB, Lin XQ, Chen W, Yang YJ, Liu ZZ. Identification and biological characteristics of Enterococcus casseliflavus TN-47 isolated from Monochamus alternatus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38602465 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of antibiotics, the incidence of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms has increased. Monochamus alternatus is a trunk borer of pine trees. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and biological characteristics of Enterococcus casseliflavus TN-47 (PP411196), isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of M. alternatus in Jilin Province, PR China. Among 13 isolates obtained from the insects, five were preliminarily screened for antimicrobial activity. E. casseliflavus TN-47, which exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, was identified. E. casseliflavus TN-47 possessed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus USA300 and Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum ATCC 19945. Furthermore, E. casseliflavus TN-47 was sensitive to tetracyclines, penicillins (ampicillin, carbenicillin, and piperacillin), quinolones and nitrofuran antibiotics, and resistant to certain beta-lactam antibiotics (oxacillin, cefradine and cephalexin), macrolide antibiotics, sulfonamides and aminoglycosides. E. casseliflavus TN-47 could tolerate low pH and pepsin-rich conditions in the stomach and grow in the presence of bile acids. E. casseliflavus TN-47 retained its strong auto-aggregating ability and hydrophobicity. This strain did not exhibit any haemolytic activity. These results indicate that E. casseliflavus TN-47 has potential as a probiotic. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the future applications of E. casseliflavus TN-47 and its secondary metabolites in animal nutrition and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ran Peng
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Jian-Gang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
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10
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Jang S, Ishigami K, Mergaert P, Kikuchi Y. Ingested soil bacteria breach gut epithelia and prime systemic immunity in an insect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315540121. [PMID: 38437561 PMCID: PMC10945853 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315540121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects lack acquired immunity and were thought to have no immune memory, but recent studies reported a phenomenon called immune priming, wherein sublethal dose of pathogens or nonpathogenic microbes stimulates immunity and prevents subsequential pathogen infection. Although the evidence for insect immune priming is accumulating, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris acquires its gut microbiota from ambient soil and spatially structures them into a multispecies and variable community in the anterior midgut and a specific, monospecies Caballeronia symbiont population in the posterior region. We demonstrate that a particular Burkholderia strain colonizing the anterior midgut stimulates systemic immunity by penetrating gut epithelia and migrating into the hemolymph. The activated immunity, consisting of a humoral and a cellular response, had no negative effect on the host fitness, but on the contrary protected the insect from subsequent infection by pathogenic bacteria. Interruption of contact between the Burkholderia strain and epithelia of the gut weakened the host immunity back to preinfection levels and made the insects more vulnerable to microbial infection, demonstrating that persistent acquisition of environmental bacteria is important to maintain an efficient immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghan Jang
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido Center, 062-8517Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Ishigami
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido Center, 062-8517Sapporo, Japan
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, 91198Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yoshitomo Kikuchi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido Center, 062-8517Sapporo, Japan
- Unit of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, 060-8589Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Yin PK, Xiao H, Yang ZB, Yang DS, Yang YH. Shotgun metagenomics reveals the gut microbial diversity and functions in Vespa mandarinia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) at multiple life stages. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1288051. [PMID: 38529182 PMCID: PMC10961340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1288051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Wasps play important roles as predators and pollinators in the ecosystem. The Jingpo minority residing in Yunnan Province, China, has a traditional practice of using wine infused with mature wasps as a customary remedy for managing rheumatoid arthritis. The larva of the wasp is also a tasteful folk dish that has created a tremendous market. There is a paucity of survival knowledge, which has greatly restricted their potential applications in food and healthcare. Recent research has highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in insect growth. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the composition, changes, and functions of the gut microbiota in Vespa mandarinia during development. In this research, the gut microbiota were investigated across three growth stages of Vespa mandarinia using a metagenomic technology. The result revealed that there are significant variations in the proportion of main gut microbes during the metamorphosis of Vespa mandarinia. Tenericutes were found to dominate during the larval stage, while Proteobacteria emerged as the dominant group post-pupation. Through a comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota metagenome, this study revealed functional differences in the wasp gut microbiota at various growth stages. During the larval stage, the gut microbiota plays a central role in promoting metabolism. Following pupation, the gut microbiota exhibited diversified functions, likely due to the complex environments and diverse food sources encountered after metamorphosis. These functions included amino acid metabolism, compound degradation, and defense mechanisms. This research provides an extensive dataset on the gut microbiota during the metamorphosis of Vespa mandarinia, contributing to a deeper understanding of the influence of gut microbiota on wasp growth. Furthermore, this study uncovers a unique microbial treasure within insect guts, which is important for advancing the application of wasps in the fields of food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Kai Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Huai Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Da-Song Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yin-He Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
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12
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Shah S, Ilyas M, Bian S, Yang FL. Discussion: Harnessing microbiome-mediated adaptations in insect pollinators to mitigate climate change impact on crop pollination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170145. [PMID: 38242478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Insect pollinators, vital for agriculture and biodiversity, face escalating threats from climate change. We argue and explore the pivotal role of the microbiomes in shaping adaptations of insect pollinator resilience amid climate-induced challenges (climate change and habitat alteration). Examining diverse taxonomic groups, we unravel the interplay between insect physiology, microbiomes, and adaptive mechanisms. Climate-driven alterations in microbiomes impact insect health, behavior, and plant interactions, posing significant effects on agricultural ecosystems. We propose harnessing microbiome-mediated adaptations as a strategic approach to mitigate climate change impacts on crop pollination. Insights into insect-pollinator microbiomes offer transformative avenues for sustainable agriculture, including probiotic interventions (use of EM PROBIOTIC) and microbiome engineering (such as engineering gut bacteria) to induce immune responses and enhanced pollination services. Integrating microbiome insights into conservation practices elucidates strategies for preserving pollinator habitats, optimizing agricultural landscapes, and developing policies to safeguard pollinator health in the face of environmental changes. Finally, we stress interdisciplinary collaboration and the urgency of understanding pollinator microbiome dynamics under climate change in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666316 Menglun, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sufen Bian
- Department of Gardening and Horticulture, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Savio C, Herren P, Rejasse A, Rios A, Bourelle W, Bruun-Jensen A, Lecocq A, van Loon JJA, Nielsen-LeRoux C. Minor impact of probiotic bacteria and egg white on Tenebrio molitor growth, microbial composition, and pathogen infection. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1334526. [PMID: 38469340 PMCID: PMC10926391 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1334526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The industrial rearing of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) for feed and food purposes on agricultural by-products may expose larvae and adults to entomopathogens used as biocontrol agents in crop production. Bacterial spores/toxins or fungal conidia from species such as Bacillus thuringiensis or Metarhizium brunneum could affect the survival and growth of insects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of a wheat bran diet supplemented with probiotic bacteria and dried egg white on larval development and survival and its effects on the gut microbiome composition. Two probiotic bacterial species, Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJB, were added to wheat bran feed with and without dried egg white, as an additional protein source, directly from neonate larval hatching until reaching a body mass of 20 mg. Subsequently, larvae from the various diets were exposed for 72 h to B. thuringiensis, M. brunneum, or their combination. Larval survival and growth were recorded for 14 days, and the bacterial microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing prior to pathogen exposure and on days 3 and 11 after inoculation with the pathogens. The results showed increased survival for T. molitor larvae reared on feed supplemented with P. pentosaceus in the case of co-infection. Larval growth was also impacted in the co-infection treatment. No significant impact of egg white or of P. pentosaceus on larval growth was recorded, while the addition of Lb. plantarum resulted in a minor increase in individual mass gain compared with infected larvae without the latter probiotic. On day 14, B. thuringiensis was no longer detected and the overall bacterial community composition of the larvae was similar in all treatments. On the other hand, the relative operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance was dependent on day, diet, and probiotic. Interestingly, P. pentosaceus was present throughout the experiments, while Lb. plantarum was not found at a detectable level, although its transient presence slightly improved larval performance. Overall, this study confirms the potential benefits of some probiotics during the development of T. molitor while underlining the complexity of the relationship between the host and its microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Savio
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Herren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agnès Rejasse
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - William Bourelle
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Annette Bruun-Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Antoine Lecocq
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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14
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Hegde S, Brettell LE, Quek S, Etebari K, Saldaña MA, Asgari S, Coon KL, Heinz E, Hughes GL. Aedes aegypti gut transcriptomes respond differently to microbiome transplants from field-caught or laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16576. [PMID: 38192175 PMCID: PMC11022138 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The mosquito microbiome is critical for host development and plays a major role in many aspects of mosquito biology. While the microbiome is commonly dominated by a small number of genera, there is considerable variation in composition among mosquito species, life stages, and geography. How the host controls and is affected by this variation is unclear. Using microbiome transplant experiments, we asked whether there were differences in transcriptional responses when mosquitoes of different species were used as microbiome donors. We used microbiomes from four different donor species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the Culicidae, collected either from the laboratory or the field. We found that when recipients received a microbiome from a donor reared in the laboratory, the response was remarkably similar regardless of donor species. However, when the donor had been collected from the field, many more genes were differentially expressed. We also found that while the transplant procedure did have some effect on the host transcriptome, this is likely to have had a limited effect on mosquito fitness. Overall, our results highlight the possibility that variation in mosquito microbiome communities is associated with variability in host-microbiome interactions and further demonstrate the utility of the microbiome transplantation technique for investigating host-microbe interactions in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand Hegde
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Laura E. Brettell
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M4 4WT, UK
| | - Shannon Quek
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kayvan Etebari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miguel A. Saldaña
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerri L. Coon
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eva Heinz
- Departments of Vector Biology and Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Grant L. Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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15
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Domínguez-Santos R, Baixeras J, Moya A, Latorre A, Gil R, García-Ferris C. Gut Microbiota Is Not Essential for Survival and Development in Blattella germanica, but Affects Uric Acid Storage. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:153. [PMID: 38276282 PMCID: PMC10821347 DOI: 10.3390/life14010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cockroaches harbor two coexisting symbiotic systems: the obligate endosymbiont Blattabacterium cuenotii, and a complex gut microbiota. Blattabacterium is the only bacterium present in the eggs, as the gut microbiota is acquired by horizontal transmission after hatching, mostly through coprophagy. Blattella germanica, a cosmopolitan omnivorous cockroach living in intimate association with humans, is an appropriate model system for studying whether the gut microbiota is essential for the cockroach's survival, development, or welfare. We obtained a germ-free cockroach population (i.e., containing normal amounts of the endosymbiont, but free of microbes on the insects' surface and digestive tract). Non-significant differences with the controls were detected in most fitness parameters analyzed, except for a slight shortening in the hatching time of the second generation and a reduction in female weight at 10 days after adult ecdysis. The latter is accompanied by a decrease in uric acid reserves. This starvation-like phenotype of germ-free B. germanica suggests that the microbiota is not essential in this species for survival and development throughout its complete life cycle, but it could participate in complementation of host nutrition by helping with food digestion and nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Domínguez-Santos
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Avenida de Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Baixeras
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (ICBiBE), University of Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Andrés Moya
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Avenida de Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Avenida de Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Gil
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Avenida de Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Ferris
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València/CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (R.D.-S.); (A.M.); (A.L.)
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Avenida de Cataluña, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Sbaghdi T, Garneau JR, Yersin S, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Bocquet M, Moné A, El Alaoui H, Bulet P, Blot N, Delbac F. The Response of the Honey Bee Gut Microbiota to Nosema ceranae Is Modulated by the Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici and the Neonicotinoid Thiamethoxam. Microorganisms 2024; 12:192. [PMID: 38258019 PMCID: PMC10819737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The honey bee Apis mellifera is exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors, such as the highly prevalent microsporidian parasite Nosema (Vairimorpha) ceranae and neonicotinoid insecticides. Both can affect honey bee physiology and microbial gut communities, eventually reducing its lifespan. They can also have a combined effect on the insect's survival. The use of bacterial probiotics has been proposed to improve honey bee health, but their beneficial effect remains an open question. In the present study, western honey bees were experimentally infected with N. ceranae spores, chronically exposed to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, and/or supplied daily with the homofermentative bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M thought to improve the honey bees' tolerance to the parasite. Deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing allowed the response of the gut microbiota to be investigated with a taxonomic resolution at the species level. All treatments induced significant changes in honey bee gut bacterial communities. Nosema ceranae infection increased the abundance of Proteus mirabilis, Frischella perrara, and Gilliamella apicola and reduced the abundance of Bifidobacterium asteroides, Fructobacillus fructosus, and Lactobacillus spp. Supplementation with P. acidilactici overturned some of these alterations, bringing back the abundance of some altered species close to the relative abundance found in the controls. Surprisingly, the exposure to thiamethoxam also restored the relative abundance of some species modulated by N. ceranae. This study shows that stressors and probiotics may have an antagonistic impact on honey bee gut bacterial communities and that P. acidilactici may have a protective effect against the dysbiosis induced by an infection with N. ceranae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thania Sbaghdi
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement”, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Julian R. Garneau
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Campus UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.R.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Simon Yersin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Campus UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (J.R.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- Lallemand SAS, 19 Rue des Briquetiers, BP 59, CEDEX, F-31702 Blagnac, France;
- Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | | | - Anne Moné
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement”, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement”, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Philippe Bulet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CR Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Platform BioPark Archamps, ArchParc, F-74160 Archamps, France
| | - Nicolas Blot
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement”, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (A.M.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement”, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (T.S.); (A.M.); (H.E.A.)
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17
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Getachew B, Hauser SR, Bennani S, El Kouhen N, Sari Y, Tizabi Y. Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:11881. [PMID: 38322648 PMCID: PMC10846679 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Reciprocal communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, commonly referred to as the "gut-brain-axis" is crucial in maintaining overall physiological homeostasis. Gut microbiota development and brain maturation (neuronal connectivity and plasticity) appear to be synchronized and to follow the same timeline during childhood (immature), adolescence (expansion) and adulthood (completion). It is important to note that the mesolimbic reward circuitry develops early on, whereas the maturation of the inhibitory frontal cortical neurons is delayed. This imbalance can lead to increased acquirement of reward-seeking and risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, and consequently eventuate in heightened risk for substance abuse. Thus, there is high initiation of alcohol drinking in early adolescence that significantly increases the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood. The underlying causes for heightened AUD risk are not well understood. It is suggested that alcohol-associated gut microbiota impairment during adolescence plays a key role in AUD neurodevelopment in adulthood. Furthermore, alcohol-induced dysregulation of microglia, either directly or indirectly through interaction with gut microbiota, may be a critical neuroinflammatory pathway leading to neurodevelopmental impairments and AUD. In this review article, we highlight the influence of adolescent alcohol drinking on gut microbiota, gut-brain axis and microglia, and eventual manifestation of AUD. Furthermore, novel therapeutic interventions via gut microbiota manipulations are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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18
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Morrill A, Forbes MR, Vesterinen EJ, Tamminen M, Sääksjärvi IE, Kaunisto KM. Molecular Characterisation of Faecal Bacterial Assemblages Among Four Species of Syntopic Odonates. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 87:16. [PMID: 38108886 PMCID: PMC10728244 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Factors such as host species, phylogeny, diet, and both timing and location of sampling are thought to influence the composition of gut-associated bacteria in insects. In this study, we compared the faecal-associated bacterial taxa for three Coenagrion and one Enallagma damselfly species. We expected high overlap in representation of bacterial taxa due to the shared ecology and diet of these species. Using metabarcoding based on the 16S rRNA gene, we identified 1513 sequence variants, representing distinct bacterial 'taxa'. Intriguingly, the damselfly species showed somewhat different magnitudes of richness of ZOTUs, ranging from 480 to 914 ZOTUs. In total, 921 (or 60.8% of the 1513) distinct ZOTUs were non-shared, each found only in one species, and then most often in only a single individual. There was a surfeit of these non-shared incidental ZOTUs in the Enallagma species accounting for it showing the highest bacterial richness and accounting for a sample-wide pattern of more single-species ZOTUs than expected, based on comparisons to the null model. Future studies should address the extent to which faecal bacteria represent non-incidental gut bacteria and whether abundant and shared taxa are true gut symbionts. Pictures of odonates adopted from Norske Art databank under Creative Commons License (CC BY 4.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morrill
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M R Forbes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - E J Vesterinen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Tamminen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - K M Kaunisto
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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19
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Shahila Ismail KI, Kumar CVS, Aneesha U, Syama PS, Sajini KP. Comparative analysis of gut bacteria of silkworm Bombyx mori L. on exposure to temperature through 16S rRNA high throughput metagenomic sequencing. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:107992. [PMID: 37741505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is one of the serious threats that adversely affects the development and reproduction of silkworms. The ideal temperature for silkworms to carryout normal life activities is 20-30 °C. Certain bivoltine silkworms that are raised in tropical regions are thermotolerant. But, prolonged exposure to high temperatures may be fatal. In the present study, fifth instar larvae of bivoltine silkworm were exposed to heat shock at 40 ± 2 °C for a short period of one hour per day to examine the changes in the gut microflora. The study used high throughput sequencing to evaluate the impact of intestinal microbes of silkworms in response to high temperature. The findings demonstrated that elevated temperature has a negative impact on the intestinal microbes of silkworm compared to the control which were reared under the optimum temperature (25 ± 3° C). Four hundred and fifty eight (458) species of microbes were reported in the control group whereas only 434 species were reported in the temperature exposed group. The digestive process of silkworms may also be impaired by heat shock due to their effect on digestive enzymes. So, the results indicated that heat shock has an impact on the intestinal microflora of silkworms that control the activity of associated digestive enzymes which affects the digestion and nutritional intake, eventually impacting the growth and development of silkworm larvae and cocoons produced. The morphometric parameters of silkworm larvae and cocoons also showed a considerable drop when exposed to heat shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Shahila Ismail
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Govt. Victoria College, Palakkad, India.
| | - C V Sreeranjit Kumar
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Govt. Victoria College, Palakkad, India.
| | - U Aneesha
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Govt. Victoria College, Palakkad, India
| | - P S Syama
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Govt. Victoria College, Palakkad, India
| | - K P Sajini
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Govt. Victoria College, Palakkad, India
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20
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Gomes AFF, de Almeida LG, Cônsoli FL. Comparative Genomics of Pesticide-Degrading Enterococcus Symbionts of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Leads to the Identification of Two New Species and the Reappraisal of Insect-Associated Enterococcus Species. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2583-2605. [PMID: 37433981 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus species have been described as core members of the microbial community of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and have been previously reported as insecticide degrading agents. This study aimed to investigate the molecular composition of these microbial symbionts of S. frugiperda to better understand their association with the host and their potential for insecticide metabolization. Through phenotypic assays and comparative genomic analyses of several pesticide-degrading Enterococcus isolated from the gut of S. frugiperda larvae, we identified two new species: Enterococcus entomosocium n. sp. and Enterococcus spodopteracolus n. sp. Their identities as new species were confirmed by whole genome alignment, utilizing cut-offs of 95-96% for the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 70% for the digital DNA: DNA hybridization (dDDH) values. The systematic positioning of these new species within the genus Enterococcus was resolved using genome-based analysis, revealing Enterococcus casseliflavus as a sister group of E. entomosocium n. sp., and Enterococcus mundtii as a sister group of E. spodopteracolus n. sp. Comparative genomic analyses of several isolates of E. entomosocium n. sp. and E. spodopteracolus n. sp. provided a better assessment of the interactions established in the symbiotic association with S. frugiperda and led to the discovery of misidentified new species of Enterococcus associated with insects. Our analyses indicated that the potential of E. entomosocium n. sp. and E. spodopteracolus n. sp. to metabolize different pesticides arises from molecular mechanisms that result in rapid evolution of new phenotypes in response to environmental stressors, in this case, the pesticides their host insect is exposed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Freitas Gomes
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Insect Interactions Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Gustavo de Almeida
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Insect Interactions Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Insect Interactions Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Upfold J, Rejasse A, Nielsen-Leroux C, Jensen AB, Sanchis-Borja V. The immunostimulatory role of an Enterococcus-dominated gut microbiota in host protection against bacterial and fungal pathogens in Galleria mellonella larvae. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1260333. [PMID: 38469511 PMCID: PMC10926436 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1260333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune response in insects is crucial, given its diverse impact on the pathogenesis of various microbial species. The microbiota's modulation of the host immune system is one such mechanism, although its complete impact on immune responses remains elusive. This study investigated the tripartite interaction between the gut microbiota, pathogens, and the host's response in Galleria mellonella larvae reared under axenic (sterile) and conventional (non-sterile) conditions. The influence of the microbiota on host fitness during infections was evaluated via two different routes: oral infection induced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae (Btg), and topical infection induced by Metarhizium robertsii (Mr). We observed that larvae without a microbiota can successfully fulfill their life cycle, albeit with more variation in their developmental time. We subsequently performed survival assays on final-instar larvae, using the median lethal dose (LD50) of Btg and Mr. Our findings indicated that axenic larvae were more vulnerable to an oral infection of Btg; specifically, a dose that was calculated to be half-lethal for the conventional group resulted in a 90%-100% mortality rate in the axenic group. Through a dual-analysis experimental design, we could identify the status of the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing and assess the level of immune-related gene expression in the same group of larvae at basal conditions and during infection. This analysis revealed that the microbiota of our conventionally reared population was dominated entirely by four Enterococcus species, and these species potentially stimulated the immune response in the gut, due to the increased basal expression of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)-gallerimycin and gloverin-in the conventional larvae compared with the axenic larvae. Furthermore, Enterococcus mundtii, isolated from the gut of conventional larvae, showed inhibition activity against Btg in vitro. Lastly, other immune effectors, namely, phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph and total reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the gut, were tested to further investigate the extent of the stimulation of the microbiota on the immune response. These findings highlight the immune-modulatory role of the Enterococcus-dominated gut microbiota, an increasingly reported microbiota assemblage of laboratory populations of Lepidoptera, and its influence on the host's response to oral and topical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Upfold
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Agnès Rejasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Annette Bruun Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Vincent Sanchis-Borja
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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22
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang H, Roy A, Liu H, Han F, Zhang X, Lu Q. Genome and transcriptome of Ips nitidus provide insights into high-altitude hypoxia adaptation and symbiosis. iScience 2023; 26:107793. [PMID: 37731610 PMCID: PMC10507238 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ips nitidus is a well-known conifer pest that has contributed significantly to spruce forest disturbance in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and seriously threatens the ecological balance of these areas. We report a chromosome-level genome of I. nitidus determined by PacBio and Hi-C technology. Phylogenetic inference showed that it diverged from the common ancestor of I. typographus ∼2.27 mya. Gene family expansion in I. nitidus was characterized by DNA damage repair and energy metabolism, which may facilitate adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. Interestingly, differential gene expression analysis revealed upregulated genes associated with high-altitude hypoxia adaptation and downregulated genes associated with detoxification after feeding and tunneling in fungal symbiont Ophiostoma bicolor-colonized substrates. Our findings provide evidence of the potential adaptability of I. nitidus to conifer host, high-altitude hypoxia and insight into how fungal symbiont assist in this process. This study enhances our understanding of insect adaptation, symbiosis, and pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Shandong Research Center for Forestry Harmful Biological Control Engineering and Technology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K and EVA.4.0 Unit, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, 165 00 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Huixiang Liu
- Shandong Research Center for Forestry Harmful Biological Control Engineering and Technology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | | | - Xingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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23
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Negroni MA, LeBoeuf AC. Metabolic division of labor in social insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 59:101085. [PMID: 37454732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Social insects are known for reproductive and behavioral division of labor, but little attention has been paid to metabolic forms of division of labor. Metabolic division of labor is the partitioning of complementary metabolic tasks between individuals, and it is widespread in social insects. We define two forms of metabolic division of labor, homosynergetic and heterosynergetic, we pinpoint trophallaxis, trophic eggs, and cannibalism as the primary transfers underlying the homosynergetic form and discuss their evolution. We argue that homosynergetic metabolic division of labor underpins fundamental aspects of colony physiology and may be a necessary feature of superorganismal systems, impacting many life history traits. Investigating metabolic division of labor is necessary to understand major evolutionary transition(s) to superorganismality in social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo A Negroni
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Adria C LeBoeuf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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24
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Li S, Yu X, Fan B, Hao D. A gut-isolated Enterococcus strain (HcM7) triggers the expression of antimicrobial peptides that aid resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Hyphantria cunea larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3529-3537. [PMID: 37198147 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commensal microorganisms are widely distributed in insect gut tissues and play important roles in host nutrition, metabolism, reproductive regulation, and especially immune functioning and tolerance to pathogens. Consequently, gut microbiota represent a promising resource for the development of microbial-based products for pest control and management. However, the interactions among host immunity, entomopathogen infections, and gut microbiota remain poorly understood for many arthropod pests. RESULTS We previously isolated an Enterococcus strain (HcM7) from Hyphantria cunea larvae guts that increased the survival rates of larvae challenged with nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). Here, we further investigated whether this Enterococcus strain stimulates a protective immune response against NPV proliferation. Infection bioassays demonstrated that re-introduction of the HcM7 strain to germfree larvae preactivated the expression of several antimicrobial peptides (particularly H. cunea gloverin 1, HcGlv1), resulting in the significant repression of virus replication in host guts and hemolymph, and consequently improved host survivorship after NPV infection. Furthermore, silencing of the HcGlv1 gene by RNA interference markedly enhanced the deleterious effects of NPV infection, revealing a role of this gut symbiont-induced gene in host defenses against pathogenic infections. CONCLUSION These results show that some gut microorganisms can stimulate host immune systems, thereby contributing to resistance to entomopathogens. Furthermore, HcM7, as a functional symbiotic bacteria of H. cunea larvae, may be a potential target for increasing the effectiveness of biocontrol agents against this devastating pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohang Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binqi Fan
- Forest Station of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Shu Q, Guo X, Tian C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Cheng J, Li F, Li B. Homeostatic Regulation of the Duox-ROS Defense System: Revelations Based on the Diversity of Gut Bacteria in Silkworms ( Bombyx mori). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12731. [PMID: 37628915 PMCID: PMC10454487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Duox-ROS defense system plays an important role in insect intestinal immunity. To investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in Duox-ROS regulation herein, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was utilized to compare the characteristics of bacterial populations in the midgut of silkworm after different time-periods of treatment with three feeding methods: 1-4 instars artificial diet (AD), 1-4 instars mulberry leaf (ML) and 1-3 instars artificial diet + 4 instar mulberry leaf (TM). The results revealed simple intestinal microbiota in the AD group whilst microbiota were abundant and variable in the ML and TM silkworms. By analyzing the relationship among intestinal pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and microorganism composition, it was identified that an acidic intestinal environment inhibited the growth of intestinal microbiota of silkworms, observed concurrently with low ROS content and a high activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, TPX, CAT). Gene expression associated with the Duox-ROS defense system was detected using RT-qPCR and identified to be low in the AD group and significantly higher in the TM group of silkworms. This study provides a new reference for the future improvement of the artificial diet feeding of silkworm and a systematic indicator for the further study of the relationship between changes in the intestinal environment and intestinal microbiota balance caused by dietary alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Shu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiqian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Chao Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Jialu Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
- Sericulture Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Q.S.); (X.G.); (C.T.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.C.); (F.L.)
- Sericulture Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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26
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Dai J, Cai X, Liu L, Lin Y, Huang Y, Lin J, Shu B. The comparison of gut gene expression and bacterial community in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) adults fed on Murraya exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:416. [PMID: 37488494 PMCID: PMC10364414 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is an important citrus pest. It serves as the vector for the transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which induced a destructive disease, Huanglongbing, and caused huge economic losses. During the interaction between insects and plants, insects have evolved a series of mechanisms to adapt to various host plants. Murraya exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin (Citrus reticulate cv. Shatangju) are the Rutaceae species from different genera that have been discovered as suitable hosts for D. citri adults. While the adaptation mechanism of this pest to these two host plants is unclear. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq and 16 S rDNA amplification sequencing were performed on the gut of D. citri adults reared on M. exotica and 'Shatangju' mandarin. RNA-seq results showed that a total of 964 differentially expressed genes were found in different gut groups with two host plant treatments. The impacted genes include those that encode ribosomal proteins, cathepsins, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. According to 16 S rDNA sequencing, the compositions of the gut bacterial communities were altered by different treatments. The α and β diversity analyses confirmed that the host plant changes influenced the gut microbial diversity. The functional classification analysis by Tax4Fun revealed that 27 KEGG pathways, mostly those related to metabolism, including those for nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, xenbiotics biodegradation and metabolism, lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, were significantly altered. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings shed light on the connection between D. citri and host plants by showing that host plants alter the gene expression profiles and bacterial community composition of D. citri adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Dai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xueming Cai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yanzheng Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Institute for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, 313 Yingdong Teaching Building, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Cazzaniga M, Domínguez-Santos R, Marín-Miret J, Gil R, Latorre A, García-Ferris C. Exploring Gut Microbial Dynamics and Symbiotic Interaction in Blattella germanica Using Rifampicin. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:955. [PMID: 37508385 PMCID: PMC10376618 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Blattella germanica harbours two cohabiting symbiotic systems: an obligate endosymbiont, Blattabacterium, located inside bacteriocytes and vertically transmitted, which is key in nitrogen metabolism, and abundant and complex gut microbiota acquired horizontally (mainly by coprophagy) that must play an important role in host physiology. In this work, we use rifampicin treatment to deepen the knowledge on the relationship between the host and the two systems. First, we analysed changes in microbiota composition in response to the presence and removal of the antibiotic with and without faeces in one generation. We found that, independently of faeces supply, rifampicin-sensitive bacteria are strongly affected at four days of treatment, and most taxa recover after treatment, although some did not reach control levels. Second, we tried to generate an aposymbiotic population, but individuals that reached the second generation were severely affected and no third generation was possible. Finally, we established a mixed population with quasi-aposymbiotic and control nymphs sharing an environment in a blind experiment. The analysis of the two symbiotic systems in each individual after reaching the adult stage revealed that endosymbiont's load does not affect the composition of the hindgut microbiota, suggesting that there is no interaction between the two symbiotic systems in Blattella germanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cazzaniga
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rebeca Domínguez-Santos
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Marín-Miret
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rosario Gil
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Ferris
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Genomic and Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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28
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Wang Z, Yong H, Zhang S, Liu Z, Zhao Y. Colonization Resistance of Symbionts in Their Insect Hosts. INSECTS 2023; 14:594. [PMID: 37504600 PMCID: PMC10380809 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic microbiome is critical in promoting insect resistance against colonization by exogenous microorganisms. The mechanisms by which symbionts contribute to the host's immune capacity is referred to as colonization resistance. Symbionts can protect insects from exogenous pathogens through a variety of mechanisms, including upregulating the expression of host immune-related genes, producing antimicrobial substances, and competitively excluding pathogens. Concordantly, insects have evolved fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms to avoid overactive immune responses against symbionts or specialized cells to harbor symbionts. Alternatively, some symbionts have evolved special adaptations, such as the formation of biofilms to increase their tolerance to host immune responses. Here, we provide a review of the mechanisms about colonization resistance of symbionts in their insect hosts. Adaptations of symbionts and their insect hosts that may maintain such symbiotic relationships, and the significance of such relationships in the coevolution of symbiotic systems are also discussed to provide insights into the in-depth study of the contribution of symbionts to host physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Wang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanzi Yong
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Jeon J, Rahman MM, Han C, Shin J, Sa KJ, Kim J. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Life Table Comparisons and Gut Microbiome Analysis Reared on Corn Varieties. INSECTS 2023; 14:358. [PMID: 37103173 PMCID: PMC10146201 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) is an invasive migratory pest that has recently spread to Korea, damaging several corn cultivars with significant economic value. Comparisons of the growth stages of FAW were conducted based on the preferred feed. Therefore, we selected six maize cultivars, including three categories: (i) commercial waxy corn (mibaek 2-ho, heukjeom 2-ho, dreamoak); (ii) popcorn (oryun popcorn, oryun 2-ho); and (iii) processing corn (miheukchal). A significant effect was observed during the larvae period, pupal period, egg hatching ratio, and larvae weight, whereas the total survival period and adult period did not show significant variation among the tested corn cultivars. We identified variations in the FAW gut bacterial community that were dependent on the genotype of the corn maize feed. The identified phyla included Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Among these genera, the most abundant bacterial genus was Enterococcus, followed by Ureibacillus. Enterococcus mundtii was the most abundant among the top 40 bacterial species. The intergenic PCR-based amplification and gene sequence of the colony isolates were also matched to the GenBank owing to the prevalence of E. mundtii. These results showed that the bacterial diversity and abundance of particular bacteria in the guts of FAWs were influenced by the six major maize corn cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Md-Mafizur Rahman
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Changhee Han
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Shin
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Medicine, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Unraveling the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065753. [PMID: 36982826 PMCID: PMC10059942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, mainly positively charged, amphipathic molecules. AMPs are important effectors of the immune response in insects with a broad spectrum of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activity. In addition to these well-known roles, AMPs exhibit many other, often unobvious, functions in the host. They support insects in the elimination of viral infections. AMPs participate in the regulation of brain-controlled processes, e.g., sleep and non-associative learning. By influencing neuronal health, communication, and activity, they can affect the functioning of the insect nervous system. Expansion of the AMP repertoire and loss of their specificity is connected with the aging process and lifespan of insects. Moreover, AMPs take part in maintaining gut homeostasis, regulating the number of endosymbionts as well as reducing the number of foreign microbiota. In turn, the presence of AMPs in insect venom prevents the spread of infection in social insects, where the prey may be a source of pathogens.
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Hegde S, Brettell LE, Quek S, Etebari K, Saldaña MA, Asgari S, Coon KL, Heinz E, Hughes GL. Aedes aegypti gut transcriptomes respond differently to microbiome transplants from field-caught or laboratory-reared mosquitoes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532926. [PMID: 36993663 PMCID: PMC10055144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito microbiome is critical for host development and plays a major role in many aspects of mosquito biology. While the microbiome is commonly dominated by a small number of genera, there is considerable variation in composition among mosquito species, life stages, and geography. How the host controls and is affected by this variation is unclear. Using microbiome transplant experiments, we asked whether there were differences in transcriptional responses when mosquitoes of different species were used as microbiome donors. We used microbiomes from four different donor species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the Culicidae, collected either from the laboratory or field. We found that when recipients received a microbiome from a donor reared in the laboratory, the response was remarkably similar regardless of donor species. However, when the donor had been collected from the field, far more genes were differentially expressed. We also found that while the transplant procedure did have some effect on the host transcriptome, this is likely to have had a limited effect on mosquito fitness. Overall, our results highlight the possibility that variation in mosquito microbiome communities are associated with variability in host-microbiome interactions and further demonstrate the utility of the microbiome transplantation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand Hegde
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Laura E Brettell
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Shannon Quek
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kayvan Etebari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miguel A Saldaña
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerri L Coon
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eva Heinz
- Departments of Vector Biology and Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Yu Y, Zhang J, Zhu F, Fan M, Zheng J, Cai M, Zheng L, Huang F, Yu Z, Zhang J. Enhanced protein degradation by black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens L.) and its gut microbes. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1095025. [PMID: 36704554 PMCID: PMC9871565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1095025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can convert a variety of organic wastes into biomass, and its gut microbiota are involved in this process. However, the role of gut microbes in the nutrient metabolism of BSFL is unclear. In this study, germ-free BSFL (GF) and gnotobiotic BSFL (GB) were evaluated in a high-protein artificial diet model. We used 16S rDNA sequencing, ITS1 sequencing, and network analysis to study gut microbiota in BSFL that degrade proteins. The protein reduction rate of the GB BSFL group was significantly higher (increased by 73.44%) than that of the GF BSFL group. The activity of gut proteinases, such as trypsin and peptidase, in the GB group was significantly higher than the GF group. The abundances of different gut microbes, including Pseudomonas spp., Orbus spp. and Campylobacter spp., were strongly correlated with amino acid metabolic pathways. Dysgonomonas spp. were strongly correlated with protein digestion and absorption. Issatchenkia spp. had a strong correlation with pepsin activity. Campylobacter spp., Pediococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were strongly correlated with trypsin activity. Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. were strongly correlated with peptidase activity. Gut microbes such as Issatchenkia spp. may promote the gut proteolytic enzyme activity of BSFL and improve the degradation rate of proteins. BSFL protein digestion and absorption involves gut microbiota that have a variety of functions. In BSFL the core gut microbiota help complete protein degradation. These results demonstrate that core gut microbes in BSFL are important in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jibin Zhang, ✉
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Avila-Arias H, Turco RF, Scharf ME, Groves RL, Richmond DS. Larvae of an invasive scarab increase greenhouse gas emissions from soils and recruit gut mycobiota involved in C and N transformations. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1102523. [PMID: 37025631 PMCID: PMC10072269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soil-derived prokaryotic gut communities of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (JB) larval gut include heterotrophic, ammonia-oxidizing, and methanogenic microbes potentially capable of promoting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, no research has directly explored GHG emissions or the eukaryotic microbiota associated with the larval gut of this invasive species. In particular, fungi are frequently associated with the insect gut where they produce digestive enzymes and aid in nutrient acquisition. Using a series of laboratory and field experiments, this study aimed to (1) assess the impact of JB larvae on soil GHG emissions; (2) characterize gut mycobiota associated with these larvae; and (3) examine how soil biological and physicochemical characteristics influence variation in both GHG emissions and the composition of larval gut mycobiota. Methods Manipulative laboratory experiments consisted of microcosms containing increasing densities of JB larvae alone or in clean (uninfested) soil. Field experiments included 10 locations across Indiana and Wisconsin where gas samples from soils, as well as JB and their associated soil were collected to analyze soil GHG emissions, and mycobiota (ITS survey), respectively. Results In laboratory trials, emission rates of CO2, CH4, and N2O from infested soil were ≥ 6.3× higher per larva than emissions from JB larvae alone whereas CO2 emission rates from soils previously infested by JB larvae were 1.3× higher than emissions from JB larvae alone. In the field, JB larval density was a significant predictor of CO2 emissions from infested soils, and both CO2 and CH4 emissions were higher in previously infested soils. We found that geographic location had the greatest influence on variation in larval gut mycobiota, although the effects of compartment (i.e., soil, midgut and hindgut) were also significant. There was substantial overlap in the composition and prevalence of the core fungal mycobiota across compartments with prominent fungal taxa being associated with cellulose degradation and prokaryotic methane production/consumption. Soil physicochemical characteristics such as organic matter, cation exchange capacity, sand, and water holding capacity, were also correlated with both soil GHG emission, and fungal a-diversity within the JB larval gut. Conclusions: Results indicate JB larvae promote GHG emissions from the soil directly through metabolic activities, and indirectly by creating soil conditions that favor GHG-associated microbial activity. Fungal communities associated with the JB larval gut are primarily influenced by adaptation to local soils, with many prominent members of that consortium potentially contributing to C and N transformations capable of influencing GHG emissions from infested soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Avila-Arias
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Helena Avila-Arias,
| | - Ronald F. Turco
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Michael E. Scharf
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Russell L. Groves
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Douglas S. Richmond
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Wang X, Wang H, Su X, Zhang J, Bai J, Zeng J, Li H. Dynamic changes of gut bacterial communities present in larvae of Anoplophora glabripennies collected at different developmental stages. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21978. [PMID: 36377756 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennies (Motschulsky), is a destructive wood-boring pest that is capable of killing healthy trees. Gut bacteria in the larvae of the wood-boring pest is essential for the fitness of hosts. However, little is known about the structure of the intestinal microbiome of A. glabripennies during larval development. Here, we used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the larval intestinal bacterial communities of A. glabripennies at the stages of newly hatched larvae, 1st instar larvae and 4th instar larvae. Significant differences were found in larval gut microbial community structure at different larvae developmental stages. Different dominant genus was detected during larval development. Acinetobacter were dominant in the newly hatched larvae, Enterobacter and Raoultella in the 1st instar larvae, and Enterococcus and Gibbsiella in the 4th instar larvae. The microbial richness in the newly hatched larvae was higher than those in the 1st and 4th instar larvae. Many important functions of the intestinal microbiome were predicted, for example, fermentation and chemoheterotrophy functions that may play an important role in insect growth and development was detected in the bacteria at all tested stages. However, some specific functions are found to be associated with different development stages. Our study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the function of the intestinal symbiosis bacteria of A. glabripennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueFei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - HuaLing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
| | - XiaoYu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - JiaWei Bai
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - JianYong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Hebei, China
| | - HuiPing Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
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Magagnoli S, Alberoni D, Baffoni L, Martini A, Marini F, Di Gioia D, Mazzon M, Marzadori C, Campanelli G, Burgio G. The ground beetle Pseudoophonus rufipes gut microbiome is influenced by the farm management system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22638. [PMID: 36587034 PMCID: PMC9805440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive conventional farm management, characterized by high agrochemicals input, could alter the composition of microbial communities with potential negative effects on both functional traits and the ecosystem services provided. In this study, we investigated the gut microbial composition of a high ecological relevance carabid Pseudoophonus rufipes, sampled in two fields subjected to conventional and organic management practices. Carabids' gut microbiota was analyzed via qPCR and NGS. Profound differences between the microbial composition of organic and conventional samples were detected: the abundance of Tenericutes and Proteobacteria was significant higher in organic and conventional samples, respectively. Spiroplasmataceae and Bifidobacteriaceae families were significantly more abundant in samples from organic management, while Enterococcaceae, Morganellaceae and Yersiniaceae were more abundant in samples from conventional management. The diverse gut microbial composition of insects between the two management systems is related to the pressure of environmental stressors and it may representing an important bioindication of ecological functions and services provided by a carabid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Magagnoli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Alberoni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Baffoni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Martini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Di Gioia
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzon
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marzadori
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Campanelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia – Centro di ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo (CREA -OF) - Sede di Monsampolo del Tronto, via Salaria 1, 63077 Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy
| | - Giovanni Burgio
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Zhang L, Zhuang T, Hu M, Liu S, Wu D, Ji B. Gut microbiota contributes to lignocellulose deconstruction and nitrogen fixation of the larva of Apriona swainsoni. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1072893. [PMID: 36620205 PMCID: PMC9816477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1072893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apriona swainsoni is a vital forest pest prevalent in China. The larvae of A. swainsoni live solely in the branches of trees and rely entirely on the xylem for nutrition. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the gut microbiota's use of almost nitrogen-free wood components to provide bio-organic macromolecular components needed for their growth. Thus, in this study, the metagenome, metaproteome, and metabolome of the A. swainsoni larvae in four gut segments (foregut; midgut; anterior hindgut; posterior hindgut) were analyzed by the multi-omics combined technology, to explore the metabolic utilization mechanism of the corresponding gut microbiota of A. swainsoni. Firstly, we found that the metagenome of different gut segments was not significantly different in general, but there were different combinations of dominant bacteria and genes in different gut segments, and the metaproteome and metabolome of four gut segments were significantly different in general. Secondly, the multi-omics results showed that there were significant gradient differences in the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in different segments of A. swainsoni, and the expression of corresponding metabolic proteins was the highest in the midgut, suggesting the metabolic characteristics of these lignocellulose components in A. swainsoni gut segments. Finally, we found that the C/N ratio of woody food was significantly lower than that of frass, and metagenomic results showed that nitrogen fixation genes mainly existed in the foregut and two hindgut segments. The expression of the key nitrogen fixing gene nifH occurred in two hindgut parts, indicating the feature of nitrogen fixation of A. swainsoni. In conclusion, our results provide direct evidence that the larvae of A. swainsoni can adapt to the relatively harsh niche conditions through the highly organized gut microbiome in four gut segments, and may play a major role in their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Zhuang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- The Administration Bureau of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Baozhong Ji
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Studying Plant-Insect Interactions through the Analyses of the Diversity, Composition, and Functional Inference of Their Bacteriomes. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010040. [PMID: 36677331 PMCID: PMC9863603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As with many other trophic interactions, the interchange of microorganisms between plants and their herbivorous insects is unavoidable. To test the hypothesis that the composition and diversity of the insect bacteriome are driven by the bacteriome of the plant, the bacteriomes of both the plant Datura inoxia and its specialist insect Lema daturaphila were characterised using 16S sRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Specifically, the bacteriomes associated with seeds, leaves, eggs, guts, and frass were described and compared. Then, the functions of the most abundant bacterial lineages found in the samples were inferred. Finally, the patterns of co-abundance among both bacteriomes were determined following a multilayer network approach. In accordance with our hypothesis, most genera were shared between plants and insects, but their abundances differed significantly within the samples collected. In the insect tissues, the most abundant genera were Pseudomonas (24.64%) in the eggs, Serratia (88.46%) in the gut, and Pseudomonas (36.27%) in the frass. In contrast, the most abundant ones in the plant were Serratia (40%) in seeds, Serratia (67%) in foliar endophytes, and Hymenobacter (12.85%) in foliar epiphytes. Indeed, PERMANOVA analysis showed that the composition of the bacteriomes was clustered by sample type (F = 9.36, p < 0.001). Functional inferences relevant to the interaction showed that in the plant samples, the category of Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites was significantly abundant (1.4%). In turn, the category of Xenobiotics degradation and metabolism was significantly present (2.5%) in the insect samples. Finally, the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota showed a pattern of co-abundance in the insect but not in the plant, suggesting that the co-abundance and not the presence−absence patterns might be more important when studying ecological interactions.
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Ganesan R, Wierz JC, Kaltenpoth M, Flórez LV. How It All Begins: Bacterial Factors Mediating the Colonization of Invertebrate Hosts by Beneficial Symbionts. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0012621. [PMID: 36301103 PMCID: PMC9769632 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00126-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial associations with bacteria are widespread across animals, spanning a range of symbiont localizations, transmission routes, and functions. While some of these associations have evolved into obligate relationships with permanent symbiont localization within the host, the majority require colonization of every host generation from the environment or via maternal provisions. Across the broad diversity of host species and tissue types that beneficial bacteria can colonize, there are some highly specialized strategies for establishment yet also some common patterns in the molecular basis of colonization. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the early stage of beneficial bacterium-invertebrate associations, from initial contact to the establishment of the symbionts in a specific location of the host's body. We first reflect on general selective pressures that can drive the transition from a free-living to a host-associated lifestyle in bacteria. We then cover bacterial molecular factors for colonization in symbioses from both model and nonmodel invertebrate systems where these have been studied, including terrestrial and aquatic host taxa. Finally, we discuss how interactions between multiple colonizing bacteria and priority effects can influence colonization. Taking the bacterial perspective, we emphasize the importance of developing new experimentally tractable systems to derive general insights into the ecological factors and molecular adaptations underlying the origin and establishment of beneficial symbioses in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ganesan
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen C. Wierz
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura V. Flórez
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Organismal Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Micro"bee"ota: Honey Bee Normal Microbiota as a Part of Superorganism. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122359. [PMID: 36557612 PMCID: PMC9785237 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are model organisms for microbiota research. Gut microbiomes are very interesting for surveys due to their simple structure and relationship with hive production. Long-term studies reveal the gut microbiota patterns of various hive members, as well as the functions, sources, and interactions of the majority of its bacteria. But the fungal non-pathogenic part of gut microbiota is almost unexplored, likewise some other related microbiota. Honey bees, as superorganisms, interact with their own microorganisms, the microbial communities of food stores, hive surfaces, and other environments. Understanding microbiota diversity, its transition ways, and hive niche colonization control are necessary for understanding any separate microbiota niche because of their interplay. The long coevolution of bees with the microorganisms populating these niches makes these systems co-dependent, integrated, and stable. Interaction with the environment, hive, and other bees determines caste lifestyle as well as individual microbiota. In this article, we bring together studies on the microbiota of the western honey bee. We show a possible relationship between caste determination and microbiota composition. And what is primary: caste differentiation or microbiota composition?
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Querejeta M, Hervé V, Perdereau E, Marchal L, Herniou EA, Boyer S, Giron D. Changes in Bacterial Community Structure Across the Different Life Stages of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02146-x. [PMID: 36434303 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The digestive capacity of organic compounds by the black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Linnaeus, 1758) is known to rely on complex larva-microbiota interactions. Although insect development is known to be a driver of changes of bacterial communities, the fluctuations along BSF life cycle in terms of composition and diversity of bacterial communities are still unknown. In this work, we used a metabarcoding approach to explore the differences in bacterial diversity along all four BSF developmental stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult. We detected not only significant differences in bacterial community composition and species richness along the development of BSF, but also nine prevalent amplicon single variants (ASVs) forming the core microbiota. Out of the 2010 ASVs identified, 160 were significantly more abundant in one of the life stages. Moreover, using PICRUSt2, we inferred 27 potential metabolic pathways differentially used among the BSF life cycle. This distribution of metabolic pathways was congruent with the bacterial taxonomic distribution among life stages, demonstrating that the functional requirements of each phase of development are drivers of bacterial composition and diversity. This study provides a better understanding of the different metabolic processes occurring during BSF development and their links to changes in bacterial taxa. This information has important implications for improving bio-waste processing in such an economically important insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Querejeta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France.
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Vincent Hervé
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Elfie Perdereau
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lorène Marchal
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Boyer
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Jaffar S, Ahmad S, Lu Y. Contribution of insect gut microbiota and their associated enzymes in insect physiology and biodegradation of pesticides. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979383. [PMID: 36187965 PMCID: PMC9516005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the agroecosystem in the past several years. They have caused many severe threats to non-target organisms, including humans. Therefore, the complete removal of toxic compounds is gaining wide attention to protect the ecosystem and the diversity of living organisms. Several methods, such as physical, chemical and biological, are applied to degrade compounds, but as compared to other methods, biological methods are considered more efficient, fast, eco-friendly and less expensive. In particular, employing microbial species and their purified enzymes makes the degradation of toxic pollutants more accessible and converts them into non-toxic products by several metabolic pathways. The digestive tract of insects is usually known as a superior organ that provides a nutrient-rich environment to hundreds of microbial species that perform a pivotal role in various physiological and ecological functions. There is a direct relationship between pesticides and insect pests: pesticides reduce the growth of insect species and alter the phyla located in the gut microbiome. In comparison, the insect gut microbiota tries to degrade toxic compounds by changing their toxicity, increasing the production and regulation of a diverse range of enzymes. These enzymes breakdown into their derivatives, and microbial species utilize them as a sole source of carbon, sulfur and energy. The resistance of pesticides (carbamates, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, and neonicotinoids) in insect species is developed by metabolic mechanisms, regulation of enzymes and the expression of various microbial detoxifying genes in insect guts. This review summarizes the toxic effects of agrochemicals on humans, animals, birds and beneficial arthropods. It explores the preferential role of insect gut microbial species in the degradation process and the resistance mechanism of several pesticides in insect species. Additionally, various metabolic pathways have been systematically discussed to better understand the degradation of xenobiotics by insect gut microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Jaffar
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Host-Specific larval lepidopteran mortality to pathogenic Serratia mediated by poor diet. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107818. [PMID: 35973510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insect guts often harbor an abundance of bacteria. Many of these members are commensal, but some may emerge as opportunistic pathogens when the host is under stress. In this study, we evaluated how dietary nutritional concentration mediates a shift from commensal to pathogenic, and if host species influences those interactions. We used the lepidopterans (Noctuidae) fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), and corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) as hosts and a Serratia strain initially isolated from healthy fall armyworm. Diet concentration was altered by bulk reduction in nutritional content with dilution using cellulose. Our experiments revealed that low nutrient diet increased mortality from Serratia for beet armyworm and corn earworm. However, for fall armyworm, little mortality was observed in any of the diet combinations. Dietary nutrition and oral inoculation with Serratia did not change the expression of two antimicrobial peptides in fall and beet armyworm, suggesting that other mechanisms that mediate mortality were involved. Our results have implications for how pathogens may persist as commensals in the digestive tract of insects. These findings also suggest that diet plays a very important role in the switch from commensal to pathogen. Finally, our data indicate that the host response to changing conditions is critical in determining if a pathogen may overtake its host and that these three lepidopteran species have different responses to opportunistic enteric pathogens.
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Abstract
Gut microbiota can have diverse impacts on hosts, the nature of which often depend on the circumstances. For insect gut microbes, the quality and nature of host diets can be a significant force in swinging the pendulum from inconsequential to functionally important. In our study, we addressed whether beneficial microbes in one species impart similar functions to related species under identical conditions. Using fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), and other noctuid hosts, we implemented an axenic rearing strategy and manipulated gut bacterial populations and dietary conditions. Our results revealed that some gut Enterococcus and Enterobacter isolates can facilitate utilization of a poor diet substrate by fall armyworm, but this was not the case for other more optimized diets. While Enterococcus provided benefits to fall armyworm, it was decidedly antagonistic to beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) under identical conditions. Unique isolates and bacterial introductions at early growth stages were critical to how both larval hosts performed. Our results provide robust evidence of the roles in which bacteria support lepidopteran larval growth, but also indicate that the directionality of these relationships can differ among congener hosts. IMPORTANCE Insects have intimate relationships with gut microbiota, where bacteria can contribute important functions to their invertebrate hosts. Lepidopterans are important insect pests, but how they engage with their gut bacteria and how that translates to impacts on the host are lacking. Here we demonstrate the facultative nature of gut microbiota in lepidopteran larvae and the importance of diet in driving mutualistic or antagonistic relationships. Using multiple lepidopteran species, we uncover that the same bacteria that can facilitate exploitation of a challenging diet in one host severely diminishes larval performance of another larval species. Additionally, we demonstrate the beneficial functions of gut microbiota on the hosts are not limited to one lineage, but rather multiple isolates can facilitate the exploitation of a suboptimal diet. Our results illuminate the context-dependent nature of the gut microbiomes in invertebrates, and how host-specific microbial engagement can produce dramatically different interactions.
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Topical Fungal Infection Induces Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Structure of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060528. [PMID: 35735865 PMCID: PMC9225076 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Fungal entomopathogens are important natural enemies of insect pests and widely applied for biocontrol. Gut microbiota play important roles in mediating insect physiology and behavior. There is growing evidence that alteration of gut microbial communities due to pathological and environmental exposure can have detrimental impacts on host health and pathogen resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of topical infection with Metarhizium anisopliae fungus on the gut microbial community structure of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH), a destructive insect pest of rice. Our results demonstrated dramatic changes of gut bacterial community structure after topical fungal infection in BPH, as indicated by a significant increase in bacterial load, a significant decrease in bacterial community evenness and significant shifts in dominant bacterial abundance at the taxonomic level below the class. The dysbiosis of the gut bacteria might partly be due to the suppression of gut immunity caused by topical fungal infection. Our results highlighted the importance of the gut microbial community in fungal pathogenesis in insects. Abstract The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) is a destructive insect pest posing a serious threat to rice production. The fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae is a promising alternative that can be used for BPH biocontrol. Recent studies have highlighted the significant involvement of gut microbiota in the insect–fungus interactions. In the presented study, we investigated the effects of topical fungal infection on the gut microbial community structure in BPH. Our results revealed that topical infection with M. anisopliae increased the bacterial load and altered the bacterial community structure in the gut of BPH. The relative abundances of the dominant gut bacteria at the order, family and genus level were significantly different between fungus-infected and uninfected groups. At the genus level, the uninfected BPH harbored high proportions of Pantoea and Enterobacter in the gut, whereas the fungus-infected BPH gut was absolutely dominated by Acinetobacter. Moreover, topical fungal infection significantly inhibited the expressions of immune-related genes encoding anti-microbial protein and dual oxidase that were involved in the maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis, indicating that gut bacteria imbalance might be attributed in part to the suppression of gut immunity caused by fungal pathogen. Our results highlighted the importance of the gut microbial community during interactions between fungal pathogens and insect hosts.
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Siddiqui JA, Khan MM, Bamisile BS, Hafeez M, Qasim M, Rasheed MT, Rasheed MA, Ahmad S, Shahid MI, Xu Y. Role of Insect Gut Microbiota in Pesticide Degradation: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870462. [PMID: 35591988 PMCID: PMC9111541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pests cause significant agricultural and economic losses to crops worldwide due to their destructive activities. Pesticides are designed to be poisonous and are intentionally released into the environment to combat the menace caused by these noxious pests. To survive, these insects can resist toxic substances introduced by humans in the form of pesticides. According to recent findings, microbes that live in insect as symbionts have recently been found to protect their hosts against toxins. Symbioses that have been formed are between the pests and various microbes, a defensive mechanism against pathogens and pesticides. Insects' guts provide unique conditions for microbial colonization, and resident bacteria can deliver numerous benefits to their hosts. Insects vary significantly in their reliance on gut microbes for basic functions. Insect digestive tracts are very different in shape and chemical properties, which have a big impact on the structure and composition of the microbial community. Insect gut microbiota has been found to contribute to feeding, parasite and pathogen protection, immune response modulation, and pesticide breakdown. The current review will examine the roles of gut microbiota in pesticide detoxification and the mechanisms behind the development of resistance in insects to various pesticides. To better understand the detoxifying microbiota in agriculturally significant pest insects, we provided comprehensive information regarding the role of gut microbiota in the detoxification of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rasheed
- Department of Life Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Rasheed
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Savio C, Mugo-Kamiri L, Upfold JK. Bugs in Bugs: The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Maintenance of Health in Mass-Reared Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:376. [PMID: 35447818 PMCID: PMC9025317 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between insects and their microbiota affect insect behaviour and evolution. When specific microorganisms are provided as a dietary supplement, insect reproduction, food conversion and growth are enhanced and health is improved in cases of nutritional deficiency or pathogen infection. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of insect-microbiota interactions, to review the role of probiotics, their general use in insects reared for food and feed, and their interactions with the host microbiota. We review how bacterial strains have been selected for insect species reared for food and feed and discuss methods used to isolate and measure the effectiveness of a probiotic. We outline future perspectives on probiotic applications in mass-reared insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Savio
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, GME, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France;
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loretta Mugo-Kamiri
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS-University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Jennifer K. Upfold
- University of Paris Saclay, INRAE, Micalis, GME, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France;
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaildsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Armitage SA, Genersch E, McMahon DP, Rafaluk-Mohr C, Rolff J. Tripartite interactions: how immunity, microbiota and pathogens interact and affect pathogen virulence evolution. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100871. [PMID: 34999035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bipartite interactions between insect hosts and their bacterial gut microbiota, or their bacterial pathogens, are empirically and theoretically well-explored. However, direct, and indirect tripartite interactions will also likely occur inside a host. These interactions will almost certainly affect the trajectory of pathogen virulence evolution, an area that is currently under researched. The interactions within tripartite associations can be competitive, that is, exploitative-competition, interference-competition or apparent-competition. Competitive interactions will be significantly influenced by non-competitive effects, for example, immunopathology, immunosuppression, and microbiota-mediated tolerance. Considering a combination of these interactions and effects, will enable an increased understanding of the evolution of pathogen virulence. This new perspective allows us to identify several novel research questions, which we hope will be a useful framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ao Armitage
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elke Genersch
- Institute for Bee Research, Friedrich-Engels-Straße 32, 16540 Hohen Neuendorf, Germany; Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dino P McMahon
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Department for Materials and Environment, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rafaluk-Mohr
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rolff
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Weinhold A. Bowel Movement: Integrating Host Mobility and Microbial Transmission Across Host Taxa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826364. [PMID: 35242121 PMCID: PMC8886138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of animals displays a high degree of plasticity with respect to environmental or dietary adaptations and is shaped by factors like social interactions, diet diversity or the local environment. But the contribution of these drivers varies across host taxa and our ability to explain microbiome variability within wild populations remains limited. Terrestrial animals have divergent mobility ranges and can either crawl, walk or fly, from a couple of centimeters toward thousands of kilometers. Animal movement has been little regarded in host microbiota frameworks, though it can directly influence major drivers of the host microbiota: (1) Aggregation movement can enhance social transmissions, (2) foraging movement can extend range of diet diversity, and (3) dispersal movement determines the local environment of a host. Here, I would like to outline how movement behaviors of different host taxa matter for microbial acquisition across mammals, birds as well as insects. Host movement can have contrasting effects and either reduce or enlarge spatial scale. Increased dispersal movement could dissolve local effects of sampling location, while aggregation could enhance inter-host transmissions and uniformity among social groups. Host movement can also extend the boundaries of microbial dispersal limitations and connect habitat patches across plant-pollinator networks, while the microbiota of wild populations could converge toward a uniform pattern when mobility is interrupted in captivity or laboratory settings. Hence, the implementation of host movement would be a valuable addition to the metacommunity concept, to comprehend microbial dispersal within and across trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Weinhold
- Faculty of Biology, Cellular and Organismic Networks, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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49
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Of Cockroaches and Symbionts: Recent Advances in the Characterization of the Relationship between Blattella germanica and Its Dual Symbiotic System. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020290. [PMID: 35207577 PMCID: PMC8878154 DOI: 10.3390/life12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic stable symbioses are widespread in all groups of eukaryotes, especially in insects, where symbionts have played an essential role in their evolution. Many insects live in obligate relationship with different ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria, which are needed to maintain their hosts’ fitness in their natural environment, to the point of even relying on them for survival. The case of cockroaches (Blattodea) is paradigmatic, as both symbiotic systems coexist in the same organism in two separated compartments: an intracellular endosymbiont (Blattabacterium) inside bacteriocytes located in the fat body, and a rich and complex microbiota in the hindgut. The German cockroach Blattella germanica is a good model for the study of symbiotic interactions, as it can be maintained in the laboratory in controlled populations, allowing the perturbations of the two symbiotic systems in order to study the communication and integration of the tripartite organization of the host–endosymbiont–microbiota, and to evaluate the role of symbiotic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in host control over their symbionts. The importance of cockroaches as reservoirs and transmission vectors of antibiotic resistance sequences, and their putative interest to search for AMPs to deal with the problem, is also discussed.
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Gur Ozdal O, Algur OF. Biodegradation α-endosulfan and α-cypermethrin by Acinetobacter schindleri B7 isolated from the microflora of grasshopper (Poecilimon tauricola). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:159. [PMID: 35113233 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extensive use of pesticides has led to the contamination of ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to isolate potential new pesticide-degrading bacteria. For the biodegradation of α-endosulfan and α-cypermethrin, a new bacterium was isolated from the body microflora of grasshopper (Poecilimon tauricola). Based on biochemical, morphological, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the isolated strain B7 was identified as Acinetobacter schindleri. This bacterial strain was screened for its α-cypermethrin and α-endosulfan degrading potential with minimal salt medium (MSM) and non-sulfur medium (NSM), respectively. When glucose was added to non-sulfur medium containing α-endosulfan (100 mg/L) and minimal salt medium containing α-cypermethrin (100 mg/L), both pesticide degradation and bacterial growth were increased. Acinetobacter schindleri B7 was able to degrade 67.31% of α-endosulfan and 68.4% of α-cypermethrin within 10 days. The degradation products of pesticides were determined by HPLC. As a result, A. schindleri, a Gram-negative bacterium, can inevitably be used in the biological treatment of environments exposed to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Gur Ozdal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. .,Köprüköy Anatolian High School, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Omer Faruk Algur
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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