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Morphological consistency of desmoplastic reactions between the primary colorectal cancer lesion and associated metastatic lesions. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:47-55. [PMID: 31932918 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some preceding studies show that a desmoplastic reaction (DR) at the invasive front of a primary tumor (DRprimary) is a promising prognostic indicator, and its histologic classification is an independent prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although DR is observed in metastatic lesions, such as those in lymph nodes (DRLN) and the liver (DRliver), the association between DRprimary and DR of metastatic lesions is unclear. We investigated whether DRLN and DRliver could be categorized in the same manner as DRprimary and examined the features and prognostic implications of DRLN and DRliver. In this study, we evaluated 363 patients with metastases to lymph nodes and 45 patients with synchronous liver metastases who underwent curative resection. DRLN and DRliver statuses were classified as mature, intermediate, or immature, based on keloid-like collagen and myxoid stroma appearances in the metastatic lesions. Overall, 109, 106, and 148 patients had mature, intermediate, and immature DRLN, respectively; in total, 5, 21, and 19 patients had mature, intermediate, and immature DRliver, respectively. DRLN and DRprimary (spearman's rho = 0.43, P < 0.0001) and DRliver and DRprimary (spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.0069) were each significantly correlated. The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) after surgery was 67.7% for mature/intermediate DRLN and 52.9% for immature DRLN; the 5-year RFS after hepatectomy was 11.5% for mature/intermediate DRliver and 5.6% for immature DRliver. In conclusion, DRLN and DRliver may be classified in the same manner as DRprimary; morphological consistency of DR was observed between primary and metastatic lesions.
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Hasan R, Bhatt D, Khan S, Khan V, Verma AK, Anees A, Dev K. Association of Her-2 Expression and Clinicopathological Parameters in Colorectal Carcinoma in Indian Population. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:6-11. [PMID: 30740151 PMCID: PMC6352485 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is an oncogenic gene and a well-established therapeutic target in several cancers including breast and ovary. AIM: The present study aimed to compare HER-2 expression status with histological grades as well as Clinicopathological parameters including age, bleeding per rectum, pain/burning sensation in defecation and exercise. METHODS: Her-2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Results of the study shows that 40.96% patients were Her-2 positive for expression and a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.004) was observed in histological grades where most of the cases were of grade II. We also observed a significant difference in histological grades with gender (p-value = 0.04), as well as in both the age groups ≤ 55 years and > 55 years (p-value = < 0.0001). Patients with the bleeding rectum and pain/burning sensation in defecation had grade II/III tumours (93.4%, 88.7%) respectively. A significant association was observed between bleeding per rectum and pain/burning sensation in defecation. About 95% of patients with pain/burning sensation in defecation had bleeding per rectum. CONCLUSION: To conclude, Her-2 can be a potential prognostic marker in CRC. The role of age, tumour grade and bleeding per rectum/burning sensation in defecation are of significant worth. Thus, CRC cases of high grades can be screened for HER-2/neu positivity so that they can be subjected to mAb-based individualised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India.,Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Vasiuddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Afzal Anees
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
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Zheng P, Ren L, Feng Q, Zhu D, Chang W, He G, Ji M, Jian M, Lin Q, Yi T, Wei Y, Xu J. Differences in clinical characteristics and mutational pattern between synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastases. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2871-2881. [PMID: 30214282 PMCID: PMC6118248 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s161392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate differences in clinical characteristics and mutational patterns between synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastases (CLMs). Patients and methods From June 2008 to December 2014, patients with RAS wild-type CLMs treated at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were included. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of primary tumors was sequenced with next-generation sequencing for single-nucleotide polymorphism of 96 genes according to custom panel. Mutations were compared between synchronous and metachronous liver metastases and correlated with clinical characteristics. Results A total of 161 patients were included: 93 patients with synchronous CLM and 68 patients with metachronous CLM. Patients with metachronous CLM were obviously elder. For pathology of primary tumors, synchronous CLMs were larger in size, poorly differentiated, and more frequently local advanced and lymph node positive. For evaluation of liver metastases, synchronous CLM had more and larger metastatic lesions. The median number of mutations in synchronous CLMs was significantly higher than in metachronous group (22 vs. 18, p<0.001). EGFR rs2227983 is the most prevalent mutation in both groups and only a part of prevalent mutations is shared in both groups. Prevalent mutations were correlated with many clinical characteristics. EGFR rs2227983, RBMXL3 rs12399211, and PTCH1 rs357564 were prognostic for latency of metachronous CLM. Conclusion Clinically, synchronous CLMs, compared with metachronous CLMs, were younger and showed heavier tumor burden for both primaries and liver metastases. Genetically, we identified different mutational patterns between synchronous and metachronous CLMs and several correlations between mutations and clinical characteristics. Further researches were needed to confirm these potential key mutations of CLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Li Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qingyang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dexiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guodong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Meiling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mi Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tuo Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Qian W, Ji D, Wang Q, Ji B, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Sun Y, Zhu C, Sun Y. Angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry are inhibited by 8-Br-cAMP through activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3765-3774. [PMID: 29997437 PMCID: PMC6033084 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s164982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes the formation of an epithelial-independent tumor microcirculation system that differs from traditional angiogenesis. Angiogenesis and the formation of VM are closely related through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Materials and methods In this study, 8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analog and PKA activator, was used to activate the cAMP/PKA pathway to evaluate the effects of cAMP/PKA on angiogenesis and VM in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We used a syngeneic model of CRC in BALB/c mice. Results We discovered that treatment with 8-Br-cAMP significantly reduced tumor number compared to control mice after the 7th, 14th, and 28th days of treatment. VM was evaluated by periodic acid–schiff (PAS)–CD31 staining, and we found that VM was inhibited by 8-Br-cAMP treatment in vivo. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cAMP and the activation of PKA by 8-Br-cAMP; quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that 8-Br-cAMP regulated the expression of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), and VEGF in vivo. Experiments in vitro revealed that treatment with 8-Br-cAMP and U0126 decreased VEGF expression through PKA–ERK in CT26 cells by qRT-PCR. We further confirmed that tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was inhibited by 8-Br-cAMP in vitro. Discussion This study demonstrates that angiogenesis and VM are inhibited by 8-Br-cAMP treatment. Our data indicate that 8-Br-cAMP acts through the cAMP/PKA–ERK pathway and through EMT processes in CRC. These findings provide an insight into mechanisms of CRC and suggest that the cAMP/PKA–ERK pathway is a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Wenwei Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Dongjian Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
| | - Yueming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China,
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Immunohistochemical Study of HER2/neu Expression in Colorectal Cancer and its Relation to other Clinicopathological Criteria and Prognostic Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fanotto V, Ongaro E, Rihawi K, Avallone A, Silvestris N, Fornaro L, Vasile E, Antonuzzo L, Leone F, Rosati G, Giuliani F, Bordonaro R, Scartozzi M, Maglio GD, Negri FV, Fasola G, Aprile G. HER-2 inhibition in gastric and colorectal cancers: tangible achievements, novel acquisitions and future perspectives. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69060-69074. [PMID: 27542243 PMCID: PMC5356612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HER-2 (ErbB-2, c-erbB2 or Her2/neu), a member of the HER-family, is directly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of several human cancers; as such, it is also often considered as a poor prognostic factor. Following the revolutionary impact of anti-HER-2 therapy in breast cancer patients, the role of HER-2 and its blockade has also been extensively evaluated in other tumor types, including gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aims of this review are to recall the important results achieved with the use of HER-2 inhibitors in both gastric and colorectal cancer, and to discuss on the updates available on the role of HER-2 as prognostic and predictive factor in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fanotto
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Ongaro
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Karim Rihawi
- Department of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Oncology, National CancerInstitute “Giovanni Paolo II”-IRCSS, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Vasile
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosati
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuliani
- Department of Oncology, National CancerInstitute “Giovanni Paolo II”-IRCSS, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianpiero Fasola
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
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Wu SW, Ma CC, Li WH. Does overexpression of HER-2 correlate with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in colorectal cancer? Evidence from a meta-analysis. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:144. [PMID: 26276145 PMCID: PMC4537540 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have been inconsistent with respect to the reported associations between human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2/neu) overexpression in colorectal cancer. The aims of this meta-analysis are to assess its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Methods Eligible studies were searched in Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were studies that assessed the relationship between HER-2 expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the prognosis or clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Subgroup analysis according to sex, tumor location, TNM stage, grade of differentiation and lymph node metastasis were produced. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated to examine the risk or hazard association, and heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also performed. Results A total of 18 studies comprising 2867 colorectal cancer patients were included to assess the association between HER-2 immunohistochemical expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival. The overall analysis showed that there was no detectable relation between HER-2 expression and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with the pooled HR of 1.08 (95 % CI: 0.96–1.21, P = 0.21). With respect to clinicopathological features, there was also no detectable relation between HER-2 expression and sex (OR = 0.91, 95 % CI: 0.72–1.15, P = 0.42), tumor location (OR = 1.21, 95 % CI = 0.88–1.65, P = 0.24), grade of differentiation (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI = 0.72–1.47, P = 0.86), TNM stages (OR = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.31–1.66, P = 0.44), or lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.90, 95 % CI = 0.90–4.02, P = 0.09) in CRC. Conclusions The finding from this present meta-analysis suggested that HER-2 overexpression was not related to clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognostic of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-wen Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jianhu People's Hospital, Jianhu, 224700, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong-chao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jianhu Hospital of Nantong University, Jianhu People's Hospital, Jianhu, 224700, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-hui Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Dias AIBDS, Fachin CG, Avó LRS, Frazão CVG, Caran EMM, Schettini ST, Alves MTS, Ribeiro RC, Abib SDCV. Correlation between selected angiogenic markers and prognosis in pediatric adrenocortical tumors: Angiogenic markers and prognosis in pediatric ACTs. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:1323-8. [PMID: 25783314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Pediatric adrenocortical tumor (ACT) remains a challenging disease. Tumor weight and disease stage are still the most used indicators to prognosis and guidance of clinical decisions. Histology has not added meaningful data for risk stratification and management. ACT is metabolically active, highly vascularized, locally invasive and has the propensity to produce distant metastasis. Our objective was to correlate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) with clinical and prognostic aspects in pediatric ACT. PROCEDURE In 27 tumors, immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, CD105 (endoglin) and CD34 was analyzed. MVD was determined by CD34 and CD105 antibodies. MVD and VEGF expression was correlated with clinical characteristics and outcome. Normal pediatric glands were used as controls. RESULTS Endoglin MVD was significantly higher and CD34 MVD was significantly lower in ACT than control. The VEGF expression did not differ between groups. Cytoplasmic staining for endoglin was correlated with hypertension in ACT. Endoglin MVD greater than 1 mv/field, CD34 MVD less than 32 mv/field and VEGF expression levels above 4.8% were associated with clinical and biological indicators of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Endoglin and CD34 MVD values are potential histological markers to refine the histologic classification of pediatric ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ivan Bradley dos Santos Dias
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Coronel Lisboa, 687, São Paulo-SP, 04020-041, Brasil.
| | - Camila Girardi Fachin
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Coronel Lisboa, 687, São Paulo-SP, 04020-041, Brasil
| | - Lucimar Retto Silva Avó
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo-SP, 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Caio Vinicius Gonçalves Frazão
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Coronel Lisboa, 687, São Paulo-SP, 04020-041, Brasil
| | - Eliana Maria Monteiro Caran
- Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Botucatu, 743, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Tomaz Schettini
- Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Coronel Lisboa, 687, São Paulo-SP, 04020-041, Brasil
| | - Maria Teresa Seixas Alves
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo-SP, 04023-062, Brasil
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678
| | - Simone de Campos Vieira Abib
- Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/ Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, Rua Botucatu, 743, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brasil
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Li C, Liu DR, Ye LY, Huang LN, Jaiswal S, Li XW, Wang HH, Chen L. HER-2 overexpression and survival in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:582-9. [PMID: 24903996 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies examining the relationship between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have yielded controversial results. We therefore performed a meta-analysis more precisely to estimate its prognostic value. METHODS Published studies investigating the effect of HER-2 overexpression on CRC survival were identified; the hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled in terms of disease-specific or overall survival. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that HER-2 overexpression was negatively related to CRC survival (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.77-1.44). Subgroup analyses regarding test method and study quality also demonstrated little association between HER-2 overexpression and CRC survival (HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.50-1.29; HR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.43-1.37, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of several limitations, our study suggested that HER-2 overexpression probably had little impact on CRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Tu J, Yu Y, Liu W, Chen S. Significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:17-24. [PMID: 25452770 PMCID: PMC4247305 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protein expression level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and assess the association with clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, the current study observed the consistency between the levels of HER-2 protein expression determined by IHC and HER-2 gene amplification determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the CRC samples. Overexpression of HER-2 and gene amplification were examined with semiquantitative standardized IHC in 878 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC samples, while 102 of these cases were analyzed with FISH. A total of 102 cases (11.6%), out of the 878 cases, were determined by IHC to overexpress HER-2. Of these, 25 cases were strongly positive (IHC3+), while 77 cases revealed moderate staining (IHC2+). HER-2 overexpression was more frequent in early-stage cases compared with advanced-stage cases of CRC (P<0.001). However, there was no association observed between HER-2 overexpression and clinicopathological parameters. FISH analysis revealed that 64% (16/25) of the IHC3+ cases had HER-2 gene amplification. By contrast, only 6.5% (5/77) of the IHC2+ cases, and none of the 20 randomly selected IHC0 or 1+ cases, demonstrated HER-2 gene amplification. Furthermore, no associations were observed between HER-2 overexpression or gene amplification with the survival time. Thus, the present study observed that HER-2 overexpression does not correlate with other clinicopathological data or the survival rate, with the exception of clinical stages. However, IHC3+ and 2+ cases should be further analyzed by FISH to assess the status of the HER-2 gene in CRC. Patients with HER-2 gene amplification may constitute as potential candidates for targeted therapy with trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, Dongfang Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dongfang Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dongfang Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shunping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Dongfang Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Gene expression differences in primary colorectal tumors and matched liver metastases: chemotherapy related or tumoral heterogeneity? Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:322-9. [PMID: 25301403 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is generally based on genetic testing performed in primary tumor biopsies, but whether the genomic status of primary tumors is identical to that of metastases is not well known. We compared the gene expression profiles of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies of colorectal primary tumors and matched liver metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the expression of 18 genes in FFPE CRC tumors and their matched liver metastases from 32 patients. The expression of each gene in CRC primary tumors and their matched liver metastases was tested using Student's t test for paired samples. Pairwise correlations of each gene in the primary tumors and matched liver metastases were evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The expression of six genes was significantly different in primary tumors compared with their matched liver metastases [CXCR4 (p < 0.001), THBS1 (p = 0.007), MMP 9 (p = 0.048), GST Pi (p = 0.050), TYMP (p = 0.042) and DPYD (p < 0.001)]. For the remaining genes, where no significant differences were observed, only SMAD4 (r s = 0.447, p = 0.010), ERCC1 (r s = 0.423, p = 0.016) and VEGF A (r s = 0.453, p = 0.009) showed significant correlation in expression between the two tissues. Therefore, we only detected similar gene expression levels between the tumor and the metastases in these three markers. CONCLUSIONS We only found similar gene expression levels between the tumor and the metastases in three genes (SMAD4, ERCC1, and VEGF A). However, our study could not assess whether the differences in gene expression were secondary to tumoral heterogeneity or to molecular changes induced by previous chemotherapy.
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Wu SW, Ma CC, Yang Y. The prognostic value of HER-2/neu overexpression in colorectal cancer: evidence from 16 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10799-804. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Can vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density be used as prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:102736. [PMID: 25143961 PMCID: PMC3985294 DOI: 10.1155/2014/102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) are associated with greater incidence of metastases and decreased survival. Whether they can be used as prognostic indicators of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still controversial. Methods. The authors performed a meta-analysis using the results of a literature search of databases of PubMed and EMBASE, and the references of articles included in the analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect measures. Results. Twenty studies contributed to the analysis of VEGF, of which 16 were used for overall survival (OS) and 9 for disease-free survival (DFS). High VEGF levels has a relationship with unfavorable survival (OS: HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.30–3.02; DFS: HR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.26–3.49) and a 4.22-fold increase in the rate of distant metastases. Analysis was performed on 18 studies for MVD; the results showed that patients with high MVD expression in tumors appeared to have poorer overall survival (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22–1.58) and were at a greater risk of having unfavorable clinical characteristics related to prognosis. Corresponding results were obtained from quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of clinicopathological. Conclusions. The meta-analysis demonstrates that VEGF and MVD can be used as prognostic biomarkers for CRC patients.
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Shimomura M, Hinoi T, Kuroda S, Adachi T, Kawaguchi Y, Sasada T, Takakura Y, Egi H, Okajima M, Tashiro H, Nishizaka T, Ohdan H. Overexpression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Alpha is an Independent Risk Factor for Recurrence After Curative Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20 Suppl 3:S527-36. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-2945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Slesser AAP, Georgiou P, Brown G, Mudan S, Goldin R, Tekkis P. The tumour biology of synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012. [PMID: 23180209 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forty to fifty percent of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop colorectal liver metastases (CLM) that are either synchronous or metachronous in presentation. Clarifying whether there is a biological difference between the two groups of liver metastases or their primaries could have important clinical implications. A systematic review was performed using the following resources: MEDLINE from PubMed (1950 to present), Embase, Cochrane and the Web of Knowledge. Thirty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The review demonstrated that the majority of studies found differences in molecular marker expression between colorectal liver metastases and their respective primaries in both the synchronous and metachronous groups. Studies investigating genetic aberrations demonstrated that the majority of changes in the primary tumour were 'maintained' in the colorectal liver metastases. A limited number of studies compared the primary tumours of the synchronous and metachronous groups and generally demonstrated no differences in marker expression. Although there were conflicting results, the colorectal liver metastases in the synchronous and metachronous groups demonstrated some differences in keeping with a more aggressive tumour subtype in the synchronous group. This review suggests that biological differences may exist between the liver metastases of the synchronous and metachronous groups. Whether there are biological differences between the primaries of the synchronous and metachronous groups remains undetermined due to the limited number of studies available. Future research is required to determine whether differences exist between the two groups and should include comparisons of the primary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A P Slesser
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, UK.
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