1
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Iida T, Sato R, Yoshigoe Y, Kanbara T, Kuwabara J. Mechanistic study on the reductive elimination of (aryl)(fluoroaryl)palladium complexes: a key step in regiospecific dehydrogenative cross-coupling. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38958099 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01453g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions have attracted attention as short-step synthetic methods for C-C bond formation. Recently, we have developed CDC reactions between naphthalene and fluorobenzene. Rather than exhibiting general regioselectivity, this reaction proceeds selectively at the β-position of naphthalene. In this study, investigation using model complexes as reaction intermediates revealed that the origin of the unique selectivity is the exclusive occurrence of reductive elimination at the β-position. Detailed studies on the reductive elimination showed that the steric hindrance of the naphthyl group and the electron-withdrawing properties of fluorobenzene determine the position at which the reductive elimination reaction proceeds. These results show that the selectivity of the C-H functionalisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is determined not by the C-H cleavage step, but by the subsequent reductive elimination step. The regioselective CDC reaction was adaptable to various PAHs but was less selective for pyrene with extended π-conjugation. In fluorobenzene substrates, the F atoms at the two ortho positions of the C-H moiety are necessary for high selectivity. The substrate ranges are in good agreement with the proposed mechanism, in which the reductive elimination step determines the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iida
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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2
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Lin Y, Shi H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of (Trialkylsilyl)arenes to Electrophiles via π-Coordination-Driven C-Si Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22753-22761. [PMID: 37787751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic organosilicon compounds serve as valuable synthons due to their diverse reactivities, excellent compatibility with various functional groups, and ready availability. However, (trialkylsilyl)arenes, despite their potential utility, are generally considered unsuitable substrates for transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling due to the low polarity of their covalent C(aryl)-Si bonds and the significant steric hindrance imposed by alkyl substituents. These factors render them inert toward reactions with transition metals, such as transmetalation and oxidative addition. In this study, we present a method for the rhodium-catalyzed addition of (trialkylsilyl)arenes to electrophiles via π-coordination-driven desilylation. We propose that a dicationic rhodium species activates the unbiased C(aryl)-Si bond, increasing its polarity by forming an η6-arene complex, thereby facilitating heterolysis. The resulting phenyl anion complex readily engages in addition reactions with external electrophiles, effectively forming C-C bonds. Through comprehensive computational studies, we have unraveled an unexpected stepwise pathway for desilylation with fluoride. This pathway involves the addition of fluoride to the aromatic ring, followed by a 1,2-migration of fluoride, ultimately culminating in the departure of fluorotrimethylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Čorić I, Dhankhar J. Introduction to Spatial Anion Control for Direct C–H Arylation. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC–H activation of functionally rich molecules without the need for directing groups promises shorter organic syntheses and late-stage diversification of molecules for drug discovery. We highlight recent examples of palladium-catalyzed nondirected functionalization of C–H bonds in arenes as limiting substrates with a focus on the development of the concept of spatial anion control for direct C–H arylation.1 C–H Activation and the CMD Mechanism2 Nondirected C–H Functionalizations of Arenes as Limiting Substrates3 Nondirected C–H Arylation4 Spatial Anion Control for Direct C–H Arylation5 Coordination Chemistry with Spatial Anion Control6 Conclusion
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4
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Camats M, Favier I, Mallet-Ladeira S, Pla D, Gómez M. Understanding Cu(II)-based systems for C(sp 3)-H bond functionalization: insights into the synthesis of aza-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:219-227. [PMID: 34878447 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine heterocycles via a Cu(II)-mediated functionalization of α'-C(sp3)-H bonds of pyridinylaldimines and subsequent cyclization. This strategy exploits the inherent directing ability of heteroleptic aldimine and pyridine groups in the substrate yielding the C-H functionalization of α'-methylene groups in a regioselective fashion over distant methyl or methylene groups in β or γ positions. The observed correlation between the nature of the anionic ligands (halide vs. carboxylate) bonded to copper and the chemoselectivity of the C(sp3)-H activation process points to a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway prior to cyclization to furnish the corresponding imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivative. This copper-mediated C(sp3)-H bond functionalization reaction works for a variety of substrates incorporating linear alkyl chains (from 3 to 12 carbon atoms), and good functional group tolerance (aryl, ether and ester groups). Cu-Catalyzed C(sp2)-H cyanation on the imidazole ring can then take place selectively under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Camats
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Isabelle Favier
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, CNRS UAR 2599, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
| | - Daniel Pla
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Montserrat Gómez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
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5
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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6
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Minami Y, Hiyama T. Cross-coupling Reaction based on the Transformation of Trialkylsilyl Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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7
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Zhao K, Du Y, Peng Q, Yu WH, Wang BQ, Feng C, Xiang SK. Regiodivergent C-H Arylation of Triphenylene Derivatives Controlled by Electronic Effects of Diaryliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2986-2997. [PMID: 33481590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A regiodivergent C-H arylation of triphenylene derivatives with diaryliodonium salts was developed. The regiodivergence was controlled by electronic effects of diaryliodonium salts. When the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing strong electron-donating groups at the para-position of aryl groups were used, the arylation reactions occurred ortho to amide groups. However, if the aryl(mesityl)iodonium salts bearing electron-withdrawing groups or weak electron-donating groups at the para-position of aryl groups were utilized, the arylation reactions occurred meta to amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yu Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Qiong Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Chun Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Shi-Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
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8
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Dhankhar J, González-Fernández E, Dong CC, Mukhopadhyay TK, Linden A, Čorić I. Spatial Anion Control on Palladium for Mild C-H Arylation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19040-19046. [PMID: 33125849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-H arylation of arenes without the use of directing groups is a challenge, even for simple molecules, such as benzene. We describe spatial anion control as a concept for the design of catalytic sites for C-H bond activation, thereby enabling nondirected C-H arylation of arenes at ambient temperature. The mild conditions enable late-stage structural diversification of biologically relevant small molecules, and site-selectivity complementary to that obtained with other methods of arene functionalization can be achieved. These results reveal the potential of spatial anion control in transition-metal catalysis for the functionalization of C-H bonds under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dhankhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa González-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chao-Chen Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tufan K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilija Čorić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Ito H, Matsuoka W, Yano Y, Shibata M, Itami K. Annulative π-Extension (APEX) Reactions for Precise Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
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10
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Fricke C, Dahiya A, Reid WB, Schoenebeck F. Gold-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization with Aryl Germanes. ACS Catal 2019; 9:9231-9236. [PMID: 31608162 PMCID: PMC6781487 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of orthogonal Csp2 -Csp2 coupling regimes to the omnipresent Pd-catalysis class would enable an additional dimension of modularity in the construction of densely functionalized biaryl motifs. In this context, the identification of potent functional groups for selective transformations is in high demand. Although organogermanium compounds are generally believed to be of low reactivity in homogenous catalysis, this report discloses the highly efficient and orthogonal reactivity of aryl germanes with arenes under gold catalysis. The method is characterized by mildness, the employment of an air- and moisture-stable gold catalyst, and robustness. Our mechanistic studies show that aryl germanes are highly reactive with Au(I) and Au(III). Our computational data suggest that the origin of this reactivity primarily lies in the relatively low bond dissociation energy and as such low distortion energy to reach the key bond activating transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - William B. Reid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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11
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Murugesan V, Balakrishnan V, Rasappan R. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of carbamates with silylmagnesium reagents. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Ghaderi A, Iwasaki T, Kambe N. Pivalic Acid‐Assisted Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of 2‐Arylpyridine Derivatives Using Arylsilanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ghaderi
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesUniversity of Hormozgan Bandar Abbas 71961 Iran
| | - Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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13
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Cross-coupling Reaction of Aryl(triethyl)silanes with Aryl Chlorides: An Easy Access to Oligothiophenes. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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14
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Ito H, Segawa Y, Murakami K, Itami K. Polycyclic Arene Synthesis by Annulative π-Extension. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:3-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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15
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Minami Y, Hiyama T. Designing Cross-Coupling Reactions using Aryl(trialkyl)silanes. Chemistry 2018; 25:391-399. [PMID: 30024650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organo(trialkyl)silanes have several advantages, including high stability, low toxicity, good solubility, easy handling, and ready availability compared with heteroatom-substituted silanes. However, methods for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes are limited, most probably because of their exceeding robustness. Thus, a practical method for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes has been a long-standing challenging research target. This article discusses how aryl(trialkyl)silanes can be used in cross-coupling reactions. A pioneering example is CuII catalytic conditions with the use of electron-accepting aryl- or heteroaryl(triethyl)silanes and aryl iodides. The reaction forms biaryls or teraryls. This design concept can be extended to Pd/CuII -catalyzed cross-coupling polymerization reactions between such silanes and aryl bromides or chlorides and to CuI -catalyzed alkylation using alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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16
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Kitano H, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Annulative π-extension of indoles and pyrroles with diiodobiaryls by Pd catalysis: rapid synthesis of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7556-7561. [PMID: 30319756 PMCID: PMC6180308 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed one-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reaction of indoles and pyrroles that allows rapid access to nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds is described. In the presence of palladium pivalate and silver carbonate, diverse indoles or pyrroles coupled with diiodobiaryls in a double direct C-H arylation manner to be transformed into the corresponding π-extended compounds in a single step. The newly developed catalytic system enables the use of various pyrroles and indoles as templates with a series of diiodobiaryls to provide structurally complicated and largely π-extended nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds that are otherwise difficult to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitano
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ;
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
- JST-ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ;
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17
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Wedi P, van Gemmeren M. Die Aren‐limitierte nicht‐dirigierte C‐H‐Aktivierung von Aromaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wedi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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18
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Wedi P, van Gemmeren M. Arene-Limited Nondirected C-H Activation of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13016-13027. [PMID: 29985551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The nondirected C(sp2 )-H activation of simple arenes has advanced significantly in recent years through the discovery of new catalyst systems that are able to perform transformations with the arene as the limiting reagent. Important developments in catalyst and ligand design that have improved reactivity and selectivity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wedi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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19
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Shibata M, Ito H, Itami K. C–H Arylation of Phenanthrene with Trimethylphenylsilane by Pd/o-Chloranil Catalysis: Computational Studies on the Mechanism, Regioselectivity, and Role of o-Chloranil. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2196-2205. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Shibata
- Graduate School of Science, ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project and §Institute of Transformative
Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project and §Institute of Transformative
Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project and §Institute of Transformative
Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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20
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Furuya Y, Hiyama T. Palladium/Copper Dual Catalysis for the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl(trialkyl)silanes with Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yuki Furuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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21
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Furuya Y, Hiyama T. Palladium/Copper Dual Catalysis for the Cross‐Coupling of Aryl(trialkyl)silanes with Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1987-1990. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yuki Furuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1-13-27, Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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22
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Choy PY, Wong SM, Kapdi A, Kwong FY. Recent developments in palladium-catalysed non-directed coupling of (hetero)arene C–H bonds with C–Z (Z = B, Si, Sn, S, N, C, H) bonds in bi(hetero)aryl synthesis. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00693d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review article describes the palladium-catalysed non-directed coupling of (hetero)arene C–H bonds with C(Ar)–Z (Z = B, Si, Sn, S, N, C, H) bonds for facile bi(hetero)aryl synthesis in the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Choy
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
| | - Shun Man Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
| | - Anant Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- Hong Kong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
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23
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Shibata M, Ito H, Itami K. Oxidative Homocoupling Reaction of Aryltrimethylsilanes by Pd/o-Chloranil Catalysis. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Shibata
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602
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24
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Annulative π-Extension (APEX): Rapid Access to Fused Arenes, Heteroarenes, and Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11144-11164. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Ito H, Ozaki K, Itami K. Die anellierende Erweiterung von π-Systemen (APEX-Reaktion): ein rascher Zugang zu kondensierten Arenen, Heteroarenen und Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kyohei Ozaki
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and; JST-ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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26
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Synthetic Transformations of Organosilicon Reagents. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research
and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research
and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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27
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15787-15791. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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28
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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29
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Zhao S, Liu B, Zhan BB, Zhang WD, Shi BF. Nickel-Catalyzed Ortho-Arylation of Unactivated (Hetero)aryl C–H Bonds with Arylsilanes Using a Removable Auxiliary. Org Lett 2016; 18:4586-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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30
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Hua Y, Asgari P, Avullala T, Jeon J. Catalytic Reductive ortho-C-H Silylation of Phenols with Traceless, Versatile Acetal Directing Groups and Synthetic Applications of Dioxasilines. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7982-91. [PMID: 27265033 PMCID: PMC5103641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new, highly selective, bond functionalization strategy, achieved via relay of two transition metal catalysts and the use of traceless acetal directing groups, has been employed to provide facile formation of C-Si bonds and concomitant functionalization of a silicon group in a single vessel. Specifically, this approach involves the relay of Ir-catalyzed hydrosilylation of inexpensive and readily available phenyl acetates, exploiting disubstituted silyl synthons to afford silyl acetals and Rh-catalyzed ortho-C-H silylation to provide dioxasilines. A subsequent nucleophilic addition to silicon removes the acetal directing groups and directly provides unmasked phenol products and, thus, useful functional groups at silicon achieved in a single vessel. This traceless acetal directing group strategy for catalytic ortho-C-H silylation of phenols was also successfully applied to preparation of multisubstituted arenes. Remarkably, a new formal α-chloroacetyl directing group has been developed that allows catalytic reductive C-H silylation of sterically hindered phenols. In particular, this new method permits access to highly versatile and nicely differentiated 1,2,3-trisubstituted arenes that are difficult to access by other catalytic routes. In addition, the resulting dioxasilines can serve as chromatographically stable halosilane equivalents, which allow not only removal of acetal directing groups but also introduce useful functional groups leading to silicon-bridged biaryls. We demonstrated that this catalytic C-H bond silylation strategy has powerful synthetic potential by creating direct applications of dioxasilines to other important transformations, examples of which include aryne chemistry, Au-catalyzed direct arylation, sequential orthogonal cross-couplings, and late-stage silylation of phenolic bioactive molecules and BINOL scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thirupataiah Avullala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Junha Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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31
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Mistico L, Querolle O, Meerpoel L, Angibaud P, Durandetti M, Maddaluno J. Access to Silylated Pyrazole Derivatives by Palladium-Catalyzed C−H Activation of a TMS group. Chemistry 2016; 22:9687-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mistico
- Laboratoire COBRA, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ. Rouen; INSA Rouen; 76821 Mt St Aignan Cedex France
| | - Olivier Querolle
- Janssen Research & Development; Division of Janssen-Cilag, Chaussée du Vexin, BP615; 27106 Val de Reuil France
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Research & Development; Division of Janssen-Cilag, Chaussée du Vexin, BP615; 27106 Val de Reuil France
| | - Patrick Angibaud
- Janssen Research & Development; Division of Janssen-Cilag, Chaussée du Vexin, BP615; 27106 Val de Reuil France
| | - Muriel Durandetti
- Laboratoire COBRA, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ. Rouen; INSA Rouen; 76821 Mt St Aignan Cedex France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Laboratoire COBRA, CNRS UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ. Rouen; INSA Rouen; 76821 Mt St Aignan Cedex France
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32
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Lee KS, Katsoulis D, Choi J. Intermolecular C–H Silylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes with HSiEt3 under Operationally Diverse Conditions: Neat/Stoichiometric and Acceptor/Acceptorless. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-sang Lee
- Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 West Salzburg Road, Auburn, Michigan 48611, United States
| | - Dimitris Katsoulis
- Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 West Salzburg Road, Auburn, Michigan 48611, United States
| | - Jongwook Choi
- Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 West Salzburg Road, Auburn, Michigan 48611, United States
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33
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Gondo K, Oyamada J, Kitamura T. Palladium-Catalyzed Desilylative Acyloxylation of Silicon-Carbon Bonds on (Trimethylsilyl)arenes: Synthesis of Phenol Derivatives from Trimethylsilylarenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:4778-81. [PMID: 26401835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for desilylative acetoxylation of (trimethylsilyl)arenes has been developed in which (trimethylsilyl)arenes are converted into acetoxyarenes. The direct acetoxylation is performed in the presence of 5 mol % of Pd(OAc)2 and PhI(OCOCF3)2 (1.5 equiv) in AcOH at 80 °C for 17 h. The acetoxyarenes are obtained in good to high yields (67-98%). The synthetic utility is demonstrated with a one-pot transformation of (trimethylsilyl)arenes to phenols by successive acetoxylation and hydrolysis. Furthermore, desilylative acyloxylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)naphthalene using several carboxylic acids has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Gondo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University , Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Juzo Oyamada
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University , Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tsugio Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University , Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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34
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Xia Z, Hu J, Shen Z, Wan X, Yao Q, Lai Y, Gao JM, Xie W. Enantioselective Bromo-oxycyclization of Silanol. Org Lett 2015; 18:80-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Xia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiadong Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhigao Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaolong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qizheng Yao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiqing Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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35
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He J, Takise R, Fu H, Yu JQ. Ligand-enabled cross-coupling of C(sp(3))-H bonds with arylsilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4618-21. [PMID: 25822198 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling of C(sp(3))-H bonds with organosilicon coupling partners has been achieved for the first time. The use of a newly developed quinoline-based ligand is essential for the cross-coupling reactions to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryosuke Takise
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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36
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Collins KD, Honeker R, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Tang DTD, Glorius F. C-H arylation of triphenylene, naphthalene and related arenes using Pd/C. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1816-1824. [PMID: 29308135 PMCID: PMC5649329 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly selective arylation of a number of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with aryliodonium salts and Pd/C as the only reagent is reported. The first C-H functionalization of triphenylene is explored, and proceeds at the most sterically hindered position. This non-chelate assisted C-H functionalization extends the reactivity profile of Pd/C and provides controlled access to π-extended PAHs, an important aspect of work towards the preparation of nanographenes. Mechanistic studies suggest in situ formation of catalytically active insoluble nanoparticles, and that the reaction likely proceeds via a Pd(0)/Pd(ii) type reaction manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Collins
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Roman Honeker
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Dan-Tam D Tang
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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37
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Ozaki K, Kawasumi K, Shibata M, Ito H, Itami K. One-shot K-region-selective annulative π-extension for nanographene synthesis and functionalization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6251. [PMID: 25683787 PMCID: PMC4339889 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic nature of two-dimensional sheets of sp2-hydridized carbons (for example, graphenes and nanographenes) can be dramatically altered and tuned by altering the degree of π-extension, shape, width and edge topology. Among various approaches to synthesize nanographenes with atom-by-atom precision, one-shot annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons hold significant potential not only to achieve a ‘growth from template’ synthesis of nanographenes, but also to fine-tune the properties of nanographenes. Here we describe one-shot APEX reactions that occur at the K-region (convex armchair edge) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the Pd(CH3CN)4(SbF6)2/o-chloranil catalytic system with silicon-bridged aromatics as π-extending agents. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the complete K-region selectivity stems from the olefinic (decreased aromatic) character of the K-region. The protocol is applicable to multiple APEX and sequential APEX reactions, to construct various nanographene structures in a rapid and programmable manner. Bottom-up synthesis of nanographenes is highly desirable. Here, the authors report one-shot annulative π-extension reactions that occur at the convex armchair edge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and show that unfunctionalized precursors can be used for π-component assembly and extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Ozaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Kawasumi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mari Shibata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- 1] Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan [2] JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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38
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Segawa Y, Maekawa T, Itami K. Synthese von Materialien mit erweitertem π‐System durch C‐H‐Aktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST‐ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Takehisa Maekawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST‐ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
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39
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Segawa Y, Maekawa T, Itami K. Synthesis of Extended π‐Systems through C–H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:66-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Segawa
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Takehisa Maekawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan) http://synth.chem.nagoya‐u.ac.jp
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464‐8602 (Japan)
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40
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Fan H, Shang Y, Su W. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes with Organosilicon Reagents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ball LT, Lloyd-Jones GC, Russell CA. Gold-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arylsilanes and arenes: origin of selectivity and improved precatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:254-64. [PMID: 24367895 DOI: 10.1021/ja408712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of gold-catalyzed coupling of arenes with aryltrimethylsilanes has been investigated, employing an improved precatalyst (thtAuBr3) to facilitate kinetic analysis. In combination with linear free-energy relationships, kinetic isotope effects, and stoichiometric experiments, the data support a mechanism involving an Au(I)/Au(III) redox cycle in which sequential electrophilic aromatic substitution of the arylsilane and the arene by Au(III) precedes product-forming reductive elimination and subsequent cycle-closing reoxidation of the metal. Despite the fundamental mechanistic similarities between the two auration events, high selectivity is observed for heterocoupling (C-Si then C-H auration) over homocoupling of either the arylsilane or the arene (C-Si then C-Si, or C-H then C-H auration); this chemoselectivity originates from differences in the product-determining elementary steps of each electrophilic substitution. The turnover-limiting step of the reaction involves associative substitution en route to an arene π-complex. The ramifications of this insight for implementation of the methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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Wagner AM, Hickman AJ, Sanford MS. Platinum-catalyzed C-H arylation of simple arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15710-3. [PMID: 24125480 DOI: 10.1021/ja408112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the Na2PtCl4 catalyzed C-H arylation of arene substrates with diaryliodonium salts. The site selectivity of these reactions is predominantly controlled by steric factors. Remarkably, Na2PtCl4-catalyzed naphthalene arylation proceeds with opposite site selectivity compared to that obtained with Na2PdCl4 as the catalyst. Preliminary mechanistic studies provide evidence for a Pt(II)/Pt(IV) catalytic cycle involving rate-limiting C-C bond-forming reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Wagner
- University of Michigan , Department of Chemistry, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019, United States
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Lei X, Obregon KA, Alla J. Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl chlorides catalyzed by a new nickel(II) σ-aryl complex. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Lamar University; Beaumont TX 77710 USA
| | - Karla A. Obregon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Lamar University; Beaumont TX 77710 USA
| | - Jhansi Alla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Lamar University; Beaumont TX 77710 USA
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Kawasumi K, Mochida K, Segawa Y, Itami K. Palladium-catalyzed direct phenylation of perylene: structural and optical properties of 3,4,9-triphenylperylene and 3,4,9,10-tetraphenylperylene. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Tokuji S, Tanaka T, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Direct Arylation of Porphyrins with π-Extended Aryl Bromides under Ligand-free Fagnou-Hartwig Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Funaki K, Sato T, Oi S. Pd-Catalyzed β-Selective Direct C–H Bond Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryltrimethylsilanes. Org Lett 2012; 14:6186-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3029109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Funaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Environment Conservation Research Institute, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Environment Conservation Research Institute, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shuichi Oi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Environment Conservation Research Institute, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Abstract
Biaryls (two directly connected aromatic rings, Ar(1)-Ar(2)) are common motifs in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. Current methods for establishing the Ar(1)-Ar(2) bond are dominated by the cross-coupling of aryl halides (Ar(1)-X) with aryl metallics (Ar(2)-M). We report that, in the presence of 1 to 2 mole percent of a gold catalyst and a mild oxidant, a wide range of arenes (Ar(1)-H) undergo site-selective arylation by arylsilanes (Ar(2)-SiMe(3)) to generate biaryls (Ar(1)-Ar(2)), with little or no homocoupling (Ar(1)-Ar(1)/Ar(2)-Ar(2)). Catalysis proceeds at room temperature and tolerates a broad range of functional groups, including those incompatible with cross-coupling. These features expedite biaryl preparation, as demonstrated by synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory diflunisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam T Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK
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Kuhl N, Hopkinson MN, Wencel-Delord J, Glorius F. Ohne dirigierende Gruppen: übergangsmetallkatalysierte C-H-Aktivierung einfacher Arene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kuhl N, Hopkinson MN, Wencel-Delord J, Glorius F. Beyond Directing Groups: Transition-Metal-Catalyzed CH Activation of Simple Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10236-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kawasumi K, Mochida K, Kajino T, Segawa Y, Itami K. Pd(OAc)2/o-chloranil/M(OTf)n: a catalyst for the direct C-H arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with boryl-, silyl-, and unfunctionalized arenes. Org Lett 2011; 14:418-21. [PMID: 22188556 DOI: 10.1021/ol203235w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pd(OAc)(2)/o-chloranil/M(OTf)(n) can effectively promote the C-H arylation of fluoranthene with arylboron compounds or arylsilanes. The reaction takes place with high regioselectivity at the C3 position of fluoranthene. Moreover, the new catalytic system allows the use of unfunctionalized arenes as coupling partners in the arylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Kawasumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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