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Proteins and polysaccharides from vegetative mycelium of medicinal basidiomycete Lentinus edodes display cytotoxicity towards human and animal cancer cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:398-411. [PMID: 34921890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Detection and study of biologically active compounds seems a promising area of research in cancer diagnostics and therapies. The glycoprotein and polysaccharide fractions showing high cytotoxicity towards several human and animal cancer cell lines: A549, Hep-2, HeLa, С6 and SPEV-2 were isolated from basidiomycete Lentinus edodes vegetative mycelium and fruiting body and further characterized. It was found that water-soluble glycoprotein fractions caused the most significant, 70-100% inhibition of metabolic activity of SPЕV-2, А549 and С6 cell lines. The effective concentrations of glycoprotein fractions reducing the viability of cancer cell lines were determined. The protein and subunit composition of fractions was studied; the highly active galactose-specific lectins were found to be present in these fractions. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes of L. edodes vegetative mycelium, fruiting body and primordium revealed the presence of carbohydrate-binding glycoproteins (lectins) specific for each stage of basidiomycete morphogenesis. Histological examination revealed some morphological indicators of immune system activation and the absence of toxic effect on gastro-intestinal mucosa of animals at peroral administration of fungal glycoprotein fractions. Fungal protein and, in particular, lectin preparations derived from L. еdodes vegetative mycelium might be considered as novel prospective tools in cancer diagnostics and therapies.
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A Comparative Study of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Centella asiatica Extract (CA-HE50) on Lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Injury in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114090. [PMID: 34836346 PMCID: PMC8623393 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) refers to the sudden loss of liver function and is accompanied by several complications. In a previous study, we revealed the protective effect of Centella asiatica 50% ethanol extract (CA-HE50) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In the present study, we investigate the hepatoprotective effect of CA-HE50 in a lipopolysaccharide/galactosamine (LPS-D-Gal)-induced ALF animal model and compare it to existing therapeutic silymarin, Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) extracts, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were decreased in the CA-HE50, silymarin, LEM, UDCA and DDB groups compared to the vehicle control group. In particular, AST and ALT levels of the 200 mg/kg CA-HE50 group were significantly decreased compared to positive control groups. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly decreased in the CA-HE50, silymarin, LEM, UDCA and DDB groups compared to the vehicle control group and LDH levels of the 200 mg/kg CA-HE50 group were similar to those of the positive control groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in the 100 mg/kg CA-HE50, LEM and UDCA groups compared to the vehicle control group and, in particular, the 100 mg/kg CA-HE50 group increased significantly compared to positive control groups. In addition, the histopathological lesion score was significantly decreased in the CA-HE50 and positive control groups compared with the vehicle control group and the histopathological lesion score of the 200 mg/kg CA-HE50 group was similar to that of the positive control groups. These results show that CA-HE50 has antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects at a level similar to that of silymarin, LEM, UDCA and DDB, which are known to have hepatoprotective effects; further, CA-HE50 has potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in ALF.
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Mohamed SH, Attia AI, Reda FM, Abd El-Hack ME, Ismail IE. Impacts of dietary supplementation of Boswellia serrata on growth, nutrients digestibility, immunity, antioxidant status, carcase traits and caecum microbiota of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1875336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salah H. Mohamed
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel I. Attia
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fayez M. Reda
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ismail E. Ismail
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Huamán-Leandro LR, González-Muñoz MJ, Fernández-de-Ana C, Rodríguez-Blanco A, Torres MD, Domínguez H. Autohydrolysis of Lentinus edodes for Obtaining Extracts with Antiradical Properties. Foods 2020; 9:E74. [PMID: 31936523 PMCID: PMC7022530 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autohydrolysis of Lentinus edodes was proposed for the extraction of components with antioxidant properties. Operation under non-isothermal conditions was evaluated and compared with isothermal heating. The influence of process severity was assessed in the range of 0.18 to 4.89 (temperature between 50 and 250 °C), up to 80% (d.b.) The influence of process severity during the autohydrolysis of Lentinus edodes was assessed in the range -0.3 to 4.89 (temperature between 50 and 250 °C). Up to 80% (d.b.) of the initial raw material could be solubilized at 210 °C. The different behavior of the saccharide and phenolic fractions was observed with the treatment temperature. Whereas the highest concentration of the saccharide components (mainly glucooligosaccharides) was found at 210 °C, the maximum phenolic yield was identified at 250 °C. The phenolic content and the antiradical properties of the extract showed a continuous increase with the temperature range studied, and at 250 °C, showed antiradical properties comparable to synthetic antioxidants. Autohydrolysis liquid fractions were used as solvents in the formulation of bioactive starch-based hydrogels, identifying a positive correlation between the gel softening and the extracts' bioactivity features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liceth Rocío Huamán-Leandro
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (L.R.H.-L.); (M.J.G.-M.); (H.D.)
| | - María Jesús González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (L.R.H.-L.); (M.J.G.-M.); (H.D.)
- CITI-Universidade de Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32901 Ourense, Spain
| | | | | | - María Dolores Torres
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (L.R.H.-L.); (M.J.G.-M.); (H.D.)
- CITI-Universidade de Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32901 Ourense, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Departamento de Enxeñería Química, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (L.R.H.-L.); (M.J.G.-M.); (H.D.)
- CITI-Universidade de Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32901 Ourense, Spain
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Ismail IE, Abdelnour SA, Shehata SA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Edel MA, Taha AE, Schiavitto M, Tufarelli V. Effect of Dietary Boswellia serrata Resin on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, and Cecal Microbiota of Growing Rabbits. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:471. [PMID: 31921925 PMCID: PMC6932990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the impact of dietary supplementation of Boswellia serrata (BS) (frankincense) resin on growth and carcass traits, blood hematology, serum metabolites and cecal microbiota of growing rabbits. One hundred New Zealand White (NZW) growing male rabbits (6-weeks old) were divided randomly into five groups using different levels of BS (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 g/kg diet, respectively). When compared to the control diet, daily body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits fed BS enriched-diets were improved, while feed intake was significantly decreased. A gradual depression (P < 0.01) in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were observed with increasing BS level the in diet. Total bacteria count, E. coli and salmonella populations were lower (P < 0.05) in rabbit groups fed diet enriched with BS than that of the control group. Based on these findings, the dietary supplementation of Boswellia serrata enhanced growth, feed efficiency, anti-oxidant status, and minimize cecal pathogenic bacteria in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail E Ismail
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sabry A Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A El-Edel
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rasheed, Egypt
| | - Michele Schiavitto
- Italian Rabbit Breeders Association (ANCI-AIA), Volturara Appula, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Laurino LF, Viroel FJM, Caetano E, Spim S, Pickler TB, Rosa-Castro RM, Vasconcelos EA, Jozala AF, Hataka A, Grotto D, Gerenutti M. Lentinus edodes Exposure before and after Fetus Implantation: Materno-Fetal Development in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112720. [PMID: 31717560 PMCID: PMC6893821 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of β-glucans and phenolic compounds in Lentinus edodes suggests this mushroom can be used as a nutritional supplement. Two gestational conditions (before and after fetus implantation) were evaluated, and Lentinus edodes exposure was performed in diabetes mellitus rat model induced by streptozotocin in pre-clinical tests. Methods: On the 20th day of pregnancy, cesarean sections were performed. Blood was collected for biochemical, hematologic parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Placenta and amniotic fluid were collected, and fetuses were analyzed through morphological evaluation. Results: The mushroom did not reduce the severe hyperglycemia of the mother-concept but promoted an increase in maternal insulin levels; reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and total cholesterol; protected the animals from post-implantation losses. Liver damage induced by streptozotocin was reversed in experimental groups. Conclusions: Lentinus edodes mushroom has antioxidant properties that can minimize the damage caused by gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia F. Laurino
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabia J. M. Viroel
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Erika Caetano
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Sara Spim
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Thaisa B. Pickler
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Raquel M. Rosa-Castro
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Edilma Albuquerque Vasconcelos
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Angela F. Jozala
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandre Hataka
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-15-21017104
| | - Marli Gerenutti
- University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba-SP 18023-000, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (F.J.M.V.); (E.C.); (S.S.); (T.B.P.); (R.M.R.-C.); (E.A.V.); (A.F.J.); (M.G.)
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Rathore H, Prasad S, Kapri M, Tiwari A, Sharma S. Medicinal importance of mushroom mycelium: Mechanisms and applications. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Papetti A, Signoretto C, Spratt DA, Pratten J, Lingström P, Zaura E, Ofek I, Wilson M, Pruzzo C, Gazzani G. Components in Lentinus edodes mushroom with anti-biofilm activity directed against bacteria involved in caries and gingivitis. Food Funct 2018; 9:3489-3499. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the compounds present in the low molecular mass fraction of Lentinus edodes mushroom (shiitake) extract and their anti-virulence activity against oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health
- section of Microbiology
- University of Verona
- 37134 Verona
- Italy
| | - David A. Spratt
- Department of Microbial Diseases
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- London
- UK
| | - Jonathan Pratten
- Department of Microbial Diseases
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- London
- UK
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology
- Institute of Odontology at Sahlgrenska Academy
- University of Gothenburg
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)
- University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- 1081 LA Amsterdam
- the Netherlands
| | - Itzhak Ofek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine
- Tel Aviv University 9778 Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Michael Wilson
- Department of Microbial Diseases
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- London
- UK
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Lignosulfonic acid attenuates NF-κB activation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ in Caco-2 cells. J Nat Med 2017; 72:448-455. [PMID: 29275476 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes mycelia solid culture extract (MSCE) is used as a medical food ingredient and provides beneficial effects to patients with cancer and chronic type C hepatitis. Low molecular weight lignin (LM-lignin), which is an active component of MSCE, exhibits hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of LM-lignin/lignosulfonic acid on intestinal barrier function. Lignosulfonic acid enhanced transepithelial membrane electrical resistance in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. In Caco-2 cells treated with lignosulfonic acid, expression of claudin-2, which forms high conductive cation pores in tight junctions (TJs), was decreased. Lignosulfonic acid also attenuated the barrier dysfunction that is caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in Caco-2 cells. TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced activation of NF-κB, such as translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus and induction of gene expression, was inhibited by lignosulfonic acid treatment. Furthermore, lignosulfonic acid decreased the TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that lignosulfonic acid not only enhances TJ barrier function but also restores TJ barrier integrity impaired by inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, lignosulfonic acid may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction observed in inflammatory bowel disease.
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The effect of Boswellia serrata resin diet supplementation on production, hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler chickens. Animal 2017; 11:1890-1898. [PMID: 28436338 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellia serrata resin (BSR), exhibiting a variety of therapeutic properties, is applied in Asian traditional medicine. These properties can be used in poultry production as well. Application of the resin as a phytobiotic in broiler chicken rearing can increase the productivity and improve meat quality. However, the optimum and maximum levels of BSR in broiler diets need to be assessed. The study determined the effect of different levels of supplementation of BSR (directly derived, unprocessed) in diets for broiler chickens on the production traits, selected slaughter analysis parameters, nutrient digestibility and selected hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters. In total, 200 1-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments with five replicate cages of 10 broiler chickens/cage (five females and five males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks, and the broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0% (control), 3% (BSR3), 4% (BSR4) or 5% (BSR5). In the broiler chickens receiving diets with addition of resin BSR3 and BSR4, there was an increase in (P<0.05) BW gain, ether extract, ADF, organic matter and energy digestibility of the diets. Moreover, the best carcass quality with a high proportion of muscles and low abdominal fat content (P<0.05) was noted in these groups. The content of uric acid (P<0.01) and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05) in blood plasma decreased upon the BSR supplementation. Globulin content increased in blood plasma (P<0.05) along the increasing level of BSR. The blood immunoglobulin A concentration was only affected by the BSR treatments (P<0.05). It may be concluded that BSR can be regarded as a safe and effective dietary additive for broiler chicken.
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Lee SB, Kim HG, Kim HS, Lee JS, Im HJ, Kim WY, Son CG. Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Amomum xanthioides Exerts Antihepatofibrotic Actions via the Regulation of Fibrogenic Cytokines in a Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:6014380. [PMID: 27594891 PMCID: PMC4995331 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6014380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amomum xanthioides has been traditionally used to treat diverse digestive system disorders in the Asian countries. We investigated antihepatofibrotic effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides (EFAX). Liver fibrosis is induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) injection (intraperitoneally, 10 mg/kg of DMN for 4 weeks to Sprague-Dawley rats). EFAX (25 or 50 mg/kg), silymarin (50 mg/kg), or distilled water was orally administered every day. The DMN injection drastically altered body and organ mass, serum biochemistry, and platelet count, while EFAX treatment significantly attenuated this alteration. Severe liver fibrosis is determined by trichrome staining and measurement of hydroxyproline contents. EFAX treatment significantly attenuated these symptoms as well as the increase in oxidative by-products of lipid and protein metabolism in liver tissues. DMN induced a dramatic activation of hepatic stellate cells and increases in the levels of protein and gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet derived growth factor-beta (PDGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed increases in the levels of protein and gene expression of α-smooth muscle actin. These alterations were significantly normalized by EFAX treatment. Our findings demonstrate the potent antihepatofibrotic properties of EFAX via modulation of fibrogenic cytokines, especially TGF-β in the liver fibrosis rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bae Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Jin Im
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 176-9 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Lentinula edodes consumption on biochemical, hematologic and oxidative stress parameters in rats receiving high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2255-2264. [PMID: 27388463 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional foods can prevent/reduce the risks related to obesity. Lentinula edodes is a highly nutritious mushroom rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. Some studies have demonstrated the hypocholesterolemic effects from L. edodes in high doses, which does not represent the consumption in humans. We evaluated ingestion of a realistic dose of L. edodes associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) on hematologic, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters. METHODS Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (normal diet); HFD; and HFD + L. edodes (100 mg/kg/day). After 30 days, blood was collected. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were analyzed, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers. RESULTS The HFD increased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Lentinula edodes reduced these parameters significantly to concentrations found in the control group. The HFD increased levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase (markers of liver damage). Lentinula edodes returned the levels of these enzymes to normal levels and normalized serum levels of urea (which were also increased owing to consumption of the HFD). Lentinula edodes reduced levels of urea and glucose. Lipid peroxidation was increased in rats receiving the HFD, and L. edodes reduced malondialdehyde levels, thereby preventing oxidation of fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Lentinula edodes was shown to have hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and renoprotective features in doses that are suitable for humans.
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Tang Y, Masuo Y, Sakai Y, Wakayama T, Sugiura T, Harada R, Futatsugi A, Komura T, Nakamichi N, Sekiguchi H, Sutoh K, Usumi K, Iseki S, Kaneko S, Kato Y. Localization of Xenobiotic Transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4 in Hepatic Stellate Cells and Its Protective Role in Liver Fibrosis. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1779-1789. [PMID: 27020986 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic transporters play key roles in disposition of certain therapeutic agents, although limited information is available on their roles other than pharmacokinetic issues. Here, suppressive effect of multispecific organic cation transporter OCTN1/SLC22A4 on liver fibrosis was proposed in liver injury models. After injection of hepatotoxins such as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or concanavalin A, hepatic fibrosis, and oxidative stress, evaluated in terms of Sirius red and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal staining, respectively, were more severe in liver of octn1/slc22a4 gene knockout (octn1(-/-)) mice than that in wild-type mice. DMN treatment markedly increased α-smooth muscle actin and F4/80, markers of activated stellate and Kupffer cells, respectively, in liver of octn1(-/-), but had less effect in wild-type mice. Thus, octn1/slc22a4 gene deletion results in more severe hepatic fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. DMN-treated wild-type mice showed increased Octn1 staining and hepatic concentration of its food-derived antioxidant ergothioneine (ERGO). The upregulated Octn1 was co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin. Functional expression of Octn1 was demonstrated in activated human hepatic stellate cell lines, LI90 and LX-2. Provision of ERGO-rich feed ameliorated DMN-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress. Overall, Octn1 is upregulated in activated stellate cells, resulting in increased delivery of its substrate antioxidant ERGO and a protective effect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Azusa Futatsugi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Komura
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noritaka Nakamichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Life Science Institute Co. Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0012, Japan; Customer Support Division, L·S Corporation Co. Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0013, Japan
| | - Keita Sutoh
- Life Science Institute Co. Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0012, Japan; Customer Support Division, L·S Corporation Co. Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0013, Japan
| | - Koji Usumi
- Life Science Institute Co. Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0012, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Chatterjee A, Acharya K. Include mushroom in daily diet—A strategy for better hepatic health. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1057839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Anti-HCV effect of Lentinula edodes mycelia solid culture extracts and low-molecular-weight lignin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:52-7. [PMID: 25935479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes mycelia solid culture extract (MSCE) contains several bioactive molecules, including some polyphenolic compounds, which exert immunomodulatory, antitumor, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we examined the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of MSCE and low-molecular-weight lignin (LM-lignin), which is the active component responsible for the hepatoprotective effect of MSCE. Both MSCE and LM-lignin inhibited the entry of two HCV pseudovirus (HCVpv) types into Huh7.5.1 cells. LM-lignin inhibited HCVpv entry at a lower concentration than MSCE and inhibited the entry of HCV particles in cell culture (HCVcc). MSCE also inhibited HCV subgenome replication. LM-lignin had no effect on HCV replication, suggesting that MSCE contains additional active substances. We demonstrate here for the first time the anti-HCV effects of plant-derived LM-lignin and MSCE. The hepatoprotective effect of LM-lignin suggests that lignin derivatives, which can be produced in abundance from existing plant resources, may be effective in the treatment of HCV-related diseases.
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16
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Finimundy TC, Dillon AJP, Henriques JAP, Ely MR. A Review on General Nutritional Compounds and Pharmacological Properties of the <i>Lentinula edodes</i> Mushroom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.512119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Park SL, Lee SY, Nam YD, Yi SH, Seo MJ, Lim SI. Hepatoprotective effect of fermented rice bran against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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18
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Hepatoprotective effects of mushrooms. Molecules 2013; 18:7609-30. [PMID: 23884116 PMCID: PMC6270077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The particular characteristics of growth and development of mushrooms in nature result in the accumulation of a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenes and steroids and essential cell wall components such as polysaccharides, β-glucans and proteins, several of them with biological activities. The present article outlines and discusses the available information about the protective effects of mushroom extracts against liver damage induced by exogenous compounds. Among mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum is indubitably the most widely studied species. In this review, however, emphasis was given to studies using other mushrooms, especially those presenting efforts of attributing hepatoprotective activities to specific chemical components usually present in the mushroom extracts.
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Chen MF, Chung HH, Lu HL. Protection of the extracts of Lentinus edodes mycelia against carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:231586. [PMID: 22666093 PMCID: PMC3366241 DOI: 10.1100/2012/231586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinus edodes is the medicinal macrofungus showing potential for therapeutic applications in infectious disorders including hepatitis. In an attempt to develop the agent for handling hepatic injury, we used the extracts of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) to screen the effect on hepatic injury in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 not only increased plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) but also decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in rats. Similar to the positive control silymarin, oral administration (three times daily) of this product (LEM) for 8 weeks significantly reduced plasma GOT and GPT. Also, the activities of antioxidant enzymes of SOD and GPx were elevated by LEM. in liver from CCl4-treated rats, indicating that mycelium can increase antioxidant-like activity. Moreover, the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of SOD and GPx were both markedly raised by LEM. The obtained results suggest that oral administration of the extracts of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) has the protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats, mainly due to an increase in antioxidant-like action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fen Chen
- Department of Nursing and Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Jen-Te, Tainan City 71703, Taiwan
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Low-molecular-weight lignin-rich fraction in the extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. J Nat Med 2011; 66:185-91. [PMID: 21904796 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (LEM) is a medicinal food ingredient that has hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we fractionated the LEM extract to explore novel active compounds related to hepatoprotection by using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). The LEM extract and the fractions markedly inhibited the release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from hepatocytes damaged by CCl(4) into the culture medium. The strongest hepatocyte-protective activity was seen in a fraction (Fr. 2) in which a 50% ethanol extract was further eluted with 50% methanol and separated using reverse-phase HPLC. Fr. 2 had an average molecular weight of 2753, and the main components are lignin (49%) and saccharides (36%, of which xylose comprises 41%). Therefore, Fr. 2 was presumed to be a low-molecular-weight compound consisting mainly of lignin and xylan-like polysaccharides. The hepatocyte-protective activity was observed even after digestion of xylan-like polysaccharides in Fr.2 and confirmed with low-molecular-weight lignin (LM-lignin) alone. In addition, Fr. 2, the xylan-digested Fr. 2 and LM-lignin showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity than the LEM extract. These results suggested that the effective fraction in the LEM extract related to hepatocyte protection consisted mainly of LM-lignin, and its antioxidant activity partially contributes to the hepatocyte-protective activity of the LEM extract.
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21
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Yoshioka Y, Tamesada M, Tomi H. A repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of extract from cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia in Wistar rats. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 35:785-91. [PMID: 20930474 DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the toxicological safety of extract from cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (L.E.M.), repeated doses (2,000 mg/kg/day) were administered to male and female Wistar rats for 28 days. No mortality or abnormality in the general status or appearance was observed in rats administered L.E.M extract. Body weight and food consumption decreased slightly, particularly in the case of male rats, although the degree of decrease was not as prominent toward the end of administration. Examination of hematology, serum biochemistry, absolute and relative organ weights, autopsy and histopathology revealed only a few statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups; these differences suggested no clinically significant changes related to toxicity. Consequently, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of L.E.M. extract was considered to be more than 2,000 mg/kg/day under the conditions of the present study.
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22
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YOSHIOKA Y, MATSUI Y, KOBAYASHI M, HONDA Y, TAMESADA M, OONUMA T, TOMI H. Safety Evaluation of Extract from Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia; Study of Acute Toxicity, Genotoxicity and Inhibiting Effect of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme, Cytochrome P-450 3A4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1625/jcam.7.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko YOSHIOKA
- Central R&D Laboratory, Fundamental Research Dept., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yasunori MATSUI
- Central R&D Laboratory, Fundamental Research Dept., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Masakazu KOBAYASHI
- Central R&D Laboratory, Fundamental Research Dept., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yuki HONDA
- Osaka Laboratory, Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd
| | - Makoto TAMESADA
- Central R&D Laboratory, Fundamental Research Dept., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Toshio OONUMA
- Osaka Laboratory, Sumika Chemical Analysis Service, Ltd
| | - Hironori TOMI
- Central R&D Laboratory, Fundamental Research Dept., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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23
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Itoh A, Isoda K, Kondoh M, Kawase M, Kobayashi M, Tamesada M, Yagi K. Hepatoprotective effect of syringic acid and vanillic acid on concanavalin a-induced liver injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1215-9. [PMID: 19571388 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The edible mushroom Lentinula edodes (shiitake) contains many bioactive compounds. In the present study, we cultivated L. edodes mycelia in solid medium and examined the hot-water extract (L.E.M.) for its suppressive effect on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury in mice. ConA injection into the tail vein caused a great increase in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The intraperitoneal administration of L.E.M. significantly decreased the levels of the transaminases. L.E.M. contains many bioactive substances, including polysaccharides and glucan, which could be immunomodulators. Since ConA-induced liver injury is caused by the activation of T cells, immunomodulating substances might be responsible for the suppressive effect of L.E.M. L.E.M. also contains phenolic compounds that are produced from lignocellulose by mycelia-derived enzymes. The major phenolics in L.E.M., syringic acid and vanillic acid, were intraperitoneally injected into mice shortly before the ConA treatment. Similar to L.E.M., the administration of syringic acid or vanillic acid significantly decreased the transaminase activity and suppressed the disorganization of the hepatic sinusoids. In addition, the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-6 in the serum increased rapidly, within 3 h of the ConA administration, but the administration of syringic acid or vanillic acid significantly suppressed the cytokine levels. Together, these findings indicate that the phenolic compounds in L.E.M. are hepatoprotective through their suppression of immune-mediated liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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24
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YOSHIOKA Y, TAMESADA M, NAGAYAMA A. The Safety of Excessive Intake of the Food Containing Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia (L.E.M.) in Healthy Adult Volunteers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1625/jcam.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariaki NAGAYAMA
- Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine
- Fukuoka Tenjin Minami Clinic
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25
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Oh SW, Kim DH, Ha JR, Kim DY. Anti-fibrotic Effects of a Methylenedioxybenzene Compound, CW209292 on Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1364-70. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Woong Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
- Central Research Institute, Choongwae Pharma Corp
| | - Dae-Hoon Kim
- Central Research Institute, Choongwae Pharma Corp
| | - Jong-Ryul Ha
- Central Research Institute, Choongwae Pharma Corp
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
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26
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Properties and biological functions of polysaccharides and ethanolic extracts isolated from medicinal fungus, Fomitopsis pinicola. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Shuvy M, Hershcovici T, Lull-Noguera C, Wichers H, Danay O, Levanon D, Zolotarov L, Ilan Y. Intrahepatic CD8 + lymphocyte trapping during tolerance induction using mushroom derived formulations: A possible role for liver in tolerance induction. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3872-8. [PMID: 18609712 PMCID: PMC2721445 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the immunomodulatory effect of Shiitake (a mushroom extract), we tested its effect on liver-mediated immune regulation in a model of immune-mediated colitis.
METHODS: Four groups of mice were studied. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of TNBS in groups A and B. Groups A and C were treated daily with Shiitake extract, while groups B and D received bovine serum albumin. Mice were evaluated for development of macroscopic and microscopic. The immune effects of Shiitake were determined by FACS analysis of intra-hepatic and intrasplenic lymphocytes and IFN-γ ELISPOT assay.
RESULTS: Administration of Shiitake resulted in marked alleviation of colitis, manifested by significant improvement in the macroscopic and microscopic scores, and by reduction in IFN-γ-producing colonies in group A, compared to group B mice (1.5 pfu/mL vs 3.7 pfu/mL, respectively). This beneficial effect was associated with a significant increase in the intra-hepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping, demonstrated by an increased intrasplenic/intrahepatic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. These effects were accompanied by a 17% increase in the number of intrahepatic natural killer T (NKT) cells. A similar effect was observed when Shiitake was administered to animals without disease induction.
CONCLUSION: Shiitake extract affected liver-mediated immune regulation by altering the NKT lymphocyte distribution and increasing intrahepatic CD8+ T lymphocyte trapping, thereby leading to alleviation of immune-mediated colitis.
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. RA, . DG, . KHJ. The Effects of Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) Aqueous Bark Extract on Rat Liver Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2007.359.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Watanabe A, Kobayashi M, Hayashi S, Kodama D, Isoda K, Kondoh M, Kawase M, Tamesada M, Yagi K. Protection against D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Oral Administration of Extracts from Lentinus edodes Mycelia. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1651-4. [PMID: 16880621 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of oral medications to help prevent liver injury is desirable, and some mushrooms contain chemicals that show promise as such a treatment. Here, we tested whether a hot-water extract (L.E.M.) of the cultured mycelia of an edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, could protect primary cultured hepatocytes from D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced injury. GalN induced cell death in the hepatocytes, and this effect was completely suppressed by the addition of 0.5 mg/ml L.E.M. Polyphenolic compounds contained in the L.E.M. seemed to be responsible for the protective effect. We next examined the protective effect of L.E.M. in a GalN-induced liver injury model in rats. In rats that had been treated with L.E.M. given orally or intraperitoneally, GalN caused less leakage of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, markers for liver injury, and a lower decrease in serum protein content, than in non-L.E.M.-treated rats. Histological analysis of the liver also showed a protective effect of L.E.M. Our findings indicate that L.E.M. administration is a promising treatment for protecting the liver from acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Watanabe
- Research and Development Center, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
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30
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Chen SC, Lu MK, Cheng JJ, Wang DL. Antiangiogenic activities of polysaccharides isolated from medicinal fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 249:247-54. [PMID: 16046081 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracted polysaccharides from medicinal fungi, including Antrodia cinnamomea, Antrodia malicola, Antrodia xantha, Antrodiella liebmannii, Agaricus murrill, and Rigidoporus ulmarius, were investigated for their effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation in endothelial cells (ECs). Chemical analysis revealed that myo-inositol, sorbitol, fucose, galactosamine, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, and mannose were the neutral sugars in these polysaccharides. These fungal polysaccharides showed no toxicity to ECs. For the inhibition of endothelial tube formation, extracted polysaccharides from A. xantha and R. ulmarius were shown to produce greater inhibition compared to those from other fungi. Fucose, glucose and mannose were the predominant monosaccharides from these two fungi. These results suggest that monosaccharides may play a role in the inhibitory effect of these fungi on endothelial tube formation. In contrast to the inhibition on tube formation from polysaccharides of A. cinnamomea and A. malicola, polysaccharides from A. xantha and R. ulmarius, with molecular weight between 2693-2876 and 304-325 kDa, were critical for this inhibitory activity. Our results show that polysaccharides isolated from A. xantha and R. ulmarius provide greater antiangiogenesis than those from commercialized A. murrill (Brazilian mushroom) and A. cinnamomea. These studies provide a basis for the potential development of these polysaccharides for antiangiogenesis usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Chung Chen
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Wan-Fang Hospital, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Medical College, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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