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In Situ Gel Incorporating Disulfiram Nanoparticles Rescues the Retinal Dysfunction via ATP Collapse in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102171. [PMID: 32993012 PMCID: PMC7601925 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to design an ophthalmic in situ gel formulation incorporating disulfiram (DIS) nanoparticles (Dis-NPs/ISG) and demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Dis-NPs/ISG on retinal dysfunction in 15-month-old Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a rat model of diabetes. The DIS particles were crushed using a bead mill to prepare the nanoparticles, and the Dis-NPs/ISG was prepared using a combination of the DIS nanoparticles and an in situ gelling system based on methylcellulose (MC). The particle size of the Dis-NPs/ISG was 80–250 nm, and there was no detectable precipitation or aggregation for 1 month. Moreover, the Dis-NPs/ISG was gelled at 37 °C, and the drug was delivered into the retina by instillation. Only diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) was detected in the retina (DIS was not detected) when the Dis-NPs/ISG was instilled in the right eye, and the DDC levels in the right retina were significantly higher than those in the left retina. In addition, the retinal residence time of the drug was prolonged by the application of the in situ gelling system, since the DDC levels in the retinas of rats instilled with Dis-NPs/ISG were higher than those in DIS nanoparticles without MC. Furthermore, repetitive instillation of the Dis-NPs/ISG attenuated the deterioration of electroretinograms (ERGs) in 15-month-old OLETF rats by preventing the collapse of ATP production via excessive nitric oxide and recovered the decrease in retinal function. These findings provide important information for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to diabetic retinopathy.
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Nagai N, Umachi K, Otake H, Oka M, Hiramatsu N, Sasaki H, Yamamoto N. Ophthalmic In Situ Gelling System Containing Lanosterol Nanoparticles Delays Collapse of Lens Structure in Shumiya Cataract Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070629. [PMID: 32635523 PMCID: PMC7408553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to prepare ophthalmic in situ gel formulations containing lanosterol (Lan) nanoparticles (LA-NPs/ISG) and investigated the characteristics, delivery pathway into the lens, and anti-cataract effects of LA-NPs/ISG using SCR-N (rats with slight lens structure collapse) and SCR-C (rats with a combination of remarkable lens structure collapse and opacification). LA-NPs/ISG was prepared by bead milling of the dispersions containing 0.5% Lan powder, 5% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, 0.5% methylcellulose, 0.005% benzalkonium chloride, and 0.5% mannitol. The particle size distribution of Lan was 60–250 nm. The LA-NPs/ISG was gelled at 37 °C, and the LA-NPs/ISG was taken into the cornea by energy-dependent endocytosis and then released to the intraocular side. In addition, the Lan contents in the lenses of both SCR-N and SCR-C were increased by the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG (twice per day). The space and structure collapse in the lens of SCR-N with aging was attenuated by the instillation of LA-NPs/ISG. Moreover, the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG attenuated the changes in cataract-related factors (the enhancement of nitric oxide levels, calpain activity, lipid peroxidation levels, Ca2+ contents, and the decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity) in the lenses of SCR-C, and the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG delayed the onset of opacification in the SCR-C. It is possible that the LA-NPs/ISG is useful in maintaining lens homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (K.U.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-3638
| | - Kazuki Umachi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (K.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (K.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Mikako Oka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan;
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Molecularbiology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.); (N.Y.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.); (N.Y.)
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Raut SY, Manne AS, Kalthur G, Jain S, Mutalik S. Cyclodextrins as Carriers in Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents: Focused Review on Traditional and Inimitable Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:444-454. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190306163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the article is to provide a comprehensive review on the application of cyclodextrin
complexation in the delivery of drugs, bioactive molecules or macromolecules, with more emphasis on targeted
drug delivery. Classically the cyclodextrins have been considered only as a means of improving the solubility of
drugs; however, many attempts have been made to use cyclodextrins as drug delivery carriers. The cyclodextrin
surface can be modified with various ligands for active targeting of drugs. It can also be passively targeted
through various triggering mechanisms like thermal, magnetic, pH dependent, light dependent, ultrasound, etc. A
comprehensive literature review has been done in the area of drug delivery using cyclodextrins. Applications of
inclusion complexes in the drug delivery through various routes with examples are discussed. This review focuses
on receptor mediated active targeting as well as stimuli responsive passive targeting of drugs/genes by using
cyclodextrins. The article provides a detailed insight of the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives on the targeted
delivery of the drugs/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Y. Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Alekhya S.N. Manne
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab 160062, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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Nagai N, Yamasaki Y, Nakamura T, Otake H, Okamoto N. Effect of Methylcellulose (Cellulose Derivatives) on Ibuprofen-crushing Efficiency in Nano Pulverizer NP-100. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:123-130. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Reinhardt S, Stoye N, Luderer M, Kiefer F, Schmitt U, Lieb K, Endres K. Identification of disulfiram as a secretase-modulating compound with beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease hallmarks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1329. [PMID: 29358714 PMCID: PMC5778060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 is a metalloproteinase acting on the amyloid precursor protein (APP) as an alpha-secretase in neurons. Its enzymatic activity results in secretion of a neuroprotective APP cleavage product (sAPP-alpha) and prevents formation of the amyloidogenic A-beta peptides, major hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Elevated ADAM10 levels appeared to contribute to attenuation of A-beta-plaque formation and learning and memory deficits in AD mouse models. Therefore, it has been assumed that ADAM10 might represent a valuable target in AD therapy. Here we screened a FDA-approved drug library and identified disulfiram as a novel ADAM10 gene expression enhancer. Disulfiram increased ADAM10 production as well as sAPP-alpha in SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells and additionally prevented A-beta aggregation in an in vitro assay in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, acute disulfiram treatment of Alzheimer model mice induced ADAM10 expression in peripheral blood cells, reduced plaque-burden in the dentate gyrus and ameliorated behavioral deficits. Alcohol-dependent patients are subjected to disulfiram-treatment to discourage alcohol-consumption. In such patients, enhancement of ADAM10 by disulfiram-treatment was demonstrated in peripheral blood cells. Our data suggest that disulfiram could be repurposed as an ADAM10 enhancer and AD therapeutic. However, efficacy and safety has to be analyzed in Alzheimer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolai Stoye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Luderer
- Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Enhancement in Corneal Permeability of Dissolved Carteolol by Its Combination with Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010282. [PMID: 29342127 PMCID: PMC5796228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles, and investigated their effect when combined with dissolved carteolol on the bioavailability and intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing effect of carteolol. The carteolol was solved in saline containing additives (0.5% methylcellulose, 0.001% benzalkonium chloride, 0.5% mannitol; CRT-solution). MH nanoparticles were prepared by a bead mill method with additives. Then carteolol/MH microparticle and carteolol/MH nanoparticle fixed combinations (mCMFC and nCMFC) were prepared by mixing the CRT-solution and MH particles. The transcorneal penetration and IOP-reducing effect of carteolol was evaluated in rabbits. The mean particle size of mCMFC was 7.2 μm, and the particle size was reduced to 73.5–113.5 nm by the bead mill treatment. The MH particles in nCMFC remained in the nano size range for 8 days after preparation, and the amounts of lacrimal fluid and corneal damage were unchanged by repetitive instillation of nCMFC (twice a day for 4 weeks). The transcorneal penetration of carteolol was enhanced by the combination with MH nanoparticles, and the IOP-reducing effect of nCMFC was significantly higher than that of CRT-solution or mCMFC. In conclusion, we designed nCMFC, and showed that the high levels of dissolved carteolol can be delivered into the aqueous humor by the instillation of nCMFC. Combination with MH nanoparticles may achieve an enhancement of corneal penetration for water-soluble drugs. These findings provide significant information that can be used to design further studies aimed at developing anti-glaucoma eye drugs.
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Ophthalmic Formulation Containing Nilvadipine Nanoparticles Prevents Retinal Dysfunction in Rats Injected with Streptozotocin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122720. [PMID: 29244747 PMCID: PMC5751321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy leads to irreparable vision loss via capillary closure and areas of nonperfusion. However, the current instillation systems do not allow a sufficient amount of drug required to treat retinopathy to reach the posterior segment (retina); therefore, a new formulation targeting the posterior segment is expected as therapy for retinopathy. We prepared ophthalmic formulations containing nilvadipine nanoparticles (NILnano), and demonstrated whether the instillation of NILnano can prevent retinal dysfunction in rats injected with excessive streptozotocin (STZ rats) in this study. NILnano (mean particle size, 77 nm) was prepared by wet bead mill treatment, with the inclusion of various additives (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, benzalkonium chloride, d-mannitol, and methylcellulose). Retinal dysfunction was observable two weeks after rats received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg × 2, consecutive days, STZ rat). Changes in retinal function were evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and immunological methods. The retinal thickness, measured as the distance between the ganglion cell layer and the distal border of the outer nuclear layer, increased two weeks after the injection of streptozotocin, resulting in decreases in the levels of a-waves, b-waves, and oscillatory potential amplitudes in ERG of rats. The instillation of NILnano allowed the topical supplement of nilvadipine into the retina, and repeated instillation of NILnano (2 times/day) attenuated the retinal disorders led by the excessive streptozotocin. In conclusion, we found that retinal dysfunction in rats injected with streptozotocin can be prevented by the NILnano instillation. These results are useful in further studies aimed at the therapeutic treatment of retinopathy.
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