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Wu Z, Tian E, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Gut microbiota and its roles in the pathogenesis and therapy of endocrine system diseases. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127291. [PMID: 36542917 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new field of microbial research is the relationship between microorganisms and multicellular hosts. It is known that gut microbes can cause various endocrine system diseases, such as diabetes and thyroid disease. Changes in the composition or structure and the metabolites of gut microbes may cause gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcers or intestinal perforation and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, reports on the interactions between intestinal microorganisms and endocrine system diseases have been increasingly documented. In the meantime, the treatment based on gut microbiome has also been paid much attention. For example, fecal microbiota transplantation is found to have a therapeutic effect on many diseases. As such, understanding the gut microbiota-endocrine system interactions is of great significance for the theranostic of endocrine system diseases. Herein, we summarize the relations of gut microbiome with endocrine system diseases, and discuss the potentials of regulating gut microbiome in treating those diseases. In addition, the concerns and possible solutions regarding the gut microbiome-based therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Erkang Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhang W, Jia X, Xu Y, Xie Q, Zhu M, Zhang H, Zhao Z, Hao J, Li H, Du J, Liu Y, Liu WH, Ma X, Hung W, Feng H, Li H. Effects of Coix Seed Extract, Bifidobacterium BPL1, and Their Combination on the Glycolipid Metabolism in Obese Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:939423. [PMID: 35923203 PMCID: PMC9341295 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.939423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coix seed extract (CSE) and probiotics have been reported to regulate glycolipid metabolism via different modes of action. We tested the effects of CSE, Bifidobacterium BPL1, and their combination to determine their effects on glycolipid metabolism in obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish an obesity model. Obese mice were selected and divided into four groups: the model control group and three intervention groups. After 10 weeks of continuous gavage intervention, the mice in the intervention groups exhibited lower body weight (lower about 2.31 g, vs. HFD mice 42.23 g) and epididymal (lower about 0.37 g, vs. HFD mice 2.5 g) and perirenal fat content (lower about 0.47 g, vs. HFD mice 0.884 g); decreased fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL; and increased HLDL, respiratory exchange ratio, energy expenditure, and amount of exercise performed. CSE, BPL1 and their combination can effectively control the weight gain in obese mice, reduce fat content, and regulate blood lipids and abnormal blood sugar. These results may be related to reduce the chronic inflammatory states, improve energy metabolism, exercise, relieve insulin sensitivity, and reduce lipid synthesis via the intervention of CSE, BPL1 and their combination. Compared with the single use of CSE alone, the combination of CSE + BPL1 can better exert the regulation function of intestinal flora, and change in the abundance of bacteria that could improve the level of inflammatory factors, such as increasing Bifidobacterium, reducing Lactococcus. Compared with the use of BPL1 alone, the combination of CSE and BPL1 can better regulate pancreatic islet and improve blood sugar. CSE may act directly on body tissues to exert anti-inflammatory effects. BPL1 and CSE + BPL1 may improve the structure and function of the intestinal flora, and reduce tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiuzhen Jia
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yuhan Xu
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiaoling Xie
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meizhen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hesong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zifu Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyu Hao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Haoqiu Li
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Jinrui Du
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Weilian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Matsushita M, Awazawa M, Kobayashi N, Ikushima YM, Soeda K, Tamura-Nakano M, Muratani M, Kobayashi K, Blüher M, Brüning JC, Ueki K. An antisense transcript transcribed from Irs2 locus contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in insulin resistance. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:680-689.e6. [PMID: 34986326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During insulin resistance, lipid uptake by the liver is promoted by peroxisome proliferator-activated protein (PPAR) γ upregulation, leading to hepatic steatosis. Insulin, however, does not directly regulate adipogenic gene expression in liver, and the mechanisms for its upregulation in obesity remain unclear. Here, we show that the Irs2 locus, a critical regulator of insulin actions, encodes an antisense transcript, ASIrs2, whose expression increases in obesity or after refeeding in liver, reciprocal to that of Irs2. ASIrs2 regulates hepatic Pparg expression, and its suppression ameliorates steatosis in obese mice. The human ortholog AL162497.1, whose expression is correlated with that of hepatic PPARG and the severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), shows genomic organization similar to that of ASIrs2. We also identified HARS2 as a potential binding protein for ASIrs2, functioning as a regulator of Pparg. Collectively, our data reveal a functional duality of the Irs2 gene locus, where reciprocal changes of Irs2 and ASIrs2 in obesity cause insulin resistance and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Motoharu Awazawa
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsumoto Ikushima
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kotaro Soeda
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Hojozaka 27, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 305-8575, Japan
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Diabetology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Su X, Weng S, Peng D. New Insights into Apolipoprotein A5 and the Modulation of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Adipogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:144-156. [PMID: 31560287 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190927155702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The hallmark of obesity is the excessive accumulation of
triglyceride (TG) in adipose tissue. Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) has been shown to
influence the prevalence and pathogenesis of obesity. However, the underlying
mechanisms remain to be clarified.
Methods:
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were treated with
600 ng/ml human recombinant ApoA5 protein. The effect of ApoA5 on intracellular TG
content and adipogenic related factors expression were determined. Furthermore, the
effect of ApoA5 on CIDE-C expression was also observed.
Results:
During the process of adipogenesis, ApoA5 treatment reduced the intracellular
accumulation of lipid droplets and the TG levels; meanwhile, ApoA5 down-regulated the
expression levels of adipogenic related factors, including CCAAT enhancer-binding
proteins α/β (C/EBPα/β), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4
(FABP4). Furthermore, the suppression of adipogenesis by ApoA5 was mediated
through the inhibition of CIDE-C expression, an important factor which promotes the
process of adipogenesis. However, over-expressing intracellular CIDE-C could lead to
the loss-of-function of ApoA5 in inhibiting AMSCs adipogenesis.
Conclusions:
In conclusion, ApoA5 inhibits the adipogenic process of AMSCs through,
at least partly, down-regulating CIDE-C expression. The present study provides novel
mechanisms whereby ApoA5 prevents obesity via AMSCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuwei Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Connection between gut microbiome and the development of obesity. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1987-1998. [PMID: 31367997 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of the gut microbiota in various human diseases has attracted considerable attention worldwide. Here, we discuss the vital role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of obesity. First, we describe how the gut microbiota promotes fat accumulation. Additionally, a high-fat diet leads to structural instability among in the gut microbiota, further leading to an increase in endotoxins, which aggravates obesity. We then discuss how gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, affect the host. Finally, we review several strategies for regulating the intestinal flora.
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Bariatric Surgery in Rats Upregulates FSP27 Expression in Fat Tissue to Affect Fat Hydrolysis and Metabolism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6415732. [PMID: 31205943 PMCID: PMC6530210 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6415732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the changes in FSP27 expression and fat metabolism in adipose tissue and their relationship after bariatric surgery in rats. Method Food intake, body weight, triglyceride content, fat distribution, and fat cell morphology were evaluated in rats grouped into control, sham, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) groups. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect protein expression and real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to assess the effects of different energy levels and nutrient factors on FSP27 in adipocytes. Result Food intake, body weight, and triglyceride levels were reduced in RYGB and SG rats within 28 days after surgery, with a more pronounced effect in the RYGB group. Weight loss was mainly due to loss of fat mass rather than loss of lean mass, with the most pronounced decrease in trunk fat. FSP27 expression increased in lean rat adipocytes accompanied by increased lipid droplets (LDs). In SG and RYGB rats, the FSP27 protein concentration gradually increased in white adipose tissue (WAT) after operation. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), p-HSL/HSL, Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL), and Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58) gradually decreased in SG and RYGB rats, but they were always higher than in control and sham animals. FSP27 was also decreased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes of animals with a high-energy diet. Conclusion FSP27 is associated with rat lipid metabolism and its expression varies with energy and nutrient supply. It can inhibit excessive hydrolysis and fat accumulation by regulating HSL and ATGL expression and by mediating LDs formation.
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