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Li Z, Li J, Liu L, Deng W, Liu Q, Liu R, Zhang W, He Z, Fan L, Yang Y, Duan Y, Hou H, Wang X, Yang Z, Wang X, Chen S, Wang Y, Huang N, Chen J. Structural Insight into the Mechanism of 4-Aminoquinolines Selectivity for the alpha2A-Adrenoceptor. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2585-2594. [PMID: 32694911 PMCID: PMC7340475 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s214157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background α2A-adrenoceptor (AR) is a potential target for the treatment of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, and α2A-AR agonists are effective drugs for this condition. However, the lack of high selectivity for α2A-AR subtype of traditional drugs greatly limits their clinic usage. Methods A series of homobivalent 4-aminoquinolines conjugated by two 4-aminoquinoline moieties via varying alkane linker length (C2-C12) were characterized for their affinities for each α2-AR subtype. Subsequently, docking, molecular dynamics and mutagenesis were applied to uncover the molecular mechanism. Results Most 4-aminoquinolines (4-aminoquinoline monomer, C2-C6, C8-C10) were selective for α2A-AR over α2B- and α2C-ARs. Besides, the affinities are of similar linker length-dependence for each α2-AR subtype. Among all the compounds tested, C10 has the highest affinity for α2A-AR (pKi=−7.45±0.62), which is 12-fold and 60-fold selective over α2B-AR and α2C-AR, respectively. Docking and molecular dynamics suggest that C10 simultaneously interacts with orthosteric and “allosteric” sites of the α2A-AR. The mutation of F205 decreases the affinity by 2-fold. The potential allosteric residues include S90, N93, E94 and W99. Conclusion The specificity of C10 for the α2A-AR and the potential orthosteric and allosteric binding sites proposed in this study provide valuable guidance for the development of novel α2A-AR subtype selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Deng
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingrong Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofan Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiqing He
- Department of Pathology, Nuclear of Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Nuclear of Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhuo Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Campbell AP, Wakelin LPG, Denny WA, Finch AM. Homobivalent Conjugation Increases the Allosteric Effect of 9-aminoacridine at the α1-Adrenergic Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:135-144. [PMID: 27903755 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors are targets for a number of cardiovascular and central nervous system conditions, but the current drugs for these receptors lack specificity to be of optimal clinical value. Allosteric modulators offer an alternative mechanism of action to traditional α1-adrenergic ligands, yet there is little information describing this drug class at the α1-adrenergic receptors. We have identified a series of 9-aminoacridine compounds that demonstrate allosteric modulation of the α1A- and α1B-adrenergic receptors. The 9-aminoacridines increase the rate of [3H]prazosin dissociation from the α1A- and α1B-adrenergic receptors and noncompetitively inhibit receptor activation by the endogenous agonist norepinephrine. The structurally similar compound, tacrine, which is a known allosteric modulator of the muscarinic receptors, is also shown to be a modulator of the α1-adrenergic receptors, which suggests a general lack of selectivity for allosteric binding sites across aminergic G protein-coupled receptor. Conjugation of two 9-aminoacridine pharmacophores, using linkers of varying length, increases the potency and efficacy of the allosteric effects of this ligand, likely through optimization of bitopic engagement of the allosteric and orthosteric binding sites of the receptor. Such a bivalent approach may provide a mechanism for fine tuning the efficacy of allosteric compounds in future drug design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Australia (A.P.C., L.P.G.W., A.M.F.); Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (W.A.D.)
| | - Laurence P G Wakelin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Australia (A.P.C., L.P.G.W., A.M.F.); Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (W.A.D.)
| | - William A Denny
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Australia (A.P.C., L.P.G.W., A.M.F.); Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (W.A.D.)
| | - Angela M Finch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Australia (A.P.C., L.P.G.W., A.M.F.); Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (W.A.D.)
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Tripathi RP, Verma SS, Pandey J, Agarwal KC, Chaturvedi V, Manju YK, Srivastva AK, Gaikwad A, Sinha S. Search of antitubercular activities in tetrahydroacridines: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5144-7. [PMID: 16870429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9-substituted tetrahydroacridines were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of chloro group with different nucleophiles in 9-chlorotetrahydroacridine (2). The latter could be obtained by POCl(3) mediated cyclization of the intermediate enamine, which in turn, was prepared by acid catalyzed condensation of anthranilic acid and cyclohexanone. Most of the compounds on antitubercular evaluation against M. tuberculosis H37 Rv and H37 Ra strains exhibited potent activities with MIC 6.125-0.78 microg/mL comparable to the standard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Takenaka S, Ihara T, Takagi M. Cleavage of double helical DNA by Cu2+ ion in the presence of bisintercalator containing penta(ethylene glycol) connector chain. J Mol Recognit 1990; 3:156-62. [PMID: 2278732 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.300030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In designing new DNA recognizing and cleaving reagents, we introduce herein a bisacridine derivative (referred to as bisacridine) in which two acridine heterocycles are connected by a penta(ethylene glycol) bridging chain. This compound offers two possible functions: 1, stabilization of DNA bisacridine intercalator complex by metal ion. The penta(ethylene glycol) chain stabilizes metal ions binding to the phosphate site of DNA, where the penta(ethylene glycol) chain constitutes a part of a pseudomacrocyclic ligand for metal binding; and 2, enhancement of metal-assisted hydrolytic cleavage of DNA by means of a metal concentration effect by the pseudomacrocyclic ethereal chain. The binding isotherms of bisacridine with DNA in the presence of metal ions showed that the binding was mainly governed by the cation exchange reaction on the anionic DNA polymer chain, i.e., the exchange between metal ions and the cationic bisacridine. The bisacridine showed an increase DNA binding ability compared to quinacrine, the monoacridine counterpart, and caused an enhancement of DNA cleavage in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Additional experiments which included DNase 1 footprinting in the presence of bisacridine and the DNA cleavage by Cu2+/bisacridine using a 32P end-labelled DNA fragment, suggested that the Cu2(+)-assisted DNA cleavage sites in the presence of bisacridine were in reasonable overlap with the DNA binding sites of bisacridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takenaka
- Department of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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McFadyen WD, Wakelin LP, Roos IA, Hillcoat BL. The binding of binuclear platinum(II)-terpyridine complexes to DNA. Biochem J 1987; 242:177-83. [PMID: 3593235 PMCID: PMC1147680 DOI: 10.1042/bj2420177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The binding of platinum (II)-terpyridine complexes to DNA was studied by using equilibrium dialysis. Optical absorption methods were used to measure the ability of the ligands to aggregate in aqueous buffer. Scatchard plots for the binding of the monomeric [Pt(terpy)SC4H9]+ cation to DNA at I0.01 are curvilinear, concave upwards, suggesting two modes of binding. The association constant decreases at higher ionic strengths, consistent with polyelectrolyte theory, and 1.1 cations are released per bound ligand molecule. The association constants of the binuclear ligands [Pt(terpy)S[CH2]4S(terpy)Pt]2+ and [Pt(terpy)S[CH2]6S(terpy)Pt]2+ are 8 and 23 times larger respectively than the affinity of the monomer. For the latter binuclear derivative the increase may be ascribed to bifunctional reaction. Differential dialysis experiments with DNAs of differing base composition show that [Pt(terpy)SC4H9]+ has a requirement for a single G X C base-pair at the highest-affinity site. However, in the binuclear ligands chromophore specificity is severely compromised. Similar experiments indicate that 9-aminoacridine and selected methylene-linked diacridines show no significant sequence selectivity.
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Adams A, Jarrott B, Denny WA, Wakelin LP. Differences between central and peripheral rat alpha-adrenoceptors revealed using binuclear ligands. Eur J Pharmacol 1986; 127:27-35. [PMID: 3019726 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(86)90202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have used two homologous series of binuclear ligands, diacridines and diquinolines, and the radioligand receptor assay to compare the topology of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat cerebral cortex and kidney membranes. While the chain length-dependence of affinity of the diacridines, as well as that of the diquinolines, for the alpha 1-adrenoceptors of these central and peripheral tissues are similar, we find marked differences in affinity profiles for interaction with central and peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In the context of our previously proposed model for the binding of diacridines and diquinolines to alpha-adrenoceptors the results suggest that the surface features of central and peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors differ in the area surrounding the noradrenaline binding site. This difference may prove to be of therapeutic relevance.
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