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Ma Z, Bolinger AA, Zhou J, Tian B. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4): a key player in inflammatory bowel disease and potential to inspire epigenetic therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1-7. [PMID: 36710583 PMCID: PMC11092387 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are debilitating chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing prevalence worldwide. Epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is critical in controlling gene expression of IBD-associated inflammatory cytokine networks. BRD4 as a promising therapeutic target is also tightly associated with many other diseases, such as airway inflammation and fibrosis, cancers, infectious diseases and central nervous system disorders. AREAS COVERED This review briefly summarized the critical role of BRD4 in the pathogenesis of IBDs and the current clinical landscape of developing bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitors. The challenges and opportunities as well as future directions of targeting BRD4 inhibition for potential IBD medications were also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Targeting BRD4 with potent and specific inhibitors may offer novel effective therapeutics for IBD patients, particularly those who are refractory to anti-TNFα therapy and IBD-related profibrotic. Developing highly specific BRD4 inhibitors for IBD medications may help erase the drawbacks of most current pan-BET/BRD4 inhibitors, such as off-target effects, poor oral bioavailability, and low gut mucosal absorbance. Novel strategies such as combinatorial therapy, BRD4-based dual inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) may also have great potential to mitigate side effects and overcome drug resistance during IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ma
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew A. Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Cros-Perrial E, Saulnier S, Raza MZ, Charmelot R, Egron D, Dumontet C, Chaloin L, Peyrottes S, Jordheim LP. Cytotoxic and antitumoral activity of N-(9H-purin-6-yl) benzamide derivatives and related water-soluble prodrugs. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:883-894. [PMID: 34649495 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211014164406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of small molecules as cancer treatments is still of both interest and importance. OBJECTIVE Having synthesized and identified the initial cytotoxic activity of a series of chemically related N-(9H-purin-6-yl) benzamide derivatives, we continued their evaluation on cancer cell models. We also synthesized water-soluble prodrugs of the main compound and performed in vivo experiments. METHOD We used organic chemistry to obtain compounds of interest and prodrugs. The biological evaluation included MTT assays, synergy experiments, proliferation assays by CFSE, cell cycle distribution and in vivo antitumoral activity. RESULTS Our results show activities on cancer cell lines ranging from 3-39 µM for the best compounds, with both induction of apoptosis and decrease in cell proliferation. Two compounds evaluated in vivo showed weak antitumoral activity. In addition, the lead compound and its prodrug had a synergistic activity with the nucleoside analogue fludarabine in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our work allowed us to gain better knowledge on the activity of N-(9H-purin-6-yl) benzamide derivatives and showed new examples of water-soluble prodrugs. More research is warranted to decipher the molecular mechanisms of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Cros-Perrial
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008. France
| | - Steve Saulnier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, cc1705, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier. France
| | - Muhammad Zawwad Raza
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008. France
| | - Rémi Charmelot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008. France
| | - David Egron
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, cc1705, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier. France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008. France
| | - Laurent Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier. France
| | - Suzanne Peyrottes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Campus Triolet, cc1705, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier. France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, 69008. France
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Feng L, Wang G, Chen Y, He G, Liu B, Liu J, Chiang CM, Ouyang L. Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins in cancer: A review from medicinal chemistry perspectives. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:710-743. [PMID: 34633088 DOI: 10.1002/med.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), as the most studied member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family, is a chromatin reader protein interpreting epigenetic codes through binding to acetylated histones and non-histone proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. As a promising drug target, BRD4 function is closely related to cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and liver fibrosis. Currently, clinical resistance to BET inhibitors has limited their applications but synergistic antitumor effects have been observed when used in combination with other tumor inhibitors targeting additional cellular components such as PLK1, HDAC, CDK, and PARP1. Therefore, designing dual-target inhibitors of BET bromodomains is a rational strategy in cancer treatment to increase potency and reduce drug resistance. This review summarizes the protein structures and biological functions of BRD4 and discusses recent advances of dual BET inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry perspective. We also discuss the current design and discovery strategies for dual BET inhibitors, providing insight into potential discovery of additional dual-target BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sato M, Kondo T, Kohno Y, Seto S. Discovery of benzo[f]pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]oxazepin-10-one derivatives as orally available bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors with efficacy in an in vivo psoriatic animal model. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 34:116015. [PMID: 33549905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein plays an important role in epigenetic regulation, and the regulation of disruption contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer and inflammatory disease. With the goal of discovering novel BET inhibitors, especially BRD4 inhibitors, we designed and synthesized several compounds starting from our previously reported pyrido-benzodiazepinone derivative 4 to enhance BRD4 inhibitory activity while avoiding hERG inhibition. Molecular docking studies and structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of 9-fluorobenzo[f]pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]oxazepin-10-one derivative 43, which exhibited potent BRD4 inhibitory activity with excellent potency in imiquimod-induced psoriasis model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sato
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kondo
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kohno
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan
| | - Shigeki Seto
- Watarase Research Center, Discovery Research Headquarters, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 329-0114, Japan.
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Yamaguchi T. [Development of a Novel Affinity Labeling Method for Target Identification of Bioactive Small Molecules]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 139:1513-1521. [PMID: 31787638 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Target identification (target-ID) is an important step in elucidating the mechanisms of action of bioactive small molecules. In the past few decades, a number of target-ID methods have been developed. Among these, affinity labeling has been reliably used for specific modifications, as well as for the identification of weakly interacting protein targets, membrane-associated protein targets, and target-interacting proteins under native cellular conditions, which are generally difficult to achieve by conventional pull-down methods. In general, affinity labeling utilizes chemical probes composed of a bioactive small molecule, a reactive group, and a detection unit. However, the design and synthesis of highly functionalized chemical probes is often time-consuming. To address this issue, we have recently developed some simple affinity labeling methods using small fluorogenic tags, such as 4-alkoxy-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (O-NBD), 2,3-dichloromaleimide (diCMI), and 4-azidophthalimide (AzPI), and successfully achieved the specific fluorescent labeling of target proteins, even in living cells. These methods should be useful for target-ID in phenotypic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Amemiya S, Yamaguchi T, Hashimoto Y, Noguchi-Yachide T. Synthesis and evaluation of novel dual BRD4/HDAC inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3677-3684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Noguchi-Yachide T, Amemiya S, Yamaguchi T, Hashimoto Y. Development of N6-(Heteroarylcarbonyl)adenines as BRD4 Inhibitors. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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