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Balestra C, Lambrechts K, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Levenez M, Germonpré P, Virgili F, Bosco G, Lafère P. Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Breathing as a Complement to Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Programs: A Proof-of-Principle Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179600. [PMID: 34502508 PMCID: PMC8431767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response to both external and internal stimuli including infection, trauma, surgery, ischemia-reperfusion, or malignancy. A number of studies indicate that physical activity is an effective means of reducing acute systemic and low-level inflammation occurring in different pathological conditions and in the recovery phase after disease. As a proof-of-principle, we hypothesized that low-intensity workout performed under modified oxygen supply would elicit a "metabolic exercise" inducing a hormetic response, increasing the metabolic load and oxidative stress with the same overall effect expected after a higher intensity or charge exercise. Herein, we report the effect of a 5-week low-intensity, non-training, exercise program in a group of young healthy subjects in combination with the exposure to hyperoxia (30% and 100% pO2, respectively) or light hypoxia (15% pO2) during workout sessions on several inflammation and oxidative stress parameters, namely hemoglobin (Hb), redox state, nitric oxide metabolite (NOx), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10), and renal functional biomarkers (creatinine, neopterin, and urates). We confirmed our previous reports demonstrating that intermittent hyperoxia induces the normobaric oxygen paradox (NOP), a response overlapping the exposure to hypoxia. Our data also suggest that the administration of modified air composition is an expedient complement to a light physical exercise program to achieve a significant modulation of inflammatory and immune parameters, including cytokines expression, iNOS activity, and oxidative stress parameters. This strategy can be of pivotal interest in all those conditions characterized by the inability to achieve a sufficient workload intensity, such as severe cardiovascular alterations and articular injuries failing to effectively gain a significant improvement of physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.L.); (P.G.); (P.L.)
- Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Motor Sciences Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Kate Lambrechts
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.L.); (P.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.M.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162 Milan, Italy; (S.M.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Morgan Levenez
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.L.); (P.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Peter Germonpré
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.L.); (P.G.); (P.L.)
- DAN Europe Research Division, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.E.A.-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Physiology & Medicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (F.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Pierre Lafère
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.L.); (P.G.); (P.L.)
- DAN Europe Research Division, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
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Looft JM, Herkert N, Frey-Law L. Modification of a three-compartment muscle fatigue model to predict peak torque decline during intermittent tasks. J Biomech 2018; 77:16-25. [PMID: 29960732 PMCID: PMC6092960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test whether adding a rest recovery parameter, r, to the analytical three-compartment controller (3CC) fatigue model (Xia and Frey Law, 2008) will improve fatigue estimates during intermittent contractions. The 3CC muscle fatigue model uses differential equations to predict the flow of muscle between three muscle states: Resting (MR), Active (MA), and Fatigued (MF). This model uses a feedback controller to match the active state to target loads and two joint-specific parameters: F, fatigue rate controlling flow from active to fatigued compartments) and R, the recovery rate controlling flow from the fatigued to the resting compartments. This model does well to predict intensity-endurance time curves for sustained isometric tasks. However, previous studies find when rest intervals are present that the model over predicts fatigue. Intermittent rest periods would allow for the occurrence of subsequent reactive vasodilation and post-contraction hyperemia. We hypothesize a modified 3CC-r fatigue model will improve predictions of force decay during intermittent contractions with the addition of a rest recovery parameter, r, to augment recovery during rest intervals, representing muscle re-perfusion. A meta-analysis compiling intermittent fatigue data from 63 publications reporting decline in peak torque (% torque decline) were used for comparison. The original model over-predicted fatigue development from 19 to 29% torque decline; the addition of a rest multiplier significantly improved fatigue estimates to 6-10% torque decline. We conclude the addition of a rest multiplier to the three-compartment controller fatigue model provides a physiologically consistent modification for tasks involving rest intervals, resulting in improved estimates of muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Looft
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicole Herkert
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Frey-Law
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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