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Cai X, Shi J, Xu Y, Fu L, Feng X, Zhao R. An important diagnostic marker of acute myocardial infarction patients: Plasma miRNA133 levels. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38781. [PMID: 39029016 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore changes in miRNA133 levels as a basis for clinical diagnostic markers in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 100 chest pain patient cases admitted to a hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 were used. The study involved the selection of 50 patients: 25 patients with unstable undetermined heart pain and 25 healthy subjects were included in the control group of 50 patients with non-AMI patients. Meanwhile, 50 patients with AMI were designated as the experimental group. Changes in miRNA133 levels in patients' plasma were analyzed for expression using quantitative fluorescence analysis. When the serum TPI, plasma NT-ProBNP, glycosylated hemoglobin, and plasma D-dimer index values were compared between the control and experimental groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < .05). mi-RNA-133 had a mean plasma level value of 2.60 ± 1.01, the mean level value of mi-RNA-133 in patients with non-AMI was 1.34 ± 1.18, and the patients in the AMI group showed significantly high values of the mean plasma level of mi-RNA-133. The relative expression level value of cTnl in patients with AMI was 10.84 ± 12.64. Of the specificity and sensitivity diagnostics, mi-RNA-133 had the best diagnostic effect. The area under mi-RNA-133 in the regression curve was 95.4%, the specificity of the whole combination of indicators was 89.4% and the sensitivity was 100%. Finally, the correlation between mi-RNA-133 and white blood cell count (WBC) and TG was statistically significant (P < .05). In conclusion, changes in the level of mi-RNA-133 may be an important marker for diagnosing the status of patients with AMI, while a faster and more accurate method will emerge along with the improvement of the detection technology, and at the same time, due to the variability of the study cases and other limitations, further research will be carried out subsequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialin Shi
- School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangmiao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuming Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Kotewitsch M, Heimer M, Schmitz B, Mooren FC. Non-coding RNAs in exercise immunology: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:311-338. [PMID: 37925072 PMCID: PMC11116971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been recognized as a potent modulator of immune function, with its effects including enhanced immune surveillance, reduced inflammation, and improved overall health. While strong evidence exists that physical exercise affects the specific expression and activity of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also involved in immune system regulation, heterogeneity in individual study designs and analyzed exercise protocols exists, and a condensed list of functional, exercise-dependent ncRNAs with known targets in the immune system is missing from the literature. A systematic review and qualitative analysis was used to identify and categorize ncRNAs participating in immune modulation by physical exercise. Two combined approaches were used: (a) a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise immunology", (b) and a database search for microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRTarBase and DIANA-Tarbase v8) aligned with known target genes in the immune system based on the Reactome database, combined with a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise". Literature searches were based on PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus; and miRNA databases were filtered for targets validated by in vitro experimental data. Studies were eligible if they reported on exercise-based interventions in healthy humans. After duplicate removal, 95 studies were included reporting on 164 miRNAs, which were used for the qualitative synthesis. Six studies reporting on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) or circular RNAs were also identified. Results were analyzed using ordering tables that included exercise modality (endurance/resistance exercise), acute or chronic interventions, as well as the consistency in reported change between studies. Evaluation criteria were defined as "validated" with 100% of ≥3 independent studies showing identical direction of regulation, "plausible" (≥80%), or "suggestive" (≥70%). For resistance exercise, upregulation of miR-206 was validated while downregulation of miR-133a appeared plausible. For endurance exercise, 15 miRNAs were categorized as validated, with 12 miRNAs being consistently elevated and 3 miRNAs being downregulated, most of them after acute exercise training. In conclusion, our approach provides evidence that miRNAs play a major role in exercise-induced effects on the innate and adaptive immune system by targeting different pathways affecting immune cell distribution, function, and trafficking as well as production of (anti-)inflammatory cytokines. miRNAs miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, and miR-338 emerged as key players in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of exercise predominantly after acute bouts of endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kotewitsch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| | - Melina Heimer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany.
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
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Mendes BF, Improta-Caria AC, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Peixoto MFD, Cassilhas RC, de Oliveira EM, De Sousa RAL. Resistance Training Reduces Blood Pressure: Putative Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:52-56. [PMID: 38258772 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021277791240102041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by higher blood pressure levels. The main treatment for controlling high blood pressure consists of drug therapy, but the scientific literature has been pointing to the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises acting in a therapeutic and/or preventive way to reduce and control the blood pressure levels. Resistance training is characterized by sets and repetitions on a given muscle segment that uses overload, such as machine weights, bars, and dumbbells. As it successfully affects a number of variables associated to practitioners' functional and physiological features as well as emotional and social variables, resistance training has been a crucial part of physical exercise programs. Several reports highlight the various adaptive responses it provides, with a focus on the improvement in strength, balance, and muscular endurance that enables a more active and healthy lifestyle. Resistance training programs that are acute, sub-chronic, or chronic can help people with varying ages, conditions, and pathologies reduce their arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms associated with resistance training to reduce blood pressure still need to be better understood. Thus, we aimed to understand the main effects of resistance training on blood pressure as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Han L, Li P, He Q, Yang C, Jiang M, Wang Y, Cao Y, Han X, Liu X, Wu W. Revisiting Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Emerging Significance of Myokines. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1125. [PMID: 38270119 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction (SMD) is the most significant extrapulmonary complication and an independent prognostic indicator in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Myokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, myostatin, irisin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, play important roles in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, protein synthesis and breakdown balance, and regeneration of skeletal muscles in COPD. As the main component of pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise can improve muscle strength, muscle endurance, and exercise capacity in patients with COPD, as well as improve the prognosis of SMD and COPD by regulating the expression levels of myokines. The mechanisms by which exercise regulates myokine levels are related to microRNAs. IGF-1 expression is upregulated by decreasing the expression of miR-1 or miR-29b. Myostatin downregulation and irisin upregulation are associated with increased miR-27a expression and decreased miR-696 expression, respectively. These findings suggest that myokines are potential targets for the prevention and treatment of SMD in COPD. A comprehensive analysis of the role and regulatory mechanisms of myokines can facilitate the development of new exercise-based therapeutic approaches for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglan He
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Godwin JS, Telles GD, Vechin FC, Conceição MS, Ugrinowitsch C, Roberts MD, Libardi CA. Time Course of Proteolysis Biomarker Responses to Resistance, High-Intensity Interval, and Concurrent Exercise Bouts. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2326-2332. [PMID: 37506190 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Godwin, JS, Telles, GD, Vechin, FC, Conceição, MS, Ugrinowitsch, C, Roberts, MD, and Libardi, CA. Time course of proteolysis biomarker responses to resistance, high-intensity interval, and concurrent exercise bouts. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2326-2332, 2023-Concurrent exercise (CE) combines resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in the same training routine, eliciting hypertrophy, strength, and cardiovascular benefits over time. Some studies suggest that CE training may hamper muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptations compared with RE training alone. However, the underlying mechanisms related to protein breakdown are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how a bout of RE, HIIE, or CE affected ubiquitin-proteasome and calpain activity and the expression of a few associated genes, markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis. Nine untrained male subjects completed 1 bout of RE (4 sets of 8-12 reps), HIIE (12 × 1 minute sprints at V̇ o2 peak minimum velocity), and CE (RE followed by HIIE), in a crossover design, separated by 1-week washout periods. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before (Pre), immediately post, 4 hours (4 hours), and 8 hours (8 hours) after exercise. FBXO32 mRNA expression increased immediately after exercise (main time effect; p < 0.05), and RE and CE presented significant overall values compared with HIIE ( p < 0.05). There was a marginal time effect for calpain-2 mRNA expression ( p < 0.05), with no differences between time points ( p > 0.05). No significant changes occurred in TRIM63/MuRF-1 and FOXO3 mRNA expression, or 20S proteasome or calpain activities ( p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that 1 bout of CE does not promote greater changes in markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis compared with 1 bout of RE or HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme D Telles
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Felipe C Vechin
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Miguel S Conceição
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
- MUSCULAB, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | | | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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Ciaccio AM, Tuttolomondo A. Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1647. [PMID: 38137095 PMCID: PMC10741776 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer membrane particles released from all living cells into the extracellular environment. They carry several molecules and have a critical role in cell-cell communication under physiological and pathological conditions. In recent decades, exosomes, and especially their cargo, have emerged as a promising tool for several clinical conditions. However, the literature has become increasingly unambiguous in defining the role of exosomes in chronic cerebrovascular diseases. Because they can pass through the blood-brain barrier, they have great potential to reflect intracerebral changes. They can, thus, provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of central nervous system diseases. The purpose of this review is to describe the literature on the role of exosomal miRNA, which represents the most widely investigated exosomal biomarker, in strokes. First, we provide an overview of exosomes, from biology to isolation and characterization. Then, we describe the relationship between exosomes and stroke pathogenesis. Finally, we summarize the human studies evaluating exosomal miRNA biomarkers of stroke. Although the collective literature supports the potential use of exosomal miRNA as biomarkers of ischemic stroke, there are still several limitations hampering their introduction into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Regional Reference Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Anderson-Fabry Disease, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal Medicine, and Specialty Excellence “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Hiam D, Landen S, Jacques M, Voisin S, Lamon S, Eynon N. Muscle miRNAs are influenced by sex at baseline and in response to exercise. BMC Biol 2023; 21:273. [PMID: 38012706 PMCID: PMC10683325 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been found across multiple tissues. Skeletal muscle is one of the most sex-biased tissues of the body. MiRNAs are necessary for development and have regulatory roles in determining skeletal muscle phenotype and have important roles in the response to exercise in muscle. Yet there is limited research into the role and regulation of miRNAs in the skeletal muscle at baseline and in response to exercise, a well-known modulator of miRNA expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex on miRNA expression in the skeletal muscle at baseline and after an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise. A total of 758 miRNAs were measured using Taqman®miRNA arrays in the skeletal muscle of 42 healthy participants from the Gene SMART study (23 males and 19 females of comparable fitness levels and aged 18-45 years), of which 308 were detected. MiRNAs that differed by sex at baseline and whose change in expression following high-intensity interval exercise differed between the sexes were identified using mixed linear models adjusted for BMI and Wpeak. We performed in silico analyses to identify the putative gene targets of the exercise-induced, sex-specific miRNAs and overrepresentation analyses to identify enriched biological pathways. We performed functional assays by overexpressing two sex-biased miRNAs in human primary muscle cells derived from male and female donors to understand their downstream effects on the transcriptome. RESULTS At baseline, 148 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle between the sexes. Interaction analysis identified 111 miRNAs whose response to an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise differed between the sexes. Sex-biased miRNA gene targets were enriched for muscle-related processes including proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells and numerous metabolic pathways, suggesting that miRNAs participate in programming sex differences in skeletal muscle function. Overexpression of sex-biased miRNA-30a and miRNA-30c resulted in profound changes in gene expression profiles that were specific to the sex of the cell donor in human primary skeletal muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered sex differences in the expression levels of muscle miRNAs at baseline and in response to acute high-intensity interval exercise. These miRNAs target regulatory pathways essential to skeletal muscle development and metabolism. Our findings highlight that miRNAs play an important role in programming sex differences in the skeletal muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Ni PS, Ma S, Wang ZZ, He JH, Zhang CK, Li BM, Yu XM, Li FH. Indirect regulation of HIPPO pathway by miRNA mediates high-intensity intermittent exercise to ameliorate aging skeletal muscle function. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:834-847. [PMID: 36789636 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced microRNA (miRNA) and HIPPO pathways participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity but their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on miRNA expression and the HIPPO pathway in the skeletal muscle of aging rats to determine its role in the amelioration of muscle aging. Thirty-six 18-month-old female rats were randomly divided into sedentary control (SED, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 12), and HIIT (n = 12) groups, with continuous exercise for 8 months. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, KEGG enrichment, and dual-luciferase assays were performed on the target skeletal muscle. Compared with the SED group, the MICT and HIIT groups showed a significant trend of improvement in Lee's index and grip strength and a marked increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, apoptosis, antioxidant, and lipolysis-related protein expression. They also exhibited PI3K/AKT pathway activation and a decrease in expression of HIPPO pathway-related proteins; 20 miRNAs were differentially expressed and enriched in the exercise group compared with the SED group, including the HIPPO pathway and metabolic pathways. Further analysis of L6 cells confirmed that miR-182 may target PTEN, which indirectly regulates HIPPO signaling, but not Mob1. the combined application of HIIT and MICT increased the antioxidant and lipolytic capacities of skeletal muscle and improved atrophy of aging skeletal muscle; HIIT was more effective than MICT. This may be related to HIIT-mediated AKT pathway activation and HIPPO pathway inhibition by miRNAs (miR-486 and miR-182).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Ma
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Sport Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
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10
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Telles GD, Libardi CA, Conceição MS, Vechin FC, Lixandrão ME, Mangone FRR, Pavanelli AC, Nagai MA, Camera DM, Hawley JA, Ugrinowitsch C. Interrelated but Not Time-Aligned Response in Myogenic Regulatory Factors Demethylation and mRNA Expression after Divergent Exercise Bouts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:199-208. [PMID: 36136603 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation regulates exercise-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. However, the specificity and the time course responses in the myogenic regulatory factors DNA methylation and mRNA expression after divergent exercise modes are unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the time course changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression for selected myogenic regulatory factors ( MYOD1 , MYF5 , and MYF6 ) immediately after, 4 h after, and 8 h after a single bout of resistance exercise (RE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and concurrent exercise (CE). METHODS Nine healthy but untrained males (age, 23.9 ± 2.8 yr; body mass, 70.1 ± 14.9 kg; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O 2peak ], 41.4 ± 5.2 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ; mean ± SD) performed a counterbalanced, randomized order of RE (4 × 8-12 repetition maximum), HIIE (12 × 1 min sprints at V̇O 2peak running velocity), and CE (RE followed by HIIE). Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were taken before (REST) immediately (0 h), 4 h, and 8 h after each exercise bout. RESULTS Compared with REST, MYOD1 , MYF5 , and MYF6 , mean methylation across all CpGs analyzed was reduced after 4 and 8 h in response to all exercise protocols ( P < 0.05). Reduced levels of MYOD1 methylation were observed after HIIE and CE compared with RE ( P < 0.05). Compared with REST, all exercise bouts increased mRNA expression over time ( MYOD1 at 4 and 8 h, and MYF6 at 4 h; P < 0.05). MYF5 mRNA expression was lower after 4 h compared with 0 h and higher at 8 h compared with 4 h ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed an interrelated but not time-aligned response between the exercise-induced changes in myogenic regulatory factors demethylation and mRNA expression after divergent exercise modes. Despite divergent contractile stimuli, changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression in skeletal muscle were largely confined to the late (4-8 h) recovery period and similar between the different exercise challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Defante Telles
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Miguel Soares Conceição
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Felipe Cassaro Vechin
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | | | | | | | | | - Donny Michael Camera
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
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11
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Margolis LM, Carrigan CT, Murphy NE, DiBella MN, Wilson MA, Whitney CC, Howard EE, Pasiakos SM, Rivas DA. Carbohydrate intake in recovery from aerobic exercise differentiates skeletal muscle microRNA expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E435-E447. [PMID: 36044708 PMCID: PMC9639755 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00110.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation by microRNA (miRNA) facilitates exercise and diet-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. However, the impact of diet on miRNA expression during postexercise recovery remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of consuming carbohydrate or a nutrient-free control on skeletal muscle miRNA expression during 3 h of recovery from aerobic exercise. Using a randomized, crossover design, seven men (means ± SD, age: 21 ± 3 yr; body mass: 83 ± 13 kg; V̇o2peak: 43 ± 2 mL/kg/min) completed two-cycle ergometry glycogen depletion trials followed by 3 h of recovery while consuming either carbohydrate (CHO: 1 g/kg/h) or control (CON: nutrient free). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained under resting fasted conditions at baseline and at the end of the 3-h recovery (REC) period. miRNA expression was determined using unbiased RT-qPCR microarray analysis. Trials were separated by 7 days. Twenty-five miRNAs were different (P < 0.05) between CHO and CON at REC, with Let7i-5p and miR-195-5p being the most predictive of treatment. In vitro overexpression of Let7i-5p and miR-195-p5 in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of protein breakdown (Foxo1, Trim63, Casp3, and Atf4) genes, ubiquitylation, and protease enzyme activity compared with control. Energy sensing (Prkaa1 and Prkab1) and glycolysis (Gsy1 and Gsk3b) genes were lower (P < 0.05) with Let7i-5p overexpression compared with miR-195-5p and control. Fat metabolism (Cpt1a, Scd1, and Hadha) genes were lower (P < 0.05) in miR-195-5p than in control. These data indicate that consuming CHO after aerobic exercise alters miRNA profiles compared with CON, and these differences may govern mechanisms facilitating muscle recovery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results provide novel insight into effects of carbohydrate intake on the expression of skeletal muscle microRNA during early recovery from aerobic exercise and reveal that Let7i-5p and miR-195-5p are important regulators of skeletal muscle protein breakdown to aid in facilitating muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Marissa N DiBella
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Belcamp, Maryland
| | - Marques A Wilson
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Claire C Whitney
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Emily E Howard
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Donato A Rivas
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Sullivan R, Montgomery A, Scipioni A, Jhaveri P, Schmidt AT, Hicks SD. Confounding Factors Impacting microRNA Expression in Human Saliva: Methodological and Biological Considerations. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101874. [PMID: 36292760 PMCID: PMC9602126 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in saliva microRNAs (miRNAs) as non-invasive biomarkers for human disease. Such an approach requires understanding how differences in experimental design affect miRNA expression. Variations in technical methodologies, coupled with inter-individual variability may reduce study reproducibility and generalizability. Another barrier facing salivary miRNA biomarker research is a lack of recognized “control miRNAs”. In one of the largest studies of human salivary miRNA to date (922 healthy individuals), we utilized 1225 saliva samples to quantify variability in miRNA expression resulting from aligner selection (Bowtie1 vs. Bowtie2), saliva collection method (expectorated vs. swabbed), RNA stabilizer (presence vs. absence), and individual biological factors (sex, age, body mass index, exercise, caloric intake). Differential expression analyses revealed that absence of RNA stabilizer introduced the greatest variability, followed by differences in methods of collection and aligner. Biological factors generally affected a smaller number of miRNAs. We also reported coefficients of variations for 643 miRNAs consistently present in saliva, highlighting several salivary miRNAs to serve as reference genes. Thus, the results of this analysis can be used by researchers to optimize parameters of salivary miRNA measurement, exclude miRNAs confounded by numerous biologic factors, and identify appropriate miRNA controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Austin Montgomery
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Anna Scipioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of Southern Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA
| | - Pooja Jhaveri
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Adam T. Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Steven D. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-717-531-0003
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13
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Piergentili R, Basile G, Nocella C, Carnevale R, Marinelli E, Patrone R, Zaami S. Using ncRNAs as Tools in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment-The Way towards Personalized Medicine to Improve Patients' Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169353. [PMID: 36012617 PMCID: PMC9409241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the first discovery of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dates back to 1958, only in recent years has the complexity of the transcriptome started to be elucidated. However, its components are still under investigation and their identification is one of the challenges that scientists are presently facing. In addition, their function is still far from being fully understood. The non-coding portion of the genome is indeed the largest, both quantitatively and qualitatively. A large fraction of these ncRNAs have a regulatory role either in coding mRNAs or in other ncRNAs, creating an intracellular network of crossed interactions (competing endogenous RNA networks, or ceRNET) that fine-tune the gene expression in both health and disease. The alteration of the equilibrium among such interactions can be enough to cause a transition from health to disease, but the opposite is equally true, leading to the possibility of intervening based on these mechanisms to cure human conditions. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on these mechanisms, illustrating how they can be used for disease treatment, the current challenges and pitfalls, and the roles of environmental and lifestyle-related contributing factors, in addition to the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from their (improper) use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBPM), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Trauma Unit and Emergency Department, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedics Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Head of Legal Medicine Unit, Clinical Institute San Siro, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Renato Patrone
- PhD ICTH, University of Federico II, HPB Department INT F. Pascale IRCCS of Naples, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Forensic Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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14
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Margolis LM, Hatch-McChesney A, Allen JT, DiBella MN, Carrigan CT, Murphy NE, Karl JP, Gwin JA, Hennigar SR, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Circulating and skeletal muscle microRNA profiles are more sensitive to sustained aerobic exercise than energy balance in males. J Physiol 2022; 600:3951-3963. [PMID: 35822542 DOI: 10.1113/jp283209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA profiles are more sensitive to high levels of aerobic exercise-induced energy expenditures compared to energy status Changes in circulating miRNA in response to high levels of daily sustained aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNA. ABSTRACT MicroRNA (miRNA) regulate molecular processes governing muscle metabolism. Physical activity and energy balance influence both muscle anabolism and metabolism, but whether circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA mediate those effects remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of sustained physical activity with participants in energy balance (BAL) or deficit (DEF) on circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA. Using a randomized cross-over design, 10 recreational active healthy males (mean ± SD; 22±5 yrs, 87±11 kg) completed 72 hours of high aerobic exercise-induced energy expenditures in BAL (689±852 kcal/d) or DEF (-2047±920 kcal/d). Blood and muscle samples were collected under rested/fasted conditions before (PRE) and immediately after 120-min load carriage exercise bout at the end (POST) of the 72 hours. Trials were separated by 7 days. Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA were measured using microarray RT-qPCR. Independent of energy status, 36 circulating miRNA decreased (P<0.05), while 10 miRNA increased and 3 miRNA decreased in skeletal muscle (P<0.05) at POST compared to PRE. Of these, miR-122-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-24-3p decreased in circulation and increased in skeletal muscle. Two circulating (miR-145-5p and miR-193a-5p) and 4 skeletal muscle (miR-21-5p, miR-372-3p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-9-5p) miRNA had time-by-treatment effects (P<0.05). These data suggest that changes in miRNA profiles are more sensitive to increased physical activity compared to energy status, and that changes in circulating miRNA in response to high levels of daily aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNA. Graphical abstract legend In response to 72 hours of high aerobic exercise, circulating miRNA decreased and miRNA in skeletal muscle primarily increased. The changes in miRNA occurred independent of energy status (i.e., exercise-induced energy defcit or exercise plus increased energy intake to achieve energy balance), and circulating miRNA did not refect changes in skeletal muscle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | | | - Jillian T Allen
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Technology, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - Marissa N DiBella
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Technology, Belcamp, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Nancy E Murphy
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
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15
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Telles GD, Conceição MS, Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Mori MADS, Derchain S, Ugrinowitsch C. Exercise-Induced Circulating microRNAs: Potential Key Factors in the Control of Breast Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:800094. [PMID: 35784874 PMCID: PMC9244175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Losses in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function are harmful in the pathophysiology of serious diseases, including breast cancer. Physical exercise training is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve health and quality of life in patients with breast cancer, mainly through positive effects on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function. Emerging evidence has also highlighted the potential of exercise-induced crosstalk between skeletal muscle and cancer cells as one of the mechanisms controlling breast cancer progression. This intercellular communication seems to be mediated by a group of skeletal muscle molecules released in the bloodstream known as myokines. Among the myokines, exercise-induced circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are deemed to mediate the antitumoral effects produced by exercise training through the control of key cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, and signal transduction. However, there are still many open questions regarding the molecular basis of the exercise-induced effects on c-miRNA on human breast cancer cells. Here, we present evidence regarding the effect of exercise training on c-miRNA expression in breast cancer, along with the current gaps in the literature and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Defante Telles
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Soares Conceição
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cassaro Vechin
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB—Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves da Silva Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carlos Ugrinowitsch,
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