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Barrons ZB, Esposito MJS, Stefanyshyn DJ, Wannop JW. The traction requirements of female and male basketball players. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach B. Barrons
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - John W. Wannop
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Thomson A, Bleakley C, Holmes W, Hodge E, Paul D, Wannop JW. Rotational traction of soccer football shoes on a hybrid reinforced turf system and natural grass. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2038690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athol Thomson
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Discipline of Podiatry, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Bleakley
- University of Ulster, School of Health & Life Sciences, Jordanstown, UK
| | - Wayne Holmes
- Aspire Logistics, Aspire Zone Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ewen Hodge
- Aspire Sports Turf, Aspire Zone Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Darren Paul
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - John William Wannop
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Wannop JW, Foreman T, Madden R, Stefanyshyn D. Influence of the composition of artificial turf on rotational traction and athlete biomechanics. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1849-1856. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1598923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John William Wannop
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Teague Foreman
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ryan Madden
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Darren Stefanyshyn
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Barrons ZB, Ura D, Bill K, Cooke ES, Wannop JW, Stefanyshyn D. Required traction during common rugby movements. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach B. Barrons
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Ura
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Bill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - John W. Wannop
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren Stefanyshyn
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Thomson A, Whiteley R, Wilson M, Bleakley C. Six different football shoes, one playing surface and the weather; Assessing variation in shoe-surface traction over one season of elite football. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216364. [PMID: 31039209 PMCID: PMC6490939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An optimal range of shoe-surface traction (grip) exists to improve performance and minimise injury risk. Little information exists regarding the magnitude of traction forces at shoe-surface interface across a full season of elite football (soccer) using common football shoes. OBJECTIVE To assess variation in shoe-surface traction of six different football shoe models throughout a full playing season in Qatar encompassing climatic and grass species variations. METHODS Football shoes were loaded onto a portable shoe-surface traction testing machine at five individual testing time points to collect traction data (rotational and translational) on a soccer playing surface across one season. Surface mechanical properties (surface hardness, soil moisture) and climate data (temperature and humidity) were collected at each testing time point. RESULTS Peak rotational traction was significantly different across shoe models (F = 218, df = 5, p <0.0001), shoe outsole groups (F = 316.2, df = 2, p < .0001), and grass species (F = 202.8, df = 4, p < 0.0001). No main effect for shoe model was found for translational traction (F = 2.392, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The rotational (but not translational) traction varied substantially across different shoe types, outsole groups, and grass species. Highest rotational traction values were seen with soft ground outsole (screw-in metal studs) shoes tested on warm season grass. This objective data allows more informed footwear choices for football played in warm/hot climates on sand-based elite football playing surfaces. Further research is required to confirm if these findings extend across other football shoe brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athol Thomson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- University of Ulster, Jordanstown, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathew Wilson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris Bleakley
- University of Ulster, Jordanstown, County Antrim, United Kingdom
- High Point University, High Point, NC, United States of America
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Bisciotti GN, Chamari K, Cena E, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Corsini A, Volpi P. Anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors in football. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1724-1738. [PMID: 31062538 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesion represents one of the most dramatic injuries in a football (soccer) player's career. There are many injury risk factors related to intrinsic (non-modifiable) and/or extrinsic (modifiable) factors of ACL injury. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Research of the studies was conducted until September 2018 without publication data limitation or language restriction on the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI, EXCERPTA. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS To date, evidence from the literature suggests that the risk of ACL injury is multifactorial and involves biomechanical, anatomical, hormonal, and neuromuscular factors. Despite this relative complexity, the mechanisms of injury are well known and rationally classified into two categories: mechanisms of injury based on contact or on non-contact with another player, with the non-contact injury mechanisms clearly prevailing over the mechanisms of contact injury. One of the most frequent biomechanical risk factors, associated with ACL non-contact injury, is represented by the valgus knee in the pivoting and cutting movements and in the landing phase after jumping. Gender-related risk factors show female populations to have a higher predisposition to ACL injury than males However, there are still some theoretical and practical aspects that need further investigation such as; genetic risks together with the role of estrogen and progesterone receptors in female populations, and the in-vivo interaction shoe-playing surface. In particular, the genetic risk factors of ACL lesion seem to be an interesting and promising field of investigation, where considerable progress has still to be made. CONCLUSIONS This narrative review provides an insight into the risk factors of ACL injury that could be used by practitioners for preventing injury in football (soccer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nicola Bisciotti
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar -
| | - Karim Chamari
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emanuele Cena
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Piero Volpi
- FC Internazionale Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Traumatology, Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Meyers MC. Incidence, Mechanisms, and Severity of Game-Related High School Football Injuries Across Artificial Turf Systems of Various Infill Weights. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119832878. [PMID: 30937317 PMCID: PMC6434442 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119832878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Artificial turf surfaces are developed to duplicate playing characteristics of natural grass. With the newer generations of sand and rubber infill systems, the infill is a common component that varies between fields and is a critical factor that could influence the player-surface interaction. Because the influence of infill weight on sport trauma is unknown, this study quantified football trauma in high schools in the United States across artificial turf systems of various infill weights. Hypothesis: Athletes would not experience differences in game-related injuries across artificial turf systems of various infill weights. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Artificial turf systems were divided into 4 sand/rubber infill weight groups by pounds per square foot: ≥9.0, 6.0-8.9, 3.0-5.9, and 0.0-2.9. A total of 57 high schools in 4 states participated over the course of 5 seasons. Outcomes of interest included injury severity, as a function of infill weight, across head, knee, and shoulder traumas; injury category; primary type of injury; tissue type; specific body location of injury; cleat design; environmental factors; and turf age. Data were subject to multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and Wilks λ criteria through use of general linear model procedures. Results: Of 1837 games documented, 528 games were played on infill weights of ≥9.0 lb/ft2, 521 on 6.0-8.9 lb/ft2, 525 on 3.0-5.9 lb/ft2, and 263 on 0.0-2.9 lb/ft2, with 4655 total injuries reported. MANOVAs indicated significant infill weight effects across injury severity (F2,4648 = 5.087; P = .0001), with significant main effects also observed by injury category, tissue injured, lower extremity joint and muscle, cleat design, environmental factors, and turf age. Post hoc analyses indicated significantly lower (P < .05 to .0001) total and substantial traumas, concussions, shoe-surface interaction during contact trauma, surface impacts, muscle-tendon overload, cleat design influence, adverse weather trauma, lower extremity injuries, and turf age effect while athletes were competing on the 6.0 to ≥9.0 lb/ft2 infill weight systems compared with the lighter infill weight systems. Conclusion: As infill surface weight decreased, football trauma significantly increased across numerous playing conditions. Based on findings, high school football fields should minimally contain 6.0 pounds of infill per square foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Meyers
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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Wannop JW, Stefanyshyn DJ, Anderson RB, Coughlin MJ, Kent R. Development of a Footwear Sizing System in the National Football League. Sports Health 2018; 11:40-46. [PMID: 30048212 PMCID: PMC6299345 DOI: 10.1177/1941738118789402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Footwear performance and injury mitigation may be compromised if the footwear
is not properly sized for an athlete. Additionally, poor fit may result in
discomfort and foot injury such as fifth metatarsal stress fracture, foot
deformities, turf toe, and blisters. Current footwear fitting methods
consist of foot length and width measurements, which may not properly
describe the shape of the individual foot, correlated with shoe size
descriptors that are not standardized. Footwear manufacturers employ a range
of sizing rubrics, which introduces shoe size and shape variability between
and even within footwear companies. This article describes the synthesis of
literature to inform the development and deployment of an objective footwear
fitting system in the National Football League (NFL). The process may inform
athletic footwear fitting at other levels of play and in other sports. Evidence Acquisition: Literature related to footwear fitting, sizing, and foot scanning from 1980
through 2017 was compiled using electronic databases. Reference lists of
articles were examined for additional relevant studies. Sixty-five sources
are included in this descriptive review. Study Type: Descriptive review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Current methods of footwear fitting and variability in the size and shape of
athletic footwear complicate proper fitting of footwear to athletes. An
objective measurement and recommendation system that can match the
3-dimensional shape of an athlete’s foot to the internal shape of available
shoe models can provide important guidance for footwear selection. One such
system has been deployed in the NFL. Conclusion: An objective footwear fitting system based on 3-dimensional shape matching of
feet and shoes can facilitate the selection of footwear that properly fits
an athlete’s foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wannop
- Human Performance Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Richard Kent
- Biomechanics Consulting and Research (Biocore), Charlottesville, Virginia.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Neuromechanical adaptations to slippery sport shoes. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 59:212-222. [PMID: 29734063 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although shoe friction has been widely studied in occupational ergonomics, information was lacking about friction in sport shoes. The purpose of the study was to examine the neuromechanical adaptations to different shoe-surface interface in an aerobic-gym specific movement. Sixteen females performed 10 change of direction movements in two shoe conditions differing by their outsoles (ethyl-vinyl-acetate: EVA and rubber: RB) to ensure significant differences in mechanical coefficients of friction (EVA = 0.73 ± 0.07 and RB = 1.46 ± 0.15). The kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities of the right lower-limb were analysed. Statistical parametric mapping was used to investigate the kinematics and kinetics adaptation to the different shoe-surface coefficients of friction. The participants had a longer stance duration in the EVA compared to the RB condition (526 ± 160 ms vs. 430 ± 151 ms, p < .001). The ankle and knee joints powers and works were lower during both the braking and the push-off phases in the EVA as compared to the RB condition. Preactivation of the agonist muscles (soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and vastus medialis) decreased in the EVA compared to the RB condition (-28.5%, -26.5% and -49.0%, respectively). Performing a change of direction movement with slippery shoes reduced the ankle and knee joints loadings, but impaired the stretch-shortening cycle performance. Participants demonstrated thus a different neuromechanical strategy to control their movement which was associated with a reduced performance.
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Searching for the “sweet spot”: the foot rotation and parallel engagement of ankle ligaments in maximizing injury tolerance. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee SJ, Ren Y, Press JM, Lee J, Zhang LQ. Improvement in Offaxis Neuromuscular Control Under Slippery Conditions Following Six-Week Pivoting Leg Neuromuscular Training. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:2084-2093. [PMID: 28541212 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2017.2705664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Knee injuries are usually associated with offaxis loadings in the transverse and frontal planes. Thus, improvement of lower limb offaxis neuromuscular control is important in knee injury prevention and post-injury rehabilitation. The goal of this paper was to investigate the effects of six-week pivoting offaxis intensity adjustable neuromuscular control training (POINT) using a custom-made offaxis elliptical trainer on lower limb offaxis neuromuscular control performance in trained and untrained functional tasks under slippery conditions. Twenty-six subjects participated in 18 sessions of POINT (three sessions per week for six weeks) and 25 subjects served as controls who did a regular workout. Offaxis neuromuscular control performance measures in terms of pivoting instability, sliding instability, and time-to-peak offaxis EMG entropy were evaluated on both groups under slippery conditions including a trained free pivoting task and untrained free sliding task and free pivoting and sliding task. Compared with the control group, the training group significantly decreased pivoting instability and the time-to-peak offaxis EMG entropy in lower limb muscles, indicating improvement in offaxis neuromuscular control performance. Furthermore, the training group showed reduced pivoting instability and sliding instability during the untrained free pivoting and sliding task. This paper may help us develop more focused and effective offaxis training programs to reduce knee injuries associated with offaxis loadings.
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SINCLAIR J, ROONEY E, NAEMI R, ATKINS S, CHOCKALINGAM N. EFFECTS OF FOOTWEAR VARIATIONS ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS AND TIBIAL ACCELERATIONS OF SPECIFIC MOVEMENTS IN AMERICAN FOOTBALL. J MECH MED BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519417500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
American football is associated with a high rate of non-contact chronic injuries. Players are able to select from both high and low cut footwear. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of high and low cut American football specific footwear on tibial accelerations and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics during three sport specific movements. Twelve male American football players performed three movements, run, cut and vertical jump whilst wearing both low and high cut footwear. 3D kinematics of the lower extremities were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system alongside tibial acceleration parameters which were obtained using a shank mounted accelerometer. Tibial acceleration and 3D kinematic differences between the different footwear were examined using either repeated measures or Friedman’s ANOVA. Tibial accelerations were significantly greater in the low cut footwear in comparison to the high cut footwear for the run and cut movements. In addition, peak ankle eversion and tibial internal rotation parameters were shown to be significantly greater in the low cut footwear in the running and cutting movement conditions. The current study indicates that the utilization of low cut American football footwear for training/performance may place American footballers at increased risk from chronic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J SINCLAIR
- Division of Sport Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, School of Sport Tourism and Outdoors, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
| | - E ROONEY
- Division of Sport Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, School of Sport Tourism and Outdoors, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
| | - R NAEMI
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK
| | - S ATKINS
- Division of Sport Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, School of Sport Tourism and Outdoors, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
| | - N CHOCKALINGAM
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK
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Kulessa DJ, Gollhofer A, Gehring D. The influence of football shoe characteristics on athletic performance and injury risk – a review. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2017.1284273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Gehring
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Weaver BT, Fitzsimons K, Braman J, Haut R. The role of shoe design on the prediction of free torque at the shoe-surface interface using pressure insole technology. Sports Biomech 2016; 15:370-84. [PMID: 27240101 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1174287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to expand on previous work to validate the use of pressure insole technology in conjunction with linear regression models to predict the free torque at the shoe-surface interface that is generated while wearing different athletic shoes. Three distinctly different shoe designs were utilised. The stiffness of each shoe was determined with a material's testing machine. Six participants wore each shoe that was fitted with an insole pressure measurement device and performed rotation trials on an embedded force plate. A pressure sensor mask was constructed from those sensors having a high linear correlation with free torque values. Linear regression models were developed to predict free torques from these pressure sensor data. The models were able to accurately predict their own free torque well (RMS error 3.72 ± 0.74 Nm), but not that of the other shoes (RMS error 10.43 ± 3.79 Nm). Models performing self-prediction were also able to measure differences in shoe stiffness. The results of the current study showed the need for participant-shoe specific linear regression models to insure high prediction accuracy of free torques from pressure sensor data during isolated internal and external rotations of the body with respect to a planted foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thomas Weaver
- a Explico Engineering Co. , Novi , MI , USA.,b Orthopaedic Bioemchanics Laboratories , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Kathleen Fitzsimons
- b Orthopaedic Bioemchanics Laboratories , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Jerrod Braman
- b Orthopaedic Bioemchanics Laboratories , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Roger Haut
- b Orthopaedic Bioemchanics Laboratories , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
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Wannop JW, Stefanyshyn DJ. The effect of translational and rotational traction on lower extremity joint loading. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:613-20. [PMID: 26176985 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1066023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked footwear traction to lower extremity non-contact injury; however, these studies mainly focussed on rotational traction exclusively. While studies have shown that increases in traction lead to increases in joint loading, represented by joint moments, these studies failed to determine how the individual components of rotational and translational traction affect joint loading. Therefore, this study investigated how each component of traction independently affects lower extremity joint loading. Traction testing was performed using a robotic testing machine on three shoes that had independent alterations of translational and rotational traction. All testing was conducted on a sample piece of artificial turf. Kinematic and kinetic data were then collected on 10 athletes performing two cutting movements in each shoe condition. As rotational and translational traction were independently altered, decreased rotational traction led to significant decreases in transverse and frontal plane joint loading at the ankle and knee joints, while increases in translational traction led to increases in frontal plane joint loading at the ankle and knee joints. Increases in joint loading in the transverse and frontal planes are one of the possible mechanisms of lower extremity non-contact injury. Both translational and rotational traction can independently alter the joint loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wannop
- a Human Performance Lab , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
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Thomson A, Whiteley R, Bleakley C. Higher shoe-surface interaction is associated with doubling of lower extremity injury risk in football codes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:1245-52. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Orchard JW, Waldén M, Hägglund M, Orchard JJ, Chivers I, Seward H, Ekstrand J. Comparison of injury incidences between football teams playing in different climatic regions. Open Access J Sports Med 2013; 4:251-60. [PMID: 24379731 PMCID: PMC3862696 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s52417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Australian Football League (AFL) teams in northern (warmer) areas generally have higher rates of injury than those in southern (cooler) areas. Conversely, in soccer (football) in Europe, teams in northern (cooler) areas have higher rates of injury than those in southern (warmer) areas, with an exception being knee anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, which are more common in the southern (warmer) parts of Europe. This study examined relative injury incidence in the AFL comparing 9,477 injuries over 229,827 player-weeks from 1999–2012. There was a slightly higher injury incidence for teams from warmer parts of Australia (relative risk [RR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.10) with quadriceps strains (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.58), knee cartilage injuries (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16–1.74), and ankle sprains (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.00–1.37) all being more likely in warmer region teams. Achilles injuries followed a reverse pattern, tending to be more common in cooler region teams (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.47–1.03). In conclusion, common findings from the AFL and European soccer are that ankle sprains and ACL injuries are generally more likely in teams playing in warmer climate zones, whereas Achilles tendinopathy may be more likely in teams playing in cooler zones. These injuries may have climate or surface risk factors (possibly related to types and structure of grass and shoe-surface traction) that are universal across different football codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Orchard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Waldén
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jessica J Orchard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hugh Seward
- Australian Football League Medical Officers Association, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Ekstrand
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Orchard J. Research on products such as artificial turf is potentially exposed to the same types of industry bias as research on pharmaceuticals. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47:725-6. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jaworski CA. Latest Clinical Research Published by ACSM. Curr Sports Med Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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