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Khaleghi MM, Jamshidi A, Afrashteh S, Emamat H, Farhadi A, Nabipour I, Jalaliyan Z, Malekizadeh H, Larijani B. The association of body composition and fat distribution with hypertension in community-dwelling older adults: the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2001. [PMID: 37833665 PMCID: PMC10576374 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of the global burden of disability and premature mortality has caused by hypertension. It seems that the relationship between obesity and hypertension is not only associated with excessive body fat mass (FM) but also with body adipose distribution patterns. The present study investigated the association between regional fat distribution using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hypertension in older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed using the data from Bushehr Elderly Health Program (BEH) on a total of 2419 participants aged 60 and over. Hypertension was defined as SBP of at least 140 mmHg and/or DBP of at least 90 mmHg. SBP between 120 and 139 mmHg and/or a DBP between 80 and 89 mmHg were considered prehypertension. Participants underwent body composition measurement by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to analyze FM, fat-free mass (FFM) in trunk and extremities composition. RESULTS The results showed that 460 (19.02%) of participants had prehypertension, and 1,818 (75.15% ) had hypertension. The odds of having prehypertension (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.12) and hypertension (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.13) increased with a rise in total body FM percentage. Moreover, people with a higher FM to FFM ratio had increased odds of being prehypertensive (OR: 9.93, 95%CI: 1.28-76.99) and hypertensive (OR: 16.15, 95%CI: 2.47-105.52). Having a higher android to gynoid FM ratio was related to increased odds of being prehypertensive and hypertensive. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a higher body FM, particularly in the android region, is associated with higher odds of having hypertension in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Malekizadeh
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rahmani M, Ardalan A, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M, Jeddi M, Heydari ST, Dabbaghmanesh MH. Probabilistic prediction of segmental body composition in Iranian children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:524. [PMID: 36057547 PMCID: PMC9440596 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents' body composition is considered an important measure to evaluate health status. An examination of any of the segmental compartments by anthropometric indices is a more usable method than direct methods. Objectives To propose a method based on the network approach for predicting segmental body composition components in adolescent boys and girls using anthropometric measurements. Methods A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) dataset in the south of Iran, including 476 adolescents (235 girls and 241 boys) with a range of 9–18 years, was obtained. Several anthropometric prediction models based on the network approach were fitted to the training dataset (TRD 80%) using bnlearn, an R add-in package. The best fitted models were applied to the validation dataset (VAD 20%) to assess the prediction accuracy. Results Present equations consisting of age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and hip circumference accounted for 0.85 (P < 0.001) of the variability of DXA values in the corresponding age groups of boys. Similarly, reasonable estimates of DXA values could be obtained from age, weight, height, and BMI in girls over 13 years, and from age, weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference in girls under 13 years, respectively, of 0.77 and 0.83 (P < 0.001). Correlations between robust Gaussian Bayesian network (RGBN) predictions and DXA measurements were highly significant, averaging 0.87 for boys and 0.82 for girls (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results revealed that, based on the present study’s predictive models, adolescents' body composition might be estimated by input anthropometric information. Given the flexibility and modeling of the present method to test different motivated hypotheses, its application to body compositional data is highly appealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahmani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Ardalan
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Jeddi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Visaria A, Lo D, Maniar P, Dave B, Joshi P. Leg and arm adiposity is inversely associated with diastolic hypertension in young and middle-aged United States adults. Clin Hypertens 2022; 28:3. [PMID: 35031064 PMCID: PMC8760692 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-021-00190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the association between appendicular adiposity and hypertension, with the purpose of better understanding the role of body fat distribution on blood pressure (BP). METHODS We included 7411 adults aged 20 to 59 who were not taking antihypertensives and without cardiovascular disease from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Leg & arm adiposity, determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, was defined as percent of total body fat present in legs/arms (leg/total%, arm/total%). Measures were categorized into sex-specific tertiles. We estimated change in BP and odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension (BP ≥ 130/80) and hypertension subtypes using multivariable, survey design-adjusted linear & logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Of the participants, 49% were female, the average (standard deviation) age was 37.4 (0.3) years, and 24% had hypertension. Those in the highest tertile (T3) of leg/total% had 30% decreased adjusted ORs (aOR) of hypertension compared to the lowest tertile (T1; aOR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.55-0.89). This association was not significant for arm/total% (0.89, 0.68-1.17). T3 of leg/total% was associated with 49% lower, 41% lower, and unchanged relative odds of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) compared to T1 (IDH: 0.51, 0.37-0.70; SDH: 0.59, 0.43-0.80; ISH: 1.06, 0.70-1.59). For every 10% increase in leg/total%, diastolic BP decreased by an adjusted mean 3.5 mmHg (95% CI, - 4.8 to - 2.2) in males and 1.8 mmHg (95% CI, - 2.8 to - 0.8) in females (P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS A greater proportional distribution of fat around the legs is inversely, independently associated with hypertension, and more specifically, diastolic hypertension (IDH and SDH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Visaria
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA. .,North American Disease Intervention, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - David Lo
- North American Disease Intervention, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Pranay Maniar
- North American Disease Intervention, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bhoomi Dave
- New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Parag Joshi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Relationship between arm-to-leg and limbs-to-trunk body composition ratio and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17414. [PMID: 34465815 PMCID: PMC8408188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the relationship of the distribution of body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in the limbs and trunk with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RF). In total, 13,032 adults were selected from the KNHANES (2008–2011). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the arm-to-leg ratio and limbs-to-trunk ratio for FM and FFM was compared, respectively. The higher the arm-to-leg FM ratio, the higher the prevalence of CVD-RF (DM-male-OR 7.04, 95% CI 4.22–11.74; DM-female-OR 10.57, 95% CI 5.80–19.26; MetS-male-OR 4.47, 95% CI 3.41- 5.86; MetS-female-OR 8.73, 95% CI 6.38–11.95). The higher the limbs-to-trunk FM ratio (DM-male-OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.07–0.21; DM-female-OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.06–0.23; MetS-male-OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.04–0.08; MetS-female-OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.04), the higher the limbs-to-trunk FFM ratio (DM-male-OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.11–0.31; DM-female-OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.70; MetS-male-OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.31–0.50; MetS-female-OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50–0.78), and the higher the arm-to-leg FFM ratio (MetS-male-OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.94; MetS-female-OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58–0.92), the lower the prevalence of CVD-RF. The higher the FM of the legs compared to the arms, FFM of the arms compared to the legs, and FM or FFM of the limbs compared to the trunk, the lower the prevalence of CVD-RF.
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Abreu JDMFD, Abreu SLLD, Bragança MLBM, Cavalcante LFP, França AKTDC, Ribeiro CCC, Lamy Filho F. Birth by cesarean delivery and central adiposity in adolescents from a birth cohort. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00033320. [PMID: 33503161 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00033320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between birth by cesarean section and central adiposity in adolescents in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. This was a cohort study that included 601 participants evaluated at birth and at 18-19 years. At birth we assessed type of delivery, maternal education, family income, maternal marital status, maternal body mass index before pregnancy, prenatal care, maternal smoking habit, gestational age at delivery and intrauterine growth restriction. In the adolescents, we evaluated central adiposity using the dual X-ray energy absorptiometry method. The indicators of central fat used were the trunk-to-total fat mass ratio (T/T), the android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio (A/G), the trunk-to-limb fat mass ratio (T/Lb), and the trunk-to-leg fat mass ratio (T/Lg). A theoretical model for the study of associations was developed using directed acyclic graphs, which allowed selecting the variables that required minimum adjustment for inclusion in the predictive model of exposure to cesarean delivery. The data were analyzed with marginal structural models weighted by the inverse of the probability of selection. A total of 38.6% of the adolescents studied were delivered by cesarean section. There was no significant difference in the central adiposity of adolescents delivered by cesarean section according to the indicators used: T/T ( coefficient = -0.003; 95%CI: -0.013; 0.007), A/G (coefficient = 0.001; 95%CI: -0.015; 0.018); T/Lb (coefficient = -0.016; 95%CI: -0.048; 0.016); T/Lg (coefficient = 0.014; 95%CI: -0.060; 0.030). In conclusion, there was no association between cesarean section delivery and greater central adiposity in the studied adolescents.
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Kouda K, Iki M, Fujita Y, Nakamura H, Hamada M, Uenishi K, Miyake M, Nishiyama T. Trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio predicts a subsequent blood pressure in normal-weight pubertal boys: a 3-year follow-up of the Kitakata Kids Health Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:41. [PMID: 32819267 PMCID: PMC7441546 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between central-to-peripheral fat ratio measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and subsequent cardiometabolic risk in both pediatric and adult populations. METHODS The present cohort study investigated the relationship between DXA-measured body fat distribution and cardiometabolic parameters. The source population was 275 4th-6th graders (aged 9.6-12.6 years) in the northeast region of Japan (Shiokawa area in Kitakata). A 3-year follow-up was conducted to obtain complete information from 155 normal-weight children (87 boys and 68 girls). Normal-weight children were identified using sex- and age-specific international cut-offs for body mass index (BMI) based on adult BMI values of 25 kg/m2 and 18.5 kg/m2, respectively. Body fat distribution was assessed using the trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) measured by DXA. RESULTS In boys, systolic blood pressure (SBP) at follow-up showed a significant relationship with TAR at baseline after adjusting for age, height, pubic hair appearance, SBP, and whole body fat at baseline (β = 0.24, P < 0.05), and SBP also showed a significant relationship with TLR after adjusting for confounding factors including whole body fat (β = 0.25, P < 0.05). In girls, there were no significant relationships between blood pressure and TAR/TLR. CONCLUSION Body fat distribution in normal-weight boys predicted subsequent blood pressure levels in adolescence. The relationship between fat distribution and blood pressure was independent of fat volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Harunobu Nakamura
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masami Hamada
- Department of Nursing, Chukyo Gakuin University, 2216 Toki-cho, Mizunami, Gifu, 509-6192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Mari Miyake
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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High blood pressure and its relationship to adiposity in a school-aged population: body mass index vs waist circumference. Hypertens Res 2017; 41:135-140. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kouda K, Dongmei N, Tamaki J, Iki M, Tachiki T, Kajita E, Nakatani Y, Uenishi K, Kagamimori S, Kagawa Y, Yoneshima H. Relative Importance of Central and Peripheral Adiposities on Cardiometabolic Variables in Females: A Japanese Population-Based Study. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:58-65. [PMID: 27216083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In epidemiological studies, there is little evidence regarding the relative impact of central adiposity and peripheral adiposity on cardiometabolic risk factors, especially in Asian populations. This study investigated associations between central-to-peripheral fat ratios and cardiometabolic variables using data from a population-based study of Japanese women. The source population was composed of 1800 women aged 50 yr or older at the 15th- to 16th-yr follow-up survey of the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis Cohort Study. This study analyzed cross-sectional data from 998 women for whom complete information about body fat variables according to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic variables, and potential confounding factors was available. Both before and after adjusting for potential confounding factors, trunk-to-appendicular fat ratios showed significant (p < 0.05) correlations with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, serum lipids, and hemoglobin A1c levels. Relationships between fat ratios and cardiometabolic variables were independent of relationships between fat volumes (in whole body or in trunk) and cardiometabolic variables. Furthermore, relationships between trunk-to-appendicular fat ratios and cardiometabolic variables were observed among women in the lowest tertile of total body fat (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, β = 0.08; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, β = -0.32; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, β = 0.15; and hemoglobin A1C, β = 0.16; p < 0.05, respectively). Central adiposity is more related to cardiometabolic variables than peripheral adiposity. Information on central-to-peripheral fat ratios is particularly valuable for the evaluation of relatively thin Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Namiraa Dongmei
- Department of Orthopedic Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tachiki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kajita
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakatani
- Department of Nursing Science, Fukui Prefectural University Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare Sciences, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
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Kouda K, Nakamura H, Ohara K, Fujita Y, Iki M. Increased Ratio of Trunk-to-Appendicular Fat and Decreased Adiponectin: A Population-Based Study of School Children in Hamamatsu, Japan. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:66-72. [PMID: 26655234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Very few epidemiological studies have examined the relative impact of visceral fat and subcutaneous fat on serum adiponectin levels. Trunk-to-extremity fat ratio is reportedly a better surrogate for visceral fat than for subcutaneous fat. In the present study, we investigated the association between adiponectin and trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) in a school population. The source population was all fifth graders (799 pupils) enrolled in the 2 elementary schools in Hamamatsu, Japan. Of the source population, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 609 children (mean age: 11.2 yr). TAR was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and calculated as trunk fat mass divided by appendicular (arms and legs) fat mass. After stratification by tertiles of total body fat, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between adiponectin and TAR adjusted for potential confounding factors. In the highest tertile of total body fat, increasing TARs were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with decreasing serum adiponectin levels after stratification by total body fat (β = -0.32 in boys; β = -0.31 in girls). In the second tertile of total body fat, TAR in girls also showed significant inverse relationships with serum adiponectin levels (β = -0.27). Data from this population-based study demonstrated that an increased proportion of trunk fat is associated with decreased adiponectin in relatively overweight children, and also demonstrated that girls with a normal volume of body fat that follows a more centralized distribution show decreased adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
| | - Harunobu Nakamura
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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Kishimoto I. Trunk-to-Leg Fat Ratio - An Emerging Early Marker of Childhood Adiposity, and Future Cardiometabolic Risks. Circ J 2016; 80:1707-9. [PMID: 27430250 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kishimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Toyooka Public Hospital
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Kouda K, Ohara K, Fujita Y, Nakamura H, Iki M. Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat - Three-Year Follow-up Study. Circ J 2016; 80:1838-45. [PMID: 27295997 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have examined the relationship between fat distribution measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and blood pressure (BP), and no cohort study has targeted a pediatric population. METHODS AND RESULTS The source population comprised all students registered as fifth graders in the 2 elementary schools in Hamamatsu, Japan. Of these, 258 children participated in both baseline (at age 11) and follow-up (at age 14) surveys. Body fat distribution was assessed using trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) measured by DXA. Relationships between BP levels and fat distribution (TAR or TLR) were examined after stratification by tertiles of whole-body fat.Systolic BP at follow-up was significantly (P<0.05) associated with both TAR (boys, β=0.33; girls β=0.36) and TLR (girls β=0.35) at baseline, after adjusting for confounding factors such as baseline BP in the lowest tertile of whole-body fat. Moreover, adjusted means of systolic and diastolic BPs in girls showed a significant increase from the lowest to highest tertile of TAR within the lowest tertile of whole-body fat. CONCLUSIONS Body fat distribution in childhood could predict subsequent BP levels in adolescence. Children with a relatively low body fat that is more centrally distributed tended to show relatively high BP later on. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1838-1845).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
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Guo B, Wu Q, Gong J, Xiao Z, Tang Y, Shang J, Cheng Y, Xu H. Gender Difference in Body Fat for Healthy Chinese Children and Adolescents. Child Obes 2016; 12:144-54. [PMID: 26974254 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2015.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish gender-related differences and the percentile curves for total body fat mass percentage (Total FM%), trunk/appendicular fat mass ratio (TrAppFMR), and fat mass ratio as % fat trunk/% fat lower limb (TrLLFMR) in Chinese children and adolescents using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS Children (n = 1541; 764 girls) and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years were recruited from southern China. Total FM% and regional FM were measured by DXA. TrAppFMR values were calculated as trunk FM divided by appendicular FM, and TrLLFMR values were calculated as the ratio between the percentage of trunk FM and the percentage of lower limb FM. RESULTS Total FM% peaks for boys were at approximately age 11 years and continued to increase for girls throughout adolescence. Median Total FM% at the age of 19 years was 15.53% and 28.06% for boys and girls, respectively. Median TrAppFMR and TrLLFMR increases were 61% and 81% from 5 to 19 years of age in boys compared with those in girls, 31% and 54%. The curves for median TrAppFMR and TrLLFMR in girls were relatively flat, with TrAppFMR and TrLLFMR remaining near 1.0 after 16 years of age, whereas in boys, median TrAppFMR and TrLLFMR increased with age until approximately 19 years. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences in the patterns of proportion and distribution of body fat were found. We present sex-specific percentile curves for Total FM%-age, TrAppFMR-age, and TrLLFMR-age relationships in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulian Wu
- 2 Department of Nursing, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Gong
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Tang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Shang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, China
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Wu T, Ling QY, Zhong C, Wang TX, Wang LL, Wang XY, Su ZL, Zong GJ. Expression of BMP4 in myocardium and vascular tissue of obese mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:8. [PMID: 25678859 PMCID: PMC4326186 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a proinflammatory and profibrotic factor, and the reduced expression of this molecule in obese mice seems to be inconsistent with the known proinflammatory effects of obesity. Therefore, we studied BMP4 expression and inflammation in the myocardial tissue and aortas of obese mice. Methods and Results Four-week-old ob/ob mice were used as the experimental group, and C57BL/6 mice comprised the control group. Animals were sacrificed after a 12-week full diet, and then the blood, heart, abdominal aorta, and inguinal adipose tissue were collected. The expression of BMP4 mRNA and protein in the heart and aorta was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, but expression was lower in adipose tissue. Inflammation measured by the expression of IL-1β and IL-9 mRNA and protein and Smad1 and phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 protein in the heart and aorta was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, the expression of BMP4 in the serum was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion BMP4 is significantly overexpressed in the myocardial tissue and aortas of obese mice, and mediates local inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Clinical Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qiu-Yang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Clinical Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tian-Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhao-Liang Su
- Central Laboratory, Zhenjiang No.4 People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Gang-Jun Zong
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Clinical Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China ; Department of Cardiology, 101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province China
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Kim TN, Park MS, Ryu JY, Choi HY, Hong HC, Yoo HJ, Kang HJ, Song W, Park SW, Baik SH, Newman AB, Choi KM. Impact of visceral fat on skeletal muscle mass and vice versa in a prospective cohort study: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). PLoS One 2014; 9:e115407. [PMID: 25517117 PMCID: PMC4269440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sarcopenia and visceral obesity have been suggested to aggravate each other, resulting in a vicious cycle. However, evidence based on prospective study is very limited. Our purpose was to investigate whether visceral fat promotes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and vice versa. Methods We observed changes in anthropometric and body composition data during a follow-up period of 27.6±2.8 months in 379 Korean men and women (mean age 51.9±14.6 years) from the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). Appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) mass was calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using computed tomography at baseline and follow-up examination. Results ALST mass significantly decreased, whereas trunk and total fat mass increased in both men and women despite no significant change in weight and body mass index. In particular, women with visceral obesity at baseline had a greater decrease in ALST mass than those without visceral obesity (P = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline VFA was an independent negative predictor of the changes in ALST after adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, life style and body composition parameters, insulin resistance, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and vitamin D levels (P = 0.001), whereas the association between baseline ALST mass and changes in VFA was not statistically significant (P = 0.555). Conclusions This longitudinal study showed that visceral obesity was associated with future loss of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. These results may provide novel insight into sarcopenic obesity in an aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Nyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Man Sik Park
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Young Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Yoon Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Kang
- Sports Medicine, Division of Physical Education, Soonchunhyang University, A-San, Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Pochon, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kouda K, Fujita Y, Sato Y, Ohara K, Nakamura H, Uenishi K, Iki M. Fat mass is positively associated with bone mass in relatively thin adolescents: data from the Kitakata Kids Health Study. Bone 2014; 64:298-302. [PMID: 24792957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have found that higher body weight is associated with better bone health. Body weight consists of both fat mass (FM) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM). Previous studies have examined the effects of FM levels during childhood on bone health, with conflicting results. In the present study, we investigated the independent contributions of FM to bone mass in Japanese adolescents. Subjects were 235 adolescents aged 15-18 years old in August 2010 and in August 2013 from the Kitakata Kids Health Study in Japan. We obtained cross-sectional data on body composition as well as bone mineral density (BMD). Body composition and BMD were measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. We found moderate and positive relationships between FM index and LSTM index (males, r=0.69; females, r=0.44). To verify a potentially additive effect of FM on the variance of bone variables beyond LSTM, we assessed the association between FM index and bone variables after stratification by tertiles of the LSTM index. In the lowest tertile of the LSTM index, FM index was significantly (P<0.05) associated with both femoral neck BMD (males, β=0.48; females, β=0.33) and whole body BMC (males, β=0.41; females, β=0.25). On the other hand, we found no significant associations between FM index and bone variables in other tertiles of the LSTM index. These findings indicate that FM can influence how high bone mass is obtained among relatively thin adolescents, but not among those who are of normal weight or overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yuho Sato
- Department of Human Life, Jin-ai University, 3-1-1 Ote, Echizen, Fukui 915-0015, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Harunobu Nakamura
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uenishi
- Laboratory of Physiological Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0214, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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Toyoshima H, Otsuka R, Hashimoto S, Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H. Body mass index-modified relationship of chronic mental stress with resting blood pressure during 5 years in Japanese middle-aged male workers. Circ J 2014; 78:1379-86. [PMID: 24705468 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic mental stress has been reported to be directly or inversely proportional to blood pressure (BP). To explain this inconsistent relationship, we assumed effect-modification by body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 1,673 Japanese male local government employees who were not taking antihypertensive drugs or had no history of cardiovascular disease. BP and BMI were recorded at yearly health checkups. Exposure to mental stress, smoking, drinking, exercising, and salty taste were checked by questionnaire in 1997 and 2002. The main effect and interaction of stress and BMI on the averages and changes of resting systolic and diastolic BPs over the 5 years were assessed by a general linear model by adjusting for confounders. Obesity (BMI ≥25kg/m(2)) was significantly related with higher average systolic and diastolic BPs (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively), whereas mental stress was not, showing a significantly different relationship dependent on BMI (P for interaction =0.002, 0.004): a significant and directly proportional association with systolic and diastolic BPs (P=0.001, 0.001) in the obese, but borderline significant and inversely proportional association (P=0.07, 0.08) in the lean. Only BMI was significantly related to the degree of BP change. CONCLUSIONS Whereas BMI was proportionally associated with BP, BMI was a modifier which, depending on its level, inverted the direction of the association between chronic mental stress and resting BP.
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Kouda K, Nakamura H, Fujita Y, Ohara K, Iki M. Vitamin D status and body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a general population of Japanese children. Nutrition 2013; 29:1204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fujita Y, Kouda K, Nakamura H, Nishio N, Takeuchi H, Iki M. Growth-related disappearance of the childhood relationship between height and blood pressure levels. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 41:91-3. [PMID: 23931557 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.822558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although there is a positive relationship between height and blood pressure (BP) levels in children, there are no reports regarding the association between height and BP levels in adolescents and adults. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether there is an association between height and BP levels in Japanese adolescents. METHODS The source population was all fifth (10 and 11-year-olds) and ninth graders (14 and 15-year-olds) who attended 11 elementary schools and five junior high schools in the Iwata area from 2002-2008. School-based screenings were conducted annually by the local government from April to June. Data obtained from health examinations were analysed, including anthropometric measurements and BP levels, for 11 780 children (98.7% of the source population). RESULTS Height showed significant positive relationships with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in childhood and in adolescent males. In contrast, the relationship between height and SBP was significantly weaker in adolescent females than in childhood and there was no significant relationship between height and DBP in adolescent females. CONCLUSION The relationship between height and SBP was attenuated by development in females and the relationship between height and DBP disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine , Osaka-Sayama , Japan
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