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Khan MS, Smego D, Ishidoya Y, Hirahara AM, Offei E, Ruiz Castillo MS, Gharbia O, Li H, Palatinus JA, Krueger L, Hong T, Hoareau GL, Ranjan R, Selzman CH, Shaw RM, Dosdall DJ. A canine model of chronic ischemic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H751-H761. [PMID: 36961487 PMCID: PMC10151054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00647.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical large animal models of chronic heart failure (HF) are crucial to both understanding pathological remodeling and translating fundamental discoveries into novel therapeutics for HF. Canine models of ischemic cardiomyopathy are historically limited by either high early mortality or failure to develop chronic heart failure. Twenty-nine healthy adult dogs (30 ± 4 kg, 15/29 male) underwent thoracotomy followed by one of three types of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation procedures: group 1 (n = 4) (simple LAD: proximal and distal LAD ligation); group 2 (n = 14) (simple LAD plus lateral wall including ligation of the distal first diagonal and proximal first obtuse marginal); and group 3 (n = 11) (total LAD devascularization or TLD: simple LAD plus ligation of proximal LAD branches to both the right and left ventricles). Dogs were followed until chronic severe HF developed defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% and NH2-terminal-prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) > 900 pmol/L. Overall early survival (48-h postligation) in 29 dogs was 83% and the survival rate at postligation 5 wk was 69%. Groups 1 and 2 had 100% and 71% early survival, respectively, yet only a 50% success rate of developing chronic HF. Group 3 had excellent survival at postligation 48 h (91%) and a 100% success in the development of chronic ischemic HF. The TLD approach, which limits full LAD and collateral flow to its perfusion bed, provides excellent early survival and reliable development of chronic ischemic HF in canine hearts.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel total left anterior descending devascularization (TLD) approach in a canine ischemic heart failure model limits collateral flow in the ischemic zone and provides excellent early survival and repeatable development of chronic ischemic heart failure in the canine heart. This work provides a consistent large animal model for investigating heart failure mechanisms and testing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Douglas Smego
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Yuki Ishidoya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Annie M Hirahara
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Emmanuel Offei
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Martha S Ruiz Castillo
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Omar Gharbia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Joseph A Palatinus
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Lauren Krueger
- Office of Comparative Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - TingTing Hong
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Guillaume L Hoareau
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Derek J Dosdall
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. Experimental heart failure models in small animals. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:533-554. [PMID: 36504404 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most critical health and economic burdens worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. HF is a disease that occurs due to a pathological change arising from the function or structure of the heart tissue and usually progresses. Numerous experimental HF models have been created to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause HF. An understanding of the pathophysiology of HF is essential for the development of novel efficient therapies. During the past few decades, animal models have provided new insights into the complex pathogenesis of HF. Success in the pathophysiology and treatment of HF has been achieved by using animal models of HF. The development of new in vivo models is critical for evaluating treatments such as gene therapy, mechanical devices, and new surgical approaches. However, each animal model has advantages and limitations, and none of these models is suitable for studying all aspects of HF. Therefore, the researchers have to choose an appropriate experimental model that will fully reflect HF. Despite some limitations, these animal models provided a significant advance in the etiology and pathogenesis of HF. Also, experimental HF models have led to the development of new treatments. In this review, we discussed widely used experimental HF models that continue to provide critical information for HF patients and facilitate the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Türkiye.
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Wang K, Han P, Huang L, Xiao Y, Hou J, Yang P, Xie Y, Cai J, Wang H, Kang YJ. An Improved Monkey Model of Myocardial Ischemic Infarction for Cardiovascular Drug Development. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:787-801. [PMID: 35739384 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primate monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction is precious for translational medicine research. Ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery is a common procedure to induce myocardial ischemic infarction. However, the consistency of the myocardial infarction thus generated remains problematic. The present study was undertaken to critically evaluate the monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction to develop a procedure for a consistent cross-study comparison. Forty male Rhesus monkeys were divided into 4 groups and subjected to LAD artery ligation at different levels along the artery. In addition, the major diagonal branch was selectively ligated parallel to the ligation site of the LAD artery according to the diagonal branch distribution. Analyses of MRI, echocardiography, cardiac hemodynamics, electrocardiography, histopathology, and cardiac injury biomarkers were undertaken to characterize the monkeys with myocardial infarction. Ligation at 40% of the total length of the artery, measured from the apex end, produced variable infarct areas with inconsistent functional alterations. Ligation at 60% or above coupled with selective ligation of diagonal branches produced a consistent myocardial infarction with uniform dysfunction. However, ligation at 70% caused a lethal threat. After a thorough analysis, it is concluded that ligation at 60% of the total length coupled with selective ligation of diagonal branches, enables standardization of the location of occlusion and the subsequent ischemic area, as well as avoids the influence of the diagonal branches, are ideal to produce a consistent monkey model of myocardial ischemic infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianglong Hou
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingliang Yang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Xindu, 610050, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Xie
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jindan Cai
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, Hubei, China
| | - Hongge Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Janssen PML, Elnakish MT. Modeling heart failure in animal models for novel drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:355-363. [PMID: 30861352 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1582636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When investigating drugs that treat heart diseases, it is critical when choosing an animal model for the said model to produce data that is translatable to the human patient population, while keeping in mind the principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement of the animal model in the research. Areas covered: In this review, the authors focus on mammalian models developed to study the impact of drug treatments on human heart failure. Furthermore, the authors address human patient variability and animal model invariability as well as the considerations that need to be made regarding choice of species. Finally, the authors discuss some of the most common models for the two most prominent human heart failure etiologies; increased load on the heart and myocardial ischemia. Expert opinion: In the authors' opinion, the data generated by drug studies is often heavily impacted by the choice of species and the physiologically relevant conditions under which the data are collected. Approaches that use multiple models and are not restricted to small rodents but involve some verification on larger mammals or on human myocardium, are needed to advance drug discovery for the very large patient population that suffers from heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M L Janssen
- a Department of Physiology and Cell Biology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,b Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,c Department of Internal Medicine , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad T Elnakish
- a Department of Physiology and Cell Biology , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA.,b Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute , The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH, USA
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Zhang H, Cui YC, Tian Y, Yuan WM, Yang JZ, Peng P, Li K, Liu XP, Zhang D, Wu AL, Zhou Z, Tang Y. A novel model for evaluating thrombolytic therapy in dogs with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:21. [PMID: 26811249 PMCID: PMC4727275 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is still no standard large animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of potential thrombolytic therapies. Here, we aimed to develop a new beagle model with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by injecting autologous emboli with similar components of coronary thrombus. Methods 18 male beagles were included and divided into three groups: red embolus group (n = 6), white embolus group (n = 6) or white embolus + rt-PA group (n = 6). Autologous emboli were infused into the mid-distal region of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The composition of embolus was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Coronary angiography was performed to verify the status of embolism. Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2, 3, 5- triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Results Red thrombus was characteristic of loose reticular structure of erythrocytes under SEM, while the white embolus had compacted structure that mainly consisted of a dense mass of fibrin. Coronary angiography showed the recanalization rate was 2/6 in the red embolus group versus 0/6 in the white embolus group in three hours after occlusion. Arrhythmia, resolution of ST-segment elevation and lower T wave on the electrocardiogram appeared in the red embolus group but not in the white embolus group. Another six dogs with white thrombi were treated with rt-PA. Five out of six dogs exhibited coronary recanalization after two hours of therapy, compared to zero dogs without rt-PA treatment. The size of myocardial infarction in rt-PA group reduced significantly compared with white embolus group using TTC staining method. Conclusions The white embolism model was more convenient experimentally and had a higher uniformity, stability and success rate. The major innovation of our study is that we applied fibrin-rich white thrombi to establish beagle model possessing features of clinically observed coronary thrombi in time window of intravenous thrombolysis of STEMI. This model can be used to evaluate new thrombolytic drugs for the treatment of STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chun Cui
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Yuan
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Yang
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Li Wu
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Yue Tang
- Animal Experiment Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
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Varga-Szemes A, Kiss P, Brott BC, Wang D, Simor T, Elgavish GA. Embozene™ microspheres induced nonreperfused myocardial infarction in an experimental swine model. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 81:689-97. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pal Kiss
- Elgavish Paramagnetics Inc.; Birmingham; Alabama
| | - Brigitta C. Brott
- Department of Medicine; Division of Cardiovascular Disease; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham; Alabama
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Pathology; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham; Alabama
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Tomasulo CE, Pritchette LA, Bridges CR. Model-specific selection of molecular targets for heart failure gene therapy. J Gene Med 2012; 13:573-86. [PMID: 21954055 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex multifaceted problem of abnormal ventricular function and structure. In recent years, new information has been accumulated allowing for a more detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular alterations that are the underpinnings of diverse causes of HF, including myocardial ischemia, pressure-overload, volume-overload or intrinsic cardiomyopathy. Modern pharmacological approaches to treat HF have had a significant impact on the course of the disease, although they do not reverse the underlying pathological state of the heart. Therefore gene-based therapy holds a great potential as a targeted treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we survey the relative therapeutic efficacy of genetic modulation of β-adrenergic receptor signaling, Ca(2+) handling proteins and angiogenesis in the most common extrinsic models of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Transauricular embolization of the rabbit coronary artery for experimental myocardial infarction: comparison of a minimally invasive closed-chest model with open-chest surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 7:16. [PMID: 22330077 PMCID: PMC3307024 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To date, most animal studies of myocardial ischemia have used open-chest models with direct surgical coronary artery ligation. We aimed to develop a novel, percutaneous, minimally-invasive, closed-chest model of experimental myocardial infarction (EMI) in the New Zealand White rabbit and compare it with the standard open-chest surgical model in order to minimize local and systemic side-effects of major surgery. Methods New Zealand White rabbits were handled in conformity with the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" and underwent EMI under intravenous anesthesia. Group A underwent EMI with an open-chest method involving surgical tracheostomy, a mini median sternotomy incision and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation with a plain suture, whereas Group B underwent EMI with a closed-chest method involving fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transauricular intra-arterial access, superselective LAD catheterization and distal coronary embolization with a micro-coil. Electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac enzymes and transcatheter left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) measurements were recorded. Surviving animals were euthanized after 4 weeks and the hearts were harvested for Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-trichrome staining. Results In total, 38 subjects underwent EMI with a surgical (n = 17) or endovascular (n = 21) approach. ST-segment elevation (1.90 ± 0.71 mm) occurred sharply after surgical LAD ligation compared to progressive ST elevation (2.01 ± 0.84 mm;p = 0.68) within 15-20 min after LAD micro-coil embolization. Increase of troponin and other cardiac enzymes, abnormal ischemic Q waves and LVEDP changes were recorded in both groups without any significant differences (p > 0.05). Infarct area was similar in both models (0.86 ± 0.35 cm in the surgical group vs. 0.92 ± 0.54 cm in the percutaneous group;p = 0.68). Conclusion The proposed model of transauricular coronary coil embolization avoids thoracotomy and major surgery and may be an equally reliable and reproducible platform for the experimental study of myocardial ischemia.
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Ou L, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jie S, Kong D, Steinhoff G, Ma N. Animal models of cardiac disease and stem cell therapy. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2010; 4:231-9. [PMID: 21258568 PMCID: PMC3024564 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401004010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models that mimic cardiovascular diseases are indispensable tools for understanding the mechanisms underlying the diseases at the cellular and molecular level. This review focuses on various methods in preclinical research to create small animal models of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, myocarditis and cardiac hypertrophy, and the related stem cell treatment for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailiang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Huang Z, Ge J, Sun A, Wang Y, Zhang S, Cui J, Zhang S, Qian J, Zou Y. Ligating LAD with its whole length rather than diagonal branches as coordinates is more advisable in establishing stable myocardial infarction model of swine. Exp Anim 2010; 59:431-9. [PMID: 20660989 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A reproducible and reliable myocardial infarction (MI) model with less inter-individual variation in ischemic size and ventricular function is essential in cardiovascular research. Little is known about whether the different ligation coordinates [whole length of left anterior descending artery (LAD) or diagonal branches] affect the inter-individual variation of ventricular function in the MI model. The present study compared the characteristics of the experimental swine MI model induced by surgical occlusion of LAD in two groups: group A (n=24), where ligation was performed below the second ventricular branch (D(2) branch), and group B (n=23), where ligation was performed at a distance one-third distal to the apex. Variation of ischemic size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 4 weeks after MI was compared between the two groups using the homoscedasticity F test and coefficient of variance (CV). Difficulty in identifying ventricular branches and the great variation of branching patterns encumbered the precise ligation of LAD in group A. The ischemic size and LVEF in group B were less variable than those of group A. There were significant correlations between the percentile of LAD ligation and infarct size or ventricular function. In conclusion, ligating LAD using its whole length rather than ventricular branches as coordinates may be more practical and advisable for establishing reproducible MI models, and this procedure may prove to help standardize the location of occlusion and infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ugander M, Kanski M, Engblom H, Götberg M, Olivecrona GK, Erlinge D, Heiberg E, Arheden H. Pulmonary Blood Volume Variation Decreases after Myocardial Infarction in Pigs: A Quantitative and Noninvasive MR Imaging Measure of Heart Failure. Radiology 2010; 256:415-23. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10090292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Forest VF, Tirouvanziam AM, Perigaud C, Fernandes S, Fusellier MS, Desfontis JC, Toquet CS, Heymann MFM, Crochet DP, Lemarchand PF. Cell distribution after intracoronary bone marrow stem cell delivery in damaged and undamaged myocardium: implications for clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2010; 1:4. [PMID: 20504285 PMCID: PMC2873700 DOI: 10.1186/scrt4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early randomized clinical trials of autologous bone marrow cardiac stem cell therapy have reported contradictory results highlighting the need for a better evaluation of protocol designs. This study was designed to quantify and compare whole body and heart cell distribution after intracoronary or peripheral intravenous injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model with late reperfusion. METHODS Myocardial infarction was induced using balloon inflation in the left coronary artery in domestic pigs. At seven days post-myocardial infarction, 1 x 10(8) autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells were labeled with fluorescent marker and/or 99mTc radiotracer, and delivered using intracoronary or peripheral intravenous injection (leg vein). RESULTS Scintigraphic analyses and Upsilon-emission radioactivity counting of harvested organs showed a significant cell fraction retained within the heart after intracoronary injection (6 +/- 1.7% of injected radioactivity at 24 hours), whereas following peripheral intravenous cell injection, no cardiac homing was observed at 24 hours and cells were mainly detected within the lungs. Importantly, no difference was observed in the percentage of retained cells within the myocardium in the presence or absence of myocardial infarction. Histological evaluation did not show arterial occlusion in both animal groups and confirmed the presence of bone marrow mononuclear cells within the injected myocardium area. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous bone marrow mononuclear cell injection was ineffective to target myocardium. Myocardial cell distribution following intracoronary injection did not depend on myocardial infarction presence, a factor that could be useful for cardiac cell therapy in patients with chronic heart failure of non-ischemic origin or with ischemic myocardium without myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie F Forest
- INSERM UMR915, l'institut du thorax, IRT-Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, BP 70721, Nantes, F-44007 Cedex 1, France.
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Abegunewardene N, Vosseler M, Gori T, Hoffmann N, Schmidt KH, Becker D, Kreitner KF, Petersen SE, Schreiber LM, Horstick G, Münzel T. Usefulness of MRI to Differentiate Between Temporary and Long-Term Coronary Artery Occlusion in a Minimally Invasive Model of Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2009; 32:1033-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-009-9596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mitsos S, Katsanos K, Dougeni E, Koletsis EN, Dougenis D. A critical appraisal of open- and closed-chest models of experimental myocardial ischemia. Lab Anim (NY) 2009; 38:167-77. [DOI: 10.1038/laban0509-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peukert D, Laule M, Kaufels N, Schnorr J, Taupitz M, Hamm B, Dewey M. A minimally invasive method for induction of myocardial infarction in an animal model using tungsten spirals. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 25:529-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-009-9442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Lyons JK, Yeung AC, Ikeno F. In vivo porcine model of reperfused myocardial infarction: In situ double staining to measure precise infarct area/area at risk. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007; 71:100-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dib N, Diethrich EB, Campbell A, Gahremanpour A, McGarry M, Opie SR. A percutaneous swine model of myocardial infarction. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2006; 53:256-63. [PMID: 16460969 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to develop a percutaneous, low risk, and reproducible technique of MI that simulates human disease. METHODS MI was induced in 44 swine (32.8+/-7.2 kg) by percutaneous embolization coil deployment in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Hemodynamic measurements, left heart catheterization, and echocardiography were performed pre, post, and 30 days after MI. 3D NOGA viability mapping was performed at baseline and 30 days. Excised hearts were examined histologically. RESULTS Pre-MI mortality was 6.8% and 24 h mortality was 13.6%. All pigs that survived 24 h after MI remained alive at 30 days. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 58.4% to 42.1% (p<0.001) at 30 days. The average thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score was 3, 0, and 1.5 at baseline, post-MI, and 30 days, respectively. At 30 days, the end diastolic diameter, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and wall motion index increased from 3.76 to 3.89 cm, 32.5 to 50.0 ml, 14.9 to 27.0 ml, and 1.01 to 1.38, respectively (all p<0.05), while the ejection fraction decreased from 56.5% to 49.4% (p<0.01). Additionally, at 30 days, statistically significant reductions in both unipolar and bipolar voltage in the mid and apical regions of the left ventricle were observed. Postmortem pathology showed a transmural scar in the apical anteroseptal regions with fibrosis in the MI region, which accounted for 14.8% and 14.2% of the total left and right ventricular myocardial area and volume, respectively. DISCUSSION This model of MI is reliable, reproducible, has a pathophysiology similar to humans, and a lower mortality and ventricular fibrillation rates compared to other models. This model may be used to evaluate the effects of pharmacologics, gene therapy, and stem cell transplantation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease as well as studying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Dib
- Arizona Heart Institute, 2632 N 20th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Reffelmann T, Sensebat O, Birnbaum Y, Stroemer E, Hanrath P, Uretsky BF, Schwarz ER. A novel minimal-invasive model of chronic myocardial infarction in swine. Coron Artery Dis 2005; 15:7-12. [PMID: 15201615 DOI: 10.1097/00019501-200402000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most animal studies on myocardial infarction (MI) have used open-chest models with direct surgical coronary artery ligation, which imply local as well as generalized side effects of major surgery. Some closed-chest models of MI have been established, mainly using catheterization techniques with coronary artery embolization, balloon occlusion, and intracoronary injection of thrombogenic agents. The aim of this study was to develop a closed-chest technique of chronic coronary artery occlusion at a selected location with subsequent thrombus formation without use of balloon inflation or thrombotic chemical agents. METHODS AND RESULTS A coronary angiography via the carotid artery was performed using a 7 F guiding catheter in 21 pigs. After insertion of a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) guide wire into the distal coronary artery, a vessel-size adapted flexible foreign body comprising an open-cell sponge was advanced into the coronary artery via the guide wire by a non-inflated PTCA balloon. Five min after removal of the guide wire and the balloon catheter, total coronary artery occlusion was documented by angiography. Retrograde thrombosis of the coronary artery occurred in three animals. After one week, total vessel occlusion at the previously selected location was visualized by coronary angiography in animals that had survived. Macroscopic analysis demonstrated the foreign body with subsequent thrombus formation in the coronary artery and distal MI. Post-mortem histological analysis revealed myocardial necrosis and granulocyte infiltration at the margin of the infarction, without damage to remote myocardium. CONCLUSIONS This new easy-to-perform closed-chest technique provides reproducible chronic coronary artery occlusion at a selected location with subsequent MI. It avoids major surgery and thoracotomy and does not require balloon inflation or intracoronary injection of thrombotic or chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Reffelmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Germany
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Suzuki M, Asano H, Kimoto A, Tanaka H, Usuda S. Ventricular function and cardiac hypertrophy after coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in dogs with coronary artery thrombi. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52:969-76. [PMID: 11007068 DOI: 10.1211/0022357001774868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Subacute prognosis of cardiac function after thrombolysis with a modified tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) YM866 was determined in dogs with coronary artery thromboses induced by injection of a thrombin, fibrinogen and autogenous blood mixture. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased 30 min after occlusion and had not improved 1 week later. Examination after sacrifice revealed myocardial infarction as well as increases in both the left ventricular myocardial area and heart mass. Occluded coronary arteries reperfused by YM866 (0.1 mg kg(-1) i.v.) treatment 30 min after occlusion, by contrast, had improved LVEF and inhibited myocardial infarction development. In addition, the left ventricular myocardial area and heart mass were significantly reduced compared with the vehicle control group 1 week after administration. Although occluded coronary arteries reperfused by YM866 (0.1 mg kg(-1) i.v.) treatment 3 h after occlusion did not show an improvement in the LVEF or inhibition of myocardial infarction development, the left ventricular myocardial area and heart mass decreased significantly compared with the vehicle control group 1 week after administration. In conclusion, early reperfusion by t-PA treatment 30 min after occlusion improved the ventricular function and cardiac hypertrophy, whereas late reperfusion by t-PA treatment 3 h after occlusion did not improve the ventricular function but did inhibit hypertrophy in dogs with coronary artery thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Applied Pharmacology Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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