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Li W, Yu Y, Yang J, Fu K, Zhang X, Shi S, Li T. Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones via Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Iodobiphenyls with Vinylene Carbonate. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301040. [PMID: 38019114 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed reaction for intermolecular selective C-H cyclocarbonylation of 2-iodobiphenyls is described. Intriguingly, the vinylene carbonate acts as a carbon monoxide transfer agent to enable the annulation reaction. Moreover, as a versatile synthon, fluoren-9-one can be transformed into a variety of functionalized organic molecules, such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, 1'H,3'H-spiro[fluorene-9,2'-perimidine] and N-tosylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Li
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Henan Tianguan Enterprise Group Company Limited, Henan, 473000, China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Kaifang Fu
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Shukui Shi
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
| | - Ting Li
- Drug Synthesis Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photoelectric Green Catalysis, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Solar Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan, 473061, China
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Jourjine IAP, Zeisel L, Krauß J, Bracher F. Synthesis of highly substituted fluorenones via metal-free TBHP-promoted oxidative cyclization of 2-(aminomethyl)biphenyls. Application to the total synthesis of nobilone. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2668-2679. [PMID: 34804239 PMCID: PMC8576822 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly substituted fluorenones are readily prepared in mostly fair to good yields via metal- and additive-free TBHP-promoted cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of readily accessible N-methyl-2-(aminomethyl)biphenyls and 2-(aminomethyl)biphenyls. This methodology is compatible with numerous functional groups (methoxy, cyano, nitro, chloro, and SEM and TBS-protective groups for phenols) and was further utilized in the first total synthesis of the natural product nobilone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A P Jourjine
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Zeisel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5–13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Metabolomic Analysis of the Urine from Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis with the Effective Part of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5580341. [PMID: 34122597 PMCID: PMC8189773 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5580341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with high incidence and high disability and recurrence rates. Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (C. robustum) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with main effective parts (CRME) commonly used for RA treatment. To explore the mechanism of CRME in RA, we used metabolomics to investigate the effect of CRME intervention on urine metabolism in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA rats were randomly divided into normal control, CIA model, and CRME groups. A metabolomics approach, using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry, was developed to perform urinary metabolic profiling. Differential metabolites were identified by comparing the CIA model and CRME groups. Preliminarily, 56 significant differential metabolites were identified in urine, and 20 metabolic pathways were disturbed by the CIA. The amount of 16 different metabolites changed in urine after CRME intervention. The production of these metabolites involves tryptophan, tyrosine, energy, cholesterol, and vitamin metabolism. CRME has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in CIA model rats. By examining the endogenous metabolite levels, we identified potential CRME targets and pathways involved in the treatment of RA. The results of our metabolic studies indicate that CRME regulates amino acid, vitamin, energy, and lipid metabolism pathways to treat RA and may provide a new explanation for the anti-RA mechanism of CRME.
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Guo Y, Lü S, Yang B, Li G, Ma W, Guo Q, Wang Q, Kuang H. HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of six compounds against rheumatoid arthritis in rat plasma after oral administration of the extract of Caulophyllum robustum Maxim. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 181:112923. [PMID: 32029347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (CRM) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mainly present in the northeast, northwest and southwest regions of China, which is belong to the family Berberidaceae. The roots and rhizomes of CRM have been used as a famous TCM for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study cauloside H, leonticin D, cauloside G, cauloside D, cauloside C and magnoflorine in rat plasma was developed and validated in this paper. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1 % formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive and negative modes. The linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effects and stability were assessed to validate the current high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) assay. Good linearity was achieved for each analyte with a correlation coefficient (r2) > 0.99). All the precision (RSD) data were less than 12.20 %, the accuracies ranged from -12.39 % to 10.55 %, the recovery rates from the rat plasma ranged from 85.48%-98.69 %, and the matrix effects ranged from 80.96 % to 91.35 %. The validated approach was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of saponins and alkaloids in plasma after administering CRME to rats, and this assay provides a platform for studying the active components of multicomponent traditional Chinese medicines and provides useful information for further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaowa Lü
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wenbao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiaoxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Si K, Wei L, Yu X, Wu F, Li X, Li C, Cheng Y. Data on (+)-usnic acid: A new application to treat toxoplasmosis. Data Brief 2016; 8:648-53. [PMID: 27437438 PMCID: PMC4939410 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii pathogen is a threat to human health that results in economic burden. Unfortunately, there are very few high-efficiency and low-toxicity drugs for toxoplasmosis in the clinic. (+)-Usnic acid derived from lichen species has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-parasitology, and even anti-cancer activities. In associated with the published article "Effects of (+)-Usnic Acid and (+)-Usnic Acid-Liposome on Toxoplasma gondii" [1], this dataset article provided the detailed information of experimental designing, methods, features as well as the raw data of (+)-usnic acid and (+)-usnic acid-liposome on toxoplasma in vivo and vitro. (+)-Usnic acid may be a potential agent for treating toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Si
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Xiaozhuo Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Center of Teaching Experiment for Postgraduate in Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yanbin Cheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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Zhao C, Meng F, Geng L, Zhao X, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Qin S. Cardiac-protective effects and the possible mechanisms of alatamine during acute myocardial ischemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:433-40. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alatamine is a constituent in the extract of a traditional herbal medicine Ramulus euonymi widely used for cardiac protection. However, its precise effects remain unclear. In the present study, we found that alatamine was able to reduce acute myocardial ischemia (AMI)-induced cardiac dysfunction in a rat model, as reflected by significantly restored electrocardiograms, M-mode echocardiograms, and left ventricular hemodynamics. Also, Nagar Olsen staining revealed that alatamine markedly reduced AMI-induced cardiac injury and cardiac myocyte apoptosis. TUNEL and caspase-3 activity assay showed that cardiac myocytes underwent significant apoptosis during AMI, and levels of LDH and CK-MB increased in the serum. However, such changes were significantly inhibited by pre-administration of alatamine. Furthermore, such anti-apoptotic effects of alatamine was also confirmed in a cardiac myocyte model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced damage. Mechanistically, it was also found that alatamine improved the expression and activity of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), which were inhibited during AMI, promoting contractility and relaxation. Meanwhile, alatamine decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2 expressions both in vivo and in vitro, therefore inhibiting cardiac myocyte apoptosis and preventing cardiac dysfunction caused by AMI at the cellular level. The present study revealed the beneficial role of alatamine in cardiac protection and highlighted it as a potential therapeutic reagent for reduction of AMI-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Fanxin Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Geng
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhi Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Zhuhai College, Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, P. R. China
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Si K, Wei L, Yu X, Wu F, Li X, Li C, Cheng Y. Effects of (+)-usnic acid and (+)-usnic acid-liposome on Toxoplasma gondii. Exp Parasitol 2016; 166:68-74. [PMID: 27004468 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii pathogen is a threat to human health that results in economic burden. Unfortunately, there are very few high-efficiency and low-toxicity drugs for toxoplasmosis in the clinic. (+)-Usnic acid derived from lichen species has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-parasitology, and even anti-cancer activities. Herein, the systematic effect of (+)-usnic acid and (+)-usnic acid-liposome on toxoplasma were studied in vitro and in vivo. The viability of toxoplasma tachyzoite was assayed with trypan blue and Giemsa staining; while the invasive capability of tachyzoite to cardiofibroblasts was detected using Giemsa staining. The survival time of mice and the changes in tachyzoite ultrastructure were studied in vivo. The results showed that (+)-usnic acid inhibited the viability of tachyzoite; pretreatment with (+)-usnic acid significantly decreased the invasion of tachyzoite to cardiofibroblasts in vitro; (+)-usnic acid and (+)-usnic acid-liposome extensively prolonged the survival time of mice about 90.9% and 117%, respectively; and improved the ultrastructural changes of tachyzoite, especially in dense granules, rhoptries, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and other membrane organelles. In summary, these results demonstrate that (+)-usnic acid and (+)-usnic acid-liposome with low toxicity have an inhibitory effect on the viability of toxoplasma tachyzoite, and mainly destructed membrane organelles which are connected with the virulence of toxoplasma. These findings provide the basis for further study and development of usnic acid as a potential agent for treating toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Si
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 157 West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
| | - Xiaozhuo Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Center of Teaching Experiment for Postgraduate in Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yanbin Cheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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Genus caulophyllum: an overview of chemistry and bioactivity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:684508. [PMID: 24876877 PMCID: PMC4024411 DOI: 10.1155/2014/684508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, some promising advances have been achieved in understanding the chemistry, pharmacology, and action mechanisms of constituents from genus Caulophyllum. Despite this, there is to date no systematic review of those of genus Caulophyllum. This review covers naturally occurring alkaloids and saponins and those resulting from synthetic novel taspine derivatives. The paper further discussed several aspects of this genus, including pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and cell membrane chromatography for activity screening. The aim of this paper is to provide a point of reference for pharmaceutical researchers to develop new drugs from constituents of Caulophyllum plants.
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Deng Z, Zhou JJ, Sun SY, Zhao X, Sun Y, Pu XP. Procaterol but not dexamethasone protects 16HBE cells from H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:39-50. [PMID: 24739282 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13206fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological factor of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that procaterol and dexamethasone might treat inflammation through inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro. This study evaluated procaterol and dexamethasone in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced immortal human bronchial epithelial cell model of oxidative stress and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that exposure to 125 μM H2O2 for 2 h led to a 50% reduction in the cell viability, significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis, and elevated levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment with procaterol (25 - 200 nM) could reduce these effects in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, pretreatment with dexamethasone (100 nM, 1000 nM) was inefficient. Pretreatment with procaterol plus dexamethasone (100 nM procaterol + 1000 nM dexamethasone) was effective, but the combined effect was not more effective than the sole pretreatment with 100 nM procaterol. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway was involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of H2O2. Procaterol may indirectly inhibit H2O2-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway due to its capability of antioxidation. Glucocorticoids may be not recommended to treat asthma or COPD complicated with severe oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, China
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Wang YQ, Liu CH, Zhang JQ, Zhu DN, Yu BY. Protective effects and active ingredients of yi-qi-fu-mai sterile powder against myocardial oxidative damage in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:17-27. [PMID: 23685804 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12261fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Yi-Qi-Fu-Mai sterile powder (YQFM) on myocardial oxidative damage and tries to identify the active components responsible for its pharmacological benefits. YQFM and the n-butanol extract of YQFM (YQFM-Bu) were administered to ISO-induced myocardial injury mice. Left ventricle weight index and histopathological analyses were conducted. Serum enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. Our results demonstrated that both YQFM and YQFM-Bu significantly restored the abnormal activities of CK, LDH, MPO, SOD, and the levels of MDA in ISO-induced myocardial injury mice, and these biochemical results were further supported by histopathological data. Our in vitro findings also confirmed that both YQFM and YQFM-Bu exhibit significant radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the major active fractions of YQFM were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Twenty-five ginsenosides and three lignans were identified from YQFM-Bu. These findings suggested YQFM-Bu is the major active fraction of YQFM with the ginsenosides and lignans as potential active components responsible for its protective effect against myocardial injury, and YQFM exerted its beneficial effects on myocardial injury mainly through inhibiting oxidative damage and maintaining the functional integrity of myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, China
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Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for oral delivery of Doxorubicin: implications on bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and cardiotoxicity. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1219-38. [PMID: 24218223 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study explores the potential of bicontinous cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) for improving therapeutic potential of doxorubicin. METHODS Phytantriol based Dox-LCNPs were prepared using hydrotrope method, optimized for various formulation components, process variables and lyophilized. Structural elucidation of the reconstituted formulation was performed using HR-TEM and SAXS analysis. The developed formulation was subjected to exhaustive cell culture experiments for delivery potential (Caco-2 cells) and efficacy (MCF-7 cells). Finally, in vivo pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic studies in DMBA induced breast cancer model and cardiotoxicity were also evaluated. RESULTS The reconstituted formulation exhibited Pn3m type cubic structure, evident by SAXS and posed stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and at accelerated stability conditions for 6 months. Dox-LCNPs revealed significantly higher cell cytotoxicity (16.23-fold) against MCF-7 cell lines as compared to free drug owing to its preferential localization in the vicinity of nucleus. Furthermore, Caco-2 cell experiments revealed formation of reversible "virtual pathways" in the cell membrane for Dox-LCNPs and hence posed significantly higher relative oral bioavailability (17.74-fold). Subsequently, Single dose of Dox-LCNPs (per oral) led to significant reduction in % tumor burden (~42%) as compared that of ~31% observed in case of Adriamycin® (i.v.) when evaluated in DMBA induced breast cancer model. Moreover, Dox induced cardiotoxicity was also found to be significantly lower in case of Dox-LCNPs as compared to clinical formulations (Adriamycin® and Lipodox®). CONCLUSION Incorporation of Dox in the novel LCNPs demonstrated improved antitumor efficacy and safety profile and can be a viable option for oral chemotherapy.
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Kondo Y, Ishitsuka Y, Kadowaki D, Fukumoto Y, Miyamoto Y, Irikura M, Hirata S, Sato K, Maruyama T, Hamasaki N, Irie T. Phosphoenolpyruvate, a glycolytic intermediate, as a cytoprotectant and antioxidant in ex-vivo cold-preserved mouse liver: a potential application for organ preservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:390-401. [PMID: 23356848 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a glycolytic intermediate, on organ damage during cold preservation of liver. METHODS An ex-vivo mouse liver cold-preservation model and an in-vitro liver injury model induced by hydrogen peroxide in HepG2 cells were leveraged. KEY FINDINGS PEP attenuated the elevation of aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase leakage during organ preservation, histological changes and changes in oxidative stress parameters (measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and glutathione content) induced by 72 h of cold preservation of the liver. The effects were comparable with the University of Wisconsin solution, a gold standard organ preservation agent. The decrease in ATP content in liver during the cold preservation was attenuated by PEP treatment. PEP prevented the cellular injury and increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. In addition, PEP scavenged hydroxyl radicals, but had no effect on superoxide anion as evaluated by an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique. CONCLUSIONS PEP significantly attenuated the injury, oxidative stress and ATP depletion in liver during cold preservation. The antioxidative potential of PEP was confirmed by in-vitro examination. We suggest that PEP acts as a glycolytic intermediate and antioxidant, and is particularly useful as an organ preservation agent in clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kondo Y, Ishitsuka Y, Kadowaki D, Kuroda M, Tanaka Y, Nagatome M, Irikura M, Hirata S, Sato K, Maruyama T, Hamasaki N, Irie T. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, an intermediary metabolite of glycolysis, as a potential cytoprotectant and anti-oxidant in HeLa cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:606-11. [PMID: 22466568 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the cytoprotective and anti-oxidative properties of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), a glycolysis metabolite with a high-energy phosphate group. PEP (0.1-10 mM) significantly attenuated the decrease in cell viability induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. PEP also inhibited the decrease in calcein-acetomethoxy-stained cells and the increase in propidium iodide-stained cells that were induced by H(2)O(2). The H(2)O(2)-stimulated increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced by PEP. PEP also demonstrated scavenging potential against hydroxyl radicals, as assessed by the electron paramagnetic resonance method. In addition, PEP demonstrated scavenging potential against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, a representative artificial radical, although the potential is very weak. PEP (10 mM) slightly inhibited the decrease in cellular ATP content induced by H(2)O(2), but did not show any effects at low doses (0.1, 1 mM). PEP (0.1-10 mM) also attenuated the cell injury but not the decrease in intracellular ATP content, induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor. These results indicate that PEP exerts cytoprotective effects and has anti-oxidative potential, although the precise cytoprotective mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We suggest that PEP is a functional carbohydrate metabolite with cytoprotective and anti-oxidative activity, and is potentially useful as a therapeutic agent against diseases that involve the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Preventive effects of fasudil on adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy: Possible involvement of inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2975-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tomonari M, To H, Nishida M, Mishima T, Sasaki H, Kurose H. Mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of docetaxel pre-administration against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:336-45. [PMID: 21358119 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10279fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We revealed that pre-treatment with docetaxel (DOC) 12 h before adriamycin (ADR) administration significantly reduced ADR-induced toxic death compared with the simultaneous dosing schedule that was commonly used in previous studies. We considered that pre-treatment with DOC relieves ADR-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the influence of DOC on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADR in order to clarify the mechanism by which DOC pre-treatment relieves ADR-induced cardiotoxicity. When ADR and/or DOC was intravenously administered, the DOC pre-treatment (DOC-ADR) group showed significantly less toxic death than the ADR-alone group. We examined hepatopathy, nephropathy, leukopenia, and cardiotoxicity, all of which can cause toxic death. Of these toxicities, ADR-induced cardiotoxicity was significantly relieved in the DOC-ADR group. To elucidate the mechanism by which DOC pre-treatment relieved ADR-induced cardiotoxicity, lipid peroxidation as a proxy for the free radical level and the pharmacokinetics of ADR were measured. There was no difference in the pharmacokinetics of ADR between the ADR and DOC-ADR groups. On the other hand, the DOC-ADR group showed significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in the heart compared with the ADR group. It was considered that DOC pre-administration inhibited ADR-induced free radicals and decreased cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tomonari
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
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