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Karbhari A, Baheti AD, Ankathi SK, Haria PD, Choudhari A, Katdare A, Guha A, Kulkarni S, Saklani A, Engineer R, Kazi M, Ostwal V. MRI in rectal cancer patients on 'watch and wait': patterns of response and their evolution. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:3287-3296. [PMID: 37450019 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-04003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate MR patterns of response and their evolution in rectal cancer patients on watch and wait (WW). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 337 MRIs of 60 patients (median follow-up: 12 months; range: 6-49 months). Baseline MRIs (available in 34/60 patients) were evaluated for tumor morphology, location, thickness, circumferential involvement, nodal status and EMVI. First post-treatment MRIs (in all patients) were additionally evaluated for pattern of response on T2 and DWI. Change in post-treatment scar thickness and scar depth angle between the first and second post-treatment scans was also evaluated. Evolution of the response pattern/recurrence were evaluated till the last available scan. RESULTS On the baseline scans, 20/34 (59%) patients had polypoidal tumor with 12/20 having ≤ 25% circumferential wall involvement. We saw five patterns of response-normalized rectal wall (2/60-3%), minimal fibrosis (23/60-38%), full thickness fibrosis (16/60-27%), irregular fibrosis (11/60-18%) and split scar (6/60-10%), with 2/60 (3%) showing possible residual disease. On the first post-treatment scans, 12/60 (20%) had restricted diffusion, with 3/12 having persistent restriction till last follow-up. Post-treatment fibrosis/split scar remained stable in 44/60 (73%) cases and improved further in the rest. 9/60 (15%) patients developed regrowth/recurrence. Patients with recurrence had < 10 mm scar thickness and < 21° change in scar angle between the first and second post-treatment MRIs. CONCLUSION Most patients on WW protocol developed minimal or full thickness fibrosis, majority of which remained stable on follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashna Karbhari
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Akshay D Baheti
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Suman K Ankathi
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Purvi D Haria
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Amit Choudhari
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Aparna Katdare
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Amrita Guha
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Suyash Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Avnish Saklani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Reena Engineer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Mufaddal Kazi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Vikas Ostwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, E. Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Awiwi MO, Kaur H, Ernst R, Rauch GM, Morani AC, Stanietzky N, Palmquist SM, Salem UI. Restaging MRI of Rectal Adenocarcinoma after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: Imaging Findings and Potential Pitfalls. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220135. [PMID: 36927125 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Rectal adenocarcinoma constitutes about one-third of all colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Rectal MRI has become mandatory for evaluation of patients newly diagnosed with rectal cancer because it can help accurately stage the disease, impact the choice to give neoadjuvant therapy or proceed with up-front surgery, and even direct surgical dissection planes. Better understanding of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy effects on rectal tumors and recognition that up to 30% of patients can have a pathologic complete response have opened the door for the nonsurgical "watch-and-wait" management approach for rectal adenocarcinoma. Candidates for this organ-preserving approach should have no evidence of malignancy on all three components of response assessment after neoadjuvant therapy (ie, digital rectal examination, endoscopy, and rectal MRI). Hence, rectal MRI again has a major role in directing patient management and possibly sparing patients from unnecessary surgical morbidity. In this article, the authors discuss the indications for neoadjuvant therapy in management of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, describe expected imaging appearances of rectal adenocarcinoma after completion of neoadjuvant therapy, and outline the MRI tumor regression grading system. Since pelvic sidewall lymph node dissection is associated with a high risk of permanent genitourinary dysfunction, it is performed for only selected patients who have radiologic evidence of sidewall lymph node involvement. Therefore, the authors review the relevant lymphatic compartments of the pelvis and describe lymph node criteria for determining locoregional nodal spread. Finally, the authors discuss limitations of rectal MRI, describe several potential interpretation pitfalls after neoadjuvant therapy, and emphasize how these pitfalls may be avoided. © RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad O Awiwi
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Randy Ernst
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ajaykumar C Morani
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nir Stanietzky
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sarah M Palmquist
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Usama I Salem
- From the Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030
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Li D, Cui Y, Hou L, Bian Z, Yang Z, Xu R, Jia Y, Wu Z, Yang X. Diffusion kurtosis imaging-derived histogram metrics for prediction of resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal adenocarcinoma: Preliminary findings. Eur J Radiol 2021; 144:109963. [PMID: 34562744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived parameters for assessing resistance to CRT in patients with Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) by using histogram analysis derived from whole-tumor volumes. METHOD 136 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent MRI examination before and after chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in our retrospective study. The parameters D, K, and conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured using whole-tumor volume histogram analysis. The AJCC tumor regression grading (TRG) system was the standard reference (resistance: TRG 3; non-resistance: TRG 0-2). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for evaluating the diagnostic performance. RESULTS Aside from the skew and kurtosis values, we found all the histogram metrics of D and ADC values significantly increased after CRT (all p < 0.001). In contrast, the histogram metrics of K values significantly decreased after CRT. The majority of percentiles metrics of D, K, and ADC values were correlated with tumor resistance before and after CRT (P < 0.05), except for the skew and kurtosis values. Regarding the comparison of the diagnostic performance of all the histogram metrics, the percentage Dmean change (ΔDmean) showed the highest AUC value of 0.939, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 84.1% and 94.6%, 88.1% and 92.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results demonstrated that DKI-derived histogram metrics, especially the pre-treatment metrics and ΔDmean, were useful to assess tumoral resistance to CRT and individual clinical management for patients with LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Lina Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Zeyu Bian
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Ruxin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Yaju Jia
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaotang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China.
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Wang C, Padgett KR, Su MY, Mellon EA, Maziero D, Chang Z. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for treatment response assessment of radiation therapy. Med Phys 2021; 49:2794-2819. [PMID: 34374098 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the modern radiation therapy (RT) workflow. In comparison with computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is the dominant imaging modality in RT, MRI possesses excellent soft-tissue contrast for radiographic evaluation. Based on quantitative models, MRI can be used to assess tissue functional and physiological information. With the developments of scanner design, acquisition strategy, advanced data analysis, and modeling, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), a combination of morphologic and functional imaging modalities, has been increasingly adopted for disease detection, localization, and characterization. Integration of mpMRI techniques into RT enriches the opportunities to individualize RT. In particular, RT response assessment using mpMRI allows for accurate characterization of both tissue anatomical and biochemical changes to support decision-making in monotherapy of radiation treatment and/or systematic cancer management. In recent years, accumulating evidence have, indeed, demonstrated the potentials of mpMRI in RT response assessment regarding patient stratification, trial benchmarking, early treatment intervention, and outcome modeling. Clinical application of mpMRI for treatment response assessment in routine radiation oncology workflow, however, is more complex than implementing an additional imaging protocol; mpMRI requires additional focus on optimal study design, practice standardization, and unified statistical reporting strategy to realize its full potential in the context of RT. In this article, the mpMRI theories, including image mechanism, protocol design, and data analysis, will be reviewed with a focus on the radiation oncology field. Representative works will be discussed to demonstrate how mpMRI can be used for RT response assessment. Additionally, issues and limits of current works, as well as challenges and potential future research directions, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle R Padgett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Min-Ying Su
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Danilo Maziero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Jang JK, Lee CM, Park SH, Kim JH, Kim J, Lim SB, Yu CS, Kim JC. How to Combine Diffusion-Weighted and T2-Weighted Imaging for MRI Assessment of Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer? Korean J Radiol 2021; 22:1451-1461. [PMID: 34132075 PMCID: PMC8390818 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adequate methods of combining T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to assess complete response (CR) to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer are obscure. We aimed to determine an algorithm for combining T2WI and DWI to optimally suggest CR on MRI using visual assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 376 patients (male:female, 256:120; mean age ± standard deviation, 59.7 ± 11.1 years) who had undergone long-course CRT for rectal cancer and both pre- and post-CRT high-resolution rectal MRI during 2017-2018. Two experienced radiologists independently evaluated whether a tumor signal was absent, representing CR, on both post-CRT T2WI and DWI, and whether the pre-treatment DWI showed homogeneous hyperintensity throughout the lesion. Algorithms for combining T2WI and DWI were as follows: 'AND,' if both showed CR; 'OR,' if any one showed CR; and 'conditional OR,' if T2WI showed CR or DWI showed CR after the pre-treatment DWI showed homogeneous hyperintensity. Their efficacies for diagnosing pathologic CR (pCR) were determined in comparison with T2WI alone. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients (18.4%) had pCR. AND had a lower sensitivity without statistical significance (vs. 62.3% [43/69]; 59.4% [41/69], p = 0.500) and a significantly higher specificity (vs. 87.0% [267/307]; 90.2% [277/307], p = 0.002) than those of T2WI. Both OR and conditional OR combinations resulted in a large increase in sensitivity (vs. 62.3% [43/69]; 81.2% [56/69], p < 0.001; and 73.9% [51/69], p = 0.008, respectively) and a large decrease in specificity (vs. 87.0% [267/307]; 57.0% [175/307], p < 0.001; and 69.1% [212/307], p < 0.001, respectively) as compared with T2WI, ultimately creating additional false interpretations of CR more frequently than additional identification of patients with pCR. CONCLUSION AND combination of T2WI and DWI is an appropriate strategy for suggesting CR using visual assessment of MRI after CRT for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Keon Jang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Min Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Byung Lim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Sik Yu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Cheon Kim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Cancer Detection and Quantification of Treatment Response Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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7
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Chen H, Shi L, Nguyen KNB, Monjazeb AM, Matsukuma KE, Loehfelm TW, Huang H, Qiu J, Rong Y. MRI Radiomics for Prediction of Tumor Response and Downstaging in Rectal Cancer Patients after Preoperative Chemoradiation. Adv Radiat Oncol 2020; 5:1286-1295. [PMID: 33305090 PMCID: PMC7718560 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate radiomic features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans performed before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in predicting response of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Methods and Materials Thirty-nine patients who underwent nCRT for LARC were included, with 294 radiomic features extracted from MRI that was performed before (pre-CRT) and 6 to 8 weeks after completing nCRT (post-CRT). Based on tumor regression grade (TRG), 26 patients were classified as having a histopathologic good response (GR; TRG 0-1) and 13 as non-GR (TRG 2-3). Tumor downstaging (T-downstaging) occurred in 25 patients. Univariate analyses were performed to assess potential radiomic and delta-radiomic predictors for TRG in pathologic complete response (pCR) versus non-pCR, GR versus non-GR, and T-downstaging. The support vector machine-based multivariate model was used to select the best predictors for TRG and T-downstaging. Results We identified 13 predictive features for pCR versus non-pCR, 14 for GR versus non-GR, and 16 for T-downstaging. Pre-CRT gray-level run length matrix nonuniformity, pre-CRT neighborhood intensity difference matrix (NIDM) texture strength, and post-CRT NIDM busyness predicted all 3 treatment responses. The best predictor for GR versus non-GR was pre-CRT global minimum combined with clinical N stage in the multivariate analysis. The best predictor for T-downstaging was the combination of pre-CRT gray-level co-occurrence matrix correlation, NIDM-texture strength, and gray-level co-occurrence matrix variance. The pre-CRT, post-CRT, and delta radiomic-based models had no significant difference in predicting all 3 responses. Conclusions Pre-CRT MRI, post-CRT MRI, and delta radiomic-based models have the potential to predict tumor response after nCRT in LARC. These data, if validated in larger cohorts, can provide important predictive information to aid in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Liting Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Ky Nam Bao Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Karen E Matsukuma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Thomas W Loehfelm
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Haixin Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Medical Engineering and Technology Research Center, Imaging-X Joint Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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Locally advanced rectal cancer: qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in restaging after neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:3664-3673. [PMID: 31004202 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the added value of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) restaging after neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed of 21 patients with LARC treated with CRT. All patients were evaluated with 1.5 T conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI (0-1000 s/mm²) before starting therapy and after neoadjuvant CRT. All included patients underwent surgery after CRT: the histopathological evaluation of surgical specimens represented the reference standard for local staging after neoadjuvant therapy. The qualitative analysis was carried out by two operators in consensus, who reviewed the conventional MR image set [T1-weighted and T2-weighted morphological sequences + dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences (DCE)] and the combined set of conventional and DW images. For the quantitative analysis, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured at each examination. For each lesion, the mean ADC value (ADCpre and ADCpost) and the ΔADC (ADCpost - ADCpre) were calculated, and values of the three groups of response [complete response (pCR), partial response (pPR), stable disease (pSD)] were compared. RESULTS In LARC restaging, conventional MRI showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 50%, with a total diagnostic capacity of 71.40%, while by adding DWI sensitivity increased to 100%, specificity to 67%, and total diagnostic capacity to 90.40%. ΔADC correlates with treatment response and a cutoff of 1.35 × 10-3 mm²/s predicts the pCR with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS Adding DWI to conventional sequences may improve MRI capability to evaluate tumor response to CRT. The quantitative DWI assessment is promising, but larger studies are required.
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Pham TT, Stait-Gardner T, Lee CS, Barton M, Graham PL, Liney G, Wong K, Price WS. Correlation of ultra-high field MRI with histopathology for evaluation of rectal cancer heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9311. [PMID: 31249325 PMCID: PMC6597556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical MRI techniques in rectal cancer have limited ability to examine cancer stroma. The differentiation of tumour from desmoplasia or fibrous tissue remains a challenge. Standard MRI cannot differentiate stage T1 from T2 (invasion of muscularis propria) tumours. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can probe tissue structure and organisation (anisotropy). The purpose of this study was to examine DTI-MRI derived imaging markers of rectal cancer stromal heterogeneity and tumour extent ex vivo. DTI-MRI at ultra-high magnetic field (11.7 tesla) was used to examine the stromal microstructure of malignant and normal rectal tissue ex vivo, and the findings were correlated with histopathology. Images obtained from DTI-MRI (A0, apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy (FA)) were used to probe rectal cancer stromal heterogeneity. FA provided the best discrimination between cancer and desmoplasia, fibrous tissue and muscularis propria. Cancer had relatively isotropic diffusion (mean FA 0.14), whereas desmoplasia (FA 0.31) and fibrous tissue (FA 0.34) had anisotropic diffusion with significantly higher FA than cancer (p < 0.001). Tumour was distinguished from muscularis propria (FA 0.61) which was highly anisotropic with higher FA than cancer (p < 0.001). This study showed that DTI-MRI can assist in more accurately defining tumour extent in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Pham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Timothy Stait-Gardner
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Barton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine (GenIMPACT), Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary Liney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - William S Price
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Value of High-Resolution DWI in Combination With Texture Analysis for the Evaluation of Tumor Response After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:1279-1286. [PMID: 30860889 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value calculated from high-resolution DWI using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (rs-EPI) and to assess the texture parameters of T2-weighted MR images in identifying pathologic complete response (pCR) after patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) undergo preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 76 patients with LARC who underwent preoperative CRT and subsequent surgery were enrolled in the study retrospectively. All patients underwent post-CRT MRI, which included acquisition of a DWI sequence with use of the rs-EPI technique. The histopathologic tumor regression grade was the reference standard. Patients were subdivided into pCR and non-pCR groups. Two radiologists independently drew whole-tumor ROIs on DW images and T2-weighted MR images to calculate the mean ADC value and first-order texture parameters. RESULTS. Interobserver agreement was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.79-0.993) for imaging analysis. Calculated from high-resolution DWI, the mean post-CRT ADC value was significantly higher in the pCR group (p < 0.001). The pCR group also showed lower uniformity (p < 0.001) of the T2-weighted image. The mean ADC value and uniformity were significantly correlated with the tumor regression grade. The mean ADC value was a good indicator for differentiating pCR from absence of pCR (ROC AUC value, 0.912). Uniformity (ROC AUC value, 0.776) showed a moderate ability to identify pCR. Combining the mean ADC value and uniformity yielded an ROC AUC value comparable to that of the mean ADC value (p = 0.125). CONCLUSION. Mean post-CRT ADC values calculated from high-resolution DWI using rs-EPI could effectively select for patients with LARC who have a pCR after preoperative CRT. First-order texture parameters of T2-weighted MR images could also identify patients with pCR by reflecting tumor heterogeneity, even though they could not significantly improve the diagnostic performance.
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Mean Corpuscular Volume as a Predictive Factor of Response to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6976375. [PMID: 29743887 PMCID: PMC5878881 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6976375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify if blood routine parameters and serum tumor marker are potential predictive factors for tumor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods 55 locally advanced rectal cancer patients were treated with preoperative CRT in this study. The total dose of preoperative radiotherapy was 45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 in 5 weeks. All patients concurrently received 825 mg/m2 capecitabine orally twice daily on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35. Total mesorectal excision (TME) was performed 6 weeks after the end of preoperative CRT. Blood routine examination and serum tumor marker were checked before preoperative CRT. Tumor response to preoperative CRT was evaluated with the semiquantitative tumor regression grading (TRG) system proposed by Dworak criteria according to histopathological examination of the surgical specimens. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between blood routine parameters and serum tumor marker and tumor response to preoperative CRT. Results Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that differentiation, lymphocyte, LMR, MCV, PLR, and CEA have been significantly associated with tumor response to preoperative CRT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that differentiation, MCV, and CEA were the predictors of tumor response to preoperative CRT. According to the ROC analysis, the AUC of differentiation, MCV, and CEA was 0.794, 0.802, and 0.723, respectively. Optimal cutoff points for MCV and CEA were 87.65 fl and 4.05 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion MCV is a potential predictive factor for tumor response to preoperative chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Bassaneze T, Gonçalves JE, Faria JF, Palma RT, Waisberg J. Quantitative Aspects of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Rectal Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy. Radiol Oncol 2017; 51:270-276. [PMID: 28959163 PMCID: PMC5611991 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the added value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The use of DW-MRI for response evaluation in rectal cancer still remains a widely investigated issue, as the accurate detection of pathologic complete response (pCR) is critical in making therapeutic decisions. Patients and methods Thirty-three patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were evaluated retrospectively by MRI in addition to diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and its ADC pre- and post-neoadjuvant CRT. These patients subsequently underwent curative-intent surgery. Tumor staging by MRI and ADC value were compared with histopathological findings of the surgical specimen. Results MRI in addition to DWI had a sensitivity of 96.1%, specificity of 71.4%, positive predictive value of 92.5%, and negative predictive value of 83.3% in the detection of pCR. The pre-CRT ADC alone could not reliably predict the pCR group. Post-CRT ADC cutoff value of 1.49 x 10−3 mm2/s had the highest accuracy and allowed a 16.7% increase in negative predictive value and 3.9% increase in sensitivity. Patients with pCR to neoadjuvant treatment differed from the other groups in their absolute values of post-CRT ADC (p < 0.01). Conclusions The use of post-CRT ADC increased the diagnostic performance of MRI in addition to DWI in predicting the final pathologic staging of rectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bassaneze
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Tadeu Palma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ABC Medical School, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Jaques Waisberg
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, ABC Medical School, Santo André, Brazil
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Pham TT, Liney GP, Wong K, Barton MB. Functional MRI for quantitative treatment response prediction in locally advanced rectal cancer. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20151078. [PMID: 28055248 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20151078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in multimodality treatment strategies for locally advanced rectal cancer and improvements in locoregional control, there is still a considerable variation in response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Accurate prediction of response to neoadjuvant CRT would enable early stratification of management according to good responders and poor responders, in order to adapt treatment to improve therapeutic outcomes in rectal cancer. Clinical studies in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI have shown promising results for the prediction of therapeutic response in rectal cancer. DWI allows for assessment of tumour cellularity. DCE-MRI enables evaluation of factors of the tumour microvascular environment and changes in perfusion in response to treatment. Studies have demonstrated that predictors of good response to CRT include lower tumour pre-CRT apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), greater percentage increase in ADC during and post CRT, and higher pre-CRT Ktrans. However, the mean ADC and Ktrans values do not adequately reflect tumour heterogeneity. Multiparametric MRI using quantitative DWI and DCE-MRI in combination, and a histogram analysis technique can assess tumour heterogeneity and its response to treatment. This strategy has the potential to improve the accuracy of therapeutic response prediction in rectal cancer and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Pham
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,2 Sydney West Radiation Oncology Network, Westmead, Blacktown and Nepean Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary P Liney
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,5 Faculty of Radiation and Medical Physics, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael B Barton
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,3 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,4 Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Galbán CJ, Hoff BA, Chenevert TL, Ross BD. Diffusion MRI in early cancer therapeutic response assessment. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3458. [PMID: 26773848 PMCID: PMC4947029 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging biomarkers for the predictive assessment of treatment response in patients with cancer earlier than standard tumor volumetric metrics would provide new opportunities to individualize therapy. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), highly sensitive to microenvironmental alterations at the cellular level, has been evaluated extensively as a technique for the generation of quantitative and early imaging biomarkers of therapeutic response and clinical outcome. First demonstrated in a rodent tumor model, subsequent studies have shown that DW-MRI can be applied to many different solid tumors for the detection of changes in cellularity as measured indirectly by an increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water molecules within the lesion. The introduction of quantitative DW-MRI into the treatment management of patients with cancer may aid physicians to individualize therapy, thereby minimizing unnecessary systemic toxicity associated with ineffective therapies, saving valuable time, reducing patient care costs and ultimately improving clinical outcome. This review covers the theoretical basis behind the application of DW-MRI to monitor therapeutic response in cancer, the analytical techniques used and the results obtained from various clinical studies that have demonstrated the efficacy of DW-MRI for the prediction of cancer treatment response. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B. D. Ross
- Correspondence to: B. D. Ross, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Imaging and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Nougaret S, Vargas HA, Lakhman Y, Sudre R, Do RKG, Bibeau F, Azria D, Assenat E, Molinari N, Pierredon MA, Rouanet P, Guiu B. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion-derived Histogram Metrics for Assessment of Response after Combined Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Rectal Cancer: Initial Experience and Comparison between Single-Section and Volumetric Analyses. Radiology 2016; 280:446-54. [PMID: 26919562 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016150702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to assess response to combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer by using histogram analysis derived from whole-tumor volumes and single-section regions of interest (ROIs). Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study of 31 patients with rectal cancer who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and after CRT, including diffusion-weighted imaging with 34 b values prior to surgery. Patient consent was not required. ADC, perfusion-related diffusion fraction (f), slow diffusion coefficient (D), and fast diffusion coefficient (D*) were calculated on MR images acquired before and after CRT by using biexponential fitting. ADC and IVIM histogram metrics and median values were obtained by using whole-tumor volume and single-section ROI analyses. All ADC and IVIM parameters obtained before and after CRT were compared with histopathologic findings by using t tests with Holm-Sidak correction. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of IVIM parameters derived from whole-tumor volume and single-section ROIs for prediction of histopathologic response. Results Extreme values aside, results of histogram analysis of ADC and IVIM were equivalent to median values for tumor response assessment (P > .06). Prior to CRT, none of the median ADC and IVIM diffusion metrics correlated with subsequent tumor response (P > .36). Median D and ADC values derived from either whole-volume or single-section analysis increased significantly after CRT (P ≤ .01) and were significantly higher in good versus poor responders (P ≤ .02). Median IVIM f and D* values did not significantly change after CRT and were not associated with tumor response to CRT (P > .36). Interobserver agreement was excellent for whole-tumor volume analysis (range, 0.91-0.95) but was only moderate for single-section ROI analysis (range, 0.50-0.63). Conclusion Median D and ADC values obtained after CRT were useful for discrimination between good and poor responders. Histogram metrics did not add to the median values for assessment of tumor response. Volumetric analysis demonstrated better interobserver reproducibility when compared with single-section ROI analysis. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nougaret
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Hebert Alberto Vargas
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Yulia Lakhman
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Romain Sudre
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Richard K G Do
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Frederic Bibeau
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - David Azria
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Eric Assenat
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Marie-Ange Pierredon
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Philippe Rouanet
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
| | - Boris Guiu
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, Saint Eloi University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (S.N., M.A.P., B.G.); Institute of Cancer Research of Montpellier (IRCM-U1194), Montpellier, France (S.N., F.B., D.A., B.G.); INSERM, Unit 896, Montpellier, France (S.N., B.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (H.A.V., Y.L., R.K.G.D.); Departments of Radiology (R.S.), Histopathology (F.B.), Oncology and Radiation Therapy (D.A., E.A.), and Surgery (P.R.), Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; and Department of Statistics-IMAG, Montpellier University, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France (N.M.)
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Gourtsoyianni S, Papanikolaou N. Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Primary Rectal Cancer-Standard Protocol and Beyond. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 37:323-30. [PMID: 27342896 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
New-generation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with optimal phased-array body coils have contributed to obtainment of high-resolution T2-weighted turbo spin echo images in which visualization of anatomical details such as the mesorectal fascia and the bowel wall layers is feasible. Preoperative, locoregional staging of rectal cancer with MRI, considered standard of care nowadays, relies on these images for stratification of high-risk patients for local recurrence, patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy, as well as patients who exhibit imaging features indicative of a high risk of metastatic disease. Functional imaging, including optimized for rectal cancer diffusion-weighted imaging and more recently use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, combined with radiologists׳ rising level of familiarity regarding the assessment of reactive changes postchemoradiation treatment, have shown to increase MRI staging accuracy after neoadjuvant treatment. Our intention is to review already established standard protocols for primary rectal cancer and go through potential additional promising imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gourtsoyianni
- Department of Radiology, Guy׳s and St Thomas׳ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Nickolas Papanikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Champalimaud Foundation, Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ren Y, Hou XP, Li D, Li Y, Zhu B. DMBA induces pancreatic tumorigenesis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4700-4705. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i29.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the possibility of pancreatic carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) implantation in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
METHODS: Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: A and B. DMBA (4 mg/100 g body weight) was implanted into the parenchyma of the rat pancreas in group A (n = 70), while no drugs were implanted into the parenchyma of the pancreas in group B (n = 10). Rats were killed at 2, 4 and 6 mo after operation. The pancreatic tissue samples of rats were fixed in formalin for HE staining and immunohistochemical analysis.
RESULTS: The body weight of rats at 5 and 6 mo had significant differences between groups A and B (P = 0.00). In group A, the incidence of leiomyosarcoma was 42.1% at 4 mo and 75% at 6 mo, and the rats were accompanied by cachexia, bloody ascites and metastasis. The incidence of leiomyosarcoma at 6 mo was higher than that at 4 mo (P = 0.037). No pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma occurred.
CONCLUSION: DMBA (4 mg/100 g body weight) implantation into the parenchyma of the pancreas of SD rats induces the development of pancreatic leiomyosarcoma, and the incidence of leiomyosarcoma at 6 mo is higher than that at 4 mo. DMBA implantation does not induce pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma.
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Xu QG, Xian JF. Role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging parameters in the evaluation of treatment response in malignant tumors. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:1128-33. [PMID: 25881611 PMCID: PMC4832957 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.155127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elaborate the role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in the evaluation of treatment response in malignant tumors. DATA SOURCES Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed in English from 1999 to 2014, with keywords "dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI," "diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)," "microcirculation," "apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)," "treatment response" and "oncology." STUDY SELECTION Articles regarding principles of DCE-MRI, principles of DWI, clinical applications as well as opportunity and aspiration were identified, retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS A significant correlation between ADC values and treatment response was reported in most DWI studies. Most quantitative DCE-MRI studies showed a significant correlation between K trans values and treatment response. However, in different tumors and studies, both high and low pretreatment ADC or K trans values were found to be associated with response rate. Both DCE-MRI and DWI demonstrated changes in their parameters hours to days after treatment, showing a decrease in K trans or an increase in ADC associated with response in most cases. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of quantitative MRI play an important role in the evaluation of treatment response of malignant tumors and hold promise for use as a cancer treatment response biomarker. However, validation is hampered by the lack of reproducibility and standardization. MRI acquisition protocols and quantitative image analysis approaches should be properly addressed prior to further testing the clinical use of quantitative MRI parameters in the assessment of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Fang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has become a routine component of clinical MR imaging. Its unique soft tissue contrast mechanism exploits differences in the motion of water molecules in vivo at a biologically meaningful scale. The clinical potential of DWI in lesion detection, characterization, and response assessment has been explored. This review briefly covers basic principles of DWI and introduces advances, specifically for abdominopelvic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mannelli
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephanie Nougaret
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; St Eloi Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hebert A Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard K G Do
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Kaye TL, Tolan DJM. Update and current status of diffusion-weighted MRI in anorectal malignancy. COLORECTAL CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/crc.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MRI technique that yields unique information regarding the movement of water molecules at the cellular level. Now widely available and rapid to perform the sequence is increasingly utilized within abdominopelvic oncology, including anorectal cancer imaging. Unfortunately, the diffusion properties of anorectal tumors are complex and not fully understood, with areas of cellular tumor, necrosis and fibrosis co-existing. While DWI shows promise both for staging and in assessing treatment response in anorectal cancer, there remains a lack of consensus regarding its role and integration into standard MRI protocols. This article outlines the basic science behind DWI and reviews the current evidence base for its use in anorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Kaye
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Radiology, St James University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Damian JM Tolan
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Radiology, St James University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS9 7TF, UK
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21
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Sheth RA, Bittencourt LK, Guimaraes AR. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the male pelvis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2015; 22:145-63, v. [PMID: 24792675 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging is playing an increasingly important role in disease detection, prognostication, and monitoring of treatment response. Particularly in the realm of oncology, the potential applications for DW imaging continue to expand. In this article, the authors detail the role of DW imaging for pathologic processes involving the male pelvis. The authors describe the current data, new insights, and ongoing controversies regarding DW imaging of the male pelvis with a particular emphasis on oncologic applications. The authors also discuss imaging techniques and common pitfalls for DW imaging in this anatomic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Sheth
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leonardo K Bittencourt
- Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging, Clinica de Diagnostico por Imagem (CDPI), Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Av das Americas 4666, Sala 325, Rio de Janeiro 22640902, Brazil
| | - Alexander R Guimaraes
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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22
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Nguyen TLF, Soyer P, Fornès P, Rousset P, Kianmanesh R, Hoeffel C. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the rectum: clinical applications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:279-95. [PMID: 25132166 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatic advances in image quality over the past few years have made diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) a promising tool for rectal lesion evaluation. DW-MRI derives its image contrast from differences in the motion of water molecules between tissues. Such imaging can be performed quickly without the need for the administration of exogenous contrast medium. The technique yields qualitative and quantitative information that reflects changes at a cellular level and provides information about tumor cellularity and the integrity of cell membranes. The sensitivity to diffusion is obtained by applying two bipolar diffusion-sensitizing gradients to a standard T2-weighted spin echo sequence. The diffusion-sensitivity can be varied by adjusting the "b-factor", which represents the gradient duration, gradient amplitude and the time interval between the two gradients. The higher the b-value, the greater the signal attenuation from moving water protons. In this review, technical considerations relatively to image acquisition and to quantification methods applied to rectal DW-MRI are discussed. The current clinical applications of DW-MRI, either in the field of inflammatory or neoplastic rectal disease are reviewed. Also, limitations, mainly in terms of persistent lack of standardization or evaluation of tumoral response, and future directions of rectal DW-MRI are discussed. The potential utility of DW-MRI for the evaluation of rectal tumor response is on its way to being admitted but future well-designed and multicenter studies, as well as standardization of DW-MRI, are still required before a consensus can be reached upon how and when to use DW-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Soyer
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Paul Fornès
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Rousset
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, 1 place du Parvis de Notre Dame, 75181 Paris Cedex 4, France
| | - Reza Kianmanesh
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Christine Hoeffel
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
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23
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Feng Q, Yan YQ, Zhu J, Xu JR. T staging of rectal cancer: accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging compared with T2-weighted imaging on 3.0 tesla MRI. J Dig Dis 2014; 15:188-94. [PMID: 24373561 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the T staging of primary rectal cancer compared with T2-weighted (T2W) fast spin-echo imaging using 3.0 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS In total, 46 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent MRI examination before surgery were included in the study. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of DWI and T2W imaging (T2WI) for T staging of the tumors were evaluated, and interobserver agreement between the two radiologists was calculated. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracies of DWI and T2WI for the T staging of rectal cancer were 73.9% and 71.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI were 90.0% and 88.9% for diagnosing T1 tumors, 64.3% and 87.5% for T2 tumors, 77.8% and 89.3% for T3 tumors and 50.0% and 97.6% for T4 tumors, respectively; while the sensitivity and specificity of T2WI were 80.0% and 91.7% for T1 tumors, 64.3% and 78.1% for T2 tumors, 77.8% and 89.3% for T3 tumors and 50.0% and 100% for T4 tumors, respectively. There were no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity or specificity between DWI and T2WI no matter what kind of T stage was concerned (P > 0.05). The interobserver agreement was 0.74 for DWI and 0.63 for T2WI. CONCLUSIONS DWI can be applied as a useful tool for evaluating the T staging of rectal cancer. The interobserver agreement obtained by using DWI is better than that obtained by using T2WI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Ganten MK, Schuessler M, Bäuerle T, Muenter M, Schlemmer HP, Jensen A, Brand K, Dueck M, Dinkel J, Kopp-Schneider A, Fritzsche K, Stieltjes B. The role of perfusion effects in monitoring of chemoradiotherapy of rectal carcinoma using diffusion-weighted imaging. Cancer Imaging 2013; 13:548-56. [PMID: 24334520 PMCID: PMC3864228 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize and understand the therapy-induced changes in diffusion parameters in rectal carcinoma under chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The current literature shows conflicting results in this regard. We applied the intravoxel incoherent motion model, which allows for the differentiation between diffusion (D) and perfusion (f) effects, to further elucidate potential underlying causes for these divergent reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with primary rectal carcinoma undergoing preoperative CRT were examined before, during, and after neoadjuvant CRT using diffusion-weighted imaging. Using the intravoxel incoherent motion approach, f and D were extracted and compared with postoperative tumor downstaging and volume. RESULTS Initial diffusion-derived parameters were within a narrow range (D1 = 0.94 ± 0.12 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s). At follow-up, D rose significantly (D2 = 1.18 ± 0.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P < 0.0001) and continued to increase significantly after CRT (D3 = 1.24 ± 0.14 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P < 0.0001). The perfusion fraction f did not change significantly (f1 = 9.4 ± 2.0%, f2 = 9.4 ± 1.7%, f3 = 9.5 ± 2.7%). Mean volume (V) decreased significantly (V1 = 16,992 ± 13,083 mm(3); V2 = 12,793 ± 8317 mm(3), V3 = 9718 ± 6154 mm(3)). T-downstaging (10:18 patients) showed no significant correlation with diffusion-derived parameters. CONCLUSIONS Conflicting results in the literature considering apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in rectal carcinoma under CRT for patients showing T-downstaging are unlikely to be due to perfusion effects. Our data support the view that under effective therapy, an increase in D/ADC can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Katharina Ganten
- Department of Radiology (E010), German Cancer Research Center, INF 280 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schuessler
- Department of Radiology (E010), German Cancer Research Center, INF 280 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology (E020), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Muenter
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology (E010), German Cancer Research Center, INF 280 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Jensen
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Brand
- Department of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margret Dueck
- Department of Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Dinkel
- Department of Radiology (E010), German Cancer Research Center, INF 280 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Annette Kopp-Schneider
- Department of Biostatistics (C060), Medical Biostatistics German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fritzsche
- Medical and Biological Informatics (E130), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Quantitative Imaging Based Disease Characterization (E011), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bram Stieltjes
- Quantitative Imaging Based Disease Characterization (E011), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Boone D, Taylor SA, Halligan S. Diffusion weighted MRI: overview and implications for rectal cancer management. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15:655-61. [PMID: 23581820 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is an MRI technique that quantifies the movement of water molecules at a cellular level. As the diffusion properties of water vary in areas of necrosis, high cellularity, inflammation and fibrosis, this technique is inherently sensitive to different pathologies. Having become a well-established adjunct to standard sequences during neurological MRI, technological advances have enabled extrapolation to abdominopelvic imaging, including staging of rectal cancer. Scan acquisitions can be performed rapidly using widely available equipment and consequently there has been rapid dissemination into routine practice. However, while DWI shows promise for detecting, staging and monitoring rectal cancer response to therapy, the evidence base remains scant with no current consensus for technical protocols, interpretation or integration into rectal cancer management. Moreover, those studies available to date have a small sample size and few observers, and their results may not be generalizable to daily practice. This article outlines the physical principles of DWI, reviews the literature and suggests avenues for future research into this important technical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boone
- Department of Imaging, Colchester Hospital University Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Optimal treatment decisions for patients with rectal cancer are based on knowledge of tumor characteristics and prognostic features and any initial treatment must aim to reduce the risk of both local and distant recurrence. The radiologist has become an increasingly important part of multidisciplinary team managing rectal cancer. The primary goal of MRI staging of rectal tumors is to identify prognostic factors in order to offer patients a tailored treatment based on individual risks. Restaging of rectal tumors using MRI after chemoradiation therapy is becoming more relevant issue, since further tailoring of treatment is increasingly being considered after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Costa-Silva
- Department of Anatomy and Imaging, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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27
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Abstract
The efficiency of an oncological treatment regimen is often assessed by morphological criteria such as tumour size evaluated by cross-sectional imaging, or by laboratory measurements of plasma biomarkers. Because these types of measures typically allow for assessment of treatment response several weeks or even months after the start of therapy, earlier response assessment that provides insight into tumour function is needed. This is particularly urgent for the evaluation of newer targeted therapies and for fractionated therapies that are delivered over a period of weeks to allow for a change of treatment in non-responding patients. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) is a non-invasive imaging tool that does not involve radiation or contrast media, and is sensitive to tissue microstructure and function on a cellular level. DW-MRI parameters have shown sensitivity to treatment response in a growing number of tumour types and organ sites, with additional potential as predictive parameters for treatment outcome. A brief overview of DW-MRI principles is provided here, followed by a review of recent literature in which DW-MRI has been used to monitor and predict tumour response to various therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Bains
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Wang XH, Cheng YS. Advances in magnetic resonance molecular and functional imaging to diagnose pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:2063-2069. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i22.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate, which is generally related to the initial diagnosis coming at late stage disease combined with a lack of effective diagnostic techniques. Over the past few years, molecular-functional imaging, which can be defined as the in vivo characterization and measurement of biologic processes at the molecular and gene levels, has developed rapidly and allows diagnosing pancreatic cancer more early and specifically. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely used for molecular imaging because of the high spatial resolution. This paper reviews recent advances in MR molecular and functional imaging to diagnose pancreatic cancer.
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