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Li C, Ni S, Zhao L, Lin H, Yang X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Guo L, Jiang S, Tang N. Effects of PM 2.5 and high-fat diet on glucose and lipid metabolisms and role of MT-COX3 methylation in male rats. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108780. [PMID: 38821017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Both fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and high-fat diet (HFD) can cause changes in glucose and lipid metabolisms; however, the mechanism of their combined effects on glucose and lipid metabolisms is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PM2.5 and HFD co-exposure on glucose and lipid metabolisms and mitochondrial DNA methylation in Wistar rats. PM2.5 and HFD co-treatment led to an increase in fasting blood glucose levels, an alteration in glucose tolerance, and a decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in Wistar rats. In the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) increased and HOMA-insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) and HOMA-β cell function (HOMA-β) decreased in rats co-exposed to PM2.5 and HFD. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expressions were upregulated in the brown adipose tissue following PM2.5 and HFD co-exposure. Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylation levels of mitochondrially-encoded genes (MT-COX1, MT-COX2 and MT-COX3), and MT-COX3 was hypermethylated in the PM2.5 and HFD co-exposure group. Moreover, MT-COX3-Pos.2 mediated 36.41 % (95 % CI: -27.42, -0.75) of the total effect of PM2.5 and HFD exposure on HOMA-β. Our study suggests that PM2.5 and HFD co-exposure led to changes in glucose and lipid metabolisms in rats, which may be related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, followed by mitochondrial stress leading to MT-COX3 hypermethylation. Moreover, MT-COX3-Pos.2 was found for the first time as a mediator in the impact of co-exposure to PM2.5 and HFD on β-cell function. It could serve as a potential biomarker, offering fresh insights into the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shu Ni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Huishu Lin
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 32500, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 32500, China.
| | - Shoufang Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Khan S, Pati S, Singh S, Akhtar M, Khare P, Khan S, Shafi S, Najmi AK. Targeting hypercoagulation to alleviate Alzheimer's disease progression in metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:245-254. [PMID: 34686782 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) constitutes an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the mechanism linking these two disorders has not been completely elucidated. Hence, hypercoagulation may account for the missing hallmark connecting MetS and AD. The present review proposes how hemostatic imbalance triggered in MetS advances in the context of AD. MetS causes interruption of insulin signaling and inflammation, inciting insulin resistance in the brain. Subsequently, neuroinflammation and brain endothelial dysfunction are prompted that further intensify the exorbitant infiltration of circulating lipids and platelet aggregation, thereby causing hypercoagulable state, impairing fibrinolysis and eventually inducing prothrombic state in the brain leading to neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the role of hypercoagulation in triggering the progression of neurodegeneration in MetS. It also offers a few interventions to prevent the progression of AD in MetS targeting hypercoagulation. METHODS Literature studies based on MetS related neurodegeneration, the impact of coagulation on aggravating obesity and AD via the mechanisms of BBB disruption, neuroinflammation, and hypofibrinolysis. CONCLUSION The present paper proposes the hypothesis that hypercoagulation might amplify MetS associated insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and amyloid beta accumulation which eventually leads to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- Translational Neurobiology Laboratory. Host Pathogen Interactions & Disease Modeling Group, Dept. of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Pin-201314, UP, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Piush Khare
- Wave Pharma Regulatory Services Limited, New Delhi, India
| | - Saba Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Rachfal AW, Grant SFA, Schwartz SS. The Diabetes Syndrome - A Collection of Conditions with Common, Interrelated Pathophysiologic Mechanisms. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:923-936. [PMID: 33776471 PMCID: PMC7987256 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s305156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The four basic pathophysiologic mechanisms which damage the β-cell within diabetes (ie, genetic and epigenetic changes, inflammation, an abnormal environment, and insulin resistance [IR]) also contribute to cell and tissue damage and elevate the risk of developing all typical diabetes-related complications. Genetic susceptibility to damage from abnormal external and internal environmental factors has been described including inflammation and IR. All these mechanisms can promote epigenetic changes, and in total, these pathophysiologic mechanisms interact and react with each other to cause damage to cells and tissues ultimately leading to disease. Importantly, these pathophysiologic mechanisms also serve to link other common conditions including cancer, dementia, psoriasis, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The “Diabetes Syndrome”, an overarching group of interrelated conditions linked by these overlapping mechanisms, can be viewed as a conceptual framework that can facilitate understanding of the inter-relationships of superficially disparate conditions. Recognizing the association of the conditions within the Diabetes Syndrome due to common pathophysiologies has the potential to provide both benefit to the patient (eg, prevention, early detection, precision medicine) and to the advancement of medicine (eg, driving education, research, and dynamic decision-based medical practice).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley S Schwartz
- Stanley Schwartz MD, LLC, Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, PA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hendrickx JO, van Gastel J, Leysen H, Martin B, Maudsley S. High-dimensionality Data Analysis of Pharmacological Systems Associated with Complex Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:191-217. [PMID: 31843941 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that molecular reductionist views of highly complex human physiologic activity, e.g., the aging process, as well as therapeutic drug efficacy are largely oversimplifications. Currently some of the most effective appreciation of biologic disease and drug response complexity is achieved using high-dimensionality (H-D) data streams from transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, or epigenomic pipelines. Multiple H-D data sets are now common and freely accessible for complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Over the last decade our ability to interrogate these high-dimensionality data streams has been profoundly enhanced through the development and implementation of highly effective bioinformatic platforms. Employing these computational approaches to understand the complexity of age-related diseases provides a facile mechanism to then synergize this pathologic appreciation with a similar level of understanding of therapeutic-mediated signaling. For informative pathology and drug-based analytics that are able to generate meaningful therapeutic insight across diverse data streams, novel informatics processes such as latent semantic indexing and topological data analyses will likely be important. Elucidation of H-D molecular disease signatures from diverse data streams will likely generate and refine new therapeutic strategies that will be designed with a cognizance of a realistic appreciation of the complexity of human age-related disease and drug effects. We contend that informatic platforms should be synergistic with more advanced chemical/drug and phenotypic cellular/tissue-based analytical predictive models to assist in either de novo drug prioritization or effective repurposing for the intervention of aging-related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: All diseases, as well as pharmacological mechanisms, are far more complex than previously thought a decade ago. With the advent of commonplace access to technologies that produce large volumes of high-dimensionality data (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics), it is now imperative that effective tools to appreciate this highly nuanced data are developed. Being able to appreciate the subtleties of high-dimensionality data will allow molecular pharmacologists to develop the most effective multidimensional therapeutics with effectively engineered efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhana O Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., S.M.) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences (J.O.H., J.v.G., H.L., B.M., S.M.), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Deciphering the Role of WNT Signaling in Metabolic Syndrome–Linked Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:302-314. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Etchegoyen M, Nobile MH, Baez F, Posesorski B, González J, Lago N, Milei J, Otero-Losada M. Metabolic Syndrome and Neuroprotection. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:196. [PMID: 29731703 PMCID: PMC5919958 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Over the years the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has drastically increased in developing countries as a major byproduct of industrialization. Many factors, such as the consumption of high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle, bolster the spread of this disorder. Undoubtedly, the massive and still increasing incidence of MetS places this epidemic as an important public health issue. Hereon we revisit another outlook of MetS beyond its classical association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2), for MetS also poses a risk factor for the nervous tissue and threatens neuronal function. First, we revise a few essential concepts of MetS pathophysiology. Second, we explore some neuroprotective approaches in MetS pertaining brain hypoxia. The articles chosen for this review range from the years 1989 until 2017; the selection criteria was based on those providing data and exploratory information on MetS as well as those that studied innovative therapeutic approaches. Pathophysiology: The characteristically impaired metabolic pathways of MetS lead to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and hypoxia, all closely associated with an overall pro-oxidative status. Oxidative stress is well-known to cause the wreckage of cellular structures and tissue architecture. Alteration of the redox homeostasis and oxidative stress alter the macromolecular array of DNA, lipids, and proteins, in turn disrupting the biochemical pathways necessary for normal cell function. Neuroprotection: Different neuroprotective strategies are discussed involving lifestyle changes, medication aimed to mitigate MetS cardinal symptoms, and treatments targeted toward reducing oxidative stress. It is well-known that the routine practice of physical exercise, aerobic activity in particular, and a complete and well-balanced nutrition are key factors to prevent MetS. Nevertheless, pharmacological control of MetS as a whole and pertaining hypertension, dyslipidemia, and endothelial injury contribute to neuronal health improvement. Conclusion: The development of MetS has risen as a risk factor for neurological disorders. The therapeutic strategies include multidisciplinary approaches directed to address different pathological pathways all in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Etchegoyen
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana H Nobile
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Baez
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara Posesorski
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julian González
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor Lago
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Milei
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Institute of Cardiological Research, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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