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Ishaq M, Zhao L, Soliman MM, Althobaiti S, Al-Harthi HF, Albattal SB, Chengtao W. Ameliorative impacts of Sinapic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty arthritis and inflammation through different signaling pathways. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae130. [PMID: 39175811 PMCID: PMC11336067 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As known, gout a metabolic disease due to the urate crystals deposition in the joints and affect human health and state. Humans are looking for safe natural remedies from plants with safe, low cost and high effect on their health. Sinapic acid (SA) is found in plants and used as phytoconstituent in human diets. SA has strong antioxidant activity, bone-regenerative, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and antidiabetic effects. The current study was outlined to confirm the anti-gout potential of SA against monosodium urate crystals (MSU)-induced gouty arthritis in mice. Positive gouty arthritis was conducted by administration of colchicine and MSU in the hind paw. SA was orally administered to negative and positive MSU arthritic mice at 25 and 50 mg/kg, one-hour before MSU injection (100 μg/kg intra-articular). At the end of the experiment, sampling was done for serum, histopathology, oxidative stress and gene expression analysis. The results showed that SA significantly recovered the joint edema and recovered MSU crystals-showed histopathological changes. The production of cytokines, leukocyte recruitment, oxidative stress, and nucleotide-binding domain, leucinerich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome genes expressions were increased in positive arthritic mice and ameliorated significantly by SA administration. Moreover, SA showed ameliorative impacts on air pouch model of mice as reported by the down regulation in the expression of inflammation related blood cells, proinflammatory cytokines and other transcriptional genes. In conclusion, sinapic acid showed a potential therapeutic use against side effects accompanying gouty arthritis and is good as a supplement against inflammation associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishaq
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saed Althobaiti
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helal F Al-Harthi
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha B Albattal
- General Science and English Language Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wang Chengtao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Raeeszadeh M, Moradian M, Khademi N, Amiri AA. The Effectiveness of Time in Treatment with Vitamin C and Broccoli Extract on Cadmium Poisoning in Mice: Histological Changes of Testicular Tissue and Cell Apoptotic Index. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3278-3292. [PMID: 37821783 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The growth rate of reproductive system disorders caused by heavy metals is undeniable. The effect of time and interfering compounds are also of paramount importance. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of broccoli extract and vitamin C in the context of cadmium poisoning on various reproductive parameters in mice, with a specific focus on the influence of time. A total of one hundred and forty-four male mice were randomly assigned to six groups. The control (C) group received only water and a standard diet without any interventions. The Cd group received a single intraperitoneal dose of cadmium chloride at 1.5 mg/kg. The cadmium intervention groups were administered broccoli extract at dosages of 100 mg/kg (Cd + B100), 200 mg/kg (Cd + B200), and 300 mg/kg (Cd + B300), respectively. Additionally, the Cd + VC group was treated with cadmium and vitamin C at 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally for a duration of 28 days. At the end of each week (four stages), five animals were randomly chosen from each group. Epididymal sperm were subjected to analysis for sperm parameters, while testicular tissue sections were examined for histological studies, apoptosis index, and markers of oxidative stress. The influence of time on body and testis weight gain was notably significant in the Cd + B300 and Cd + VC groups (p = 0.001). In all groups, except for Cd + B100, there were marked increases in spermatogenic cell lines and the Johnson coefficient compared to the Cd group (p = 0.001). These changes were particularly pronounced in the Cd + VC and Cd + B300 groups with respect to time (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a discernible positive impact of time on sperm count in the high-dose broccoli and vitamin C groups, although this effect did not reach significance in terms of sperm motility and vitality. Over time, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in the Cd + VC, Cd + B200, and Cd + B300 groups (p = 0.001). The apoptosis index in testicular tissue reached its highest level in the Cd group and its lowest level in the Cd + B300 and Cd + VC groups during the fourth week (p < 0.05). Linolenic acid, indole, and sulforaphane were identified as the most potent compounds in broccoli during this intervention. Consequently, vitamin C and broccoli extract at a dosage of 300 mg/kg demonstrated significant enhancements in reproductive performance in cases of cadmium poisoning. Overall, the influence of time significantly amplified the process of spermatogenesis and sperm production, with no observable changes in sperm viability and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Midia Moradian
- Graduate of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nadia Khademi
- Graduate of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Edo GI, Onoharigho FO, Jikah AN, Agbo JJ. The ameliorative effect of methanol extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaves on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38839563 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2362891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of antioxidants that are produced naturally. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the plant Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) in the attenuation of paracetamol (PCM) hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male albino Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 250 g were divided into four groups, with six rats each. Group 1 served as the control group, receiving just distilled water. Groups 2 and 3 received orally 250 mg/kg bwt/day PCM and 300 mg/kg bwt/day methanol extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaves for two weeks, respectively. For group 4, the Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaf extract was pre-administered for 1 week before receiving 300 mg/kg bwt/day Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) leaves extract and 250 mg/kg bwt/day PCM for 2 weeks. As a marker of liver damage, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Liver tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase activities were utilized to determine antioxidant state, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was employed as a lipid peroxidation indicator. When compared to the control group, the activities of serum AST, ALT, SOD, and MDA levels were considerably (p < 0.05) higher in the PCM group, although GSH level and GST and catalase activities were significantly lower. In comparison to the PCM group, co-administration of PCM with Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) extract decreased serum AST and ALT activities. This study shows that the leaf extracts of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) protects Wistar rats' livers from PCM-induced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Great Iruoghene Edo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science & Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joy Johnson Agbo
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Li J, Koonyosying P, Korsieporn W, Paradee N, Hutachok N, Xu H, Ma Y, Chuljerm H, Srichairatanakool S. Deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid attenuates iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defenses in iron-loaded human Huh7 hepatic cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1364261. [PMID: 38572444 PMCID: PMC10987756 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1364261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are complications of thalassemia with iron overload. Iron chelators are required to remove excessive iron, and antioxidants are supplemented to diminish harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), purposing to ameliorate oxidative liver damage and dysfunctions. The deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid (DFP-RVT) is a synthetic iron chelator possessing anti-β-amyloid peptide aggregation, anti-malarial activity, and hepatoprotection in plasmodium-infected mice. The study focuses on investigating the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, iron-chelating, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense properties of DFP-RVT in iron-loaded human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) cells. In the findings, DFP-RVT dose dependently bound Fe(II) and Fe(III) and exerted stronger ABTS•- and DPPH•-scavenging (IC50 = 8.0 and 164 μM, respectively) and anti-RBC hemolytic activities (IC50 = 640 μM) than DFP but weaker than RVT (p < 0.01). DFP-RVT was neither toxic to Huh7 cells nor PBMCs. In addition, DFP-RVT diminished the level of redox-active iron (p < 0.01) and decreased the non-heme iron content (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells effectively when compared without treatment in the order of DFP-RVT > RVT ∼ DFP treatments (50 µM each). Moreover, the compound decreased levels of hepatic ROS in a dose-dependent manner and the level of malondialdehyde, which was stronger than DFP but weaker than RVT. Furthermore, DFP-RVT restored the decrease in the GSH content and GPX and SOD activities (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells in the dose-dependent manner, consistently in the order of RVT > DFP-RVT > DFP. Thus, the DFP-RVT hybrid possesses potent iron chelation, antioxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense against oxidative liver damage under iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woranontee Korsieporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narisara Paradee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Honghong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hataichanok Chuljerm
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Roy L, Pan N, Mondal S, Ghosh R, Hasan MN, Bhattacharyya N, Singh S, Bhattacharyya K, Chattopadhyay A, Pal SK. Ultrafast spectroscopic studies on the interaction of reactive oxygen species with a probe impregnated in nanoscopic and microscopic matrix formulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123671. [PMID: 38000325 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays important role to maintain homeostasis in living bodies. Here we have studied interaction of ROS generated from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a well-known spectroscopic probe Rose Bengal (RB) encapsulated in nanoscopic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles in aqueous medium and entrapped in microscopic nylon 66 solid matrix generated using electrospinning technique. A detailed spectroscopic characterization of ROS with SDS encapsulated RB (RB-SDS) shows efficient interaction compared to that in bulk medium. The time resolved analysis on the probe based on femtosecond resolved 2D-spectrum time images collected from streak camera reveal the simultaneous existence of an ultrafast electron (∼6 ps) and a hole transfer mechanism (∼93 ps) resulting from generation of hydroxyl radicals through photobleaching of the probe in presence of H2O2. Based on the spectroscopic and time resolved studies of RB in bulk and in restricted (SDS) medium, we have further translated it for the development of an in-field prototype device which utilizes RB as a ROS sensor impregnated in a nylon thin film. The microscopic nylon solid matrix characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows porous structure for holding sample containing ROS. Our study quantitatively measures the amount of ROS by using RB embedded microfiber membrane. Thus, our developed prototype device based on RB embedded on the nylon matrix would be beneficial for the potential use in quantification of ROS in extracellular fluids and food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Roy
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, JD-2, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Nivedita Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Ria Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Md Nur Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Neha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Rd, Machuabazar, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Soumendra Singh
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, JD-2, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Kallol Bhattacharyya
- Department of Applied Optics and Photonics, JD-2, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 106, India
| | - Arpita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Techno International New Town, Block - DG 1/2 New Town, Action Area 1, Kolkata 700156, India.
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata 700 106, India.
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Aghajanshakeri S, Salmanmahiny A, Aghajanshakeri S, Babaei A, Alishahi F, Babayani E, Shokrzadeh M. Modulatory effect of amifostine (WR-1065) against genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:755-765. [PMID: 37537746 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2238069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Amifostine is used in chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a cytoprotective adjuvant alongside DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agents. It functions by reducing free radicals and detoxifying harmful metabolites. Methotrexate, as an antimetabolite drug has been considered for treating various cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, the cytotoxic effects of methotrexate extend beyond tumor cells to crucial organs, including the heart. This study applied the HUVEC cell line as a reference in vitro model for researching the characteristics of vascular endothelium and cardiotoxicity. The current study aimed to assess amifostine's potential cytoprotective properties against methotrexate-induced cellular damage. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptotic rates were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining via flow cytometry. The genoprotective effect of amifostine was determined using the comet assay. Cells were exposed to various amifostine doses (10-200 μg/mL) and methotrexate (2.5 μM) in pretreatment culture condition. Methotrexate at 2.5 μM revealed cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity while highlighting amifostine's cyto/geno protective properties on HUVECs. Amifostine significantly decreased the levels of ROS and LPO while preserving the status of GSH and SOD activity. Furthermore, it inhibited genotoxicity (tail length, %DNA in tail, and tail moment) in the comet assay. Amifostine markedly attenuated methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell death (early and late apoptotic rates). These findings convey that amifostine can operate as a cytoprotectant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Aghajanshakeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salmanmahiny
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghajanshakeri
- Biological Oncology (Orchid Pharmed) Department, CinnaGen Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farhad Alishahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erfan Babayani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Janša V, Osredkar J, Verdenik I, Rižner TL, Ban Frangež H. Oxidative stress markers cannot be used as endometriosis biomarkers in infertile patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2242956. [PMID: 37607570 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2242956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endometriosis is a common benign gynaecological disease that significantly compromises the quality of life of patients. To date, invasive surgery is the method of choice to visually and histologically confirm endometriosis. Thus, there is a major interest to develop noninvasive diagnostic tools. Oxidative stress is one of the proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis and may be involved in pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility in endometriosis patients. Thus, markers of oxidative stress may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis. DESIGN This prospective case-control study assessed erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), serum hexanoyl lysine (HEL) and peritoneal fluid HEL. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS We enrolled 86 women with primary infertility; the case group included 57 women with endometriosis, and the control group included 29 women with unexplained primary infertility. All the patients underwent laparoscopy, and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. RANDOX and RANSEL reagents were used to determine the levels of SOD and GPX, respectively, and ELISA was used to determine the levels of HEL. RESULTS We found no statistically significant differences in the erythrocyte levels of GPX (p value 0.623) or SOD (p value 0.122) or the serum or peritoneal fluid levels of HEL (p value 0.562 and 0.329 accordingly). CONCLUSIONS SOD, GPX, and HEL levels most likely do not differ between patients with unexplained infertility and patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Janša
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Verdenik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Ban Frangež
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Navruz-Varli S, Bilici S, Ari A, Ertürk-Ari P, Ilhan MN, O Gaga E. Organic pollutant exposure and health effects of cooking emissions on kitchen staff in food services. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13093. [PMID: 36040287 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the exposure and health risk to cooking fumes of a total of 88 volunteer kitchen staff aged between 18 and 65 years working in five different kitchens in Ankara. Gas- and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compound (VOCs) concentrations were evaluated in the indoor air of 5 kitchens. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were analyzed to determine the oxidative damage as a result of the exposure to cooking fumes among the cooks and waiters. Significant positive relationships were found between serum MDA levels of the hot kitchen workers and indoor chrysene (Chr), indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (Ind), and total VOC levels. Although the carcinogenic risks estimated for the exposed population were between the acceptable/tolerable levels, the hazard quotient (HQ) estimated for the exposure to indoor benzene exceeded the safe level. The results of the study revealed that exposure to organic pollutants in indoor air may be a risk factor for the development of oxidative stress, especially in hot kitchen workers. The importance of efficient ventilation in the kitchen has been pointed out to reduce health risks caused by cooking fumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Akif Ari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkiye
| | - Pelin Ertürk-Ari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkiye
| | | | - Eftade O Gaga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkiye
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Miao F. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates DSS–induced Colitis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Modulating Gut Microbiota in vivo. Nutrition 2021; 97:111579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Neganova M, Liu J, Aleksandrova Y, Klochkov S, Fan R. Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6062. [PMID: 34885171 PMCID: PMC8657135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Neganova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Sergey Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Erqi, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (M.N.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Barros B, Oliveira M, Morais S. Firefighters' occupational exposure: Contribution from biomarkers of effect to assess health risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106704. [PMID: 34161906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Firefighting is physically and physiologically exhausting besides encompassing exposure to toxic fire emissions. Biomonitoring studies from the past five years have been significantly contributing to characterize the occupational-related health effects in this group of professionals and to improve risk assessment. Therefore, this study gathers and critically discusses the most characterized biomarkers of effect (oxidative stress, DNA and protein damage, stress hormones, inflammation, and vascular, lung, and liver injury), including those potentially more promising to be explored in future studies, and their relation with health outcomes. Various studies proved an association between exposures to fire emissions and/or heat and significantly altered values of biomarkers of inflammation (soluble adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and leucocyte count), vascular damage and tissue injury (pentraxin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cardiac troponin T) in firefighting forces. Moreover, preliminary data of DNA damage in blood, urinary mutagenicity and 8-isoprostaglandin in exhaled breath condensate suggest that these biomarkers of oxidative stress should be further explored. However, most of the reported studies are based on cross-sectional designs, which limit full identification and characterization of the risk factors and their association with development of work-related diseases. Broader studies based on longitudinal designs and strongly supported by the analysis of several types of biomarkers in different biological fluids are further required to gain deeper insights into the firefighters occupational related health hazards and contribute to implementation of new or improved surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Barros
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto.
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12
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Settapramote N, Utama-ang N, Petiwathayakorn T, Settakorn K, Svasti S, Srichairatanakool S, Koonyosying P. Antioxidant Effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Riceberry™ Rice Flour Prepared Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Technology on Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:4978. [PMID: 34443567 PMCID: PMC8399969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-active iron generates reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative organ dysfunction. Thus, the anti-oxidative systems in the body and certain dietary antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, are needed to control oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology in the preparation of Riceberry™ rice flour (PRBF) on iron-induced oxidative stress in mice. PRBF using plasma technology was rich in anthocyanins, mainly cyanidine-3-glucoside and peonidine-3-glucoside. PRBF (5 mg AE/mg) lowered WBC numbers in iron dextran (FeDex)-loaded mice and served as evidence of the reversal of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the loading mice. Consequently, the PRBF treatment was observed to be more effective than NAC treatment. PRBF would be a powerful supplementary and therapeutic antioxidant product that is understood to be more potent than NAC in ameliorating the effects of iron-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natwalinkhol Settapramote
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (N.U.-a.)
- Cluster of High Value Product from Thai Rice for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Surin Campus, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin 32000, Thailand
| | - Niramon Utama-ang
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (N.U.-a.)
- Cluster of High Value Product from Thai Rice for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Touchwin Petiwathayakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kornvipa Settakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 71300, Thailand;
| | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (K.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.P.); (K.S.); (S.S.)
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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Miao F, Shan C, Shah SAH, Akhtar RW, Wang X, Ning D. Effect of walnut (Juglans sigillata) oil on intestinal antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation in mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13567. [PMID: 33222270 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation in mice (n = 60; 15 mice/group) after intragastric administration of walnut oil (WO; three groups (low (LD), medium (MD), and high doses (HD): 2.5, 5, and 10 ml/kg, respectively) and normal control (NC, saline). WO significantly increased the median villous height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in intestinal mucosa. WO exerted the anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the duodenal mucosa. All groups shared 157 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% similarity) representing nine phyla. The relative abundance in gut microbiota shifted from more pathogenic bacteria-Helicobacter (NC: 22% versus MD: 3%) toward probiotic-Lactobacillus (NC: 19% versus MD: 40%). The immune organ index (spleen) and contents of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) were increased from small intestine. In conclusion, WO decreased the oxidative stress, inflammation, and improved the immunity and beneficial gut microbiota in the mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Walnut oil (WO) is widely used in traditional medicine around the world and is prescribed as beneficial food oil in agro-industry. However, the intestinal benefits of WO have not been explored extensively, and even its therapeutic mechanism still remains unknown in modern medicine. In this study, WO from Juglans sigillata was investigated for its preventive and protective effects on the intestinal mucosa in mice including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunity, and gut microbiota modulation. WO decreased the oxidative stress, inflammation, and improved immunity and beneficial gut microbiota in the mice. WO has shown strong probiotic effect on the gut, and thus, can be considered as a potential candidate in food. The study outcome would enhance utilization of WO for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., Helicobacter, etc.) both in animals and human (inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD) and the formulation of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Miao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Syed Aftab Hussain Shah
- Pakistan Scientific & Technological Information Center, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
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15
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Plasma proteomics-based identification of novel biomarkers in early gastric cancer. Clin Biochem 2020; 76:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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17
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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