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Smorodin EP. Prospects and Challenges of the Study of Anti-Glycan Antibodies and Microbiota for the Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111608. [PMID: 34769037 PMCID: PMC8584091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a large amount of data has been accumulated in various subfields of glycobiology. However, much clinically relevant data and many tools are still not widely used in medicine. Synthetic glycoconjugates with the known structure of glycans are an accurate tool for the study of glycan-binding proteins. We used polyacrylamide glycoconjugates (PGs) including PGs with tumour-associated glycans (TAGs) in immunoassays to assess the prognostic potential of the serum level of anti-glycan antibodies (AG Abs) in gastrointestinal cancer patients and found an association of AG Abs with survival. The specificity of affinity-isolated AG Abs was investigated using synthetic and natural glycoconjugates. AG Abs showed mainly a low specificity to tumour-associated and tumour-derived mucins; therefore, the protective role of the examined circulating AG Abs against cancer remains a challenge. In this review, our findings are analysed and discussed in the context of the contribution of bacteria to the AG Abs stimulus and cancer progression. Examples of the influence of pathogenic bacteria colonising tumours on cancer progression and patient survival through mechanisms of interaction with tumours and dysregulated immune response are considered. The possibilities and problems of the integrative study of AG Abs and the microbiome using high-performance technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniy P Smorodin
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
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An Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Xu X, Philips CA, Chen J, Méndez-Sánchez N, Guo X, Qi X. Role of Galectins in the Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:744518. [PMID: 34778306 PMCID: PMC8578830 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.744518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, are related to the development and progression of various human diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. However, its role in liver diseases is unclear. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs were pooled to evaluate the association of the galectins with the outcomes and risk of liver diseases by a random effects model. Results: Thirty three studies involving 43 cohorts and 4,168 patients with liver diseases were included. In the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high expression of galectin-1 and -3 in the tissues was significantly associated with worse overall survival (galectin-1: HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.61-2.34, p < 0.001; galectin-3: HR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.62-6.68, p < 0.001) and positive vascular invasion (galectin-1: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.18-2.58, p = 0.005; galectin-3: OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.58-5.60, p = 0.001); but, high expression of galectin-4 and -9 in the tissues was significantly associated with better overall survival (galectin-4: HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.79, p = 0.002; galectin-9: HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.44-0.71, p < 0.001) and negative vascular invasion (galectin-4: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19-0.72, p = 0.003; galectin-9: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37-0.97, p = 0.037). Serum galectin-3 level was significantly higher in HCC (MD = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.79-4.32, p < 0.001), liver failure (MD = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.23-0.66, p < 0.001), liver cirrhosis (MD = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.15-2.51, p < 0.001), and chronic active hepatitis B (MD = 18.95, 95% CI = 10.91-27.00, p < 0.001); serum galectin-9 level was significantly higher in HCC (MD = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.57-4.91, p < 0.001) and autoimmune hepatitis (MD = 8.80, 95% CI = 7.61-9.99, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High galectin-1 and -3 and low galectin-4 and -9 expression indicate worse outcomes of patients with HCC. Serum galectin-3 and -9 levels are positively associated with the risk of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Postgraduate College, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- The Liver Unit and Monarch Liver Laboratory, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Center, Kochi, India
| | - Jiang Chen
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation and Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xiaozhong Guo
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Meta-Analysis Study Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Li L, Wang J, Li Z, Qiu S, Cao J, Zhao Y, Huang Z, He J, Luo F, Yang K. Diagnostic Value of Serum lncRNA HOTAIR Combined with Galectin-3 in Benign and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6517-6525. [PMID: 34447269 PMCID: PMC8382966 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s312784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. LncRNA HOTAIR (HOx Transcript AntIsense RNA) and Galectin-3 are involved in PTC. This study explored the clinical effect of lncRNA HOTAIR/Galectin-3 on PTC patients. Methods Subjects were assigned into PTC (160 cases) and benign thyroid tumor groups (150 cases). Fasting peripheral venous blood was collected. LncRNA HOTAIR/Galectin-3 expressions in serum were detected. Subjects were assigned into HOTAIR/Glactin-3 high/low expression groups and their correlation with age, gender, BMI, tumor size, pathological stage, TSH, TPO-Ab, and TG-Ab in PTC was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted on diagnostic efficacy of HOTAIR or/and Galectin-3. The difference of area under the curve (AUC) was compared and analyzed. Results HOTAIR and Glactin-3 were higher in PTC group and correlated with tumor pathological stage. Higher HOTAIR/Glactin-3 expression indicated a more advanced TNM stage. LncRNA HOTAIR was positively correlated with TPO-Ab and TG-Ab. AUC of HOTAIR for PTC diagnosis was 0.895, with 96.00% specificity and 80.63% sensitivity. AUC of Glactin-3 for PTC diagnosis was 0.817, with 66.67% specificity and 78.75% sensitivity. AUC of HOTAIR combining with Glactin-3 for PTC diagnosis was 0.969 with 96.00% specificity and 87.50% sensitivity. AUC of lncRNA HOTAIR was higher than that of Glactin-3, while AUC of the combination was higher than that of lncRNA HOTAIR or Glactin-3. Conclusion LncRNA HOTAIR and Glactin-3 were highly expressed in PTC. The combination detection of lncRNA HOTAIR/Glactin-3 had higher diagnostic efficiency on the differential diagnosis of benign thyroid tumor and PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongquan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yunnan General Hospital of Armed Police, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Cao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfan Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feipeng Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Baoshan City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunxian Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, People's Republic of China
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Pankiewicz K, Fijałkowska A, Issat T, Maciejewski TM. Insight into the Key Points of Preeclampsia Pathophysiology: Uterine Artery Remodeling and the Role of MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3132. [PMID: 33808559 PMCID: PMC8003365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia affects about 3-8% of all pregnancies. It represents a complex and multifaceted syndrome with at least several potential pathways leading to the development of disease. The main dogma in preeclampsia is the two-stage model of disease. Stage 1 (placental stage) takes place in early pregnancy and is thought to be impaired placentation due to inadequate trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries that leads to reduced placental perfusion and release of numerous biological factors causing endothelial damage and development of acute maternal syndrome with systemic multiorgan failure (stage 2-the onset of maternal clinical symptoms, maternal stage). Recently, in the light of the vast body of evidence, two-stage model of preeclampsia has been updated with a few novel pathways leading to clinical manifestation in the second part of pregnancy. This paper reviews current state of knowledge about pathophysiology of preeclampsia and places particular focus on the recent advances in understanding of uterine artery remodeling alterations, as well as the role of microRNAs in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pankiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (T.M.M.)
| | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Issat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (T.M.M.)
| | - Tomasz M. Maciejewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (T.M.M.)
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