1
|
Wang X, Liao S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Mei L, Li H. Hybridization, polyploidization, and morphological convergence make dozens of taxa into one chaotic genetic pool: a phylogenomic case of the Ficus erecta species complex (Moraceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354812. [PMID: 38595762 PMCID: PMC11002808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Ficus erecta complex, characterized by its morphological diversity and frequent interspecific overlap, shares pollinating fig wasps among several species. This attribute, coupled with its intricate phylogenetic relationships, establishes it as an exemplary model for studying speciation and evolutionary patterns. Extensive researches involving RADseq (Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing), complete chloroplast genome data, and flow cytometry methods were conducted, focusing on phylogenomic analysis, genetic structure, and ploidy detection within the complex. Significantly, the findings exposed a pronounced nuclear-cytoplasmic conflict. This evidence, together with genetic structure analysis, confirmed that hybridization within the complex is a frequent occurrence. The ploidy detection revealed widespread polyploidy, with certain species exhibiting multiple ploidy levels, including 2×, 3×, and 4×. Of particular note, only five species (F. abelii, F. erecta, F. formosana, F. tannoensis and F. vaccinioides) in the complex were proved to be monophyletic. Species such as F. gasparriniana, F. pandurata, and F. stenophylla were found to encompass multiple phylogenetically distinct lineages. This discovery, along with morphological comparisons, suggests a significant underestimation of species diversity within the complex. This study also identified F. tannoensis as an allopolyploid species originating from F. vaccinioide and F. erecta. Considering the integration of morphological, molecular systematics, and cytological evidences, it is proposed that the scope of the F. erecta complex should be expanded to the entire subsect. Frutescentiae. This would redefine the complex as a continuously evolving group comprising at least 33 taxa, characterized by blurred species boundaries, frequent hybridization and polyploidization, and ambiguous genetic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhang Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Li Mei
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pollinator sharing, copollination, and speciation by host shifting among six closely related dioecious fig species. Commun Biol 2022; 5:284. [PMID: 35396571 PMCID: PMC8993897 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate pollination mutualism between figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and pollinator wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera) is a classic example of cospeciation. However, examples of phylogenetic incongruencies between figs and their pollinators suggest that pollinators may speciate by host shifting. To investigate the mechanism of speciation by host shifting, we examined the phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structures of six closely related fig species and their pollinators from southern China and Taiwan-Ryukyu islands using various molecular markers. The results revealed 1) an extraordinary case of pollinator sharing, in which five distinct fig species share a single pollinator species in southern China; 2) two types of copollination, namely, sympatric copollination by pollinator duplication or pollinator migration, and allopatric copollination by host migration and new pollinator acquisition; 3) fig species from southern China have colonized Taiwan repeatedly and one of these events has been followed by host shifting, reestablishment of host specificity, and pollinator speciation, in order. Based on our results, we propose a model for pollinator speciation by host shifting in which the reestablishment of host-specificity plays a central role in the speciation process. These findings provide important insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying pollinator speciation and host specificity in obligate pollination mutualism. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses reveal mechanisms of pollinator sharing, copollination and speciation by host-shift in fig-wasp mutualism.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shepherd LD, Ann Smith C, Lowe BJ, Campbell D, Ngarimu R. The identification of plants used to make tapa artefacts: development of a reference DNA database and trial of non-destructive DNA extraction methods. J R Soc N Z 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1981402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lare D. Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Ann Smith
- Archaeology, School of Social Science, University of Otago/Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Donna Campbell
- Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodriguez LJ, Bain A, Chou LS, Conchou L, Cruaud A, Gonzales R, Hossaert-McKey M, Rasplus JY, Tzeng HY, Kjellberg F. Diversification and spatial structuring in the mutualism between Ficus septica and its pollinating wasps in insular South East Asia. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:207. [PMID: 28851272 PMCID: PMC5576367 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific interactions have long been assumed to play an important role in diversification. Mutualistic interactions, such as nursery pollination mutualisms, have been proposed as good candidates for diversification through co-speciation because of their intricate nature. However, little is known about how speciation and diversification proceeds in emblematic nursery pollination systems such as figs and fig wasps. Here, we analyse diversification in connection with spatial structuring in the obligate mutualistic association between Ficus septica and its pollinating wasps throughout the Philippines and Taiwan. RESULTS Ceratosolen wasps pollinating F. septica are structured into a set of three vicariant black coloured species, and a fourth yellow coloured species whose distribution overlaps with those of the black species. However, two black pollinator species were found to co-occur on Lanyu island. Microsatellite data on F. septica indicates the presence of three gene pools that broadly mirrors the distribution of the three black clades. Moreover, receptive fig odours, the specific message used by pollinating wasps to locate their host tree, varied among locations. CONCLUSIONS F. septica and its black pollinator clades exhibited similar geographic structuring. This could be due originally to geographic barriers leading to isolation, local adaptation, and finally co-structuring. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of two black pollinator species on Lanyu island suggests that the parapatric distribution of the black clades is now maintained by the inability of migrating individuals of black pollinators to establish populations outside their range. On the other hand, the distribution of the yellow clade strongly suggests an initial case of character displacement followed by subsequent range extension: in our study system, phenotypic or microevolutionary plasticity has allowed the yellow clade to colonise hosts presenting distinct odours. Hence, while variation in receptive fig odours allows specificity in the interaction, this variation does not necessarily lead to coevolutionary plant-insect diversification. Globally, our results evidence evolutionary plasticity in the fig-fig wasp mutualism. This is the first documentation of the presence of two distinct processes in pollinating fig wasp diversification on a host species: the formation of vicariant species and the co-occurrence of other species over large parts of their ranges probably made possible by character displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS—Université de Montpellier—Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier—EPHE, Montpellier, France
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Anthony Bain
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Siang Chou
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lucie Conchou
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS—Université de Montpellier—Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier—EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris—ECOSENS, INRA-UPMC, Versailles, France
| | | | - Regielene Gonzales
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Martine Hossaert-McKey
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS—Université de Montpellier—Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier—EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hsy-Yu Tzeng
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Finn Kjellberg
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS—Université de Montpellier—Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier—EPHE, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wachi N, Kusumi J, Tzeng HY, Su ZH. Genome-wide sequence data suggest the possibility of pollinator sharing by host shift in dioecious figs (Moraceae,Ficus). Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5732-5746. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nakatada Wachi
- JT Biohistory Research Hall; 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki Osaka 569-1125 Japan
| | - Junko Kusumi
- Department of Environmental Changes; Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hsy-Yu Tzeng
- Department of Forestry; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 402 Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hui Su
- JT Biohistory Research Hall; 1-1 Murasaki-cho Takatsuki Osaka 569-1125 Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moe AM, Weiblen GD. Pollinator-mediated reproductive isolation among dioecious fig species (Ficus, Moraceae). Evolution 2012. [PMID: 23206130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extent of isolation among closely related sympatric plant species engaged in obligate pollination mutualisms depends on the fitness consequences of interspecies floral visitation. In figs (Ficus), interspecific gene flow may occur when pollinating wasps (Agaonidae) visit species other than their natal fig species. We studied reproductive isolation in a clade of six sympatric dioecious fig species in New Guinea. Microsatellite genotyping and Bayesian clustering analysis of the fig community indicated strong reproductive barriers among sympatric species. A total of 1-2% of fig populations consisted of hybrid individuals. A new experimental method of manipulating fig wasps investigated the reproductive consequences of conspecific and heterospecific pollinator visitation for both mutualists. Fig wasps introduced to Ficus hispidioides pollinated and oviposited in receptive figs. Seed development and seedling growth were largely comparable between conspecific and heterospecific crosses. Heterospecific pollinator fitness, however, was significantly less than that of conspecific pollinators. Heterospecific pollinators induced gall formation but offspring did not develop to maturity in the new host. Selection on pollinators maintaining host specificity appears to be an important mechanism of contemporary reproductive isolation among these taxa that could potentially influence their diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Moe
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 114 Life Sciences Complex, 107 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kusumi J, Azuma H, Tzeng HY, Chou LS, Peng YQ, Nakamura K, Su ZH. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a hybrid origin of the figs (Moraceae: Ficus) that are endemic to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 63:168-79. [PMID: 22281208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Ogasawara Islands are oceanic islands and harbor a unique endemic flora. There are three fig species (Ficus boninsimae, F. nishimurae and F. iidaiana) endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, and these species have been considered to be closely related to Ficus erecta, and to have diverged within the islands. However, this hypothesis remains uncertain. To investigate this issue, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships of the Ogasawara figs and their close relatives occurring in Japan, Taiwan and South China based on six plastid genome regions, nuclear ITS region and two nuclear genes. The plastid genome-based tree indicated a close relationship between the Ogasawara figs and F. erecta, whereas some of the nuclear gene-based trees suggested this relationship was not so close. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses of the pollinating wasps associated with these fig species based on the nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytB genes suggested that the fig-pollinating wasps of F. erecta are not sister to those of the Ogasawara figs These results suggest the occurrence of an early hybridization event(s) in the lineage leading to the Ogasawara figs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kusumi
- JT Biohistory Research Hall, 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|