1
|
Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part II: Hematopoietic system, lung and liver. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:228-249. [PMID: 36773331 PMCID: PMC10036110 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data have greatly contributed to the estimation of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, studies using animal models have made significant contributions to provide quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The current article aims at compiling the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. This review focuses specifically on the results that explain the biological mechanisms underlying dose-rate effects and their potential involvement in radiation-induced carcinogenic processes. Since the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept together with the key events holds promise for improving the estimation of radiation risk at low doses and low dose-rates, the review intends to scrutinize dose-rate dependency of the key events in animal models and to consider novel key events involved in the dose-rate effects, which enables identification of important underlying mechanisms for linking animal experimental and human epidemiological studies in a unified manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author, Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel:+81-95-819-7116; Fax:+81-95-819-7117; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Braga-Tanaka I, Tanaka S, Kohda A, Takai D, Nakamura S, Ono T, Tanaka K, Komura JI. Experimental studies on the biological effects of chronic low dose-rate radiation exposure in mice: overview of the studies at the Institute for Environmental Sciences. Int J Radiat Biol 2018. [PMID: 29533133 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1451048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of experiments conducted in the Institute for Environmental Sciences for the past 21 years, focusing on the biological effects of long-term low dose-rate radiation exposure on mice. Mice were chronically exposed to gamma rays at dose-rates of 0.05, 1 or 20 mGy/day for 400 days to total doses of 20, 400 or 8000 mGy, respectively. The dose rate 0.05 mGy/day is comparable to the dose limit for radiation workers. The parameters examined were lifespan, neoplasm incidence, antineoplasm immunity, body weight, chromosome aberration(s), gene mutation(s), alterations in mRNA and protein levels and trans-generational effects. At 20 mGy/day, all biological endpoints were significantly altered except neoplasm incidence in the offspring of exposed males. Slight but statistically significant changes in lifespan, neoplasm incidences, chromosome abnormalities and gene expressions were observed at 1 mGy/day. Except for transient alterations in the mRNA levels of some genes and increased liver neoplasm incidence attributed to radiation exposure, the remaining biological endpoints were not influenced after exposure to 0.05 mGy/day. Results suggest that chronic low dose-rate exposure may induce small biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacia Braga-Tanaka
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Atsushi Kohda
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Daisaku Takai
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ono
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Kimio Tanaka
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Komura
- a Department of Radiobiology , Institute for Environmental Sciences , Rokkasho-mura Kamikita-gun , Aomori-ken , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nenoi M, Wang B, Vares G. In vivo radioadaptive response: a review of studies relevant to radiation-induced cancer risk. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:272-83. [PMID: 24925363 PMCID: PMC4442823 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114537537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes phenomena where small conditioning doses of ionizing radiation (IR) reduce detrimental effects of subsequent higher IR doses. Current radiation protection regulations do not include RAR because of the large variability in expression among individuals and uncertainties of the mechanism. However, RAR should be regarded as an indispensable factor for estimation and control of individual IR sensitivity. In this article, RAR studies relevant to individual cancer risk are reviewed. Using various stains of mice, carcinogenic RAR has been demonstrated. Consistently much in vivo evidence for RAR with end points of DNA and chromosome damage is reported. Most in vivo RAR studies revealed efficient induction of RAR by chronic or repeated low-dose priming irradiation. Chronic IR-induced RAR was observed also in human individuals after environmental, occupational, and nuclear accident radiation exposure. These observations may be associated with an intrinsically distinct feature of in vivo experimental systems that mainly consist of nonproliferating mature cells. Alternatively, induction of RAR by gap junction-mediated bystander effects suggests that multicellular systems comprising densely communicating cells may be capable of responding to long-lasting low-dose-rate priming irradiation. Regulation by endocrine factors is also a plausible mechanism for RAR at an individual level. Emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoids, known as stress hormones, participate in in vivo RAR induction following long-term low-dose-rate exposure to IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nenoi
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - B Wang
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - G Vares
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu J, Lu Y, Li F, Qiao L, Wang Q, Li N, Borgia JA, Deng Y, Lei G, Zheng Q. Identification and characterization of the novel Col10a1 regulatory mechanism during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1469. [PMID: 25321476 PMCID: PMC4649528 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The majority of human skeleton develops through the endochondral pathway, in which cartilage-forming chondrocytes proliferate and enlarge into hypertrophic chondrocytes that eventually undergo apoptosis and are replaced by bone. Although at a terminal differentiation stage, hypertrophic chondrocytes have been implicated as the principal engine of bone growth. Abnormal chondrocyte hypertrophy has been seen in many skeletal dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Meanwhile, as a specific marker of hypertrophic chondrocytes, the type X collagen gene (COL10A1) is also critical for endochondral bone formation, as mutation and altered COL10A1 expression are often accompanied by abnormal chondrocyte hypertrophy in many skeletal diseases. However, how the type X collagen gene is regulated during chondrocyte hypertrophy has not been fully elucidated. We have recently demonstrated that Runx2 interaction with a 150-bp mouse Col10a1 cis-enhancer is required but not sufficient for its hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific reporter expression in transgenic mice, suggesting requirement of additional Col10a1 regulators. In this study, we report in silico sequence analysis of this 150-bp enhancer and identification of its multiple binding factors, including AP1, MEF2, NFAT, Runx1 and TBX5. Using this enhancer as bait, we performed yeast one-hybrid assay and identified multiple candidate Col10a1-interacting genes, including cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox-1) and Cox-2. We have also performed mass spectrometry analysis and detected EF1-alpha, Fus, GdF7 and Runx3 as components of the specific complex formed by the cis-enhancer and nuclear extracts from hypertrophic MCT (mouse chondrocytes immortalized with large T antigen) cells that express Col10a1 abundantly. Notably, some of the candidate genes are differentially expressed in hypertrophic MCT cells and have been associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and Runx2, an indispensible Col10a1 regulator. Intriguingly, we detected high-level Cox-2 expression in hypertrophic MCT cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between Cox-2 and Col10a1 cis-enhancer, supporting its role as a candidate Col10a1 regulator. Together, our data support a Cox-2-containing, Runx2-centered Col10a1 regulatory mechanism, during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Qiao
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - J A Borgia
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Q Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diet-induced obesity modulates epigenetic responses to ionizing radiation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106277. [PMID: 25171162 PMCID: PMC4149562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both exposure to ionizing radiation and obesity have been associated with various pathologies including cancer. There is a crucial need in better understanding the interactions between ionizing radiation effects (especially at low doses) and other risk factors, such as obesity. In order to evaluate radiation responses in obese animals, C3H and C57BL/6J mice fed a control normal fat or a high fat (HF) diet were exposed to fractionated doses of X-rays (0.75 Gy ×4). Bone marrow micronucleus assays did not suggest a modulation of radiation-induced genotoxicity by HF diet. Using MSP, we observed that the promoters of p16 and Dapk genes were methylated in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a HF diet (irradiated and non-irradiated); Mgmt promoter was methylated in irradiated and/or HF diet-fed mice. In addition, methylation PCR arrays identified Ep300 and Socs1 (whose promoters exhibited higher methylation levels in non-irradiated HF diet-fed mice) as potential targets for further studies. We then compared microRNA regulations after radiation exposure in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a normal or an HF diet, using microRNA arrays. Interestingly, radiation-triggered microRNA regulations observed in normal mice were not observed in obese mice. miR-466e was upregulated in non-irradiated obese mice. In vitro free fatty acid (palmitic acid, oleic acid) administration sensitized AML12 mouse liver cells to ionizing radiation, but the inhibition of miR-466e counteracted this radio-sensitization, suggesting that the modulation of radiation responses by diet-induced obesity might involve miR-466e expression. All together, our results suggested the existence of dietary effects on radiation responses (especially epigenetic regulations) in mice, possibly in relationship with obesity-induced chronic oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chi C, Tian R, Liu H, Wang H, Wei J, Guo J, Guo F, Li S. Follow-up study of abnormal biological indicators and gene expression in the peripheral blood of three accidentally exposed persons. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:840-51. [PMID: 23559597 PMCID: PMC3766294 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis and/or for therapeutic targets in the delayed health effects of ionizing radiation, we analyzed the subgroups of lymphocytes, serum protein levels and gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood of three ⁶⁰Co γ-ray accidentally exposed persons during the three years after irradiation. Flow cytometry analyses and agarose gel electrophoresis were applied to investigate the subgroups of lymphocytes and the composition of serum proteins, respectively. Gene expression profiling was obtained using a whole genome gene expression chip assay. Both the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of Th to Ts were reduced compared with the normal control values. The percentage of albumin decreased whereas beta globulin increased. There were 285 up-regulated and 446 down-regulated genes in irradiated samples relative to the control samples. The expression of KDR, CEACAM8 and OSM was validated by RT-PCR. The majority of the differentially expressed genes encode proteins associated with the immune response, inflammation, oncogenesis, cell structure, oxidative stress, neuro-hormone regulation, reproduction, susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, or transcriptional regulation. We have identified a number of promising novel candidates that have potential for serving as biomarkers for delayed damage. Furthermore, the changes in the immunological indicator CD4+ T cells, and the ratio of CD4+ T to CD8+ T cells may be biomarkers for the prediction of delayed damage by ionizing radiation. The findings of our study are useful for forming a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the delayed effects of ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Chi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86-351-220-2218; Fax: +86-351-702-0407;
| | - Rong Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of China Institute for Radiation Protection
| | - Huifang Liu
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiao Nan Guan Street No.8, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jinping Wei
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Fengling Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of China Institute for Radiation Protection
| | - Shufang Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song LJ, Liu RJ, Zeng Z, Alper SL, Cui HJ, Lu Y, Zheng L, Yan ZW, Fu GH. Gastrin inhibits a novel, pathological colon cancer signaling pathway involving EGR1, AE2, and P-ERK. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:707-18. [PMID: 22228178 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human anion exchanger 2 (AE2) is a plasma membrane protein that regulates intracellular pH and cell volume. AE2 contributes to transepithelial transport of chloride and bicarbonate in normal colon and other epithelial tissues. We now report that AE2 overexpression in colon cancer cells is correlated with expression of the nuclear proliferation marker, Ki67. Survival analysis of 24 patients with colon cancer in early stage or 33 patients with tubular adenocarcinoma demonstrated that expression of AE2 is correlated with poor prognosis. Cellular and molecular experiments indicated that AE2 expression promoted proliferation of colon cancer cells. In addition, we found that transcription factor EGR1 underlies AE2 upregulation and the AE2 sequester p16INK4a (P16) in the cytoplasm of colon cancer cells. Cytoplasmic P16 enhanced ERK phosphorylation and promoted proliferation of colon cancer cells. Gastrin inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells by suppressing expression of EGR1 and AE2 and by blocking ERK phosphorylation. Taken together, our data describe a novel EGR1/AE2/P16/P-ERK signaling pathway in colon carcinogenesis, with implications for pathologic prognosis and for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Song
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuan TC, Yang TH, Wen CH, Chen MY, Lee IL, Lin CS. Identifying the regulatory element for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in human cardiofibroblasts. Peptides 2011; 32:1832-9. [PMID: 21864606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been proposed as a potential target for cardioprotection in regulating cardiovascular functions, owing to its key role in the formation of the vasoprotective peptides angiotensin-(1-7) from angiotensin II (Ang II). The regulatory mechanism of ace2 expression, however, remains to be explored. In this study, we investigated the regulatory element within the upstream of ace2. The human ace2 promoter region, from position -2069 to +20, was cloned and a series of upstream deletion mutants were constructed and cloned into a luciferase reporter vector. The reporter luciferase activity was analyzed by transient transfection of the constructs into human cardiofibroblasts (HCFs) and an activating domain was identified in the -516/-481 region. Deletion or reversal of this domain within ace2 resulted in a significant decrease in promoter activity. The nuclear proteins isolated from the HCFs formed a DNA-protein complex with double stranded oligonucleotides of the -516/-481 domain, as detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Site-directed mutagenesis of this region identified a putative protein binding domain and a potential binding site, ATTTGGA, homologous to that of an Ikaros binding domain. This regulatory element was responsible for Ang II stimulation via the Ang II-Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) signaling pathway, but was not responsible for pro-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Our results suggest that the nucleotide sequences -516/-481 of human ace2 may be a binding domain for an as yet unidentified regulatory factor(s) that regulates ace2 expression and is associated with Ang II stimulation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional
- Sequence Deletion
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Ching Kuan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, No. 75 Po-Ai Street, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|