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Xue J, Luo Y. Properties and applications of natural dendritic nanostructures: Phytoglycogen and its derivatives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Takahashi S, Kumagai Y, Igarashi H, Horimai K, Ito H, Shimada T, Kato Y, Hamada S. Biochemical analysis of a new sugary-type rice mutant, Hemisugary1, carrying a novel allele of the sugary-1 gene. PLANTA 2019; 251:29. [PMID: 31802247 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel allele of the sugary-1 rice mutant was isolated. The single amino acid change led to isoamylase activity reduction and accumulation of high-molecular-weight phytoglycogen in seeds. A new sugary rice variety with an improved seed appearance has been isolated and designated Hemisugary1. This mutant, which was derived from Japonica-type cultivar Tsugaruroman treated with sodium azide, has about half the isoamylase activity of seeds in the original Tsugaruroman. The mutant also accumulates significant phytoglycogen, albeit approximately 40% of the total phytoglycogen in the existing sugary cultivar Ayunohikari which is defective in its most isoamylase activity. The site of mutation was identified using a re-sequence of the whole genome and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker. The hemisugary phenotypes of the F2 progeny were entirely consistent with the results of genotyping using the CAPS marker. Segregation analysis of the F2 population showed that the hemisugary phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was produced by a G → A single nucleotide polymorphism in the sugary-1 gene, resulting in a missense mutation from glycine to aspartic acid at amino acid position 333. Zymogram showed that this amino acid replacement resulted in a decrease in isoamylase activity with a concomitant reduction in the formation of isoamylase complexes. Phytoglycogen molecules from Hemisugary1 seeds were 3.5 times larger and contained more short glucan chains than did Ayunohikari seeds. Our data provide new insights into the relationship between isoamylase structure and phytoglycogen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Takahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yu Kumagai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hidenari Igarashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Karin Horimai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Akita College, 1-1 Iijima-Bunkyo-cho, Akita, 011-8511, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, 1 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8560, Japan
| | - Yoji Kato
- Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, 1 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8560, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hamada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan.
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Xie Y, Yao Y. Octenylsuccinate hydroxypropyl phytoglycogen, a dendrimer-like biopolymer, solubilizes poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 180:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sestili F, Sparla F, Botticella E, Janni M, D'Ovidio R, Falini G, Marri L, Cuesta-Seijo JA, Moscatello S, Battistelli A, Trost P, Lafiandra D. The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 252:230-238. [PMID: 27717459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In rice, maize and barley, the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch. Here, the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat has been characterized, using transgenic lines in which Isa1 was knocked down via RNAi. Transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of Isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. The polysaccharide content of the transgenic endosperms was different from that of the wild type in a number of ways, including a reduction in the content of starch and a moderate enhancement of both phytoglycogen and β-glucan. Some alterations were also induced in the distribution of amylopectin chain length and amylopectin fine structure. The amylopectin present in the transgenic endosperms was more readily hydrolyzable after a treatment with hydrochloric acid, which disrupted its semi-crystalline structure. The conclusion was that in durum wheat, Isoamylase 1 is important for both the synthesis of amylopectin and for determining its internal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FABIT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ermelinda Botticella
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Michela Janni
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; National Research Council CNR-Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Via G. Amendola, 165, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Renato D'Ovidio
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Marri
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, Copenhagen, V DK-1799, Denmark.
| | - Jose A Cuesta-Seijo
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, Copenhagen, V DK-1799, Denmark.
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- National Research Council CNR-Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy.
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- National Research Council CNR-Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, Viale Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, TR, Italy.
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FABIT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Domenico Lafiandra
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences DAFNE, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, SNC, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Chen H, Narsimhan G, Yao Y. Particulate structure of phytoglycogen studied using β-amylolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:582-8. [PMID: 26256385 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytoglycogen (PG), a dendrimer-like glucan particulate, has a much higher dispersed molecular density than amylopectin (AP). In this study, β-amylase was used to investigate the effect of high molecular density of PG on its susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis. AP and PG reached the limit of β-amylolysis at 20 and 480 min, respectively, suggesting a much higher resistance of PG to β-amylase. The majority of PG β-amylolysis occurred in the initial 2 min, followed by a slow progression that implied low accessibility of internal particulate portion to enzyme. The chain length profile of PG β-limit dextrin showed only one population of long chains, indicating the absence of branch clusters with PG. At the limit of β-amylolysis, a substantial decrease in the molar mass was observed for both PG and AP, whereas only a slight reduction in the Z-average root mean square radius was observed for PG (from 24.5 to 23.1 nm) compared to that of AP (from 91.1 to 69.6 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, United States
| | - Ganesan Narsimhan
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, United States
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, United States.
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