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Li R, Zheng P, Sun X, Dong W, Shen Z, Chen P, Wu D. Genome Sequencing and Analysis Reveal Potential High-Valued Metabolites Synthesized by Lasiodiplodia iranensis DWH-2. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050522. [PMID: 37233233 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia sp. is a typical opportunistic plant pathogen, which can also be classified as an endophytic fungus. In this study, the genome of a jasmonic-acid-producing Lasiodiplodia iranensis DWH-2 was sequenced and analyzed to understand its application value. The results showed that the L. iranensis DWH-2 genome was 43.01 Mb in size with a GC content of 54.82%. A total of 11,224 coding genes were predicted, among which 4776 genes were annotated based on Gene Ontology. Furthermore, the core genes involved in the pathogenicity of the genus Lasiodiplodia were determined for the first time based on pathogen-host interactions. Eight Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) genes related to 1,3-β-glucan synthesis were annotated based on the CAZy database and three relatively complete known biosynthetic gene clusters were identified based on the Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Analysis Shell database, which were associated with the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene, dimethylcoprogen, and (R)-melanin. Moreover, eight genes associated with jasmonic acid synthesis were detected in pathways related to lipid metabolism. These findings fill the gap in the genomic data of high jasmonate-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingyun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ziqiang Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China
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Liu Y, Tang Q, Feng J, Liu J, Tang C, Yan M, Zhou S, Liu L, Zhou J, Zhang J. Effects of molecular weight on intestinal anti-inflammatory activities of β-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1028727. [PMID: 36245525 PMCID: PMC9557179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1028727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of molecular weight (Mw) on the anti-inflammatory activity of β-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum, ultrasonic irradiation was applied to treat the β-D-glucan (GLP, 2.42 × 106 g/mol) solution to obtain two degraded fractions with molecular weight of 6.53 × 105 g/mol (GLPC) and 3.49 × 104 g/mol (GLPN). Structural analysis proved that the degraded fractions possessed similar repeated units with the original β-D-glucan. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity studies showed that all fractions could significantly inhibit LPS-induced expression of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-8, MIF and MCP-1 in Caco-2 cells at certain concentrations. Moreover, GLPC and GLPN exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity than GLPC. The intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)—induced colitis mice model showed that intragastric administration of GLPN (lower Mw fraction) could significantly recover inflamed tissues of mice. Compared with GLP and GLPC, GLPN exhibited stronger ability to inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). The results revealed that Mw of β-D-glucan influenced its anti-inflammatory activity and decreasing of Mw would improve the activity, which provided evidence for the potential use of β-D-glucan from G. lucidum as anti-colitis ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanhong Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Baixin Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jingsong Zhang
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Gopal J, Sivanesan I, Muthu M, Oh JW. Scrutinizing the Nutritional Aspects of Asian Mushrooms, Its Commercialization and Scope for Value-Added Products. Nutrients 2022; 14:3700. [PMID: 36145076 PMCID: PMC9502967 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are the gifts of the non-green revolution; they are not limited by land demand or specific growth requirements. Nearly 14,000 species of mushrooms are on record thus far; of these, only 2200 species are deemed edible. Only 650 species from this list have been cultivated and consumed. Farmed on waste, mushrooms are rich reservoirs of proteins, polysaccharides, metabolites, minerals and vitamins. In the following review, various edible mushrooms have been listed and their nutritional aspects and their associated contributions have been discussed. Furthermore, the commercial mushroom-based products that are on the market have been surveyed. The challenges facing the use of mushroom and mushroom products as foods, functional foods and nutraceuticals have been presented. The need to seek options to troubleshoot the current limitations has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Bhambri A, Srivastava M, Mahale VG, Mahale S, Karn SK. Mushrooms as Potential Sources of Active Metabolites and Medicines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837266. [PMID: 35558110 PMCID: PMC9090473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mushrooms exist as an integral and vital component of the ecosystem and are very precious fungi. Mushrooms have been traditionally used in herbal medicines for many centuries. Scope and Approach There are a variety of medicinal mushrooms mentioned in the current work such as Agaricus, Amanita, Calocybe, Cantharellus, Cordyceps, Coprinus, Cortinarius, Ganoderma, Grifola, Huitlacoche, Hydnum, Lentinus, Morchella, Pleurotus, Rigidoporus, Tremella, Trametes sp., etc., which play a vital role in various diseases because of several metabolic components and nutritional values. Medicinal mushrooms can be identified morphologically on the basis of their size, color (white, black, yellow, brown, cream, pink and purple-brown, etc.), chemical reactions, consistency of the stalk and cap, mode of attachment of the gills to the stalk, and spore color and mass, and further identified at a molecular level by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions of gene sequencing. There are also other methods that have recently begun to be used for the identification of mushrooms such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), microscopy, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), DNA sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), chemical finger printing, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-TOF) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Lately, the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique is also used for the identification of fungi. Key Finding and Conclusion Medicinal mushrooms possess various biological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, and many others that will be mentioned in this article. This manuscript will provide future direction, action mechanisms, applications, and the recent collective information of medicinal mushrooms. In addition to many unknown metabolites and patented active metabolites are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bhambri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | | | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
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Niego AG, Rapior S, Thongklang N, Raspé O, Jaidee W, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:397. [PMID: 34069721 PMCID: PMC8161071 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity. Macrofungi are well known for their ability to protect from or cure various health problems, such as immunodeficiency, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Many studies have demonstrated their medicinal properties, supported by both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, as well as clinical trials. Numerous bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins, possess strong bioactivities. Consequently, they can be considered as an important source of nutraceuticals. Numerous edible mushrooms have been studied for their bioactivities, but only a few species have made it to the market. Many species remain to be explored. The converging trends and popularity of eastern herbal medicines, natural/organic food product preference, gut-healthy products, and positive outlook towards sports nutrition are supporting the growth in the medicinal mushroom market. The consumption of medicinal mushrooms as functional food or dietary supplement is expected to markedly increase in the future. The global medicinal mushroom market size is projected to increase by USD 13.88 billion from 2018 to 2022. The global market values of promising bioactive compounds, such as lentinan and lovastatin, are also expected to rise. With such a market growth, mushroom nutraceuticals hold to be very promising in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Grace Niego
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo 5000, Philippines
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, University Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Olivier Raspé
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Jaidee
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
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Antitumor effect of soluble β-glucan as an immune stimulant. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:116-124. [PMID: 33667560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans are linear polysaccharides of d-glucose monomers linked through β-glycosidic bonds and are widely present in nature. Different sources lead to their structural differences. β-glucan has long been acknowledged to be a safe and functional component. Its biological activities include lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic, antitumor and immune regulation etc. A large number of studies have shown that soluble β-glucan can bind to their receptors on the surface of immune cells, activates the pro-inflammatory response of innate immune cells, and enhances the host's antitumor defense. A variety of soluble β-glucans have been widely used in clinical antitumor studies as an immunostimulant to treat the cancer patient. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular structure, antitumor immune activities, structure-activity relationship and clinical trials of soluble β-glucans in order to provide the overall scene of β-glucans as immunostimulant to fight the cancer.
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Wu JY, Siu KC, Geng P. Bioactive Ingredients and Medicinal Values of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Foods 2021; 10:foods10010095. [PMID: 33466429 PMCID: PMC7824844 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa), generally known as hen-of-the-woods or maitake in Japanese and hui-shu-hua in Chinese, is an edible mushroom with both nutritional and medicinal properties. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of research findings on its bioactive constituents, potential health benefits and major structural characteristics. Since the discovery of the D-fraction more than three decades ago, many other polysaccharides, including β-glucans and heteroglycans, have been extracted from the G. frondosa fruiting body and fungal mycelium, which have shown significant antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Another class of bioactive macromolecules in G. frondosa is composed of proteins and glycoproteins, which have shown antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant and other activities. A number of small organic molecules such as sterols and phenolic compounds have also been isolated from the fungus and have shown various bioactivities. It can be concluded that the G. frondosa mushroom provides a diverse array of bioactive molecules that are potentially valuable for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. More investigation is needed to establish the structure–bioactivity relationship of G. frondosa and to elucidate the mechanisms of action behind its various bioactive and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Geng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3400-8807
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How Fungal Glycans Modulate Platelet Activation via Toll-Like Receptors Contributing to the Escape of Candida albicans from the Immune Response. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070385. [PMID: 32645848 PMCID: PMC7399910 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are essential for vascular repair and for the maintenance of blood homeostasis. They contribute to the immune defence of the host against many infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Following infection, platelet function is modified, and these cells form aggregates with microorganisms leading, to a decrease in the level of circulating platelets. During candidaemia, mannans, β-glucans and chitin, exposed on the cell wall of Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogenic yeast of humans, play an important role in modulation of the host response. These fungal polysaccharides are released into the circulation during infection and their detection allows the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. However, their role in the modulation of the immune response and, in particular, that of platelets, is not well understood. The structure and solubility of glycans play an important role in the orientation of the immune response of the host. This short review focuses on the effect of fungal β-glucans and chitin on platelet activation and how these glycans modulate platelet activity via Toll-like receptors, contributing to the escape of C. albicans from the immune response.
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9
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Natural polysaccharides experience physiochemical and functional changes during preparation: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Chaichian S, Moazzami B, Sadoughi F, Haddad Kashani H, Zaroudi M, Asemi Z. Functional activities of beta-glucans in the prevention or treatment of cervical cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020. [PMID: 32138756 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth-ranked cancer in the world and is associated with a large number of deaths annually. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are known as the common therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cervical cancer, but because of their side effects and toxicity, researchers are trying to discovery alternative therapies. Beta-glucans, a group of glucose polymers that are derived from the cell wall of fungi, bacteria, and etc. it has been showed that beta-glucans have some anti-cancer properties which due to their impacts on adaptive and innate immunity. Along to these impacts, these molecules could be used as drug carriers. In this regard, the application of beta-glucans is a promising therapeutic option for the cancer prevention and treatment especially for cervical cancer. Herein, we have summarized the therapeutic potential of beta-glucans alone or as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer. Moreover, we highlighted beta-glucans as drug carriers for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
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Chaichian S, Moazzami B, Sadoughi F, Haddad Kashani H, Zaroudi M, Asemi Z. Functional activities of beta-glucans in the prevention or treatment of cervical cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:24. [PMID: 32138756 PMCID: PMC7057557 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth-ranked cancer in the world and is associated with a large number of deaths annually. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are known as the common therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cervical cancer, but because of their side effects and toxicity, researchers are trying to discovery alternative therapies. Beta-glucans, a group of glucose polymers that are derived from the cell wall of fungi, bacteria, and etc. it has been showed that beta-glucans have some anti-cancer properties which due to their impacts on adaptive and innate immunity. Along to these impacts, these molecules could be used as drug carriers. In this regard, the application of beta-glucans is a promising therapeutic option for the cancer prevention and treatment especially for cervical cancer. Herein, we have summarized the therapeutic potential of beta-glucans alone or as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer. Moreover, we highlighted beta-glucans as drug carriers for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
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12
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β-Glucan, a dietary fiber in effective prevention of lifestyle diseases – An insight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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The potential applications of mushrooms against some facets of atherosclerosis: A review. Food Res Int 2018; 105:517-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Hwang J, Son J, Seo Y, Jo Y, Lee K, Lee D, Khan MS, Chavan S, Park C, Sharma A, Gilad AA, Choi J. Functional silica nanoparticles conjugated with beta-glucan to deliver anti-tuberculosis drug molecules. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Shi L, Lin Q, Yang T, Nie Y, Li X, Liu B, Shen J, Liang Y, Tang Y, Luo F. Oral administration of Lentinus edodes β-glucans ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via MAPK-Elk-1 and MAPK-PPARγ pathways. Food Funct 2018; 7:4614-4627. [PMID: 27747357 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-glucans from Lentinus edodes, and its molecular mechanism, the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced colitis model of mice and the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell inflammation model were used in this study. 40 ICR male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, DSS (DSS treated only), DSS + low-βGs (500 mg kg-1 d-1) and DSS + high-βGs (1000 mg kg-1 d-1). The body weight of the mice with Lentinus edodes β-glucan supplementation increased significantly compared to the DSS group and the disease activity index (DAI) was improved in both βG-treated groups. Compared with the DSS group, histopathological analysis showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells of both βG-treated groups decreased significantly in colonic tissues. Furthermore, oral administration of β-glucans decreases the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inhibits the expression of iNOS and several inflammatory factors: TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) of the colonic tissues. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is closely related to the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. In the DSS-induced colitis model and the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model, βGs inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and blocked the phosphorylation of JNK/ERK1/2 and p38; βGs also suppress the phosphorylation of Elk-1 at Ser84 and the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser112. Altogether, these results suggest that Lentinus edodes βGs could inhibit the DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and decrease inflammatory factor expressions. The molecular mechanism may be involved in suppressing MAPK signaling and inactivation of Elk-1 and activation of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Ying Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Junjun Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Yiping Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Feijun Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
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Kaliyaperumal M, Kezo K, Gunaseelan S. A Global Overview of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bao H, Ran P, Sun L, Hu W, Li H, Xiao C, Zhu K, Du J. Griflola frondosa (GF) produces significant antidepressant effects involving AMPA receptor activation in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:299-305. [PMID: 27937670 PMCID: PMC6130584 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1235590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Griflola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (Meripilaceae) (GF) is a medical mushroom, and its regulation of the immune system is of interest for the treatment of mood disorders. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the central mediator for the treatment of depression. OBJECTIVE This study examines the antidepressant effects of GF and the role of AMPA in these antidepressant effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CD-1 mice were fed with GF- or Pleurotus ostreatus [(Jacq.: Fr) Kumm (Pleurotaceae)] (PO)-containing food for 1 day or 5 days. The antidepressant effects was determined in the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and open field test (OFT). The involvement of AMPA receptors was determined by the application of the AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466. RESULTS Treatments with 20%, 33% or 50% of GF-containing food significantly decreased the immobility time (63.6, 56.9, and 52.0% in TST; and 50.8, 43.2, and 38.2% in FST) after 1 day and (62.3, 51.8, and 52.8% in TST; and 49.5, 45.1, and 40.3% in FST) after 5 days. GF-containing food did not cause hyperactive effects in the OFT. The antidepressant effects of the 33% of GF-containing food (down-to 51.3% in 1-day TST and 46.8% in 5-day FST) were significantly stronger than that of the 33% of PO-containing food (down-to 85.5% in 1-day TST and 82.0% in 5-day FST). AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant effects of the GF-containing food. CONCLUSION GF demonstrated the potential as a safe medical food supplement for the patient with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Bao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Keming Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Du
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Cárdenas-Reyna T, Angulo C, Guluarte C, Hori-Oshima S, Reyes-Becerril M. In vitro immunostimulatory potential of fungal β-glucans in pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:350-358. [PMID: 28888536 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study attempts to describe the immunostimulatory effects of three fungal glucans on innate immunity responses in an in vitro assays using Pacific red snapper leukocytes. First, the yield glucans obtained was higher in Aspergillus niger, follow by Aspergillus ochraceus and Alternaria botrytis (40, 20 and 10%, respectively). Structural characterization of these fungal glucans by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicated structures containing (1-6)-branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan. The immunostimulatory activity of fungal glucans were assessed in head-kidney leukocytes at 24 h using colorimetric assays and molecular gene expression. In addition, the response against bacterial infection using Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide. Leukocytes responded positively to fungal glucans where the viability was higher than 80%. Interestingly, A. niger β-glucans enhanced the phagocytic ability and capacity in head-kidney leukocytes. Immunological assays reveled an increased in nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, in fish stimulated with A. niger β-glucans. Induction of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12) were more pronounced in A. niger β-glucans leukocytes stimulated compared to other group. Finally, flow cytometry assay showed that A. botrytis and A. niger β-glucans were able to inhibit apoptosis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in the Pacific red snapper leukocytes indicating an immunostimulant potent response by fungi derived-glucans. These results strongly support the idea that fungal β-glucans can stimulate the immune mechanism in head-kidney leukocytes and that Aspergillus niger β-glucan possess immunostimulatory properties cell increasing viability, and reducing necrotic cell death caused by Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cárdenas-Reyna
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
| | - Crystal Guluarte
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico
| | - Sawako Hori-Oshima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera San Felipe Km. 3.5, Fraccionamiento Laguna Campestre, Mexicali, Baja California 21386, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS 23090, Mexico.
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Avni S, Ezove N, Hanani H, Yadid I, Karpovsky M, Hayby H, Gover O, Hadar Y, Schwartz B, Danay O. Olive Mill Waste Enhances α-Glucan Content in the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1564. [PMID: 28718825 PMCID: PMC5536052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. Here we explore several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotus eryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotus eryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Avni
- Edible Mushrooms Development, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
| | - Nirit Ezove
- Edible Mushrooms Development, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
| | - Hilla Hanani
- Edible Mushrooms Development, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
| | - Itamar Yadid
- Edible Mushrooms Development, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
| | - Michal Karpovsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Hilla Hayby
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ofer Gover
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ofer Danay
- Edible Mushrooms Development, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
- Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
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20
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Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. Food Chem 2017; 220:400-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Roudi R, Mohammadi SR, Roudbary M, Mohsenzadegan M. Lung cancer and β-glucans: review of potential therapeutic applications. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:509-517. [PMID: 28303529 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential of natural substances with immunotherapeutic properties has long been studied. β-glucans, a cell wall component of certain bacteria and fungi, potentiate the immune system against microbes and toxic substances. Moreover, β-glucans are known to exhibit direct anticancer effects and can suppress cancer proliferation through immunomodulatory pathways. Mortality of lung cancer has been alarmingly increasingly worldwide; therefore, treatment of lung cancer is an urgent necessity. Numerous researchers are now dedicated to using β-glucans as a therapy for lung cancer. In the present attempt, we have reviewed the studies addressing therapeutic effects of β-glucans in primary and metastatic lung cancer published in the time period of 1991-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Roudbar Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tyler HL, Haron MH, Pugh ND, Zhang J, Jackson CR, Pasco DS. Bacterial components are the major contributors to the macrophage stimulating activity exhibited by extracts of common edible mushrooms. Food Funct 2016; 7:4213-4221. [PMID: 27711863 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00562d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that a major contributor to the innate immune enhancing properties of some medicinal plants is derived from the cell wall components of bacteria colonizing these plants. The purpose of the current study was to assess if the bacteria present within edible and medicinal mushrooms substantially contribute to the innate immune stimulating potential of these mushrooms. Whole mushrooms from thirteen types of edible fungi and individual parts from Agaricus bisporus were analyzed for in vitro macrophage activation as well as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) content, cell load, and community composition. Substantial variation between samples was observed in macrophage activation (over 500-fold), total bacterial load (over 200-fold), and LPS content (over 10 million-fold). Both LPS content (ρ = 0.832, p < 0.0001) and total bacterial load (ρ = 0.701, p < 0.0001) correlated significantly with macrophage activation in the whole mushroom extracts. Extract activity was negated by treatment with NaOH, conditions that inactivate LPS and other bacterial components. Significant correlations between macrophage activation and total bacterial load (ρ = 0.723, p = 0.0001) and LPS content (ρ = 0.951, p < 0.0001) were also observed between different tissues of Agaricus bisporus. Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium were the most prevalent genera identified in the different tissue parts and these taxa were significantly correlated with in vitro macrophage activation (ρ = 0.697, p < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.659, p = 0.0001, respectively). These results indicate that components derived from mushroom associated bacteria contribute substantially to the innate immune enhancing activity exhibited by mushrooms and may result in similar therapeutic actions as reported for ingestion of bacterial preparations such as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Tyler
- Crop Production Systems Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 32776, USA and Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Mona H Haron
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Nirmal D Pugh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Colin R Jackson
- Department of Biology, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - David S Pasco
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA and Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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23
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Vancraeyneste H, Charlet R, Guerardel Y, Choteau L, Bauters A, Tardivel M, François N, Dubuquoy L, Soloviev D, Poulain D, Sendid B, Jawhara S. Short fungal fractions of β-1,3 glucans affect platelet activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H725-34. [PMID: 27288438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00907.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are capable of binding, aggregating, and internalizing microorganisms, which enhances the elimination of pathogens from the blood. The yeast Candida albicans is a pathobiont causing life-threatening invasive infections. Its cell wall contains β-1,3 glucans that are known to trigger a wide range of host cell activities and to circulate during infection. We studied the effect of β-1,3 glucan fractions (BGFs) consisting of diglucosides (Glc2), tetraglucosides (Glc4), and pentaglucosides (Glc5) on human platelets, their mechanisms of action, and their possible impact on host defenses. The effect of BGFs on the coagulation process was determined by measuring thrombin generation. Platelets pretreated with BGFs were analyzed in terms of activation, receptor expression, aggregation, and adhesion to neutrophils and to C. albicans The results show that BGFs affected the endogenous thrombin potential in a concentration-dependent manner. For platelet activation, BGFs at a low concentration (2 μmol/l) reduced ATP release and prevented the phosphorylation of protein kinase C. BGFs diminished the expression of P-selectin and the activation of αIIbβ3 BGFs decreased platelet aggregation and the interaction between thrombin-stimulated platelets and neutrophils, fibrinogen, and C. albicans GLc5 decreased ATP release and TGF-β1 production in response to TLR4 upregulation in thrombin-stimulated platelets, but TLR4 blockage abolished the effect of BGFs on platelets. This study provides evidence that fungal pentaglucosides modulate platelet activity mediated via TLR4 stimulation and reduce platelet-neutrophil interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vancraeyneste
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rogatien Charlet
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Université de Lille 1, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UGSF, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; CNRS, UMR 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laura Choteau
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Bauters
- Laboratoire d'Hémostase, Pôle de Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- Plateforme d'Interaction Moléculaire, IMPRT-IFR114, Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nadine François
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pole de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France; and
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Poulain
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France; Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pole de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France; and
| | - Boualem Sendid
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France; Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Pole de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France; and
| | - Samir Jawhara
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Lille, France;
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Liu B, Lin Q, Yang T, Zeng L, Shi L, Chen Y, Luo F. Oat β-glucan ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:3454-63. [PMID: 26292622 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a major inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract through chronic or relapsing immune system activation. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective effect of oat β-glucan (βG) against colitis induced by DSS in mice. Eighty mice were randomly divided into the control group (no DSS, no βG), DSS group (DSS only), DSS + L-βG group (DSS plus 500 mg per kg βG), and DSS + H-βG group (DSS plus 1000 mg per kg βG). Compared with the DSS group, administration of βG significantly reduced clinical symptoms with less weight loss, diarrhea and shortening of the colon, the severity of colitis was significantly inhibited as evidenced by the reduced disease activity index (DAI) and degree of histological damage in colon. Moreover, treatment with βG not only decreased myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but also inhibited mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS. This suggests that oat βG in diet might exhibit an anti-inflammatory function against colitis through inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
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Edible mushrooms: improving human health and promoting quality life. Int J Microbiol 2015; 2015:376387. [PMID: 25685150 PMCID: PMC4320875 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been consumed since earliest history; ancient Greeks believed that mushrooms provided strength for warriors in battle, and the Romans perceived them as the “Food of the Gods.” For centuries, the Chinese culture has treasured mushrooms as a health food, an “elixir of life.” They have been part of the human culture for thousands of years and have considerable interest in the most important civilizations in history because of their sensory characteristics; they have been recognized for their attractive culinary attributes. Nowadays, mushrooms are popular valuable foods because they are low in calories, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium: also, they are cholesterol-free. Besides, mushrooms provide important nutrients, including selenium, potassium, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D, proteins, and fiber. All together with a long history as food source, mushrooms are important for their healing capacities and properties in traditional medicine. It has reported beneficial effects for health and treatment of some diseases. Many nutraceutical properties are described in mushrooms, such as prevention or treatment of Parkinson, Alzheimer, hypertension, and high risk of stroke. They are also utilized to reduce the likelihood of cancer invasion and metastasis due to antitumoral attributes. Mushrooms act as antibacterial, immune system enhancer and cholesterol lowering agents; additionally, they are important sources of bioactive compounds. As a result of these properties, some mushroom extracts are used to promote human health and are found as dietary supplements.
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26
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Du B, Lin C, Bian Z, Xu B. An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of fungal beta-glucans. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Batbayar S, Lee DH, Kim HW. Immunomodulation of Fungal β-Glucan in Host Defense Signaling by Dectin-1. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 20:433-45. [PMID: 24009832 PMCID: PMC3762275 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.5.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, animals encountered the harmful effects of fungi, which are strong pathogens. Therefore, they have developed powerful mechanisms to protect themselves against these fungal invaders. β-Glucans are glucose polymers of a linear β(1,3)-glucan backbone with β(1,6)-linked side chains. The immunostimulatory and antitumor activities of β-glucans have been reported; however, their mechanisms have only begun to be elucidated. Fungal and particulate β-glucans, despite their large size, can be taken up by the M cells of Peyer's patches, and interact with macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) and activate systemic immune responses to overcome the fungal infection. The sampled β-glucans function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells. Dectin-1 receptor systems have been incorporated as the PRRs of β-glucans in the innate immune cells of higher animal systems, which function on the front line against fungal infection, and have been exploited in cancer treatments to enhance systemic immune function. Dectin-1 on macrophages and DCs performs dual functions: internalization of β-glucan-containing particles and transmittance of its signals into the nucleus. This review will depict in detail how the physicochemical nature of β-glucan contributes to its immunostimulating effect in hosts and the potential uses of β-glucan by elucidating the dectin-1 signal transduction pathway. The elucidation of β-glucan and its signaling pathway will undoubtedly open a new research area on its potential therapeutic applications, including as immunostimulants for antifungal and anti-cancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainkhuu Batbayar
- Department of Life Sciences, BK21 Cellular Stress Team, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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Pang Z, Otaka K, Maoka T, Hidaka K, Ishijima S, Oda M, Ohnishi M. Structure of β-Glucan Oligomer from Laminarin and Its Effect on Human Monocytes to Inhibit the Proliferation of U937 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:553-8. [PMID: 15784984 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the human monocyte-stimulating ability of laminarin from Eisenia bicyclis, lichenan from Cetraria islandica, and their oligomers depolymerized with endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from Arthrobacter sp. The respective beta-glucan oligomers with different degrees of polymerization (DP) were fractionated from hydrolytic products of laminarin and lichenan using gel-filtration chromatography. The monocyte-conditioned medium pre-cultured in the presence of a fraction of beta-glucan oligomer (DP>/=8) from laminarin exhibited inhibitory activity against the proliferation of human myeloid leukemia U937 cells, while those pre-cultured with other beta-glucan oligomers and the original laminarin and lichenan showed little or no activity. NMR analysis indicated that the beta-glucan oligomer (DP>/=8) has an average DP value of 13, and its ratio of beta-1,3- to beta-1,6-linkages in glucopyranose units was estimated to be 1.3:1. These results indicate that the beta-1,3-glucan oligomer with a higher content of beta-1,6-linkage stimulates monocytes to inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcun Pang
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan
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Antioxidant and antitumor activities of β-glucan-rich exopolysaccharides with different molecular weight from Paenibacillus polymyxa JB115. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-4252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thompson IJ, Oyston PCF, Williamson DE. Potential of the β-glucans to enhance innate resistance to biological agents. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:339-52. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Vannucci L, Krizan J, Sima P, Stakheev D, Caja F, Rajsiglova L, Horak V, Saieh M. Immunostimulatory properties and antitumor activities of glucans (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:357-64. [PMID: 23739801 PMCID: PMC3775562 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New foods and natural biological modulators have recently become of scientific interest in the investigation of the value of traditional medical therapeutics. Glucans have an important part in this renewed interest. These fungal wall components are claimed to be useful for various medical purposes and they are obtained from medicinal mushrooms commonly used in traditional Oriental medicine. The immunotherapeutic properties of fungi extracts have been reported, including the enhancement of anticancer immunity responses. These properties are principally related to the stimulation of cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of specific receptors for glucans on dendritic cells (dectin-1), as well as interactions with other receptors, mainly expressed by innate immune cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors, complement receptor-3), have raised new attention toward these products as suitable therapeutic agents. We briefly review the characteristics of the glucans from mycelial walls as modulators of the immunity and their possible use as antitumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Jang JH, Lee J, Kim JH, Lee YH, Ju YC, Lee JS. Isolation and identification of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation inhibitor from Pleurotus citrinopileatus. MYCOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Inhibitory effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1,3-1,6) D-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain black yeast on mast cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:84-8. [PMID: 22232243 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1,3-1,6) D-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain black yeast (LMW-β-glucan) on mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions. Although it is known that LMW-β-glucan has anti-tumor, anti-metastatic and anti-stress effects, the roles of LMW-β-glucan in immediate-type allergic reactions have not been fully investigated. We examined whether LMW-β-glucan could inhibit mast cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). LMW-β-glucan dose-dependently inhibited the degranulation of both rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) and cultured mast cells (CMCs) activated by calcium ionophore A23187 or IgE. However, LMW-β-glucan had no cytotoxicity towards RBL-2H3 cells and CMCs. Furthermore, orally administered LMW-β-glucan inhibited the IgE-induced PCA reaction in mice. These results show LMW-β-glucan to be a possible compound for the effective therapeutic treatment of allergic diseases.
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Konno N, Sakamoto Y. An endo-β-1,6-glucanase involved in Lentinula edodes fruiting body autolysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1365-73. [PMID: 21523473 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A β-1,6-glucanase, LePus30A, was purified and cloned from fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes. β-1,6-glucanases degrade β-1,6-glucan polysaccharides, a unique and essential component of fungal cell walls. The complementary DNA of LePus30A includes an open reading frame of 1,575 bp encoding an 18 amino acid signal peptide and the 506 amino acid mature protein. Sequence analysis indicated that LePus30A is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 30, and highly similar genes are broadly conserved among basidiomycetes. The purified LePus30A catalyzed depolymerization of β-1,6-glucan endolytically and was highly specific toward β-1,6-glucan polysaccharide. It is known that the cell walls of fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes are autodegraded after harvesting by means of enzymatic hydrolysis. The transcript level of LePus30A gene (lepus30a) was significantly increased in fruiting bodies after harvesting. Moreover, LePus30A showed hydrolyzing activity against the cell wall components of L. edodes fruiting bodies. These results suggest that LePus30A is responsible for the degradation of the cell wall components during fruiting body autolysis after harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotake Konno
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, 22-174-4 Narita, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan.
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Akramiene D, Aleksandraviciene C, Grazeliene G, Zalinkevicius R, Suziedelis K, Didziapetriene J, Simonsen U, Stankevicius E, Kevelaitis E. Potentiating effect of beta-glucans on photodynamic therapy of implanted cancer cells in mice. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:299-306. [PMID: 20410681 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a drug or photosensitizer with a specific type of light to kill cancer cells. The cellular damage induced by PDT leads to activation of the DNA damage repair, which is an important factor for modulating tumor sensitivity to this treatment. beta-Glucans are natural polysaccharides that bind complement receptor 3 on the effector cells, thereby activating them to kill tumor cells during PDT. The hypothesis of the present study was that adjuvant therapy with beta-glucans would increase the efficacy of PDT. C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Ten days after implantation, the mice were administered intravenously sodium porfimer (10 mg/kg) 24 h prior to laser irradiation, with or without oral administration of beta-glucan (400 microg/d/mouse, 5 days) from either barley, baker's yeast, or marine brown algae that contains the storage glucan, laminarin. Tumor volume and necrotic area in excised tumors were measured. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined as an indicator of the activity of the DNA damage repair system. PDT in combination with each beta-glucan significantly reduced tumor growth (P < 0.05, n = 10) and expression of PCNA (P < 0.001, n = 9), and increased necrosis in tumor tissues (P < 0.001, n = 9). Furthermore, each structurally different <beta-glucan exerted similar potentiating effects on PDT. The present findings show that beta-glucans enhance the tumor response to PDT, resulting in pronounced necrosis of PDT-treated tumors and suppression of the DNA damage repair system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Akramiene
- Department of Physiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Sonck E, Stuyven E, Goddeeris B, Cox E. The effect of β-glucans on porcine leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 135:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wismar R, Brix S, Frøkiaer H, Laerke HN. Dietary fibers as immunoregulatory compounds in health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1190:70-85. [PMID: 20388138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) classified as dietary fibers have been reported to possess immunoregulatory properties. The fibers reported to activate or by other means modulate immune responses originate from both plant, fungal, and microbial sources and constitute highly distinct structures. In order to enhance our understanding of factors important for the immunoregulatory activities, this article addresses the importance of chemical structure, origin, and purity of fibers for their capacity to interact with key regulatory immune cells. Furthermore, we assess bioavailability, and discuss possible mechanisms involved. The binding of some NSPs to carbohydrate receptors on immune cells is well established and this event leads to activation or other changes. Especially, certain beta-glucans and some mannans have demonstrated immunomodulatory capacity with the specific structure being important for the activity. Within beta-glucans the activity varies according to structure, molecular weight, and solubility. As many of the preparations tested constitute crude extracts or partly purified NSPs, the risk of contaminants holding immunoregulatory activities should not be ignored. To what extent NSPs enter systemic circulation has been difficult to assess, partly due to lack of sensitive analytical methods. The presence of NSPs in blood and Peyer's patches in the gut has been demonstrated, supporting encounter between NSPs and immune cells, but bioavailability studies still constitute a major challenge. Studies demonstrating in vivo effects of beta-glucans on microbial infections and cancer treatment strongly indicate an immunoregulatory mechanism behind the effects. However, the potential of NSPs as immunoregulatory food ingredients is still far from fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Wismar
- Nutritional Immunology Group, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Volman JJ, Helsper JPFG, Wei S, Baars JJP, van Griensven LJLD, Sonnenberg ASM, Mensink RP, Plat J. Effects of mushroom-derived β-glucan-rich polysaccharide extracts on nitric oxide production by bone marrow-derived macrophages and nuclear factor-κB transactivation in Caco-2 reporter cells: Can effects be explained by structure? Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:268-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jumes FMD, Lugarini D, Pereira ALB, de Oliveira A, Christoff ADO, Linde GA, do Valle JS, Colauto NB, Acco A. Effects of Agaricus brasiliensis mushroom in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:21-7. [DOI: 10.1139/y09-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus brasiliensis is a mushroom native to São Paulo State, Brazil, that is studied for its medicinal proprieties. This work aimed to investigate the antitumoral activity of A. brasiliensis extracts and pure powdered basidiocarp preparation using Walker-256 (W256) tumor-bearing rats, a model for cancer-related cachexia studies. The rats were treated for 14 days by gavage (136 mg/kg) and at the end of the experiment tumors were collected to calculate mass and volume. Blood was collected for determination of plasma glucose, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Hepatic and tumor enzymes indicating oxidative stress were also evaluated. The results showed that all 4 treatments (pure powdered basidiocarp and aqueous, acid, and alkaline extracts) significantly reduced tumor size and promoted gain in body weight. Plasmatic analysis showed a reduction in AST level and increased glycemia in the treated rats. Pure basidiocarp preparations improved the liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, but did not change the glutathione S-transferase activity. The data collected from the W256 tumor-bearing rats revealed the beneficial effects of A. brasiliensis in tumor treatment, mainly related to cachexia. The benefits can be partly related to antioxidant activity and to reduction of weight loss and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Menon Dias Jumes
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Daiana Lugarini
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Leite Bastos Pereira
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Anabel de Oliveira
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Oliveira Christoff
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, C.P. 19031, 81531-900 Curitiba – PR, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Paranaense University, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, C.P. 224, 87502-210 Umuarama – PR, Brazil
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Protective effects of betaglucin on myocardial tissue during myocardial infarction in rats and dogs. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1092-8. [PMID: 19597525 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test the protective effects of betaglucin, a novel beta-glucan, on models of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats and dogs. METHODS The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion model was used to induce an MI in rats and dogs. Three doses of betaglucin (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), propranolol (positive control, 1 mg/kg) and vehicle alone (5% glucose solution) were administered before LAD occlusion, and characteristics of the resulting MI were subsequently assessed. In anesthetized dogs, blood pressure, heart rate, ventricular function, coronary artery blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were determined before and after the drug administration. RESULTS The MI mass in both rats and dogs was significantly reduced by betaglucin (30 and 100 mg/kg, P<0.01) and propranolol (P<0.01). In anesthetized dogs, coronary artery blood flow was increased significantly by betaglucin (30 and 100 mg/kg, P<0.01), but blood pressure, heart rate and ventricular function were not changed (P>0.05). High-dose betaglucin (100 mg/kg) increased myocardial oxygen consumption, but not to a statistically significant level (P>0.05). The hemodynamic indexes were significantly changed by propranolol. CONCLUSION Betaglucin has protective effects on myocardial tissue during MI in rats and dogs and has no influence on hemodynamic parameters at a therapeutic dose. The increase in coronary artery blood flow induced by betaglucin might be beneficial in the treatment of patients with MI.
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Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Beta-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates. Crit Rev Microbiol 2009; 35:109-38. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410902753746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Minamino K, Nagasawa Y, Ohtsuru M. A water-soluble extract from Grifola frondosa, maitake mushroom, decreases lipid droplets in brown adipocyte tissue cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 54:497-500. [PMID: 19155589 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.54.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a water-soluble extract from Grifola frondosa, the maitake mushroom, on lipid droplets in brown adipocyte tissue (BAT) cells. This water-soluble extract inhibits the conversion of pre white adipocyte tissue (WAT) cells but does not inhibit that of pre BAT cells. It reduces the amount of accumulated triglycerides (TG) in BAT cells. The glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activities of BAT cells decreased, but the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels increased. These results suggest that maitake extract inhibits TG accumulation-related energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Minamino
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Lo HC, Hsu TH, Chen CY. Submerged culture mycelium and broth of Grifola frondosa improve glycemic responses in diabetic rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:265-85. [PMID: 18457360 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0800576x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa, an edible fungus with a large fruiting body and overlapping caps, has been demonstrated to be a natural source of health-promoting substances, mainly due to its polysaccharides beta-glucan. By using male Wistar rats injected with saline (normal rats) or nicotinamide plus streptozotocin (diabetic rats), we investigated the effects of an orally ingested placebo (CON and STZ groups), culture mycelium (CGM and SGM groups), broth (CGB and SGB groups), and mycelium plus broth (CGX and SGX groups) of Grifola frondosa on glycemic responses. During the experimental period (from day 0 to day 15), the STZ group had significantly lower body weight compared to the CON group (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Moreover, the STZ group had significantly higher blood glucose concentrations at 2 hour-postprandial periods on days 0, 7, and 14 and in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on day 10, as well as significantly higher serum fructosamine and triglyceride on day 15 compared to the CON group. These diabetes-induced increases were significantly attenuated by administrations of mycelium and/or broth, i.e., the SGM, SGB, and SGX groups. The results of repeated-measures analysis and three-way ANOVA indicated that diabetes mellitus significantly increases, and mycelium administration significantly decreases postprandial blood glucose; diabetes mellitus significantly increases, and mycelium and broth administrations significantly decrease serum triglyceride, fructosamine, and blood glucose concentrations; moreover, in the area under the curve in OGTT, p<0.05. Our results revealed that submerged-culture mycelia and broth of Grifola frondosa have bioactivities for improving glycemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Lo
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Tada R, Tanioka A, Iwasawa H, Hatashima K, Shoji Y, Ishibashi KI, Adachi Y, Yamazaki M, Tsubaki K, Ohno N. Structural characterisation and biological activities of a unique type beta-D-glucan obtained from Aureobasidium pullulans. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:851-61. [PMID: 18587644 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A beta-D-glucan obtained from Aureobasidium pullulans (AP-FBG) exhibits various biological activities: it exhibits antitumour and antiosteoporotic effects and prevents food allergies. An unambiguous structural characterisation of AP-FBG is still awaited. The biological effects of beta-D-glucan are known to depend on its primary structures, conformation, and molecular weight. Here, we elucidate the primary structure of AP-FBG by NMR spectroscopy, and evaluate its biological activities. Its structure was shown to comprise a mixture of a 1-3-beta-D-glucan backbone with single 1-6-beta-D-glucopyranosyl side-branching units every two residues (major structure) and a 1-3-beta-D-glucan backbone with single 1-6-beta-D-glucopyranosyl side-branching units every three residues (minor structure). Furthermore, this beta-D-glucan exhibited immunostimulatory effects such as the accumulation of immune cells and priming effects against enterobacterium. To our knowledge, 1-3-beta-glucans like AP-FBG with such a high number of 1-6-beta-glucopyranosyl side branching have a unique structure; nevertheless, many 1-3-beta-glucans were isolated from various sources, e.g. fungi, bacteria, and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Lee SY, Lee CY, Park YC, Kim JB. Effects of Hanbag Mushroom(Grifola frondosa) on Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2007.17.11.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zeković DB, Kwiatkowski S, Vrvić MM, Jakovljević D, Moran CA. Natural and modified (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in health promotion and disease alleviation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2006; 25:205-30. [PMID: 16419618 DOI: 10.1080/07388550500376166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of polysaccharides with beta-glycosidic linkage are widespread in nature in a variety of sources. All have a common structure and the (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan backbone is essential. They have attracted attention over the years because of their bioactive and medicinal properties. In many cases their functional role is a mystery, in others it is well established. Because of their insoluble chemical nature, particulate (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans are not suitable for many medical applications. Various methods of changing or modifying the beta-D-glucan chemical structure and transforming it to a soluble form have been published. The beta-D-glucan bioactive properties can be affected positively or negatively by such modifications. This review examines beta-glucan sources in nature, health effects and structure-activity relationships. It presents the current state of beta-D-glucan solubilization methods and discusses their effectiveness and application possibilities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje B Zeković
- Alltech's North American Bioscience Center, 3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA.
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Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT. Botanical polysaccharides: macrophage immunomodulation and therapeutic potential. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 6:317-33. [PMID: 16428067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 859] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Botanical polysaccharides exhibit a number of beneficial therapeutic properties, and it is thought that the mechanisms involved in these effects are due to the modulation of innate immunity and, more specifically, macrophage function. In this review, we summarize our current state of understanding of the macrophage modulatory effects of botanical polysaccharides isolated from a wide array of different species of flora, including higher plants, mushrooms, lichens and algae. Overall, the primary effect of botanical polysaccharides is to enhance and/or activate macrophage immune responses, leading to immunomodulation, anti-tumor activity, wound-healing and other therapeutic effects. Furthermore, botanical and microbial polysaccharides bind to common surface receptors and induce similar immunomodulatory responses in macrophages, suggesting that evolutionarily conserved polysaccharide structural features are shared between these organisms. Thus, the evaluation of botanical polysaccharides provides a unique opportunity for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents and adjuvants that exhibit beneficial immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Lull C, Wichers HJ, Savelkoul HFJ. Antiinflammatory and immunomodulating properties of fungal metabolites. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005:63-80. [PMID: 16030389 PMCID: PMC1160565 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss current information on the ability of extracts and isolated metabolites from mushrooms to modulate immune responses. This can result in a more enhanced innate and acquired disease resistance. The major immunomodulating effects of these active substances derived from mushrooms include mitogenicity and activation of immune effector cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells, resulting in the production of cytokines, including interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-alpha, and interferon gamma (INF)-gamma. In particular, the ability of selective mushroom extracts to modulate the differentiation capacity of CD4(+) T cells to mature into T(H)1 and/or T(H)2 subsets will be discussed. As a consequence these extracts will have profound effects in particular diseases, like chronic autoimmune T(H)1-mediated or allergic T(H)2-mediated diseases. Immunosuppressive effects by mushroom components have also been observed. The therapeutic effects of mushrooms, such as anticancer activity, suppression of autoimmune diseases, and allergy have been associated with their immunomodulating effects. However, further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulating effects of mushrooms metabolites both individually and in complex mixtures, for example, extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lull
- Agrotechnology and Food Innovations, Wageningen University and Research Center, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry J. Wichers
- Agrotechnology and Food Innovations, Wageningen University and Research Center, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Berner MD, Sura ME, Alves BN, Hunter KW. IFN-γ primes macrophages for enhanced TNF-α expression in response to stimulatory and non-stimulatory amounts of microparticulate β-glucan. Immunol Lett 2005; 98:115-22. [PMID: 15790516 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
beta-(1-->3)-D-Glucan is an integral cell wall component of a variety of fungi, plants, and bacteria. Like the prototypic inflammatory mediator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), some beta-(1--> 3)-D-glucan-containing preparations have been shown to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages. In the present study, we have tested a new microparticulate form of beta-(1--> 3)-D-glucan (MG) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for its ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and we have examined the effect of IFN-gamma. MG was rapidly phagocytized by peritoneal macrophages, and these MG-treated macrophages upregulated TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNAs and secreted these proinflammatory cytokines. IFN-gamma treatment alone did not induce unstimulated macrophages to produce TNF-alpha. However, a 4 h IFN-gamma pretreatment augmented TNF-alpha secretion by peritoneal macrophages subsequently treated with an optimally stimulatory dose of MG. IFN-gamma pretreatment for 2 h followed by thorough washing and a further 2 h incubation without IFN-gamma still resulted in enhanced TNF-alpha production in response to MG, suggesting that IFN-gamma can prime macrophages for a subsequent proinflammatory response. Most interestingly, we found that IFN-gamma pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages enhanced the TNF-alpha response to amounts of MG that were poorly stimulatory or non-stimulatory in the absence of IFN-gamma priming. These data suggest that a synergy between IFN-gamma and beta-glucan may have evolved to lower the threshold of sensitivity of the innate immune response to fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D Berner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Applied Research Facility, MS-199, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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