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De novo genome assembly and analysis of Zalaria sp. Him3, a novel fructooligosaccharides producing yeast. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:78. [PMID: 36357835 PMCID: PMC9647967 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zalaria sp. Him3 was reported as a novel fructooligosaccharides (FOS) producing yeast. However, Zalaria spp. have not been widely known and have been erroneously classified as a different black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, de novo genome assembly and analysis of Zalaria sp. Him3 was demonstrated to confirm the existence of a potential enzyme that facilitates FOS production and to compare with the genome of A. pullulans. Results The genome of Zalaria sp. Him3 was analyzed; the total read bases and total number of reads were 6.38 Gbp and 42,452,134 reads, respectively. The assembled genome sequence was calculated to be 22.38 Mbp, with 207 contigs, N50 of 885,387, L50 of 10, GC content of 53.8%, and 7,496 genes. g2419, g3120, and g3700 among the predicted genes were annotated as cellulase, xylanase, and β-fructofuranosidase (FFase), respectively. When the read sequences were mapped to A. pullulans EXF-150 genome as a reference, a small amount of reads (3.89%) corresponded to the reference genome. Phylogenetic tree analysis, which was based on the conserved sequence set consisting of 2,362 orthologs in the genome, indicated genetic differences between Zalaria sp. Him3 and Aureobasidium spp. Conclusion The differences between Zalaria and Aureobasidium spp. were evident at the genome level. g3700 identified in the Zalaria sp. Him3 likely does not encode a highly transfructosyl FFase because the motif sequences were unlike those in other FFases involved in FOS production. Therefore, strain Him3 may produce another FFase. Furthermore, several genes with promising functions were identified and might elicit further interest in Zalaria yeast. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01094-2.
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Coetzee G, Smith JJ, Görgens JF. Influence of codon optimization, promoter, and strain selection on the heterologous production of a β-fructofuranosidase from Aspergillus fijiensis ATCC 20611 in Pichia pastoris. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:339-350. [PMID: 35133569 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are compounds possessing various health properties and are added to functional foods as prebiotics. The commercial production of FOS is done through the enzymatic transfructolysation of sucrose by β-fructofuranosidases which is found in various organisms of which Aureobasidium pullulans and Aspergillus niger are the most well known. This study overexpressed two differently codon-optimized variations of the Aspergillus fijiensis β-fructofuranosidase-encoding gene (fopA) under the transcriptional control of either the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoters. When cultivated in shake flasks, the two codon-optimized variants displayed similar volumetric enzyme activities when expressed under control of the same promoter with the GAP strains producing 11.7 U/ml and 12.7 U/ml, respectively, and the AOX1 strains 95.8 U/ml and 98.6 U/ml, respectively. However, the highest production levels were achieved for both codon-optimized genes when expressed under control of the AOX1 promoter. The AOX1 promoter was superior to the GAP promoter in bioreactor cultivations for both codon-optimized genes with 13,702 U/ml and 2718 U/ml for the AOX1 promoter for ATUM and GeneArt®, respectively, and 6057 U/ml and 1790 U/ml for the GAP promoter for ATUM and GeneArt®, respectively. The ATUM-optimized gene produced higher enzyme activities when compared to the one from GeneArt®, under the control of both promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhardt Coetzee
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Jacques J Smith
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Johann F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Han S, Pan L, Zeng W, Yang L, Yang D, Chen G, Liang Z. Improved production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using a mutant strain of Aspergillus oryzae S719 overexpressing β-fructofuranosidase (FTase) genes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Continuous production of fructooligosaccharides by recycling of the thermal-stable β-fructofuranosidase produced by Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1175-1182. [PMID: 33575897 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To achieve continuous production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) by recycling of the mycelial cells containing the thermal-stable β-fructofuranosidase in Aspergillus niger without immobilization. RESULTS The thermal-stable β-fructofuranosidase FopA-V1 was successfully expressed in A. niger ATCC 20611 under the control of the constitutive promoter PgpdA. The engineered A. niger strain FV1-11 produced the β-fructofuranosidase with improved thermostability, which remained 91.2% of initial activity at 50 °C for 30 h. Then its mycelial β-fructofuranosidase was recycled for the synthesis of FOS. It was found that the enzyme still had 79.3% of initial activity after being reused for six consecutive cycles, whereas only 62.3% β-fructofuranosidase activity was detected in the parental strain ATCC 20611. Meanwhile, the FOS yield of FV1-11 after six consecutive cycles reached 57.1% (w/w), but only 51.0% FOS yield was detected in ATCC 20611. CONCLUSIONS The thermal-stable β-fructofuranosidase produced by A. niger can be recycled to achieve continuous synthesis of FOS with high efficiency, providing a powerful and economical strategy for the industrial production of FOS.
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Jafari R, Naghavi NS, Khosravi-Darani K, Doudi M, Shahanipour K. Kombucha microbial starter with enhanced production of antioxidant compounds and invertase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Preparation of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of an Inulosucrase Mutant for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Inulin-Type Fructooligosaccharides. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides are well-known carbohydrate molecules that exhibit good probiotic activity and are widely used as sweeteners. Inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (IFOs) can be synthesized from sucrose using inulosucrase. In this study, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (R483A-LrInu) were prepared and used as a biocatalyst for IFOs production. Under optimum conditions, R483A-LrInu CLEAs retained 42% of original inulosucrase activity. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimum pH of inulosucrase changed from 5 to 4 after immobilization, while the optimum temperature was unchanged. Furthermore, the pH stability and thermostability of the R483A-LrInu CLEAs was significantly improved. IFOs product characterization indicated that the product specificity of the enzyme was impacted by CLEA generation, producing a narrower range of IFOs than the soluble enzyme. In addition, the R483A-LrInu CLEAs showed operational stability in the batch synthesis of IFOs.
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Klaewkla M, Chunsrivirot S, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Field RA, Prousoontorn MH. Rational re-design of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase for product chain length control. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14957-14965. [PMID: 35516339 PMCID: PMC9064246 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are well-known prebiotics that are widely used in the food, beverage and pharmaceutical industries. Inulosucrase (E.C. 2.4.1.9) can potentially be used to synthesise FOSs from sucrose. In this study, inulosucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri 121 was engineered by site-directed mutagenesis to change the FOS chain length. Three variants (R483F, R483Y and R483W) were designed, and their binding free energies with 1,1,1-kestopentaose (GF4) were calculated with the Rosetta software. R483F and R483Y were predicted to bind with GF4 better than the wild type, suggesting that these engineered enzymes should be able to effectively extend GF4 by one residue and produce a greater quantity of GF5 than the wild type. MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that R483F, R483Y and R483W variants could synthesise shorter chain FOSs with a degree of polymerization (DP) up to 11, 10, and 10, respectively, while wild type produced longer FOSs and in polymeric form. Although the decrease in catalytic activity and the increase of hydrolysis/transglycosylation activity ratio was observed, the variants could effectively synthesise FOSs with the yield up to 73% of substrate. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that these variants produced a larger quantity of GF5 than wild type, which was in good agreement with the predicted binding free energy results. Our findings demonstrate the success of using aromatic amino acid residues, at position D418, to block the oligosaccharide binding track of inulosucrase in controlling product chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
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Mao S, Liu Y, Yang J, Ma X, Zeng F, Zhang Z, Wang S, Han H, Qin HM, Lu F. Cloning, expression and characterization of a novel fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus niger and its application in the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:23856-23863. [PMID: 35530578 PMCID: PMC9069702 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructosyltransferases have been used in the industrial production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS).
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Fujii T, Tochio T, Hirano K, Tamura K, Tonozuka T. Rapid evaluation of 1-kestose producing β-fructofuranosidases from Aspergillus species and enhancement of 1-kestose production using a PgsA surface-display system. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1599-1605. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1480347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
1-Kestose is a key prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) sugar. Some β-fructofuranosidases (FFases) have high transfructosylation activity, which is useful for manufacturing FOS. Therefore, obtaining FFases that produce 1-kestose efficiently is important. Here, we established a rapid FFase evaluation method using Escherichia coli that display different FFases fused to a PgsA anchor protein from Bacillus subtilis. E. coli cell suspensions expressing the PgsA-FFase fusion efficiently produce FOS from sucrose. Using this screening technique, we found that the E. coli transformant expressing Aspergillus kawachii FFase (AkFFase) produced a larger amount of 1-kestose than those expressing FFases from A. oryzae and A. terreus. Saturation mutagenesis of AkFFase was performed, and the mutant G85W was obtained. The E. coli transformant expressing AkFFase G85W markedly increased production of 1-kestose. Our results indicate that the surface display technique using PgsA is useful for screening of FFases, and AkFFase G85W is likely to be suitable for 1-kestose production.
Abbreviations: AkFFase: Aspergillus kawachii FFase; AoFFase: Aspergillus oryzae FFase; AtFFase: Aspergillus terreus FFase; FFase: β-fructofuranosidase; FOS: fructooligosaccharide; fructosylnystose: 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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10
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Prousoontorn MH. Highly porous core-shell chitosan beads with superb immobilization efficiency for Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and production of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17008-17016. [PMID: 35540533 PMCID: PMC9080446 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim to overcome the limitations of hydrogel chitosan beads (HGBs), various types of chitosan, core-shell chitosan beads (CSBs), and dried chitosan beads (DBs) were synthesized. Physical and chemical properties were compared with those of HGBs. CSBs were proved to be an effective support because they displayed higher stability and capacity over the HGBs, and thus, were selected for enzyme immobilization. Recombinant inulosucrase (INU) from Lactobacillus reuteri 121 was immobilized on CSBs using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Immobilized biocatalysts (INU-CSBs) were then used for the synthesis of inulin-type fructooligosaccharide (IFOS). Biochemical characterization revealed that the optimum pH of both INU-CSBs and free enzyme was unaltered at 5.5 whereas the optimum temperature of INU-CSBs shifted from 50 °C to 60 °C. Moreover, pH stability and thermostability of INU-CSBs significantly improved. For batch synthesis of IFOS, INU-CSBs retained approximately 45% of their initial catalytic activity after being reused for 12 cycles. IFOS was also continuously synthesized in a fixed-bed bioreactor for a reaction duration of at least 30 h. The high efficiency of INU-CSBs makes them very attractive for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Payathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Payathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Payathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Xie Y, Zhou H, Liu C, Zhang J, Li N, Zhao Z, Sun G, Zhong Y. A molasses habitat-derived fungus Aspergillus tubingensis XG21 with high β-fructofuranosidase activity and its potential use for fructooligosaccharides production. AMB Express 2017; 7:128. [PMID: 28641403 PMCID: PMC5479774 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial microorganisms used for fructooligosaccharides (FOS) synthesis are generally fermented with sucrose as carbon source to induce the production of β-fructofuranosidase (FFase) having transfructosylation activity. Consequently, isolation of novel FFase producers from a sucrose-enriched biotope would help improve FOS productivity and reduce the process cost. Here, three fungi isolated from a unique sugarcane molasses habitat were found to possess FFase activity and one of them, XG21, exhibited a high capacity to synthesize FOS. Analysis of its morphological properties and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence allowed the taxonomic position to be assigned and it was thus identified as Aspergillus tubingensis XG21. It could utilize various potential carbon sources for vigorous growth, but only produced high-level FFase activity on sucrose. Furthermore, the transfructosylation ability and FOS synthesis were analyzed by TLC and HPLC. During the transfructosylation reaction, an increase in sucrose concentration led to the remarkable enhancement in FOS formation with the maximum content of up to 56.9% within 8 h. Finally, the sugarcane molasses was used to cultivate A. tubingensis XG21 and the optimal FFase activity reached up to 558.3 U/g, which was 88.9% higher than that with sucrose as carbon source. These results indicate that A. tubingensis XG21 can be considered as a new genetic resource adapted to cheaply available carbon sources for FOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanxia Zhou
- Shandong Xingguang Sugar Group Co. Ltd., Laoling, Dezhou, 253600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Xingguang Sugar Group Co. Ltd., Laoling, Dezhou, 253600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanli Zhao
- Shandong Xingguang Sugar Group Co. Ltd., Laoling, Dezhou, 253600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyong Sun
- Anaesthesiology Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
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Enhancing fructooligosaccharides production by genetic improvement of the industrial fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. J Biotechnol 2017; 249:25-33. [PMID: 28344156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger ATCC20611 is one of the most potent filamentous fungi used commercially for production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which are prospective components of functional food by stimulating probiotic bacteria in the human gut. However, current strategies for improving FOS yield still rely on production process development. The genetic engineering approach hasn't been applied in industrial strains to increase FOS production level. Here, an optimized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation system was established in A. niger ATCC 20611 and used for further strain improvement. The pyrithiamine resistance gene (ptrA) was selected as a dominant marker and protoplasts were prepared with high concentration (up to 108g-1 wet weight mycelium) by using mixed cell wall-lysing enzymes. The transformation frequency with ptrA can reach 30-50 transformants per μg of DNA. In addition, the efficiency of co-transformation with the EGFP reporter gene (egfp) was high (approx. 82%). Furthermore, an activity-improved variant of β-fructofuranosidase, FopA(A178P), was successfully overexpressed in A. niger ATCC 20611 by using the transformation system. The transformant, CM6, exhibited a 58% increase in specific β-fructofuranosidase activity (up to 507U/g), compared to the parental strain (320U/g), and effectively reduced the time needed for completion of FOS synthesis. These results illustrate the feasibility of strain improvement through genetic engineering for further enhancement of FOS production level.
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Spohner SC, Czermak P. Enzymatic production of prebiotic fructo‐oligosteviol glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Novel Fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus oryzae ZZ-01 for the Synthesis of Sucrose 6-Acetate. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Spohner SC, Czermak P. Heterologous expression of Aspergillus terreus fructosyltransferase in Kluyveromyces lactis. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:473-9. [PMID: 27084521 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fructo-oligosaccharides are prebiotic and hypocaloric sweeteners that are usually extracted from chicory. They can also be produced from sucrose using fructosyltransferases, but the only commercial enzyme suitable for this purpose is Pectinex Ultra, which is produced with Aspergillus aculeatus. Here we used the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis to express a secreted recombinant fructosyltransferase from the inulin-producing fungus Aspergillus terreus. A synthetic codon-optimised version of the putative β-fructofuranosidase ATEG 04996 (XP 001214174.1) from A. terreus NIH2624 was secreted as a functional protein into the extracellular medium. At 60°C, the purified A. terreus enzyme generated the same pattern of oligosaccharides as Pectinex Ultra, but at lower temperatures it also produced oligomers with up to seven units. We achieved activities of up to 986.4U/mL in high-level expression experiments, which is better than previous reports of optimised Aspergillus spp. fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Spohner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany; Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA.
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Olarte-Avellaneda S, Rodríguez-López A, Patiño JD, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Sánchez OF. In Silico Analysis of the Structure of Fungal Fructooligosaccharides-Synthesizing Enzymes. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 10:53-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:497-513. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Visnapuu T, Mardo K, Alamäe T. Levansucrases of a Pseudomonas syringae pathovar as catalysts for the synthesis of potentially prebiotic oligo- and polysaccharides. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Trollope KM, van Wyk N, Kotjomela MA, Volschenk H. Sequence and structure-based prediction of fructosyltransferase activity for functional subclassification of fungal GH32 enzymes. FEBS J 2015; 282:4782-96. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. Trollope
- Department of Microbiology; Stellenbosch University; South Africa
| | - Niël van Wyk
- Department of Microbiology; Stellenbosch University; South Africa
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Comparison of Fructooligosaccharide Utilization byLactobacillusandBacteroidesSpecies. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:176-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Trollope KM, Nieuwoudt HH, Görgens JF, Volschenk H. Screening a random mutagenesis library of a fungal β-fructofuranosidase using FT-MIR ATR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:4063-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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van Wyk N, Trollope KM, Steenkamp ET, Wingfield BD, Volschenk H. Identification of the gene for β-fructofuranosidase from Ceratocystis moniliformis CMW 10134 and characterization of the enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:100. [PMID: 24225070 PMCID: PMC3880211 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-Fructofuranosidases (or invertases) catalyse the commercially-important biotransformation of sucrose into short-chain fructooligosaccharides with wide-scale application as a prebiotic in the functional foods and pharmaceutical industries. Results We identified a β-fructofuranosidase gene (CmINV) from a Ceratocystis moniliformis genome sequence using protein homology and phylogenetic analysis. The predicted 615 amino acid protein, CmINV, grouped with an existing clade within the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 32 and showed typical conserved motifs of this enzyme family. Heterologous expression of the CmINV gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742∆suc2 provided further evidence that CmINV indeed functions as a β-fructofuranosidase. Firstly, expression of the CmINV gene complemented the inability of the ∆suc2 deletion mutant strain of S. cerevisiae to grow on sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. Secondly, the recombinant protein was capable of producing short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) when incubated in the presence of 10% sucrose. Purified deglycosylated CmINV protein showed a molecular weight of ca. 66 kDa and a Km and Vmax on sucrose of 7.50 mM and 986 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Its optimal pH and temperature conditions were determined to be 6.0 and 62.5°C, respectively. The addition of 50 mM LiCl led to a 186% increase in CmINV activity. Another striking feature was the relatively high volumetric production of this protein in S. cerevisiae as one mL of supernatant was calculated to contain 197 ± 6 International Units of enzyme. Conclusion The properties of the CmINV enzyme make it an attractive alternative to other invertases being used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heinrich Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Room A322, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Gutierrez ÁM, Bahamon I, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez MA, Sánchez OF. Computational analysis of the fructosyltransferase enzymes in plants, fungi and bacteria. Gene 2011; 484:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Rodríguez MA, Sánchez OF, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Gene cloning and enzyme structure modeling of the Aspergillus oryzae N74 fructosyltransferase. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1151-61. [PMID: 20563857 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fructooligosaccharides (FOS) represent an important source of prebiotic compounds that are widely used as an ingredient in functional foods. Recently, the strain Aspergillus oryzae N74 was reported as a potential microorganism for the industrial production of FOS, due to its high yields of FOS production. In this work, we used a PCR-cloning strategy to clone the A. oryzae N74 ftase gene as a previous step for recombinant enzyme production. Ftase showed a 1630 bp size with a 99% similarity with other A. oryzae strains and between 1 to 68% identities with other Aspergillus strains. This gene encodes for a 525 amino acids protein with 99% similarity with other A. oryzae strains and between 11 to 69% similarities with other Aspergillus strains. Finally, an A. oryzae N74 FTase tertiary structure model was predicted base on its similarity with other glycoside hydrolase 32 family members. The active site was located inside the β-propeller domain and was formed for non-charged polar and charged amino acids. In summary, these results shows the high level of sequence conservation between A. oryzae strains and represent a first step towards the development of a FOS production industrial process using recombinant microorganism carrying the ftase gene from A. oryzae N74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro A Rodríguez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Kra 7 No. 43-82 Building 53, Room 303, Bogota, Colombia
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25
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Kurakake M, Ogawa K, Sugie M, Takemura A, Sugiura K, Komaki T. Two types of beta-fructofuranosidases from Aspergillus oryzae KB. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:591-596. [PMID: 18088091 DOI: 10.1021/jf072762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae KB produces two types of beta-fructofuranosidases, F1 and F2. F1 produces 1-kestose, nystose, and fructosyl nystose from sucrose through its transfructosylation action. F2 hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose. N-Terminal amino acid sequences of the purified enzymes were DYNAAPPNLST for F1 and YSGDLRPQ for F2. Each enzyme encoding gene was identified in the genome of Aspergillus oryzae. Although the KB strain showed a higher production of F2 than F1 in a low sucrose liquid medium, F2 production gradually decreased, whereas F1 production increased with increasing sucrose concentration in the medium. Synthesis of F1 and F2 mRNAs analyzed on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction corresponded to individual enzymatic production. During liquid culture of the KB strain, F1 synthesizes fructooligosaccharides from sucrose through transfructosylation, and F2 gradually hydrolyzes it. In a highly concentrated sucrose medium, intake of sucrose into the KB strain was depressed by F1 through synthesis of transfer products, fructooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kurakake
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Sanzou, Gakuenchou 1 banchi, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
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26
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Zuccaro A, Götze S, Kneip S, Dersch P, Seibel J. Tailor-Made Fructooligosaccharides by a Combination of Substrate and Genetic Engineering. Chembiochem 2008; 9:143-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Sannohe Y, Fukasawa T, Koga J, Kubota H, Kanegae M. Comparison of the Growth of Bifidobacteria in Two Culture Media Containing Either 1-Kestose (GF 2) or Nystose (GF 3). Biosci Microflora 2008. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.27.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Sannohe
- Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd
| | | | - Jinichiro Koga
- Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd
| | | | - Minoru Kanegae
- Food and Health R&D Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd
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28
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Goosen C, Yuan XL, van Munster JM, Ram AFJ, van der Maarel MJEC, Dijkhuizen L. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel intracellular invertase from Aspergillus niger with transfructosylating activity. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 6:674-81. [PMID: 17293485 PMCID: PMC1865650 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00361-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel subfamily of putative intracellular invertase enzymes (glycoside hydrolase family 32) has previously been identified in fungal genomes. Here, we report phylogenetic, molecular, and biochemical characteristics of SucB, one of two novel intracellular invertases identified in Aspergillus niger. The sucB gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and an invertase-negative strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme purified from E. coli lysate displayed a molecular mass of 75 kDa, judging from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Its optimum pH and temperature for sucrose hydrolysis were determined to be 5.0 and 37 to 40 degrees C, respectively. In addition to sucrose, the enzyme hydrolyzed 1-kestose, nystose, and raffinose but not inulin and levan. SucB produced 1-kestose and nystose from sucrose and 1-kestose, respectively. With nystose as a substrate, products up to a degree of polymerization of 4 were observed. SucB displayed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with substrate inhibition on sucrose (apparent K(m), K(i), and V(max) of 2.0 +/- 0.2 mM, 268.1 +/- 18.1 mM, and 6.6 +/- 0.2 mumol min(-1) mg(-1) of protein [total activity], respectively). At sucrose concentrations up to 400 mM, transfructosylation (FTF) activity contributed approximately 20 to 30% to total activity. At higher sucrose concentrations, FTF activity increased to up to 50% of total activity. Disruption of sucB in A. niger resulted in an earlier onset of sporulation on solid medium containing various carbon sources, whereas no alteration of growth in liquid culture medium was observed. SucB thus does not play an essential role in inulin or sucrose catabolism in A. niger but may be needed for the intracellular conversion of sucrose to fructose, glucose, and small oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenie Goosen
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
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29
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Yuan XL, Goosen C, Kools H, van der Maarel MJEC, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Dijkhuizen L, Ram AFJ. Database mining and transcriptional analysis of genes encoding inulin-modifying enzymes of Aspergillus niger. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 152:3061-3073. [PMID: 17005986 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.29051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a soil fungus, Aspergillus niger can metabolize a wide variety of carbon sources, employing sets of enzymes able to degrade plant-derived polysaccharides. In this study the genome sequence of A. niger strain CBS 513.88 was surveyed, to analyse the gene/enzyme network involved in utilization of the plant storage polymer inulin, and of sucrose, the substrate for inulin synthesis in plants. In addition to three known activities, encoded by the genes suc1 (invertase activity; designated sucA), inuE (exo-inulinase activity) and inuA/inuB (endo-inulinase activity), two new putative invertase-like proteins were identified. These two putative proteins lack N-terminal signal sequences and therefore are expected to be intracellular enzymes. One of these two genes, designated sucB, is expressed at a low level, and its expression is up-regulated when A. niger is grown on sucrose- or inulin-containing media. Transcriptional analysis of the genes encoding the sucrose- (sucA) and inulin-hydrolysing enzymes (inuA and inuE) indicated that they are similarly regulated and all strongly induced on sucrose and inulin. Analysis of a DeltacreA mutant strain of A. niger revealed that expression of the extracellular inulinolytic enzymes is under control of the catabolite repressor CreA. Expression of the inulinolytic enzymes was not induced by fructose, not even in the DeltacreA background, indicating that fructose did not act as an inducer. Evidence is provided that sucrose, or a sucrose-derived intermediate, but not fructose, acts as an inducer for the expression of inulinolytic genes in A. niger.
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MESH Headings
- Aspergillus niger/enzymology
- Aspergillus niger/genetics
- Aspergillus niger/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Computational Biology
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Fructose
- Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
- Genome, Fungal
- Inulin/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protein Sorting Signals/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/analysis
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sucrose/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- beta-Fructofuranosidase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Yuan
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Fungal Genetics Research Group, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Coenie Goosen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing TNO-University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Kools
- Microbiology, Fungal Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J E C van der Maarel
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Innovative Ingredients and Products, Rouaanstraat 27, 9723 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing TNO-University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Cees A M J J van den Hondel
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Fungal Genetics Research Group, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing TNO-University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F J Ram
- TNO Quality of Life, Business Unit Microbiology, Utrechtseweg 48, 3500 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Fungal Genetics Research Group, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Ghazi I, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Garcia-Arellano H, Ferrer M, Ballesteros A, Plou FJ. Purification and kinetic characterization of a fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus aculeatus. J Biotechnol 2006; 128:204-11. [PMID: 17056145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A fructosyltransferase present in Pectinex Ultra SP-L, a commercial enzyme preparation from Aspergillus aculeatus, was purified to 107-fold and further characterised. The enzyme was a dimeric glycoprotein (20% (w/w) carbohydrate content) with a molecular mass of around 135 kDa for the dimer. Optimal activity/stability was found in the pH range 5.0-7.0 and at 60 degrees C. It was stable or slightly activated (upto 1.4-fold) in the presence of reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol, and detergents, such as sodium dodecylsulphate and Tween 80. The enzyme was able to transfer fructosyl groups from sucrose as donor producing the corresponding series of fructooligosaccharides: 1-kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose. Using sucrose as substrate, the k(cat) and K(m) values for transfructosylating activity were 1.62+/-0.09 x 10(4)s(-1) and 0.53+/-0.05 M, whereas for hydrolytic activity the corresponding values were 775+/-25s(-1) and 27+/-3 mM. At elevated sucrose concentrations, the fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus showed a high transferase/hydrolase ratio that confers it a great potential for the industrial production of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Ghazi
- Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Voegele RT, Wirsel S, Möll U, Lechner M, Mendgen K. Cloning and characterization of a novel invertase from the obligate biotroph Uromyces fabae and analysis of expression patterns of host and pathogen invertases in the course of infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:625-34. [PMID: 16776296 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Invertases are key enzymes in carbon partitioning in higher plants. They gain additional importance in the distribution of carbohydrates in the event of wounding or pathogen attack. Although many researchers have found an increase in invertase activity upon infection, only a few studies were able to determine whether the source of this activity was host or parasite. This article analyzes the role of invertases involved in the biotrophic interaction of the rust fungus Uromyces fabae and its host plant, Vicia faba. We have identified a fungal gene, Uf-INV1, with homology to invertases and assessed its contribution to pathogenesis. Expression analysis indicated that transcription began upon penetration of the fungus into the leaf, with high expression levels in haustoria. Heterologous expression of Uf-INV1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris allowed a biochemical characterization of the enzymatic activity associated with the secreted gene product INV1p. Expression analysis of the known vacuolar and cell-wall-bound invertase isoforms of V. faba indicated a decrease in the expression of a vacuolar invertase, whereas one cell-wall-associated invertase exhibited increased expression. These changes were not confined to the infected tissue, and effects also were observed in remote plant organs, such as roots. These findings hint at systemic effects of pathogen infection. Our results support the hypothesis that pathogen infection establishes new sinks which compete with physiological sink organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf T Voegele
- Phytopathologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Rajoka MI, Yasmeen A. Improved productivity of β-fructofuranosidase by a derepressed mutant of Aspergillus niger from conventional and non-conventional substrates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-1995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Isono N, Tochihara T, Kusnadi Y, Win TT, Watanabe K, Obae K, Ito H, Matsui H. Cloning and heterologous expression of a β-fructofuranosidase gene from Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 3062, and site-directed mutagenesis of the essential aspartic acid and glutamic acid of the active site. J Biosci Bioeng 2004; 97:244-9. [PMID: 16233623 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned the gene encoding a beta-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 3062, and subsequently, the gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. This beta-fructofuranosidase gene encodes a protein of 548 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 60,519 Da. We have examined the roles of three residues of A. globiformis IFO 3062 beta-fructofuranosidase by site-directed mutagenesis, and found that aspartic acid 130 and glutamic acid 392, which are two of the apparent catalytic residues, are essential for hydrolase activity. This study provides the first experimental evidence showing that these two amino acid residues of beta-fructofuranosidase play a critical role in hydrolyzing sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Isono
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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Kulminskaya AA, Arand M, Eneyskaya EV, Ivanen DR, Shabalin KA, Shishlyannikov SM, Saveliev AN, Korneeva OS, Neustroev KN. Biochemical characterization of Aspergillus awamori exoinulinase: substrate binding characteristics and regioselectivity of hydrolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1650:22-9. [PMID: 12922166 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1H-NMR analysis was applied to investigate the hydrolytic activity of Aspergillus awamori inulinase. The obtained NMR signals and deduced metabolite pattern revealed that the enzyme cleaves off only fructose from inulin and does not possess transglycosylating activity. Kinetics for the enzyme hydrolysis of inulooligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization (d.p.) were recorded. The enzyme hydrolyzed both beta2,1- as well as beta2,6-fructosyl linkages in fructooligosaccharides. From the k(cat)/K(m) ratios obtained with inulooligosaccharides with d.p. from 2 to 7, we deduce that the catalytic site of the inulinase contains at least five fructosyl-binding sites and can be classified as exo-acting enzyme. Product analysis of inulopentaose and inulohexaose hydrolysis by the Aspergillus inulinase provided no evidence for a possible multiple-attack mode of action, suggesting that the enzyme acts exclusively as an exoinulinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Kulminskaya
- Division of Molecular and Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gatchina, Orlova Rosha, St. Petersburg 188350, Russia
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Moriya T, Murashima K, Nakane A, Yanai K, Sumida N, Koga J, Murakami T, Kono T. Molecular cloning of endo-beta-D-1,4-glucanase genes, rce1, rce2, and rce3, from Rhizopus oryzae. J Bacteriol 2003; 185:1749-56. [PMID: 12591897 PMCID: PMC148074 DOI: 10.1128/jb.185.5.1749-1756.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three endoglucanase genes, designated the rce1, rce2, and rce3 genes, were isolated from Rhizopus oryzae as the first cellulase genes from the subdivision ZYGOMYCOTA: All the amino acid sequences deduced from the rce1, rce2, and rce3 genes consisted of three distinct domains: cellulose binding domains, linker domains, and catalytic domains belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 45. The rce3 gene had two tandem repeated sequences of cellulose binding domains, while rce1 and rce2 had only one. rce1, rce2, and rce3 had various lengths of linker sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Moriya
- Microbiological Resources and Technology Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., Saitama 350-0289, Japan
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