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Li T, Li L, Du F, Sun L, Shi J, Long M, Chen Z. Activity and Mechanism of Action of Antifungal Peptides from Microorganisms: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113438. [PMID: 34198909 PMCID: PMC8201221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful fungi in nature not only cause diseases in plants, but also fungal infection and poisoning when people and animals eat food derived from crops contaminated with them. Unfortunately, such fungi are becoming increasingly more resistant to traditional synthetic antifungal drugs, which can make prevention and control work increasingly more difficult to achieve. This means they are potentially very harmful to human health and lifestyle. Antifungal peptides are natural substances produced by organisms to defend themselves against harmful fungi. As a result, they have become an important research object to help deal with harmful fungi and overcome their drug resistance. Moreover, they are expected to be developed into new therapeutic drugs against drug-resistant fungi in clinical application. This review focuses on antifungal peptides that have been isolated from bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms to date. Their antifungal activity and factors affecting it are outlined in terms of their antibacterial spectra and effects. The toxic effects of the antifungal peptides and their common solutions are mentioned. The mechanisms of action of the antifungal peptides are described according to their action pathways. The work provides a useful reference for further clinical research and the development of safe antifungal drugs that have high efficiencies and broad application spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxi Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Fangyuan Du
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China;
| | - Jichao Shi
- Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang 110032, China;
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zeliang Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Z.C.)
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Nakagawa Y, Yamaji F, Miyanishi W, Ojika M, Igarashi Y, Ito Y. Binding Evaluation of Pradimicins for Oligomannose Motifs from Fungal Mannans. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumiya Yamaji
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Miyanishi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Francesconi O, Nativi C, Gabrielli G, De Simone I, Noppen S, Balzarini J, Liekens S, Roelens S. Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Aminopyrrolic Carbohydrate Binding Agents: Targeting the Glycans of Viral gp120 to Inhibit HIV Entry. Chemistry 2015; 21:10089-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Aimanianda V, Latgé JP. Problems and hopes in the development of drugs targeting the fungal cell wall. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:359-64. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Pereira C, Silva R, Saraiva L, Johansson B, Sousa M, Côrte-Real M. Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1286-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Almeida B, Silva A, Mesquita A, Sampaio-Marques B, Rodrigues F, Ludovico P. Drug-induced apoptosis in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1436-48. [PMID: 18252203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to alter the impact of diseases on human society, drug development has been one of the most invested research fields. Nowadays, cancer and infectious diseases are leading targets for the design of effective drugs, in which the primary mechanism of action relies on the modulation of programmed cell death (PCD). Due to the high degree of conservation of basic cellular processes between yeast and higher eukaryotes, and to the existence of an ancestral PCD machinery in yeast, yeasts are an attractive tool for the study of affected pathways that give insights into the mode of action of both antitumour and antifungal drugs. Therefore, we covered some of the leading reports on drug-induced apoptosis in yeast, revealing that in common with mammalian cells, antitumour drugs induce apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and altered mitochondrial functions. The evidence presented suggests that yeasts may be a powerful model for the screening/development of PCD-directed drugs, overcoming the problem of cellular specificity in the design of antitumour drugs, but also enabling the design of efficient antifungal drugs, targeted to fungal-specific apoptotic regulators that do not have major consequences for human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Abdelfattah MS, Rohr J. Premithramycinone G, an early shunt product of the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway accumulated upon inactivation of oxygenase MtmOII. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:5685-9. [PMID: 16856198 PMCID: PMC4480643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertaux C, Daelemans D, Meertens L, Cormier EG, Reinus JF, Peumans WJ, Van Damme EJM, Igarashi Y, Oki T, Schols D, Dragic T, Balzarini J. Entry of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus is selectively inhibited by carbohydrate-binding agents but not by polyanions. Virology 2007; 366:40-50. [PMID: 17498767 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied the antiviral activity of carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs), including several plant lectins and the non-peptidic small-molecular-weight antibiotic pradimicin A (PRM-A). These agents efficiently prevented hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of target cells by inhibiting the viral entry. CBAs were also shown to prevent HIV and HCV capture by DC-SIGN-expressing cells. Surprisingly, infection by other enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex viruses, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus was not inhibited by these agents pointing to a high degree of specificity. Mannan reversed the antiviral activity of CBAs, confirming their association with viral envelope-associated glycans. In contrast, polyanions such as dextran sulfate-5000 and sulfated polyvinylalcohol inhibited HIV entry but were devoid of any activity against HCV infection, indicating that they act through a different mechanism. CBAs could be considered as prime drug leads for the treatment of chronic viral infections such as HCV by preventing viral entry into target cells. They may represent an attractive new option for therapy of HCV/HIV coinfections. CBAs may also have the potential to prevent HCV/HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bertaux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Balzarini J. Carbohydrate-binding agents: a potential future cornerstone for the chemotherapy of enveloped viruses? Antivir Chem Chemother 2007; 18:1-11. [PMID: 17354647 DOI: 10.1177/095632020701800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) inhibit HIV-1 and it is proposed that therapy with such agents may have important implications for the future of anti-HIV therapy. Examples of CBAs include the procaryotic cyanovirin-N (CV-N), plant lectins such as HHA, GNA, NPA, CA and UDA, the monoclonal antibody 2G12 directed against a glycan-containing epitope on HIV envelope gp120, and the mannose-specific non-peptidic antibiotic Pradimicin A, which inhibits the entry of HIV-1 into its target cells. CBAs prevent not only virus infection of susceptible cells, but also inhibit syncytia formation between persistently HIV-infected cells and uninfected lymphocytes. In addition, CBAs may also prevent DC-SIGN-mediated transmission of HIV to T-lymphocytes. Therefore, CBAs qualify as potential microbicide drugs. Long-term exposure of HIV to CBAs in cell culture results in the progressive deletion of N-glycans of HIV gpl20 in an attempt of the virus to escape drug pressure. In this respect, the CBAs are endowed with a high genetic barrier. Multiple mutations at N-glycosylation sites are required before pronounced phenotypic drug resistance development becomes evident. CBA treatment of HIV may consist of a novel chemotherapeutic concept with a dual mechanism of antiviral action: a direct antiviral activity by preventing HIV entry and transmission to its target cells, and an indirect antiviral activity by forcing HIV to delete glycans in its gpl20 envelope. The latter phenomenon will result in creating 'holes' in the protective glycan shield of the HIV envelope, whereby the immune system may become triggered to produce neutralizing antibodies against previously hidden immunogenic epitopes of gp120. If this concept can be proven in in vivo, low-molecular-weight non-peptidic CBAs such as Pradimycin A may become the cornerstone for the efficient treatment of infections of those viruses that require a glycosylated envelope (that is, HIV, but also hepatitis C virus) for entry into its target cells. In addition, influenza virus and coronavirus infections may also qualify to be treated by CBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Balzarini J, Van Laethem K, Daelemans D, Hatse S, Bugatti A, Rusnati M, Igarashi Y, Oki T, Schols D. Pradimicin A, a carbohydrate-binding nonpeptidic lead compound for treatment of infections with viruses with highly glycosylated envelopes, such as human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 2006; 81:362-73. [PMID: 17050611 PMCID: PMC1797273 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01404-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pradimicin A (PRM-A), an antifungal nonpeptidic benzonaphtacenequinone antibiotic, is a low-molecular-weight (molecular weight, 838) carbohydrate binding agent (CBA) endowed with a selective inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It invariably inhibits representative virus strains of a variety of HIV-1 clades with X4 and R5 tropisms at nontoxic concentrations. Time-of-addition studies revealed that PRM-A acts as a true virus entry inhibitor. PRM-A specifically interacts with HIV-1 gp120 and efficiently prevents virus transmission in cocultures of HUT-78/HIV-1 and Sup T1 cells. Upon prolonged exposure of HIV-1-infected CEM cell cultures, PRM-A drug pressure selects for mutant HIV-1 strains containing N-glycosylation site deletions in gp120 but not gp41. A relatively long exposure time to PRM-A is required before drug-resistant virus strains emerge. PRM-A has a high genetic barrier, since more than five N-glycosylation site deletions in gp120 are required to afford moderate drug resistance. Such mutated virus strains keep full sensitivity to the other known clinically used anti-HIV drugs. PRM-A represents the first prototype compound of a nonpeptidic CBA lead and, together with peptide-based lectins, belongs to a conceptually novel type of potential therapeutics for which drug pressure results in the selection of glycan deletions in the HIV gp120 envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abdelfattah MS, Rohr J. Premithramycinon G, ein frühes Shuntprodukt des Mithramycin-Biosyntheseweges, akkumuliert nach Inaktivierung der Oxygenase MtmOII. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Krantz M, Becit E, Hohmann S. Comparative analysis of HOG pathway proteins to generate hypotheses for functional analysis. Curr Genet 2006; 49:152-65. [PMID: 16468041 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-005-0039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comparative genomics allows comparison of different proteins that execute presumably identical functions in different organisms. In contrast to paralogues, orthologues per definition perform the same function and interact with the same partners and, consequently, should display conservation in all these properties. We have employed 20 fungal genomes to analyse key components of the high osmolarity glycerol signalling pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among the proteins scrutinised are a complete phosphotransfer module, a MAP kinase, two scaffold proteins, one of which is also a MAPKK, and two transcription factors. Sequence alignments, domain structure and size analysis, combined with the rich information available in the literature, allowed us to probe previous structural and functional studies and to generate hypotheses for future experimental studies. Although certain domains are too highly conserved across fungal species for meaningful comparative studies, others, like interaction domains, can be studied in closely related species. Moreover, putative functionally relevant sites for protein modifications can be identified in such comparative studies. We provide several relevant examples and present a number of previously un(der)characterised domains of potential functional significance in osmosensing and signal transduction. We propose that any functional protein analysis in fungi should make use of the unique resource that fungal genome sequences offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Krantz
- Department for Cell and Molecular Biology, Göteborg University, Box 462, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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