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Gupta A, Tiwari RK, Agnihotri R, Padalia K, Mishra S, Dwivedi S. A critical analysis of various post-harvest arsenic removal treatments of rice and their impact on public health due to nutrient loss. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1073. [PMID: 37615784 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is particularly susceptible to arsenic (As) accumulation. Currently, to decrease the level of As accumulated in rice, various post-harvest methods, i.e., polishing, parboiling, pH-dependent soaking, washing, and cooking at different rice-to-water ratios (r/w), are being focused, because it removes significant amount of As from rice grain. Depending upon the rice variety and type, i.e., rough (with husk), husked (without husk/brown), or polished rice, these methods can remove 39-54% As by parboiling, 38-55% by polishing, 37-63% by soaking, and 6-80% by washing and cooking. Infants are highly vulnerable to As exposure; thus, these methods can be helpful for the production of rice-based infant foods. Although concern arises during the use of these methods that apart from decreasing the level of As in rice grain, they also lead to a significant loss of nutrients, such as macro- and micro-elements present in rice. Among these discussed methods, parboiling curtails 5-59%, polishing curtails 6-96%, soaking curtails 33-83%, and washing and cooking in different r/w reduce 8-81% of essential nutrients resulting in 2-90% reduction in contribution to the RDI of these nutrients through rice-based diet. Thus, these post-harvest arsenic removal methods, although reduce arsenic induced health hazard, but may also lead to malnutrition and compromised health in the population based on rice diet. There is a need to explore another way to reduce As from rice without compromising the nutrient availability or to supplement these nutrients through grain enrichment or by introducing additional dietary sources by changing eating habits; however, this may impose an extra economic burden on people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Tiwari
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Ruchi Agnihotri
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Kalpana Padalia
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Mishra S, Dwivedi S, Gupta A, Tiwari RK. Evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of post harvest methods for arsenic removal from rice grain and reduction of arsenic induced cancer risk from rice-based diet. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162443. [PMID: 36858216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food-chain arsenic (As) contamination is a severe environmental and health problem worldwide, and its intake through rice affects billions of people. In this review, we have summarized the post harvest As removal methods from rice and their efficacy and feasibility. Rice grain subspecies (indica and japonica), size (short, medium and long), type (husked, parboiled or polished), soaking time, temperature and rice to water ratio (r/w) during washing and cooking are the major factors that affect the removal of total arsenic (tAs) from rice grain. The reduction in tAs was greater in japonica than indica rice and was directly proportional to As in husked rice. For the removal of As, a low water volume (1:2 r/w) was more effective during washing due to friction between rice grains, while high water (≥4 times water) during cooking was more effective. Up to 80 % As was removed by cooking in 1:10 (rice: water). Soaking rice in edible acids such as vinegar, acetic and ascorbic acid was not effective, except citric acid, which removes tAs up to 63 %. Human-health risk assessment showed that these post harvest and cooking methods reduce the non-carcinogenic and incremental lifetime cancer risk by up to 5-fold, as calculated on the basis of bioaccessible inorganic As. These post harvest methods also remove nutrient elements and vitamins. The recommended dietary intake (RDI) of Zn and Cu was particularly affected (up to 40 and 83 %). The levels of P, Mo, Mn and Co were still sufficient to meet the RDI through the rice-based diet, while rice is already poor in the RDI of Ca, K, Fe and Se, and their levels were further reduced by 0.22-44 %. In conclusion, these post harvest and cooking methods may significantly reduce As induced health risks; however, other dietary sources of nutrients need to be carefully evaluated and supplemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mishra
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India; Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India.
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | - Apoorv Gupta
- Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Tiwari
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Metabolic Changes and Their Associations with Selected Nutrients Intake in the Group of Workers Exposed to Arsenic. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010070. [PMID: 36676995 PMCID: PMC9866863 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure causes numerous adverse health effects, which can be reduced by the nutrients involved in the metabolism of iAs (inorganic As). This study was carried out on two groups of copper-smelting workers: WN, workers with a urinary total arsenic (tAs) concentration within the norm (n = 75), and WH, workers with a urinary tAs concentration above the norm (n = 41). This study aimed to analyze the association between the intake level of the nutrients involved in iAs metabolism and the signal intensity of the metabolites that were affected by iAs exposure. An untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out on urine samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the intake of the nutrients was analyzed based on 3-day dietary records. Compared with the WN group, five pathways (the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, glycans, vitamins, and nucleotides) with twenty-five putatively annotated metabolites were found to be increased in the WH group. In the WN group, the intake of nutrients (methionine; vitamins B2, B6, and B12; folate; and zinc) was negatively associated with six metabolites (cytosine, D-glucuronic acid, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, pyroglutamic acid, uridine, and urocanic acid), whereas in the WH group, it was associated with five metabolites (D-glucuronic acid, L-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and uridine). Furthermore, in the WH group, positive associations between methionine, folate, and zinc intake and the signal intensity of succinic acid and 3-mercaptolactic acid were observed. These results highlight the need to educate the participants about the intake level of the nutrients involved in iAs metabolism and may contribute to further considerations with respect to the formulation of dietary recommendations for people exposed to iAs.
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Wang B, Cheng H, Lin C, Zhang X, Duan X, Wang Q, Xu D. Arsenic exposure analysis for children living in central China: From ingestion exposure to biomarkers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132194. [PMID: 34509767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that chronic low-dose arsenic (As) exposure can pose adverse health effects to children. This study aimed to systematically study the exposure risk induced by As ingestion in children living in Hubei Province, central China. The feasibility of first morning spot urine instead of 24-h urine as an environmental exposure biomarker was also explored. A total of 120 children aged 2-17 years were recruited from an urban area for the collection of biomarker samples (first morning and 24-h urine samples), environmental exposure samples (duplicate diets, drinking water, and soil), and related child-specific exposure factors. The external exposure risk, internal exposure level, and source of exposure to As in children were analyzed. The results indicated that As concentration in duplicated diets, water, and soil were 29.2 μg kg-1, 1.3 μg L-1, and 9.3 mg kg-1, respectively; these were all below the corresponding maximum allowable levels in China (the threshold value of As in most food, drinking water and soil are 0.5 mg⸱kg-1, 0.01 mg L-1, and 20 mg⸱kg-1, respectively). Dietary intake was the predominant exposure route, accounting for 90% of the total daily dose. The combined oral non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks all exceeded the corresponding maximum acceptable risk level. Therefore, As bioavailability should be investigated and used in health risk assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that urinary As was positively associated with dietary As, with a one-unit increase in daily As intake from the diet associating with 4.82 and 5.21 μg g-1 increases in 24-h urine and first morning urine, respectively. Furthermore, significant correlations with 24-h urine and external exposure metrics suggested that creatine-adjusted As concentrations in first morning urine could be an appropriate substitute of 24-h urine as exposure biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, PR China
| | - Dongqun Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, PR China
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Sijko M, Kozłowska L. Influence of Dietary Compounds on Arsenic Metabolism and Toxicity. Part II-Human Studies. TOXICS 2021; 9:259. [PMID: 34678956 PMCID: PMC8541625 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to various forms of arsenic (As), the source of which may be environmental as well as occupational exposure, is associated with many adverse health effects. Therefore, methods to reduce the adverse effects of As on the human body are being sought. Research in this area focuses, among other topics, on the dietary compounds that are involved in the metabolism of this element. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the influence of methionine, betaine, choline, folic acid, vitamin B2, B6, B12 and zinc on the efficiency of inorganic As (iAs) metabolism and the reduction in the severity of the whole spectrum of disorders related to As exposure. In this review, which included 62 original papers (human studies) we present the current knowledge in the area. In human studies, these compounds (methionine, choline, folic acid, vitamin B2, B6, B12 and zinc) may increase iAs metabolism and reduce toxicity, whereas their deficiency may impair iAs metabolism and increase As toxicity. Taking into account the results of studies conducted in populations exposed to As, it is reasonable to carry out prophylactic activities. In particular nutritional education seems to be important and should be focused on informing people that an adequate intake of those dietary compounds potentially has a modulating effect on iAs metabolism, thus, reducing its adverse effects on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sijko
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kozłowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Jalili C, Kazemi M, Cheng H, Mohammadi H, Babaei A, Taheri E, Moradi S. Associations between exposure to heavy metals and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:165-182. [PMID: 33960873 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1891196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between heavy metals (HMs) exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Databases of Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched through June 2020 to identify studies assessing the relationships between exposure to HMs (i.e. cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) and the risk of CKD, evaluated by decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or increased proteinuria risks in adults (≥18 years). Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Twenty-eight eligible articles (n = 107,539 participants) were included. Unlike eGFR risk (p = 0.10), Cadmium exposure was associated with an increased proteinuria risk (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.61; p < 0.001; I2 = 79.7%). Lead exposure was associated with decreased eGFR (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.22; p = 0.008; I2 = 87.8%) and increased proteinuria (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.49; p = 0.02; I2 = 79.6) risks. Further, arsenic exposure was linked to a decreased eGFR risk (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.28; p = 0.03; I2 = 89.1%) in contrast to mercury exposure (p = 0.89). Only two studies reported the link between arsenic exposure and proteinuria risk, while no study reported the link between mercury exposure and proteinuria risk. Exposure to cadmium, lead, and arsenic may increase CKD risk in adults, albeit studies were heterogeneous, warranting further investigations. Our observations support the consideration of these associations for preventative, diagnostic, monitoring, and management practices of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Babaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Taheri
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
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Gao S, Lin PI, Mostofa G, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Rahman ML, Su L, Hsueh YM, Weisskopf M, Coull B, Christiani DC. Determinants of arsenic methylation efficiency and urinary arsenic level in pregnant women in Bangladesh. Environ Health 2019; 18:94. [PMID: 31690343 PMCID: PMC6833186 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure is associated with pregnancy outcomes. Maternal capabilities of arsenic biotransformation and elimination may influence the susceptibility of arsenic toxicity. Therefore, we examined the determinants of arsenic metabolism of pregnant women in Bangladesh who are exposed to high levels of arsenic. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort, we followed 1613 pregnant women in Bangladesh and collected urine samples at two prenatal visits: one at 4-16 weeks, and the second at 21-37 weeks of pregnancy. We measured major arsenic species in urine, including iAs (iAs%) and methylated forms. The proportions of each species over the sum of all arsenic species were used as biomarkers of arsenic methylation efficiency. We examined the difference in arsenic methylation using a paired t-test between first and second visits. Using linear regression, we examined determinants of arsenic metabolism, including age, BMI at enrollment, education, financial provider income, arsenic exposure level, and dietary folate and protein intake, adjusted for daily energy intake. RESULTS Comparing visit 2 to visit 1, iAs% decreased 1.1% (p < 0.01), and creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic level (U-As) increased 21% (95% CI: 15, 26%; p < 0.01). Drinking water arsenic concentration was positively associated with iAs% at both visits. When restricted to participants with higher adjusted urinary arsenic levels (adjusted U-As > 50 μg/g-creatinine) gestational age at measurement was strongly associated with DMA% (β = 0.38, p < 0.01) only at visit 1. Additionally, DMA% was negatively associated with daily protein intake (β = - 0.02, p < 0.01) at visit 1, adjusting for total energy intake and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that arsenic metabolism and adjusted U-As level increase during pregnancy. We have identified determinants of arsenic methylation efficiency at visit 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Pi-I Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Golam Mostofa
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190 Wireless Railgate, 1 Baro Moghbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Quazi Quamruzzaman
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190 Wireless Railgate, 1 Baro Moghbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, 190 Wireless Railgate, 1 Baro Moghbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Lutfar Rahman
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Yu-mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Marc Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - David Chistopher Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Clemente MJ, Cimbalo A, Chiocchetti G, Devesa V, Vélez D. Dietary Compounds To Reduce In Vivo Inorganic Arsenic Bioavailability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9032-9038. [PMID: 31334646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 200 million people are exposed to arsenic levels above the World Health Organization provisional guideline value, and various agencies have indicated the need to reduce this exposure. In view of the difficulty of removing arsenic from water and food, one alternative is to reduce its bioavailability (the amount that reaches the systemic circulation after ingestion). In this study, dietary components [glutathione, tannic acid, and Fe(III)] were used to achieve this goal. As(III) or As(V) (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered daily to BALB/c mice, along with the dietary components, for 15 days. The results confirm the efficacy of Fe(III) and glutathione as reducers of arsenic bioavailability and tissue accumulation. Also, these treatments did not result in reductions of Ca, K, P, and Fe contents in the liver. These data suggest that use of these two compounds could be part of valid strategies for reducing inorganic arsenic exposure in chronically exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Clemente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Calle Agustín Escardino 7 , Paterna 46980 , Valencia , Spain
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Calle Agustín Escardino 7 , Paterna 46980 , Valencia , Spain
| | - Gabriela Chiocchetti
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Calle Agustín Escardino 7 , Paterna 46980 , Valencia , Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Calle Agustín Escardino 7 , Paterna 46980 , Valencia , Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC) , Calle Agustín Escardino 7 , Paterna 46980 , Valencia , Spain
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Biswas A, Swain S, Chowdhury NR, Joardar M, Das A, Mukherjee M, Roychowdhury T. Arsenic contamination in Kolkata metropolitan city: perspective of transportation of agricultural products from arsenic-endemic areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22929-22944. [PMID: 31177413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure route for humans is through the drinking of contaminated water and intake of arsenic-contaminated foods, particularly in arsenic-exposed areas of Bengal delta. Transport of the arsenic-contaminated crops and vegetables grown using arsenic-contaminated groundwater and soil in arsenic-exposed areas to the uncontaminated sites and consequent dietary intakes leads to great threats for the population residing in non-endemic areas with respect to consumption of arsenic through drinking water. We have studied the food materials collected from 30 families and their dietary habits, apparently who consume arsenic-free drinking water as well as 9 well-known markets of Kolkata city. The total and inorganic arsenic intake has been estimated from the collected foodstuffs from the market basket survey (n = 93) and household survey (n = 139), respectively for human risk analysis. About 100% of the collected samples contained detectable amount of arsenic (range 24-324 μg/kg), since the origin of the food materials was somewhere from arsenic-endemic areas. The daily consumption of inorganic arsenic (iAs) from rice grain and vegetables for adult and children is 76 μg and 41.4 μg, respectively. Inorganic arsenic (mainly arsenite and arsenate) contributes approximately 88% of the total content of arsenic in vegetable. In most of the cases, insufficient nutrient intake by the studied population may lead to arsenic toxicity in the long run. An independent cancer risk assessment study on the same population indicates that the main risk of cancer might appear through the intake of arsenic-contaminated rice grain and cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Biswas
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Shresthashree Swain
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | | | - Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Meenakshi Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Tarit Roychowdhury
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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Das S, Langthasa P, Barhoi D, Upadhaya P, Giri S. Effect of nutritional status on arsenic and smokeless tobacco induced genotoxicity, sperm abnormality and oxidative stress in mice in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:386-400. [PMID: 29569270 DOI: 10.1002/em.22188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, high concentrations of arsenic have been documented in ground waters of Southern Assam, India. Indiscriminate smokeless tobacco consumption is a common practice in this region. Correlation between nutritional status and arsenic and smokeless tobacco-induced health effects has not been taken up in humans or other test systems. METHODS Mice were divided into groups based on protein (casein) content in the diet: High protein (40%), optimum protein (20%), and low protein (5%). Simultaneous chronic exposure (90 days) to arsenic and smokeless tobacco (sadagura) orally was given to evaluate the extent of the cytological and genotoxicological damage. Micronucleus assay and Comet assay of the femur bone marrow cells were conducted. Germ cell toxicity was evaluated by recording the sperm head abnormalities and total sperm count. Cell cycle analysis was performed in femur bone marrow cells using flow cytometer. Hepatic, renal, and intestinal tissues were analyzed for various oxidative stress evaluations. Histological examination of liver and kidney was performed. RESULTS Notably, high protein diet groups had lower arsenic and sadagura induced genotoxicity, germ cell abnormalities and oxidative stress as compared to optimum protein and low protein diet counterparts. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that sufficient levels of dietary protein appear to reduce the long-term arsenic and smokeless tobacco-induced toxicity in mice test system, as compared to lower or deficient amount of protein in the diet. This observation has implications and invites further studies especially epidemiological studies in the human population exposed to arsenic in South East Asian countries. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:386-400, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Pimily Langthasa
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Dharmeswar Barhoi
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Puja Upadhaya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
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Minatel BC, Sage AP, Anderson C, Hubaux R, Marshall EA, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Environmental arsenic exposure: From genetic susceptibility to pathogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 112:183-197. [PMID: 29275244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 200 million people in 70 countries are exposed to arsenic through drinking water. Chronic exposure to this metalloid has been associated with the onset of many diseases, including cancer. Epidemiological evidence supports its carcinogenic potential, however, detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Despite the global magnitude of this problem, not all individuals face the same risk. Susceptibility to the toxic effects of arsenic is influenced by alterations in genes involved in arsenic metabolism, as well as biological factors, such as age, gender and nutrition. Moreover, chronic arsenic exposure results in several genotoxic and epigenetic alterations tightly associated with the arsenic biotransformation process, resulting in an increased cancer risk. In this review, we: 1) review the roles of inter-individual DNA-level variations influencing the susceptibility to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis; 2) discuss the contribution of arsenic biotransformation to cancer initiation; 3) provide insights into emerging research areas and the challenges in the field; and 4) compile a resource of publicly available arsenic-related DNA-level variations, transcriptome and methylation data. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of arsenic exposure and its subsequent health effects will support efforts to reduce the worldwide health burden and encourage the development of strategies for managing arsenic-related diseases in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda C Minatel
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam P Sage
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Anderson
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roland Hubaux
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Sharma A, Flora SJS. Nutritional management can assist a significant role in alleviation of arsenicosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:11-20. [PMID: 29173466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of arsenic contaminated water causes serious skin disease and cancer in a significant number of exposed people. Chelating agents, consider an expensive therapy, are employed in the treatment of arsenic intoxication. There are reports which suggest that the poorest suffer the most from arsenicosis. This may be due to improper diet intake, consist of low protein and micronutrients which increase the vulnerability to arsenic-related disorders. Several human studies demonstrated the associations between malnourishment and the development of arsenic-caused skin lesions, skin cancer and cardiovascular effects. Thus, there is an urgent need of implementation of mitigation strategies for improving the health of exposed populations. Nutrition enhances the detoxification process so food rich in vitamins, protein, antioxidants help in its detoxification process. Methylation is the detoxification process which takes place via S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). It is a methyl group donor and it derived its methyl group from diet. Nutritional intervention thus may appear as a practical and inexpensive approach. Nutrition provides protection from toxic effect of arsenic by two ways (i) methylation of As (ii) antioxidants which provides protection against free radical species. The governments and NGOs may run awareness programmes in arsenic affected area regarding prevention and alternate therapy which can decrease the susceptibility of the exposed population. They could also help in distributing cheaper, high protein diets particularly to the masses who cannot afford such foods. Thus, to prevent arsenicosis alternate therapy and proper nutrition could be the important strategy for alleviating its toxic effects. This mini review provides an insight on the importance of nutrition in preventing adverse effect cause by arsenic to suffer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - S J S Flora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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Kurzius-Spencer M, da Silva V, Thomson CA, Hartz V, Hsu CH, Burgess JL, O'Rourke MK, Harris RB. Nutrients in one-carbon metabolism and urinary arsenic methylation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:381-390. [PMID: 28697391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic (inAs), a potent toxicant, occurs primarily through ingestion of food and water. The efficiency with which it is methylated to mono and dimethyl arsenicals (MMA and DMA) affects toxicity. Folate, vitamins B12 and B6 are required for 1C metabolism, and studies have found that higher levels of these nutrients increase methylation capacity and are associated with protection against adverse health effects from inAs, especially in undernourished populations. Our aim was to determine whether 1C-related nutrients are associated with greater inAs methylation capacity in a general population sample with overall adequate nutrition and low levels of As exposure. Univariate and multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the relationship of dietary and blood nutrients to urinary As methylation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. Outcome variables were the percent of the sum of inAs and methylated As species (inAs+MMA+DMA) excreted as inAs, MMA, and DMA, and the ratio of MMA:DMA. In univariate models, dietary folate, vitamin B6 and protein intake were associated with lower urinary inAs% and greater DMA% in adults (≥18years), with similar trends in children (6-18). In adjusted models, vitamin B6 intake (p=0.011) and RBC folate (p=0.036) were associated with lower inAs%, while dietary vitamin B12 was associated with higher inAs% (p=0.002) and lower DMA% (p=0.030). Total plasma homocysteine was associated with higher MMA% (p=0.004) and lower DMA% (p=0.003), but not with inAs%; other blood nutrients showed no association with urinary As. Although effect size is small, these findings suggest that 1C nutrients can influence inAs methylation and potentially play an indirect role in reducing toxicity in a general population sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kurzius-Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Vanessa da Silva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Vern Hartz
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary Kay O'Rourke
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robin B Harris
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Nunes LM, Otero X. Quantification of health risks in Ecuadorian population due to dietary ingestion of arsenic in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27457-27468. [PMID: 28980169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Ecuador alone, 500,000 people in rural areas are estimated to have been exposed to high concentrations of As from water and food, but no quantitative evaluation of health risk has yet been made. The present study quantifies exposure and health risk for the Ecuadorian population from the ingestion of arsenic in white rice. Estimated exposure is correlated with published data on tap water quality and biomarkers of exposure for the population of two towns in the metropolitan area of Quito. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of arsenic for infants living in urban areas of Ecuador is around four times that of European infants, being equal for those livings in rural areas. EDI for the population as a whole is almost twice that of Europe, but between a half and a third of that of Brazil, Bangladesh, and India. Estimated excess lifetime risk (ELTR) for adults is 3 per 10,000, while for infants varies between 10 per 10,000 in rural areas and 20 per 10,000 in urban areas. Future research on arsenic impacts on human health in Ecuador should consider in particular poor populations living in regions where environmental arsenic concentrations are highest, including cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Nunes
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Xosé Otero
- Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
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Namdar ND, Arikan I, Kahraman C, Kocaturk E, Dagci M, Ece E. Evaluation of the quality of life in patients with arsenic keratosis. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:167-171. [PMID: 28840749 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1364261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic is an important public health problem and leads to hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, Bowen's disease and non-melanoma skin cancers in humans. Arsenic keratosis is the most common skin change that is associated with arsenic exposure. It may be an indicator of arsenic induced health hazards. OBJECTIVE To determine the needs of patients with arsenic keratosis by evaluating the impact of disease on the quality of life with respect to treatment and provide rehabilitation services. METHODS A total of 47 subjects with arsenic hyperkeratosis, were enrolled in this crossover study. The demographics, smoking status and the presence of chronic diseases diagnosed by the physician were recorded. Weight and height of the subjects were measured and BMI was calculated. The patients were asked to respond the visual analogue scale and EuroQoL-5D scales for assessing the pain and quality of life impairment associated with arsenic hyperkeratosis. RESULTS In the study group, moderate to severe problems were reported in 78.7% of patients for pain/uncomfortable condition domains and in 91.5% in anxiety/depression domains. Lower quality of life was reported in those with associated chronic disorders, at an advanced age, in thin patients and in those with severe lesions. CONCLUSION According to our knowledge, our study is the first one measuring the quality of life in patients with arsenic keratosis in the literature. By this study, we tried to underline the guidance of health services to be developed towards the needs of patients and the need for the development of new health policies by determining the requirements of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Dizen Namdar
- a Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Inci Arikan
- b Department of Public Health, School of Medicine , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Kahraman
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Medivia Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Emek Kocaturk
- d Department of Dermatology , Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Merve Dagci
- e Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
| | - Ezgi Ece
- f Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science , Dumlupinar University , Kutahya , Turkey
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Crinnion W. Arsenic: The Underrecognized Common Disease-inducing Toxin. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2017; 16:8-13. [PMID: 30881231 PMCID: PMC6413640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is far more of a clinical problem than commonly recognized. At least 10% of the public water supplies contain levels of arsenic known to increase risk of many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, many cancers, peripheral neuropathy, and diabetes. Some parts of the country have very high arsenic levels, but because fewer than half of all private and public water supplies have been tested for this common toxin, those drinking or consuming food grown with such water will likely not be aware of their exposure. Several key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and methylation deficits can significantly increase a patient's susceptibility to arsenic toxicity. Reduction of arsenic toxicity starts, of course, with avoidance. This means evaluation of water contamination, avoidance of rice and chicken unless tested, cleaning up any old pressure treated wood in the environment, and other precautions. Excretion, neutralization, and protection from damage are facilitated through optimizing methylation processes and the use of natural health products such as turmeric and green tea, and liberally consuming cabbage family foods.
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Hallauer J, Geng X, Yang HC, Shen J, Tsai KJ, Liu Z. The Effect of Chronic Arsenic Exposure in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2016; 13:405-12. [PMID: 27140519 PMCID: PMC5035366 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a prevalent environmental toxin and a Group one human carcinogenic agent. Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with many human diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate zebrafish as an animal model to assess arsenic toxicity in elevated long-term arsenic exposure. With prolonged exposure (6 months) to various concentrations of arsenic from 50 ppb to 300 ppb, effects of arsenic accumulation in zebrafish tissues, and phenotypes were investigated. Results showed that there are no significant changes of arsenic retention in zebrafish tissues, and zebrafish did not exhibit any visible tumor formation under arsenic exposure conditions. However, the zebrafish demonstrate a dysfunction in their neurological system, which is reflected by a reduction of locomotive activity. Moreover, elevated levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD2) protein were detected in the eye and liver, suggesting increased oxidative stress. In addition, the progenies of arsenic-treated parents displayed a smaller biomass (four-fold reduction in body weight) compared with those from their parental controls. This result indicates that arsenic may induce genetic or epigenetic changes that are then passed on to the next generation. Overall, this study demonstrates that zebrafish is a convenient vertebrate model with advantages in the evaluation of arsenic-associated neurological disorders as well as its influences on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell Hallauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Xiangrong Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kan-Jen Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zijuan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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Kurzius-Spencer M, Harris RB, Hartz V, Roberge J, Hsu CH, O’Rourke MK, Burgess JL. Relation of dietary inorganic arsenic to serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at different threshold concentrations of tap water arsenic. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:445-51. [PMID: 25605447 PMCID: PMC4698357 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure is associated with cancer, lung and cardiovascular disease, yet the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels are also associated with these diseases, as well as with exposure to water As. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary components of inorganic As (iAs) intake on serum MMP-9 concentration at differing levels of tap water As. In a cross-sectional study of 214 adults, dietary iAs intake was estimated from 24-h dietary recall interviews using published iAs residue data; drinking and cooking water As intake from water samples and consumption data. Aggregate iAs intake (food plus water) was associated with elevated serum MMP-9 in mixed model regression, with and without adjustment for covariates. In models stratified by tap water As, aggregate intake was a significant positive predictor of serum MMP-9 in subjects exposed to water As≤10 μg/l. Inorganic As from food alone was associated with serum MMP-9 in subjects exposed to tap water As≤3 μg/l. Exposure to iAs from food and water combined, in areas where tap water As concentration is ≤10 μg/l, may contribute to As-induced changes in a biomarker associated with toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kurzius-Spencer
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Robin B. Harris
- University of Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Vern Hartz
- University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason Roberge
- Carolinas Healthcare System, Dickson Advanced Analytics Group, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- University of Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mary Kay O’Rourke
- University of Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jefferey L. Burgess
- University of Arizona, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA, Baker ER, Korrick SA, Karagas MR. Relation between in Utero Arsenic Exposure and Birth Outcomes in a Cohort of Mothers and Their Newborns from New Hampshire. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1299-307. [PMID: 26955061 PMCID: PMC4977046 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that arsenic exposure influences birth outcomes; however, findings are mixed. OBJECTIVE We assessed in utero arsenic exposure in relation to birth outcomes and whether maternal prepregnancy weight and infant sex modified the associations. METHODS Among 706 mother-infant pairs exposed to low levels of arsenic through drinking water and diet, we assessed in utero arsenic exposure using maternal second-trimester urinary arsenic, maternal prepregnancy weight through self-report, and birth outcomes from medical records. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) of total urinary arsenic [tAs; inorganic arsenic (iAs) + monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) + dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] was 3.4 μg/L (1.7-6.0). In adjusted linear models, each doubling of tAs was associated with a 0.10-cm decrease (95% CI: -0.19, -0.01) in head circumference. Results were similar for MMA and DMA. Ln(tAs) and ln(DMA) were positively associated with birth length in infant males only; among males, each doubling of tAs was associated with a 0.28-cm increase (95% CI: 0.09, 0.46) in birth length (pinteraction = 0.04). Results were similar for DMA. Additionally, arsenic exposure was inversely related to ponderal index, and associations differed by maternal weight. Each ln(tAs) doubling of tAs was associated with a 0.55-kg/m3 lower (95% CI: -0.82, -0.28, p < 0.001) ponderal index for infants of overweight/obese, but not normal-weight, mothers (pinteraction < 0.01). Finally, there was a significant interaction between maternal weight status, infant sex, and arsenic exposure on birth weight (pinteraction = 0.03). In girls born of overweight/obese mothers, each doubling of tAs was associated with a 62.9-g decrease (95% CI: -111.6, -14.2) in birth weight, though the association was null in the other strata. CONCLUSIONS Low-level arsenic exposure may affect fetal growth, and the associations may be modified by maternal weight status and infant sex. CITATION Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA, Baker ER, Korrick SA, Karagas MR. 2016. Relation between in utero arsenic exposure and birth outcomes in a cohort of mothers and their newborns from New Hampshire. Environ Health Perspect 124:1299-1307; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Middleton DRS, Watts MJ, Hamilton EM, Fletcher T, Leonardi GS, Close RM, Exley KS, Crabbe H, Polya DA. Prolonged exposure to arsenic in UK private water supplies: toenail, hair and drinking water concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:562-74. [PMID: 27120003 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) in drinking water is an established cause of cancer and other adverse health effects. Arsenic concentrations >10 μg L(-1) were previously measured in 5% of private water supplies (PWS) in Cornwall, UK. The present study investigated prolongued exposure to As by measuring biomarkers in hair and toenail samples from 212 volunteers and repeated measurements of As in drinking water from 127 households served by PWS. Strong positive Pearson correlations (rp = 0.95) indicated stability of water As concentrations over the time period investigated (up to 31 months). Drinking water As concentrations were positively correlated with toenail (rp = 0.53) and hair (rp = 0.38) As concentrations - indicative of prolonged exposure. Analysis of washing procedure solutions provided strong evidence of the effective removal of exogenous As from toenail samples. Significantly higher As concentrations were measured in hair samples from males and smokers and As concentrations in toenails were negatively associated with age. A positive association between seafood consumption and toenail As and a negative association between home-grown vegetable consumption and hair As was observed for volunteers exposed to <1 As μg L(-1) in drinking water. These findings have important implications regarding the interpretation of toenail and hair biomarkers. Substantial variation in biomarker As concentrations remained unaccounted for, with soil and dust exposure as possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R S Middleton
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences & William Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Theme 8 Epidemiology. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2015; 16 Suppl 1:146-59. [DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2015.1098813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Low-level arsenic exposure and developmental neurotoxicity in children: A systematic review and risk assessment. Toxicology 2015; 337:91-107. [PMID: 26388044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Risk assessments of arsenic have focused on skin, bladder, and lung cancers and skin lesions as the sensitive cancer and non-cancer health endpoints, respectively; however, an increasing number of epidemiologic studies that can inform risk assessment have examined neurodevelopmental effects in children. We conducted a systematic review and risk assessment based on the epidemiologic literature on possible neurodevelopmental effects at lower arsenic exposures. Twenty-four cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies were identified that report on the association between low-level arsenic exposure (i.e., largely <100 μg/L of arsenic in drinking water) and neurological outcomes in children. Although the overall evidence does not consistently show a causal dose-response relationship at low doses, the most rigorously conducted studies from Bangladesh indicate possible inverse associations with cognitive function, predominantly involving concurrent arsenic exposure as measured by biomarkers (i.e., arsenic in urine or blood) and raw verbal test scores at ages 5-11 years. Issues such as non-comparability of outcome measures across studies; inaccuracies of biomarkers and other measures of inorganic arsenic exposure; potential effect modification by cultural practices; insufficient adjustment for nutritional deficiencies, maternal IQ, and other important confounders; and presence of other neurotoxicants in foreign populations limit generalizability to U.S. POPULATIONS Of the few U.S. studies available, the most rigorously conducted study did not find a consistent dose-response relationship between arsenic concentrations in tap water or toenails and decrements in IQ scores. Assuming that the strongest dose-response relationship from the most rigorous evidence from Bangladesh is generalizable to U.S. populations, possible reference doses were estimated in the range of 0.0004-0.001 mg/kg-day. These doses are higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose for chronic lifetime exposure, thus indicating protectiveness of the existing value for potential neurotoxicity in children. This reference dose is undergoing revision as EPA considers various health endpoints in the reassessment of inorganic arsenic health risks.
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Abstract
Prior research has shown that arsenic exposure induces changes that coincide with most of the developmental, biochemical, pathologic, and clinical features of Alzheimer disease (AD) and associated disorders. On the basis of this literature, we propose the Arsenic Exposure Hypothesis for AD that is inclusive of and cooperative with the existing hypotheses. Arsenic toxicity induces hyperphosphorylation of protein tau and overtranscription of the amyloid precursor protein, which are involved in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and brain amyloid plaques, consistent with the amyloid hypothesis of AD. Arsenic exposure has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, which is in agreement with the vascular hypothesis of AD. Arsenic exposure invokes brain inflammatory responses, which resonates with the inflammatory hypotheses of AD. Arsenic exposure has been linked to reduced memory and intellectual abilities in children and adolescents, which provides a biologic basis for the developmental origin of health and disease hypothesis for AD. Arsenic and its metabolites generate free radicals causing oxidative stress and neuronal death, which fits the existing oxidative stress hypothesis. Taken together, the arsenic exposure hypothesis for AD provides a parsimonious testable hypothesis for the development and progression of this devastating disease at least for some subsets of individuals.
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Inoue Y, Umezaki M, Jiang H, Li D, Du J, Jin Y, Yang B, Li B, Li Y, Watanabe C. Urinary concentrations of toxic and essential trace elements among rural residents in Hainan Island, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:13047-64. [PMID: 25514155 PMCID: PMC4276661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111213047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic element exposure and essential trace element consumption may have changed after the Chinese economy transformed to a market-oriented system. The objectives of this study were to measure urinary concentrations of toxic (arsenic, cadmium, lead) and essential trace (selenium, zinc, copper) elements among rural residents in Hainan, China and to examine if variations in economic development are linked to differences in toxic and trace element exposure. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and undertook anthropometric measurements of residents aged ≥20 years (n = 599). Urinary samples were collected and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The median (μg/g creatinine) element concentrations were: arsenic, 73.2; cadmium, 1.8; lead, 3.1; selenium, 36.5; zinc, 371; and copper, 11.0. Intra-community variation in element concentrations was explained by age (arsenic, cadmium, zinc and copper), sex (arsenic, cadmium and selenium: higher in females; zinc: higher in males), body mass index (cadmium) and individual involvement in the market economy as indexed by agrochemical use (lead and selenium). The degree of community-level economic development, which was determined by the proportion of people living in better housing among the study communities, was positively associated with cadmium concentration. CONCLUSIONS The degree of community-level economic development was positively associated with urinary cadmium concentration while individual involvement in the market economy was positively associated with lead and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
| | - Dandan Li
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 44 Haifu Road, Haikou, Hainan 57023, China.
| | - Jianwei Du
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 44 Haifu Road, Haikou, Hainan 57023, China.
| | - Yuming Jin
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 44 Haifu Road, Haikou, Hainan 57023, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 44 Haifu Road, Haikou, Hainan 57023, China.
| | - Bai Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yufeng Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chiho Watanabe
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Huang L, Wu H, van der Kuijp TJ. The health effects of exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water: a review by global geographical distribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:432-452. [PMID: 25365079 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.958139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water has been a vigorously studied and debated subject. However, the existing literature does not allow for a thorough examination of the potential regional discrepancies that may arise among arsenic-related health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the literature on arsenic exposure and commonly discussed health effects according to global geographical distribution. This geographically segmented approach helps uncover the discrepancies in the health effects of arsenic. For instance, women are more susceptible than men to a few types of cancer in Taiwan, but not in other countries. Although skin cancer and arsenic exposure correlations have been discovered in Chile, Argentina, the United States, and Taiwan, no evident association was found in mainland China. We then propose several globally applicable recommendations to prevent and treat the further spread of arsenic poisoning and suggestions of future study designs and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
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Saint-Jacques N, Parker L, Brown P, Dummer TJB. Arsenic in drinking water and urinary tract cancers: a systematic review of 30 years of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health 2014; 13:44. [PMID: 24889821 PMCID: PMC4088919 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water is a public health issue affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This review summarizes 30 years of epidemiological studies on arsenic exposure in drinking water and the risk of bladder or kidney cancer, quantifying these risks using a meta-analytical framework. METHODS Forty studies met the selection criteria. Seventeen provided point estimates of arsenic concentrations in drinking water and were used in a meta-analysis of bladder cancer incidence (7 studies) and mortality (10 studies) and kidney cancer mortality (2 studies). Risk estimates for incidence and mortality were analyzed separately using Generalized Linear Models. Predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were estimated at 10, 50 and 150 μg/L arsenic in drinking water. Bootstrap randomizations were used to assess robustness of effect size. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies observed an association between arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer. Ten studies showed an association with kidney cancer, although of lower magnitude than that for bladder cancer. The meta-analyses showed the predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were 2.7 [1.2-4.1]; 4.2 [2.1-6.3] and; 5.8 [2.9-8.7] for drinking water arsenic levels of 10, 50, and 150 μg/L, respectively. Bootstrapped randomizations confirmed this increased risk, but, lowering the effect size to 1.4 [0.35-4.0], 2.3 [0.59-6.4], and 3.1 [0.80-8.9]. The latter suggests that with exposures to 50 μg/L, there was an 83% probability for elevated incidence of bladder cancer; and a 74% probability for elevated mortality. For both bladder and kidney cancers, mortality rates at 150 ug/L were about 30% greater than those at 10 μg/L. CONCLUSION Arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased risk of bladder and kidney cancers, although at lower levels (<150 μg/L), there is uncertainty due to the increased likelihood of exposure misclassification at the lower end of the exposure curve. Meta-analyses suggest exposure to 10 μg/L of arsenic in drinking water may double the risk of bladder cancer, or at the very least, increase it by about 40%. With the large number of people exposed to these arsenic concentrations worldwide the public health consequences of arsenic in drinking water are substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Cancer Care Nova Scotia, Surveillance and Epidemiology Unit, Room 560 Bethune Building, 1276 South Street, Halifax B3H 2Y9, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Interdisciplinary PhD program, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Room 314, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Population Studies and Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto M5G 2 L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor JB Dummer
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Yu ZM, Fung B, Murimboh JD, Parker L, Dummer TJB. What is the role of obesity in the aetiology of arsenic-related disease? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:115-23. [PMID: 24571799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of arsenic contaminated drinking water causes a large variety of adverse health outcomes. Body mass index (BMI), which is linked to diet, is positively associated with arsenic methylation capacity. We investigated the association between an obesity-related diet and arsenic body burden from exposure to naturally contaminated drinking water among Nova Scotia residents. We collected home drinking water and toenail clipping samples among 960 men and women aged 35 to 69 years in Nova Scotia, Canada from 2009 through 2010. We measured body composition and arsenic concentrations in drinking water and toenails clipping samples and collected socio-demographic, behavioural, and dietary information via standardized questionnaires. We derived an obesity-related dietary pattern score using reduced rank regression. Across quartiles of the obesity-related dietary pattern score there were no significant differences in drinking water arsenic concentrations, but there was an inverse trend in arsenic concentrations in toenails across the dietary pattern score (P=0.01). Compared with individuals in the first quartile of the dietary pattern score, those in the second through fourth quartiles had decreased likelihoods of high toenail arsenic (≥ 85 percentile). The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.49, 1.36), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.33, 0.99), and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.31, 0.98), respectively (P for trend=0.02). We conclude that given similar levels of naturally occurring arsenic exposure via drinking water, an obesity-related dietary pattern was associated with significantly lower arsenic concentrations in toenails. Further studies to investigate the underlining mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie M Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bryan Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - John D Murimboh
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Tyler CR, Allan AM. The Effects of Arsenic Exposure on Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction in Human and Rodent Studies: A Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014; 1:132-147. [PMID: 24860722 PMCID: PMC4026128 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a worldwide health concern as several millions of people are exposed to this toxicant via drinking water, and exposure affects almost every organ system in the body including the brain. Recent studies have shown that even low concentrations of arsenic impair neurological function, particularly in children. This review will focus on the current epidemiological evidence of arsenic neurotoxicity in children and adults, with emphasis on cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits and mood disorders. We provide a cohesive synthesis of the animal studies that have focused on neural mechanisms of dysfunction after arsenic exposure including altered epigenetics; hippocampal function; glucocorticoid and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) pathway signaling; glutamatergic, cholinergic and monoaminergic signaling; adult neurogenesis; and increased Alzheimer’s-associated pathologies. Finally, we briefly discuss new studies focusing on therapeutic strategies to combat arsenic toxicity including the use of selenium and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Tyler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM USA
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Urinary and dietary analysis of 18,470 bangladeshis reveal a correlation of rice consumption with arsenic exposure and toxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80691. [PMID: 24260455 PMCID: PMC3829854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We utilized data from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Araihazar, Bangladesh, to evaluate the association of steamed rice consumption with urinary total arsenic concentration and arsenical skin lesions in the overall study cohort (N=18,470) and in a subset with available urinary arsenic metabolite data (N=4,517). Methods General linear models with standardized beta coefficients were used to estimate associations between steamed rice consumption and urinary total arsenic concentration and urinary arsenic metabolites. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between rice intake and prevalent skin lesions at baseline. Discrete time hazard models were used to estimate discrete time (HRs) ratios and their 95% CIs for the associations between rice intake and incident skin lesions. Results Steamed rice consumption was positively associated with creatinine-adjusted urinary total arsenic (β=0.041, 95% CI: 0.032-0.051) and urinary total arsenic with statistical adjustment for creatinine in the model (β=0.043, 95% CI: 0.032-0.053). Additionally, we observed a significant trend in skin lesion prevalence (P-trend=0.007) and a moderate trend in skin lesion incidence (P-trend=0.07) associated with increased intake of steamed rice. Conclusions This study suggests that rice intake may be a source of arsenic exposure beyond drinking water.
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Bhattacharjee P, Banerjee M, Giri AK. Role of genomic instability in arsenic-induced carcinogenicity. A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 53:29-40. [PMID: 23314041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic arsenic toxicity is associated with cancer. Although unstable genome is a characteristic feature of cancer cells, the mechanisms leading to genomic instability in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are poorly understood. While there are excellent reviews relating to genomic instability in general, there is no comprehensive review presenting the mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced genomic instability. This review was undertaken to present the current state of research in this area and to highlight the major mechanisms that may involved in arsenic-induced genomic instability leading to cancer. Genomic instability is broadly classified into chromosomal instability (CIN), primarily associated with mitotic errors; and microsatellite instability (MIN), associated with DNA level instability. Arsenic-induced genomic instability is essentially multi-factorial in nature and involves molecular cross-talk across several cellular pathways, and is modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. Arsenic and its metabolites generate oxidative stress, which in turn induces genomic instability through DNA damage, irreversible DNA repair, telomere dysfunction, mitotic arrest and apoptosis. In addition to genetic alteration; epigenetic regulation through promoter methylation and miRNA expression alters gene expression profiling leading to genome more vulnerable and unstable towards cancer risk. Moreover, mutations or silencing of pro-apoptotic genes can lead to genomic instability by allowing survival of damaged cells that would otherwise die. Although a large body of information is now generated regarding arsenic-induced carcinogenesis; further studies exploring genome-wide association, role of environment and diet are needed for a better understanding of the arsenic-induced genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Melkonian S, Argos M, Chen Y, Parvez F, Pierce B, Ahmed A, Islam T, Ahsan H. Intakes of several nutrients are associated with incidence of arsenic-related keratotic skin lesions in Bangladesh. J Nutr 2012; 142:2128-34. [PMID: 23077185 PMCID: PMC3497963 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.165720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk of skin lesions due to chronic arsenic exposure can be further affected by nutrient intake. We prospectively evaluated the association of nutrient intake and gender with incident skin lesions using data from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Discrete time hazard models were used to estimate these effects in stratified analyses based on skin lesion severity. Overall, we observed significant associations between low intakes of various nutrients (retinol, calcium, fiber, folate, iron, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamins A, C, and E) and skin lesion incidence, particularly for keratotic skin lesions. Associations for vitamins C and E showed significant linear trends. Gender-specific analyses revealed an inverse association between the lowest quartile of nutrient intake and keratotic skin lesion incidence for retinol equivalents, calcium, folate, iron, and fiber among women. Interactions by gender were observed for retinol equivalents (P-interaction = 0.03), calcium (P-interaction = 0.04), vitamin A (P-interaction = 0.03), and riboflavin (P-interaction = 0.04) with the incidence of keratotic skin lesions. Understanding differential susceptibility to skin lesion incidence based on nutrient intake will help researchers develop targeted interventions to prevent health consequences of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, NY; and
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Brandon Pierce
- Department of Health Studies, and,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alauddin Ahmed
- U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- U-Chicago Research Bangladesh, Ltd, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, and,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Zhao F, Wang Y, Jin Y, Zhong Y, Yu X, Li G, Lv X, Sun G. Effects of exogenous methionine on arsenic burden and NO metabolism in brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:700-706. [PMID: 21560223 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of exogenous methionine (Met) on arsenic burden and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite via drinking water. Mice were exposed to sodium arsenite through drinking water contaminated with 50 mg/L arsenic for four consecutive weeks, and treated intraperitoneally with saline solution, 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w), 200 mg/kg b.w or 400 mg/kg b.w of Met, respectively at the fourth week. Levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (MMAs), and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAs) in the liver, blood and brain were determined by method of hydride generation coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities and NO levels in the brain were determined by colorimetric method. Compared with mice exposed to arsenite alone, administration of Met increased significantly the primary methylation ratio in the liver, which resulted in decrease of percent iAs and increase of percent DMAs in the liver, and decrease of iAs, MMAs and total arsenic levels (TAs) in the blood and DMAs and TAs in the brain. NOS activities and NO levels in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite alone were significantly lower than those in control, however administration of Met could increase significantly NO levels. Findings from this study suggested that exogenous Met could benefit the primary arsenic methylation in the liver, which might increase the production of methylated arsenicals and facilitate arsenic excretion. As a consequence, arsenic burden in both blood and brain was reduced, and toxic effects on NO metabolism in the brain were ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghong Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Nutritional deficiency and arsenical manifestations: a perspective study in an arsenic-endemic region of West Bengal, India. Public Health Nutr 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012004697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether nutritional deficiency increases susceptibility to arsenic-related health effects.DesignAssessment of nutrition was based on a 24 h recall method of all dietary constituents.SettingEpidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in an arsenic-endemic area of West Bengal with groundwater arsenic contamination.SubjectsThe study was composed of two groups – Group 1 (cases,n108) exhibiting skin lesions and Group 2 (exposed controls,n100) not exhibiting skin lesions – age- and sex-matched and having similar arsenic exposure through drinking water and arsenic levels in urine and hair.ResultsBoth groups belonged to low socio-economic strata (Group 1 significantly poorer,P< 0·01) and had low BMI (prevalence of BMI < 18·5 kg/m2: in 38 % in Group 1 and 27 % in Group 2). Energy intake was below the Recommended Daily Allowance (set by the Indian Council of Medical Research) in males and females in both groups. Increased risk of arsenical skin lesions was found for those in the lowest quintile of protein intake (v. highest quintile: OR = 4·60, 95 % CI 1·36, 15·50 in males; OR = 5·62, 95 % CI 1·19, 34·57 in females). Significantly lower intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, niacin, Mg, Zn and choline were observed in both males and females of Group 1 compared with Group 2. Significantly lower intakes of carbohydrate, riboflavin, niacin and Cu were also observed in female cases with skin lesions compared with non-cases.ConclusionsDeficiencies of Zn, Mg and Cu, in addition to protein, B vitamins and choline, are found to be associated with arsenical skin lesions in West Bengal.
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Dwivedi S, Mishra A, Tripathi P, Dave R, Kumar A, Srivastava S, Chakrabarty D, Trivedi PK, Adhikari B, Norton GJ, Tripathi RD, Nautiyal CS. Arsenic affects essential and non-essential amino acids differentially in rice grains: inadequacy of amino acids in rice based diet. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 46:16-22. [PMID: 22664651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in rice arsenic (As) research demonstrate that As accumulation significantly affects trace nutrients in rice grain. In the present study we analyzed the amino acid (AA) profile of sixteen rice genotypes differing in grain As accumulation, grown at three sites with different soil As concentrations, in ascending order, Chinsurah<Purbosthali<Birnagar. Grain As accumulation negatively correlated with essential amino acids (EAAs) which were more prominent in high As accumulating rice genotypes (HAARGs). Conversely, non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) showed an increase in low As accumulating rice genotypes (LAARGs) but a decrease in HAARGs. EAAs like isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine also decreased in most of the genotypes. NEAAs like glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and histidine showed an increase in all LAARGs. Likewise, sulfur containing AAs (methionine and cysteine) increased in LAARGs but decreased in HAARGs. Among NEAAs in HAARGs, only arginine and serine showed some induction in most of the genotypes. At the highest As site (Birnagar) total EAAs and NEAAs show significant reduction in HAARGs compared to LAARGs. The study concluded that As accumulation in rice grain alters EAAs and NEAAs differentially, and reduction was more pronounced in HAARGs than in LAARGs. Thus, As tainted rice limits required levels of AAs in rice based diets and therefore cannot alone fulfill the recommended daily intake (RDI) of AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Dwivedi
- CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow - 226 001, India
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Gruber JF, Karagas MR, Gilbert-Diamond D, Bagley PJ, Zens MS, Sayarath V, Punshon T, Morris JS, Cottingham KL. Associations between toenail arsenic concentration and dietary factors in a New Hampshire population. Nutr J 2012; 11:45. [PMID: 22747713 PMCID: PMC3426470 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors such as folate, vitamin B12, protein, and methionine are important for the excretion of arsenic via one-carbon metabolism in undernourished populations exposed to high levels of arsenic via drinking water. However, the effects of dietary factors on toenail arsenic concentrations in well-nourished populations exposed to relatively low levels of water arsenic are unknown. METHODS As part of a population-based case-control study of skin and bladder cancer from the USA, we evaluated relationships between consumption of dietary factors and arsenic concentrations in toenail clippings. Consumption of each dietary factor was determined from a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used general linear models to examine the associations between toenail arsenic and each dietary factor, taking into account potentially confounding effects. RESULTS As expected, we found an inverse association between ln-transformed toenail arsenic and consumption of vitamin B12 (excluding supplements) and animal protein. Unexpectedly, there were also inverse associations with numerous dietary lipids (e.g., total fat, total animal fat, total vegetable fat, total monounsaturated fat, total polyunsaturated fat, and total saturated fat). Finally, increased toenail arsenic concentrations were associated with increased consumption of long chain n-3 fatty acids. CONCLUSION In a relatively well-nourished population exposed to relatively low levels of arsenic via water, consumption of certain dietary lipids may decrease toenail arsenic concentration, while long chain n-3 fatty acids may increase toenail arsenic concentration, possibly due to their association with arsenolipids in fish tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann F Gruber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Pamela J Bagley
- Biomedical Libraries, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - M Scot Zens
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Vicki Sayarath
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - J Steven Morris
- Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri and Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Canet MJ, Hardwick RN, Lake AD, Kopplin MJ, Scheffer GL, Klimecki WT, Gandolfi AJ, Cherrington NJ. Altered arsenic disposition in experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1817-24. [PMID: 22699396 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is represented by a spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver damage sustained in the progressive stages of NAFLD may alter the ability of the liver to properly metabolize and eliminate xenobiotics. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether NAFLD alters the disposition of the environmental toxicant arsenic. C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat or a methionine-choline-deficient diet to model simple steatosis and NASH, respectively. At the conclusion of the dietary regimen, all mice were given a single oral dose of either sodium arsenate or arsenic trioxide. Mice with NASH excreted significantly higher levels of total arsenic in urine (24 h) compared with controls. Total arsenic in the liver and kidneys of NASH mice was not altered; however, NASH liver retained significantly higher levels of the monomethyl arsenic metabolite, whereas dimethyl arsenic was retained significantly less in the kidneys of NASH mice. NASH mice had significantly higher levels of the more toxic trivalent form in their urine, whereas the pentavalent form was preferentially retained in the liver of NASH mice. Moreover, hepatic protein expression of the arsenic biotransformation enzyme arsenic (3+ oxidation state) methyltransferase was not altered in NASH animals, whereas protein expression of the membrane transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 was increased, implicating cellular transport rather than biotransformation as a possible mechanism. These results suggest that NASH alters the disposition of arsenical species, which may have significant implications on the overall toxicity associated with arsenic in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Canet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Heck JE, Marcotte EL, Argos M, Parvez F, Ahmed A, Islam T, Sarwar G, Hasan R, Ahsan H, Chen Y. Betel quid chewing in rural Bangladesh: prevalence, predictors and relationship to blood pressure. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:462-71. [PMID: 22253307 PMCID: PMC3324453 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betel quid is chewed by 600 million people worldwide and it has been linked to obesity and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of betel quid chewing in a rural area of Bangladesh, and determine its effects on body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. METHODS In this population-based prospective study, we analysed data on 19 934 Bangladeshi adults. Linear and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the socio-demographic predictors of betel quid chewing and the effect of betel quid on change in BMI and on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, arterial pressure, overweight or obesity, and hypertension. RESULTS At baseline, betel quid was chewed by 33.2% of the cohort (35.5% of men, 31.6% of women). In a subsample in which we collected methods of use, 17.5% chewed it without tobacco and 82.5% chewed it with tobacco. In multivariate analysis, betel quid chewing was associated with female sex, older age, tobacco smoking and lower socio-economic status, as measured by fewer years of formal education and not owning land. Betel quid was chewed more times per day among women and older persons. At follow-up, persons who chewed betel quid without tobacco had higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and arterial pressure in comparison with never users. After controlling for other explanatory variables, chewing betel quid without tobacco was associated with general hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.10] and systolic hypertension (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.37). We did not observe associations of betel quid chewing with BMI or overweight. CONCLUSIONS Betel quid chewing is likely contributing to high blood pressure in Bangladesh, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Basu A, Mitra S, Chung J, Guha Mazumder DN, Ghosh N, Kalman D, von Ehrenstein OS, Steinmaus C, Liaw J, Smith AH. Creatinine, diet, micronutrients, and arsenic methylation in West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1308-13. [PMID: 21652291 PMCID: PMC3230402 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingested inorganic arsenic (InAs) is methylated to monomethylated (MMA) and dimethylated metabolites (DMA). Methylation may have an important role in arsenic toxicity, because the monomethylated trivalent metabolite [MMA(III)] is highly toxic. OBJECTIVES We assessed the relationship of creatinine and nutrition--using dietary intake and blood concentrations of micronutrients--with arsenic metabolism, as reflected in the proportions of InAS, MMA, and DMA in urine, in the first study that incorporated both dietary and micronutrient data. METHODS We studied methylation patterns and nutritional factors in 405 persons who were selected from a cross-sectional survey of 7,638 people in an arsenic-exposed population in West Bengal, India. We assessed associations of urine creatinine and nutritional factors (19 dietary intake variables and 16 blood micronutrients) with arsenic metabolites in urine. RESULTS Urinary creatinine had the strongest relationship with overall arsenic methylation to DMA. Those with the highest urinary creatinine concentrations had 7.2% more arsenic as DMA compared with those with low creatinine (p < 0.001). Animal fat intake had the strongest relationship with MMA% (highest tertile animal fat intake had 2.3% more arsenic as MMA, p < 0.001). Low serum selenium and low folate were also associated with increased MMA%. CONCLUSIONS Urine creatinine concentration was the strongest biological marker of arsenic methylation efficiency, and therefore should not be used to adjust for urine concentration in arsenic studies. The new finding that animal fat intake has a positive relationship with MMA% warrants further assessment in other studies. Increased MMA% was also associated, to a lesser extent, with low serum selenium and folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin Basu
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Mitchell E, Frisbie S, Sarkar B. Exposure to multiple metals from groundwater-a global crisis: geology, climate change, health effects, testing, and mitigation. Metallomics 2011; 3:874-908. [PMID: 21766119 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the global extent of naturally occurring toxic metals in groundwater. Adverse health effects attributed to the toxic metals most commonly found in groundwater are reviewed, as well as chemical, biochemical, and physiological interactions between these metals. Synergistic and antagonistic effects that have been reported between the toxic metals found in groundwater and the dietary trace elements are highlighted, and common behavioural, cultural, and dietary practices that are likely to significantly modify health risks due to use of metal-contaminated groundwater are reviewed. Methods for analytical testing of samples containing multiple metals are discussed, with special attention to analytical interferences between metals and reagents. An overview is presented of approaches to providing safe water when groundwater contains multiple metallic toxins.
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Chen JW, Chen HY, Li WF, Liou SH, Chen CJ, Wu JH, Wang SL. The association between total urinary arsenic concentration and renal dysfunction in a community-based population from central Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:17-24. [PMID: 21458841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an important environmental toxicant that can cause cancer and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between As exposure and renal dysfunction is not clear. The aim of this study is to examine the association between As exposure and renal dysfunction in a community-based population in central Taiwan. One thousand and forty-three subjects were recruited between 2002 and 2005. The risk for type 2 diabetes was increased by 2-fold (p<0.05) in subjects with total urinary As (U-As)>75 μg g(-1) creatinine as compared with subjects whose U-As was ≤ 35 μg g(-1) creatinine after the adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted odds ratio for an abnormal β2 microglobulin (B2MG>0.154 mg L(-1)) was significantly higher in subjects with U-As>35 μg g(-1) creatinine as compared with the reference group adjusted for age, sex, living area, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. The risk for abnormal B2MG and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<90 mL min(-1)(1.73 m(2))(-1)) was both increased around 2-fold (p<0.05) in subjects with U-As>75 μg g(-1) creatinine as compared with those with U-As ≤ 35 μg g(-1) creatinine adjusted for all the risk factors plus lead (Pb), cadmium and nickel. The prevalence of abnormal B2MG was 4.82 times higher in subjects with both over the median levels of U-As (85.1 μg L(-1)) and urinary Pb (18.9 μg L(-1)) as compared to both lower than the median (p<0.001). These results indicate that U-As might relate to renal dysfunction even other important risk factors were taken into account. Follow-up studies for causal inference are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jein-Wen Chen
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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Pierce BL, Argos M, Chen Y, Melkonian S, Parvez F, Islam T, Ahmed A, Hasan R, Rathouz PJ, Ahsan H. Arsenic exposure, dietary patterns, and skin lesion risk in bangladesh: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:345-54. [PMID: 21178101 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors are believed to modulate arsenic toxicity, potentially influencing risk of arsenical skin lesions. The authors evaluated associations among dietary patterns, arsenic exposure, and skin lesion risk using baseline food frequency questionnaire data collected in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Araihazar, Bangladesh (2000-2009). They identified dietary patterns and estimated dietary pattern scores using factor analysis. Scores were tested for association with incident skin lesion risk and interaction with water arsenic exposure by using ∼6 years of follow-up data (814 events among 9,677 individuals) and discrete time hazards models (adjusting for key covariates). The authors identified 3 clear dietary patterns: the "gourd and root," "vegetable," and "animal protein" patterns. The gourd and root pattern score was inversely associated with skin lesion risk (P(trend) = 0.001), with hazard ratios of 0.86, 0.73, and 0.69 for the second, third, and fourth highest quartiles. Furthermore, the association between water arsenic and skin lesion incidence was stronger among participants with low gourd and root scores (multiplicative P(interaction) < 0.001; additive P(interaction) = 0.05). The vegetable pattern and animal protein pattern showed similar but weaker associations and interactions. Eating a diet rich in gourds and root vegetables and increasing dietary diversity may reduce arsenical skin lesion risk in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Pierce
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Banerjee M, Bhattacharjee P, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced Cancers: A Review with Special Reference to Gene, Environment and Their Interaction. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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McCarty KM, Hanh HT, Kim KW. Arsenic geochemistry and human health in South East Asia. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2011; 26:71-8. [PMID: 21714384 PMCID: PMC3128386 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2011.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic occurs naturally in many environmental components and enters the human body through several exposure pathways. Natural enrichment of arsenic may result in considerable contamination of soil, water, and air. Arsenic in groundwater can exceed values hundreds of time higher than the concentration recommended for drinking water. Such exposure levels indicate a serious potential health risk to individuals consuming raw groundwater. Human activities that have an impact on the environment may increase the distribution of inorganic arsenic. Abandoned mines are of great concern due to the extremely high arsenic concentrations detected in mine drainage and tailings. Diet, drinking water, air, soil, and occupational exposures are all sources of inorganic arsenic for humans. Interdisciplinary efforts to better characterize the transport of arsenic and reactants that facilitate their release to the environment are important for human health studies. Multi-disciplinary efforts are needed to study diet, infectious disease, genetics, and cultural practices unique to each region to better understand human health risk and to design public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. McCarty
- Division of Environmental Health Science, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hoang Thi Hanh
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
- International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyoung-Woong Kim, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwanju, Korea, Phone: +82-62-715-2442, Fax: +82-62-715-2434,
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Milton AH, Shahidullah SM, Smith W, Hossain KS, Hasan Z, Ahmed KT. Association between chronic arsenic exposure and nutritional status among the women of child bearing age: a case-control study in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:2811-21. [PMID: 20717540 PMCID: PMC2922727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7072811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The role of nutritional factors in arsenic metabolism and toxicity is yet to be fully elucidated. A low protein diet results in decreased excretion of DMA and increased tissue retention of arsenic in experimental studies. Malnourished women carry a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Chronic exposure to high arsenic (>50 microg/L) through drinking water also increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The synergistic effects (if any) of malnutrition and chronic arsenic exposure may worsen the adverse pregnancy outcomes. This population based case control study reports the association between chronic arsenic exposure and nutritional status among the rural women in Bangladesh. 348 cases (BMI < 18.5) and 360 controls (BMI 18.5-24.99) were recruited from a baseline survey conducted among 2,341 women. An excess risk for malnutrition was observed among the participants chronically exposed to higher concentrations of arsenic in drinking water after adjusting for potential confounders such as participant's age, religion, education, monthly household income and history of oral contraceptive pills. Women exposed to arsenic >50 microg/L were at 1.9 times (Odds Ratio = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1-3.6) increased risk of malnutrition compared to unexposed. The findings of this study suggest that chronic arsenic exposure is likely to contribute to poor nutritional status among women of 20-45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul H Milton
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Heck JE, Nieves JW, Chen Y, Parvez F, Brandt-Rauf PW, Howe GR, Ahsan H. Protein and amino acid intakes in a rural area of Bangladesh. Food Nutr Bull 2010; 31:206-13. [PMID: 20707226 PMCID: PMC4593306 DOI: 10.1177/156482651003100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have described protein and amino acid intakes in rural Bangladesh, a country with considerable undernutrition. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this population-based study was to assess and describe protein and amino acid intakes in Araihazar, Bangladesh. METHODS The study participants were 11,170 adult men and women who participated in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS), which had a 98% participation rate. Dietary exposures were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire that had been designed and validated for the HEALS study population. RESULTS The mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.7 among all participants, and 34.9% of women and 44.4% of men had a BMI below 18.5. The average caloric intake was 2142 and 2394 kcal/day among women and men, respectively, and the mean protein intake was 67.5 and 78.2 g/day. The largest sources of protein were from rice and fish. Greater protein intake was related to younger age and several socioeconomic measures, including more years of education, land and television ownership, and employment in business, farming, or as a laborer (for men) or as a homemaker (for women). CONCLUSIONS This study found a high prevalence of underweight among study participants. Nonetheless, most participants had adequate protein intake according to Food and Agriculture Organization standards for body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
- Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University
| | - Jeri W. Nieves
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Geoffrey R. Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Health Studies and Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago
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Heck JE, Andrew AS, Onega T, Rigas JR, Jackson BP, Karagas MR, Duell EJ. Lung cancer in a U.S. population with low to moderate arsenic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1718-23. [PMID: 20049123 PMCID: PMC2801179 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the carcinogenic potential of arsenic in areas with low to moderate concentrations of arsenic (< 100 microg/L) in drinking water. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between arsenic and lung cancer. METHODS A population-based case-control study of primary incident lung cancer was conducted in 10 counties in two U.S. states, New Hampshire and Vermont. The study included 223 lung cancer cases and 238 controls, each of whom provided toenail clippings for arsenic exposure measurement by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of the association between arsenic exposure and lung cancer using unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders (age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking pack-years, education, body mass index, fish servings per week, and toenail selenium level). RESULTS Arsenic exposure was associated with small-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung [OR = 2.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-7.57] for toenail arsenic concentration > or = 0.114 microg/g, versus < 0.05 microg/g. A history of lung disease (bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or fibrosis) was positively associated with lung cancer (OR = 2.86; 95% CI, 1.39-5.91). We also observed an elevated risk of lung cancer among participants with a history of lung disease and toenail arsenic > or = 0.05 microg/g (OR = 4.78; 95% CI, 1.87-12.2) than among individuals with low toenail arsenic and no history of lung disease. CONCLUSION Although this study supports the possibility of an increased risk of specific lung cancer histologic types at lower levels of arsenic exposure, we recommend large-scale population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Heck
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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