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Stading R, Swanson L, Xia G, Jiang W, Wang L, Couroucli X, Lingappan K, Moorthy B. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) augments neonatal hyperoxic lung injury: Role of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1, 1A2, and 1B1. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:35-46. [PMID: 38081439 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are at increased risk for premature delivery. Premature infants often require supplemental oxygen, a known risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have been implicated in hyperoxic lung injury. We hypothesize that prenatal PAH exposure exacerbates oxygen-mediated lung injury in neonatal mice, and that this effect is differentially altered in mice lacking the gene for (Cyp)1a1, 1a2, or 1b1. Timed pregnant wild type (WT) (C57BL/6J) mice were orally administered a PAH mixture of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) or the vehicle corn oil (CO) once daily on gestational days 16-19, and the dose response on postnatal lung injury was examined. In addition, timed pregnant mice with one of four genotypes, WT, Cyp1a1-null, Cyp1a2-null, and Cyp1b1-null, were treated orally with CO or PAH on gestational days 16-19 and exposed to hyperoxia or room air for 14 days. Lung injury was assessed on PND15 by radial alveolar count (RAC) and mean linear intercept (MLI) Gene expression of DNA repair genes in lung and liver were measured. Results showed that neonatal hyperoxic lung injury is augmented by prenatal PAH exposure in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was differentially altered in the Cyp-null mice, with Cyp1a2-null showing the greatest extent of lung injury. We concluded that newborn mice exposed to PAH in utero had more significant lung injury in response to hyperoxia than non-PAH exposed pups, and that CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are protective against lung injury while CYP1B1 augments lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stading
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lauren Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guobin Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xanthi Couroucli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
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Luderer U, Eskenazi B, Hauser R, Korach KS, McHale CM, Moran F, Rieswijk L, Solomon G, Udagawa O, Zhang L, Zlatnik M, Zeise L, Smith MT. Proposed Key Characteristics of Female Reproductive Toxicants as an Approach for Organizing and Evaluating Mechanistic Data in Hazard Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:75001. [PMID: 31322437 PMCID: PMC6791466 DOI: 10.1289/ehp4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of female reproductive toxicants is currently based largely on integrated epidemiological and in vivo toxicology data and, to a lesser degree, on mechanistic data. A uniform approach to systematically search, organize, integrate, and evaluate mechanistic evidence of female reproductive toxicity from various data types is lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to apply a key characteristics approach similar to that pioneered for carcinogen hazard identification to female reproductive toxicant hazard identification. METHODS A working group of international experts was convened to discuss mechanisms associated with chemical-induced female reproductive toxicity and identified 10 key characteristics of chemicals that cause female reproductive toxicity: 1) alters hormone receptor signaling; alters reproductive hormone production, secretion, or metabolism; 2) chemical or metabolite is genotoxic; 3) induces epigenetic alterations; 4) causes mitochondrial dysfunction; 5) induces oxidative stress; 6) alters immune function; 7) alters cell signal transduction; 8) alters direct cell–cell interactions; 9) alters survival, proliferation, cell death, or metabolic pathways; and 10) alters microtubules and associated structures. As proof of principle, cyclophosphamide and diethylstilbestrol (DES), for which both human and animal studies have demonstrated female reproductive toxicity, display at least 5 and 3 key characteristics, respectively. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), for which the epidemiological evidence is mixed, exhibits 5 key characteristics. DISCUSSION Future efforts should focus on evaluating the proposed key characteristics against additional known and suspected female reproductive toxicants. Chemicals that exhibit one or more of the key characteristics could be prioritized for additional evaluation and testing. A key characteristics approach has the potential to integrate with pathway-based toxicity testing to improve prediction of female reproductive toxicity in chemicals and potentially prevent some toxicants from entering common use. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Luderer
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Korach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Francisco Moran
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gina Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Osamu Udagawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Luoping Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marya Zlatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Luderer U, Meier MJ, Lawson GW, Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. In Utero Exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene Induces Ovarian Mutations at Doses That Deplete Ovarian Follicles in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:410-420. [PMID: 30353947 PMCID: PMC6615722 DOI: 10.1002/em.22261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials. Our prior work showed that transplacental exposure to BaP depletes ovarian follicles and increases prevalence of epithelial ovarian tumors later in life. We used the MutaMouse transgenic rodent model to address the hypothesis that ovarian mutations play a role in tumorigenesis caused by prenatal exposure to BaP. Pregnant MutaMouse females were treated with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/(kg day) BaP orally on gestational days 7-16, covering critical windows of ovarian development. Female offspring were euthanized at 10 weeks of age; some ovaries with oviducts were processed for follicle counting; other ovaries/oviducts and bone marrow were processed for determination of lacZ mutant frequency (MF). Mutant plaques were pooled within dose groups and sequenced to determine the mutation spectrum. BaP exposure caused highly significant dose-related decreases in ovarian follicles and increases in ovarian/oviductal and bone marrow mutant frequencies at all doses. Absence of follicles, cell packets, and epithelial tubular structures were observed with 20 and 40 mg/(kg day) BaP. Depletion of ovarian germ cells was inversely associated with ovarian MF. BaP induced primarily G > T and G > C transversions and deletions in ovaries/oviducts and bone marrow cells and produced a mutation signature highly consistent with that of tobacco smoking in human cancers. Overall, our results show that prenatal BaP exposure significantly depletes ovarian germ cells, causes histopathological abnormalities, and increases the burden of ovarian/oviductal mutations, which may be involved in pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian tumors. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:410-420, 2019. © 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Luderer
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
- Program in Public Health, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Matthew J. Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
- Present address: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Gregory W. Lawson
- Office for Laboratory Animal Care, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Marc A. Beal
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
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Thakur VS, Liang YW, Lingappan K, Jiang W, Wang L, Barrios R, Zhou G, Guntupalli B, Shivanna B, Maturu P, Welty SE, Moorthy B, Couroucli XI. Increased susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury and alveolar simplification in newborn rats by prenatal administration of benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:322-32. [PMID: 24657529 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking is one of the risk factors for preterm birth and for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure of rats to benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a component of cigarette smoke, will result in increased susceptibility of newborns to oxygen-mediated lung injury and alveolar simplification, and that cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A and 1B1 enzymes and oxidative stress mechanistically contribute to this phenomenon. Timed pregnant Fisher 344 rats were administered BP (25 mg/kg) or the vehicle corn oil (CO) on gestational days 18, 19 and 20, and newborn rats were either maintained in room air or exposed to hyperoxia (85% O2) for 7 or 14 days. Hyperoxic newborn rats prenatally exposed to the vehicle CO showed lung injury and alveolar simplification, and inflammation, and these effects were potentiated in rats that were prenatally exposed to BP. Prenatal exposure to BP, followed by hyperoxia, also resulted in significant modulation of hepatic and pulmonary cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A and 1B1 enzymes at PND 7-14. These rats displayed significant oxidative stress in lungs at postnatal day (PND) 14, as evidenced by increased levels of the F2-isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α. Furthermore, these animals showed BP-derived DNA adducts and oxidative DNA adducts in the lung. In conclusion, our results show increased susceptibility of newborns to oxygen-mediated lung injury and alveolar simplification following maternal exposure to BP, and our results suggest that modulation of CYP1A/1B1 enzymes, increases in oxidative stress, and BP-DNA adducts contributed to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay S Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanhong W Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto Barrios
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Physician Organization, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite M227, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bharath Guntupalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen E Welty
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xanthi I Couroucli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Duarte-Salles T, Mendez MA, Morales E, Bustamante M, Rodríguez-Vicente A, Kogevinas M, Sunyer J. Dietary benzo(a)pyrene and fetal growth: effect modification by vitamin C intake and glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 45:1-8. [PMID: 22565211 PMCID: PMC3855239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported maternal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), as well as DNA adducts reflecting total PAH exposure, to be associated with reduced fetal growth. The role of diet, the main source of PAH exposure among non-smokers, remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between birth weight, length and small size for gestational age (SGA) with maternal intakes of the genotoxic PAH benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] during pregnancy, exploring potential effect modification by dietary intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, alpha- and beta-carotene, as well as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) polymorphisms, hypothesized to influence PAH metabolism. METHODS 657 women in the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Project from Sabadell (Barcelona) were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy. Dietary B(a)P and nutrient intakes were estimated from food consumption data. Genotyping was conducted for the Ile105Val variant of GSTP1. Multivariable models were used to assess associations between size at birth and dietary B(a)P, evaluating potential interactions with candidate nutrients and GSTP1 variants. RESULTS There were significant interactions between elevated intakes of vitamin C (above the mean of 189.41 mg/day) and dietary B(a)P during the first trimester of pregnancy in models for birth weight and length (P<0.05), but no interactions were found with other nutrients. B(a)P intakes were associated with significant reductions in birth weight and length (coefficient±SE for a 1-SD increase in B(a)P: -101.63±34.62 g and -0.38±0.16 cm, respectively) among women with low, but not high, vitamin C intakes. Elevated dietary B(a)P was also associated with increased risk of SGA births among women with low dietary vitamin C. Among these women, associations were strongest in those carrying the GSTP1 Val allele, associated with lower contaminant detoxification activity. CONCLUSION Results suggest that dietary B(a)P exposure may impair fetal growth, particularly in genetically susceptible populations, and that increasing maternal intakes of vitamin C may help to reduce any adverse effects.
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Godschalk RWL, Kleinjans JCS. Characterization of the exposure-disease continuum in neonates of mothers exposed to carcinogens during pregnancy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102:109-17. [PMID: 18226063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The impact of maternal exposure to carcinogens during pregnancy on childhood cancer risk may be especially relevant for genetically susceptible infants. A molecular epidemiological approach, which has the potential to characterize processes between exposure and subsequent health effects in newborns by using biomarkers, is expected to provide valuable information for actually identifying such vulnerable neonates. Therefore, biomarkers of exposure (e.g. levels of cotinine and metals in cord blood), biomarkers of the biologically relevant dose (e.g. DNA and protein adducts) and biomarkers of early effects (e.g. the occurrence of somatic mutations in cord blood) have been studied in relation to birth outcomes. In this MiniReview, the most important data concerning these biomarker studies in relation to potential adverse health effects in neonates will be summarized and will be compared to the outcome of a small study population (59 mother-child pairs) in which all these biomarkers were assessed simultaneously. Overall, it can be concluded that plasma cotinine levels, macromolecule-carcinogen adduct levels and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase mutant frequencies are increased in cord blood of neonates of mothers who were exposed during pregnancy and their levels correlated with proxies of health effects, such as reduced birth weight. Moreover, DNA damage was found to be the highest in those neonates that carried risk alleles in genes that code for biotransformation enzymes. These results were confirmed in our study, which indicates that it is possible to identify a susceptible subgroup of newborns. In summary, there is a reason for profound concern of genotoxic effects in newborns of exposed mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W L Godschalk
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Means JC, Olsen PD, Schoffers E. Development of an isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection method for DNA adducts of selected aromatic amines. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2003; 14:1057-1066. [PMID: 12954174 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(03)00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic amines (arylamines) are a class of chemical carcinogens that are prevalent in environmental and industrial settings. They are metabolically activated to covalently bond to DNA, forming mutagenic adducts. In order to study the mechanisms of their toxicity, sensitive and selective quantitative LC/MS/MS detection methods were developed to measure the N-(adenin-8-yl)-benzidine adduct and N-(adenin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene in total DNA extract samples. A novel synthetic method using a palladium catalyst was previously developed to prepare authentic and deuterated arylamine-adenine adducts to serve as standards. These standards were then used to develop an HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, isotope dilution method. Sample detection limits in DNA samples were 22 pg on-column and 51 pg on-column for the N-(adenin-8-yl)-benzidine- and N-(adenin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene-adenine adducts, respectively. This method has applications for the study of DNA adduct formation as a biological marker of exposure to carcinogens and for environmental and workplace monitoring of these aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Means
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, USA.
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