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An Y, Kim S, Kwon D, Lee K, Yoon H. Computed tomographic measurements of pancreatic thickness in clinically normal dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1254672. [PMID: 38026648 PMCID: PMC10652753 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1254672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic thickness is an indicator for evaluating pancreatic diseases. The transverse and cross-sectional pancreatic thickness observed on computed tomography (CT) may differ. This study aimed to provide a normal reference range for pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane based on body weight (BW) and assess pancreatic thickness to aorta (P/Ao) ratio. In addition, we aimed to establish the normal short and long dimensions of the pancreas based on cross-sectional image through the long axis of the pancreas using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). The short dimension to aorta (S/Ao) and long dimension to aorta (L/Ao) ratios were also established in clinically normal dogs. The pancreatic thickness was measured using CT results of 205 clinically normal dogs. The pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane and the short and long dimensions in the cross-sectional image of the pancreas were measured using MPR. The diameter of the Ao was measured on the transverse plane and the P/Ao, S/Ao, and L/Ao ratios were calculated. Our study showed that the mean normal pancreatic thicknesses (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of the pancreatic body, left and right lobe in the transverse plane were 10.92 ± 2.54 mm, 8.92 ± 2.26 mm and 9.96 ± 2.24 mm, respectively. The P/Ao ratios of the pancreatic body, left and right lobes were 1.85 ± 0.33, 1.50 ± 0.27 and 1.68 ± 0.29, respectively. The mean short dimension (mean ± SD) in the cross-sectional image of the pancreatic body, left and right lobe were 8.98 ± 1.97 mm, 7.99 ± 1.89 mm and 8.76 ± 2.03 mm, respectively. In conclusion, pancreatic thickness increased with BW, while the P/Ao, S/Ao, and L/Ao ratios could be used regardless of BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin An
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Kim
- VIP Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbee Kwon
- Bundang Leaders Animal Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kichang Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakyoung Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Li B, Ren M, Abouelfetouh MM, Guo P, Ding MX, Yang D, Wu Y, Ding Y. Optimal delay for triple-phase hepatic computed tomography using a bolus-tracking technique in cats. ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to provide the characteristics of hepatic computed tomography images and optimize their transition delay with a bolus-tracking technique for triple-phase hepatic computed tomography in cats. Dynamic triple-phase computed tomography was performed in nine healthy cats. The upper third of the liver was dynamically scanned every 0.5 s for 40 s. The time density curves of the aorta and hepatic parenchyma mean enhancement were analyzed. Triple-phase hepatic computed tomography was performed three times with a bolus trigger of 200 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement. The transition delays of the arterial, portal, and hepatic parenchymal phases were respectively 0, 5 and 60 s in the first scan; 2, 7 and 62 s in the second scan; and 4, 9 and 64 s in the third scan. All computed tomography images were evaluated by a certificated radiologist. The arterial vessels and their main branches were well enhanced at a 2 s transition delay. The contrast of the portal vein to the liver parenchyma was most obvious at a 7 s transition delay. The mean enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma peaked at a 62 s transition delay, whereas the degree of enhancement of the hepatic vasculature decreased. In this study, the recommended transition delays for the arterial, portal, and hepatic parenchymal phases were 2 s, 7 s and 62 s, respectively, after triggering at 200 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement. This information may be helpful in diagnosing feline liver diseases and provides a key reference for the clinical implementation of CT.
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Thierry F, Chau J, Makara M, Specchi S, Auriemma E, Longo M, Handel I, Schwarz T. Vascular conspicuity differs among injection protocols and scanner types for canine multiphasic abdominal computed tomographic angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:677-686. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thierry
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Jennifer Chau
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Mariano Makara
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Swan Specchi
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara Italy
| | - Edoardo Auriemma
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara; Granozzo con Monticello Novara Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Ian Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Tobias Schwarz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; The University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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Choi SY, Lee I, Seo JW, Park HY, Choi HJ, Lee YW. Optimal scan delay depending on contrast material injection duration in abdominal multi-phase computed tomography of pancreas and liver in normal Beagle dogs. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:555-561. [PMID: 27297414 PMCID: PMC5204034 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to establish the values for optimal fixed scan delays and diagnostic scan delays associated with the bolus-tracking technique using various contrast material injection durations in canine abdominal multi-phase computed tomography (CT). This study consisted of two experiments employing the crossover method. In experiment 1, three dynamic scans at the porta hepatis were performed using 5, 10 and 15 sec injection durations. In experiment 2, two CT scans consisting of five multi-phase series with different scan delays of 5 sec intervals for bolus-tracking were performed using 5, 10 and 15 sec injection duration. Mean arrival times to aortic enhancement peak (12.0, 15.6, and 18.6 sec for 5, 10, and 15 sec, respectively) and pancreatic parenchymal peak (17.8, 25.1, and 29.5 sec) differed among injection durations. The maximum mean attenuation values of aortas and pancreases were shown at the scan section with 0 and 5, 0 and 10 and 5 and 10 sec diagnostic scan delays during each injection duration, respectively. The optimal scan delays of the arterial and pancreatic parenchymal phase in multi-phase CT scan using fixed scan delay or bolus-tracking should be determined with consideration of the injection duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - In Lee
- Ian Animal Diagnostic Center, Seoul 06014, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ho-Jung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young-Won Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Abstract
Ischemic cerebrovascular diseases are one of the most common vascular diseases in aged people and CT perfusion (CTP) is a very popular tool to detect the ischemic changes in brain vascular. The present study aims to establish a novel intracranial hemodynamic model to simulate anterior cerebral artery blood flow, and compare the actual and simulated hemodynamic parameters of healthy people and patients with carotid stenosis or occlusion.A mathematical model of the intracranial hemodynamic was generated using MATLAB software, and data from patients with or without infarct disease (57 and 44 cases, respectively) were retrospectively collected to test the new model. The actual time-density curve (TDC) of anterior cerebral artery was obtained from the original intracranial CTP data, and simulated TDC was calculated from our intracranial hemodynamic model. All model parameters were adjusted according to patients' sex, height, and weight. Time to peak enhancement (TTP), maximum enhancement (ME), and mean transit time (MTT) were selected to evaluate the status of hemodynamics.In healthy people, there were no significant differences of TTP and ME between actual and simulated curves. For patients with infarct symptoms, ME was significantly decreased in actual data compared with simulated curve, while there was no obvious difference of TTP between actual and simulated data. Moreover, MTT was delayed in infarct patients compared with healthy people.Our group generated a computer-based, physiologic model to simulate intracranial hemodynamics. The model successfully simulated anterior cerebral artery hemodynamics in normal healthy people and showed noncompliant ME and MTT in infarct patients, reflecting their abnormal cerebral hemodynamic status. The digital model is reliable and may help optimize the protocol of contrast medium enhancement in intracranial CT, and provide a solid tool to study intracranial hemodynamics.
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Longo M, Andreis ME, Pettinato C, Ravasio G, Rabbogliatti V, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Use of the bolus tracking technique for the tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs and assessment of dose records. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:64. [PMID: 27026013 PMCID: PMC5477813 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the work is the application of a bolus tracking technique for tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs. Ten adult dogs (8-14 years) with variable body weight (2,8-32 kg) were enrolled in the prospective study. The patients were placed in sternal recumbency with a 10° elevated pelvis and the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction was obtained with the bolus tracking technique after intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast medium. In the post-contrast late phase a region of interest was placed within the lumen of the distal ureters and the density values were monitored before starting the helical scan. RESULTS The uretero-vesicular junction was clearly visible in 100% of patients with the visualization of the endoluminal ureteral contrast enhancement and bladder washout. At the end of the tomographic study an evaluation of the dose records was performed and compared to human exposures reported in literature for the pelvic region. The effective dose estimated for each patient (37,5-138 mSv) proved to be elevated, when compared to those reported in human patients. CONCLUSION The bolus tracking technique could be applied for the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction in non-pathological patients, placing the region of interest in the distal ureters. The high effective doses recorded in our study support the need of specific thresholds for veterinary patients, pointing out the attention for paediatric patient's exposure also in veterinary imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Medical Physics Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
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