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Park J, Lee SG, Jeong SM, Nam A. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the urinary bladder in a dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:643-648. [PMID: 38952766 PMCID: PMC11195514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
An 8-year-old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with a urinary bladder mass, urolithiasis, and hematuria. A solitary, pedunculated, intraluminal mass on the caudodorsal wall was identified with extensive irregular bladder wall thickening, and the mass was surgically removed. Postoperative histopathology demonstrated a submucosal lesion comprising spindle cells with marked inflammatory cell infiltration, without malignant changes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed vimentin and desmin positivity in the mass. An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) was definitively diagnosed. No recurrence was observed during a 43-month follow-up period. Although IMTs are rare in dogs, they should be considered a differential diagnosis for mass-like urinary bladder lesions accompanying a chronic inflammatory disease process. Key clinical message: Canine IMT should be included in the differential diagnoses of bladder masses, especially when dogs exhibit chronic irritation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Ulsan S Animal Medical Center, Samsanro 71, Ulsan 44726, Republic of Korea (Park); S Animal Cancer Center, Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea (Park); Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (Park, Lee, Jeong); Joeun Animal Medical Center, Daegu 42068, Republic of Korea (Lee); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Nam)
| | - Sang Gwan Lee
- Ulsan S Animal Medical Center, Samsanro 71, Ulsan 44726, Republic of Korea (Park); S Animal Cancer Center, Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea (Park); Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (Park, Lee, Jeong); Joeun Animal Medical Center, Daegu 42068, Republic of Korea (Lee); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Nam)
| | - Seong Mok Jeong
- Ulsan S Animal Medical Center, Samsanro 71, Ulsan 44726, Republic of Korea (Park); S Animal Cancer Center, Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea (Park); Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (Park, Lee, Jeong); Joeun Animal Medical Center, Daegu 42068, Republic of Korea (Lee); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Nam)
| | - Aryung Nam
- Ulsan S Animal Medical Center, Samsanro 71, Ulsan 44726, Republic of Korea (Park); S Animal Cancer Center, Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea (Park); Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (Park, Lee, Jeong); Joeun Animal Medical Center, Daegu 42068, Republic of Korea (Lee); Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea (Nam)
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Zhang T, Lv J, Liu ZY, Lei QL, Jiang ZF, Sun XX, Yue X, Li X, Zhu KL, Yang YK, Luo L, Cao X. P2X7 receptor is essential for ST36-attenuated cardiac fibrosis upon beta-adrenergic insult. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10009-y. [PMID: 38676825 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in modulating inflammation and fibrosis, but information is limited whether Zusanli (ST36) can inhibit inflammation and fibrosis by regulating P2X7R. Isoprenaline at 5 mg/kg was subcutaneously injected to wild-type and P2X7R knockout mice for 7 days, while treatment groups received electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at ST36 for 7 sessions. Following 7-session treatment, Masson's trichrome staining was performed to assess the fibrosis. Morphology, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography were carried out to evaluate the cardiac function and structure. Western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analysis of inflammatory cytokine and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the effect of ST36 on inflammation. P2X7R was overexpressed in ISO-treated mice. EA at ST36, but not at non-points, reduced ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis, increases in HW/BW, R+S wave relative to mice in ISO groups. In addition, EA at ST36 downregulated ISO-upregulated P2X7R and NLRP3 in ventricle. Moreover, EA reduced cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 in serum, and inhibited foam cell gathering, inflammatory cell infiltration, and autophagy. However, EA at ST36 failed to attenuate the cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in P2X7R knockout mice. In conclusion, EA at ST36 attenuated ISO-induced fibrosis possibly via P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Yue Liu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu-Lian Lei
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze-Fei Jiang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xing Yue
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ke-Li Zhu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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Niu G, Zhao Y, Song H, Song Q, Yin X, Zhu Z, Xu J. Marein Ameliorates Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting HIF-1α and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway in Isoproterenol-stimulated Mice and TGF-β1-stimulated Cardiac Fibroblasts. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:71-80. [PMID: 38151839 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282062231218075341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure. OBJECTIVE We probe into the impact of marein, a key bioactive compound in functional food Coreopsis tinctoria, on isoproterenol-stimulated myocardial fibrotic mice and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). METHODS Isoproterenol was administered to the experimental mice via subcutaneous injection, and simultaneous administration of marein (25-100 mg/kg) was performed via oral gavage. CFs were stimulated with TGF- β1 to trigger differentiation and collagen synthesis, followed by treatment with marein at concentrations of 5-20 μM. RESULTS Treatment with marein in mice and CFs resulted in a significant reduction in the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. Additionally, marein treatment decreased the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), p-Smad2/3, and Smad2/3. Notably, molecular docking analysis revealed that marein directly targets HIF-1α. CONCLUSION Marein might exert a protective function in isoproterenol-stimulated myocardial fibrotic mice and TGF-β1-stimulated CFs, which might result from the reduction of TGF-β1 induced HIF-1α expression, then inhibiting p-Smad2/3 and Smad2/3 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junchi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, China
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YAMATE J. Stem cell pathology: histogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and characterization of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrotic lesions. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:895-906. [PMID: 37460298 PMCID: PMC10539815 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of "stem cell pathology" is to establish the role of the stem cells by exploring their contribution to lesion development. The somatic stem cells are present in the body. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH; recently named "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma") includes pluripotential undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells as a cell element. An antibody (A3) generated by using rat MFH cells as the antigen labels somatic stem cells such as bone marrow stem cells and immature endothelial cells and pericytes, as well as immature epithelial cells in epithelialization. By using A3 and other antibodies recognizing somatic stem cells, it is considered that myofibroblasts appearing in rat fibrotic lesions are developed partly from immature hepatic stellate cells in hepatic fibrosis, immature pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis, pericytes/endothelial cells in neovascularization in injured tissues, as well as via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These progenitors may be in the stem cell lineage. In this review, the author introduces the histogenesis of MFH and the characteristics of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrosis, based mainly on the author's studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji YAMATE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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de Almeida BM, dos Santos IDD, de Carvalho FMA, Correa LC, Cunha JLS, Dariva C, Severino P, Cardoso JC, Souto EB, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Himatanthus bracteatus-Composed In Situ Polymerizable Hydrogel for Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315176. [PMID: 36499503 PMCID: PMC9739771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Himatanthus genus presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, suggesting potential wound-healing properties. This study aimed to develop and analyze the wound-healing properties of a photopolymerizable gelatin-based hydrogel (GelMA) containing an ethanolic extract of Himatanthus bracteatus in a murine model. The extract was obtained under high pressure conditions, incorporated (2%) into the GelMA (GelMA-HB), and physically characterized. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was assessed using a carrageenan-induced pleurisy model and the GelMA-HB scarring properties in a wound-healing assay. The extract reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels (48.5 ± 6.7 and 64.1 ± 4.9 pg/mL) compared to the vehicle (94.4 ± 2.3 pg/mL and 106.3 ± 5.7 pg/mL; p < 0.001). GelMA-HB depicted significantly lower swelling and increased resistance to mechanical compression compared to GelMA (p < 0.05). GelMA-HB accelerated wound closure over the time course of the experiment (p < 0.05) and promoted a significantly greater peak of myofibroblast differentiation (36.1 ± 6.6 cells) and microvascular density (23.1 ± 0.7 microvessels) on day 7 in comparison to GelMA (31.9 ± 5.3 cells and 20.2 ± 0.6 microvessels) and the control (25.8 ± 4.6 cells and 17.5 ± 0.5 microvessels) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GelMA-HB improved wound healing in rodents, probably by modulating the inflammatory response and myofibroblastic and microvascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeth M. de Almeida
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe M. A. de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Luana C. Correa
- School of Physiotherapy, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - John L. S. Cunha
- Department of Odontology, Paraiba State University, Campina Grande 58429 500, PB, Brazil
| | - Claudio Dariva
- Laboratory for Colloidal Systems Studies, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Cardoso
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (R.L.C.d.A.-J.)
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Mechanism of Action of Zhi Gan Cao Decoction for Atrial Fibrillation and Myocardial Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Atrial Fibrillation: A Network Pharmacology-Based Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4525873. [PMID: 35720023 PMCID: PMC9203184 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4525873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), a commonly seen cardiac disease without optimal curative treatment option, is usually treated by traditional Chinese medicine in China. The Zhi-Gan-Cao decoction (ZGCD) is an alternative medicine for clinical use and has definitive effects. It remains to be defined regarding the specific components and related mechanisms of ZGCD for the treatment of AF. We determined the primary constituents and major targets of the herbs in ZGCD using the TCMSP, HERB, and BATMAN-TCM databases. The UniProt databank database amended and combined the prospective names to supply objective data and records. Every target connected to AF was generated using the GeneCards databank, Drugbank database, TTD, Disgenet database, and OMIM. After identifying possible common targets between ZGCD and AF, the interface network illustration “ZGCD component-AF-target” was created using Cytoscape. We obtained 175 constituents and 839 targets for seven herbal drug categories in the ZGCD and identified 1008 targets of AF. After merging and removing repetitions, 136 collective targets between the ZGCD and AF were removed using the Cytoscape system. These renowned targets were generated from 38 suitable components from among the 157 components. GO enhancement examination and KEGG enrichment analysis by Metascape identified the close connection between the critical target genes and 20 signaling pathways. Then, we injected isoproterenol subcutaneously into the mouse and gave gavage with roasted licorice soup. Two weeks later, mouse were processed and sampled for testing. The results of HE and Masson staining showed that ZGCD effectively alleviated the degree of myocardial fibrosis. As indicated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, ZGCD significantly reduced COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 in myocardial fibrotic tissue to reduce myocardial fibrosis and treat AF by interfering with the expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and TGF-β1 in myocardial tissue. ZGCD may treat AF by lowering the degree of myocardial fibrosis.
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Wang F, Zhang J, Niu G, Weng J, Zhang Q, Xie M, Li C, Sun K. Apigenin inhibits isoproterenol‐induced myocardial fibrosis and Smad pathway in mice by regulating oxidative stress and miR‐122‐5p/155‐5p expressions. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1003-1015. [PMID: 35277868 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Apium graveolens, is an effective natural active ingredient that inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiation and collagen synthesis. However, its effects on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of apigenin in the prevention of myocardial fibrosis. A mouse model of myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol was established, and the mice were given apigenin 75-300 mg/kg orally for 40 days. The results showed that the heart weight coefficient, myocardial hydroxyproline, collagen accumulation, and malondialdehyde levels in the apigenin-treated groups were significantly reduced. In contrast, the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly enhanced. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays showed that apigenin could significantly upregulate the expressions of myocardial microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p), c-Ski, and Smad7 and downregulate the expressions of myocardial miR-155-5p, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I/III, NF-κB, TGF-β1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3. In vitro, the differentiation and extracellular matrix production, as well as TGF-β1/Smads axis, were further reduced after treatment of miR-122-5p mimic or miR-155-5p inhibitor-transfected and TGF-β1-stimulated CFs with apigenin. These results suggested that apigenin increased the expression of miR-122-5p and decreased the expression of miR-155-5p, which subsequently downregulated and upregulated the target genes HIF-1α and c-Ski, respectively. Furthermore, apigenin administration downregulated TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 and upregulated Smad7. In addition, it reduced the NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway axis by increasing antioxidant ability to exert the antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghao Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Sun B, Zhao C, Mao Y. MiR-218-5p Mediates Myocardial Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting CX43. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4504-4512. [PMID: 34587879 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210929111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) has been considered a core factor in the deterioration of cardiac function. Previous studies have shown that miRNA plays an important role in various pathophysiological processes of the heart. However, the role of miRNA in myocardial fibrosis regulation after MI remains unclear. In the present study, we documented that miR-218-5p was significantly decreased in myocardial fibroblasts after MI. METHODS The miRNA expression profiles of MI were downloaded from GEO Datasets. The expression of a fibrosis-related gene in vivo and in vitro was analyzed by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Total 7 up- and 9 downregulated common miRNAs were found in the two profiles. Among these common genes, miR-218-5p was downregulated in the MI mice. MiR-218-5p mediated the myocardial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that GJA1 (CX43) may be the target of miR218-5p, and overexpressed CX43 can partly block the function of miR-218-5p in fibrosis inhibition. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that miR-218-5p plays an important role in myocardial fibrosis after MI by targeting CX43. Thus, miR-218-5p promises to be a potential diagnosis and treatment of myocardial fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Cymbopogon winterianus Essential Oil Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050679. [PMID: 34065064 PMCID: PMC8150729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus (EOCW) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. We studied the effect of EOCW in the progression of histological changes of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in a rodent model. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin was performed in 30 rats to induce PF, while Sham animals were subjected to instillation of saline solution. The treatment was performed using daily oral administration of distilled water, EOCW at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, and deflazacort (DFC). After 28 days, hemogram and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assayed. Histological grading of PF, immunohistochemical expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also analyzed. The EOCW major compounds were found to be citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. EOCW significantly reduced inflammation in BALF, reduced MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. EOCW attenuated histological grading of PF and reduced immunohistochemical expression of α-SMA and TGF-β in a dose-dependent way, likely due to the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation.
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Yang HX, Sun JH, Yao TT, Li Y, Xu GR, Zhang C, Liu XC, Zhou WW, Song QH, Zhang Y, Li AY. Bellidifolin Ameliorates Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Regulating TGF-β1/Smads and p38 Signaling and Preventing NR4A1 Cytoplasmic Localization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644886. [PMID: 33995055 PMCID: PMC8120298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is closely related to high morbidity and mortality. In Inner Mongolia, Gentianella amarella subsp. acuta (Michx.) J.M.Gillett (G. acuta) is a kind of tea used to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Bellidifolin (BEL) is an active xanthone molecule from G. acuta that protects against myocardial damage. However, the effects and mechanisms of BEL on myocardial fibrosis have not been reported. In vivo, BEL dampened isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac structure disturbance and collagen deposition. In vitro, BEL inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation. In vivo and in vitro, BEL decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and inhibited TGF-β1/Smads signaling. Additionally, BEL impeded p38 activation and NR4A1 (an endogenous inhibitor for pro-fibrogenic activities of TGF-β1) phosphorylation and inactivation in vitro. In CFs, inhibition of p38 by SB203580 inhibited the phosphorylation of NR4A1 and did not limit Smad3 phosphorylation, and blocking TGF-β signaling by LY2157299 and SB203580 could decrease the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and III. Overall, both cell and animal studies provide a potential role for BEL against myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of CFs. These inhibitory effects might be related to regulating TGF-β1/Smads pathway and p38 signaling and preventing NR4A1 cytoplasmic localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Geng-Rui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing-Chao Liu
- Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiu-Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ai-Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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11
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Koga M, Karim MR, Kuramochi M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Appearance of Heterogeneous Macrophages During Development of Isoproterenol-Induced Rat Myocardial Fibrosis. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1048-1061. [PMID: 33397220 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320982526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages appearing in lesions are polarized toward M1 (for inflammation) and M2 (for anti-inflammation/fibrosis) types. We analyzed immunophenotypes of macrophages appearing in myocardial lesion in rats injected once with isoproterenol (10 mg/kg body weight). Inflammation following myocardial necrosis on day 1 was seen with a peak on days 3 and 5, and thereafter, reparative fibrosis developed on days 7 to 28. CD68+ M1 macrophages were seen in the early stages of injury and inflammatory on days 1 to 7, and thereafter, CD163+ M2 macrophages increased in the late stages of fibrosis on days 7 to 28. There was the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages. The kinetics of macrophages reacting to Iba-1 and Galectin-3 was similar to that of M1 macrophages, indicating that Iba1- and Gal-3-positive macrophages might have functions of M1 type. Double immunofluorescence revealed that CD204- and MHC class II-positive macrophages are polarized toward M1 and M2 types, respectively. CCR2 messenger RNA expression is transiently elevated on day 1. Since CCR2 is a marker of blood monocytes, M1 macrophages might be recruited from blood monocytes. Collectively, macrophages expressing heterogeneous immunophenotypes participate in myocardial fibrosis. These findings would be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis and analyzing myocardial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Koga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 194887Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan.,26369Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 194887Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 194887Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mizuki Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 194887Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 194887Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 194887Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 194887Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Systems biology predicts that fibrosis in tuberculous granulomas may arise through macrophage-to-myofibroblast transformation. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008520. [PMID: 33370784 PMCID: PMC7793262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection causes tuberculosis (TB), a disease characterized by development of granulomas. Granulomas consist of activated immune cells that cluster together to limit bacterial growth and restrict dissemination. Control of the TB epidemic has been limited by lengthy drug regimens, antibiotic resistance, and lack of a robustly efficacious vaccine. Fibrosis commonly occurs during treatment and is associated with both positive and negative disease outcomes in TB but little is known about the processes that initiate fibrosis in granulomas. Human and nonhuman primate granulomas undergoing fibrosis can have spindle-shaped macrophages with fibroblast-like morphologies suggesting a relationship between macrophages, fibroblasts, and granuloma fibrosis. This relationship has been difficult to investigate because of the limited availability of human pathology samples, the time scale involved in human TB, and overlap between fibroblast and myeloid cell markers in tissues. To better understand the origins of fibrosis in TB, we used a computational model of TB granuloma biology to identify factors that drive fibrosis over the course of local disease progression. We validated the model with granulomas from nonhuman primates to delineate myeloid cells and lung-resident fibroblasts. Our results suggest that peripheral granuloma fibrosis, which is commonly observed, can arise through macrophage-to-myofibroblast transformation (MMT). Further, we hypothesize that MMT is induced in M1 macrophages through a sequential combination of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling in granuloma macrophages. We predict that MMT may be a mechanism underlying granuloma-associated fibrosis and warrants further investigation into myeloid cells as drivers of fibrotic disease. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a bacterium that infects over a third of the world’s population. The only available vaccine for TB has limited efficacy and drug treatment involves several antibiotics that are taken for several months. These drugs can have significant side-effects and a lack of compliance can lead to drug resistance in Mtb. A hallmark of Mtb infection is the development of clusters of cells that form around infected macrophages to contain the infection called granulomas. Older granulomas, or granulomas in patients treated with antibiotic, often become fibrotic and this can cause chronic lung problems long after the Mtb infection has cleared. The process that drives a fibrotic outcome has been difficult to assess in vivo. Herein we combined wet-lab and computational experimentation to identify a novel mechanism leading to peripheral fibrosis in granulomas. We find that macrophages transforming into myofibroblast-like cells, may be a key pathway to granuloma-associated fibrosis, a phenomena that has not been well characterized in vivo. Further we identified factors that can inhibit fibrosis development during TB that could be therapeutic targets during TB treatment to limit the risk of long-term tissue damage in TB.
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13
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Jia Q, Wang X, Li Y, Lv S, Zhang J. Roles of Biomarkers in Myocardial Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1157-1174. [PMID: 33014530 PMCID: PMC7505259 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is observed in various cardiovascular diseases and plays a key role in the impairment of cardiac function. Endomyocardial biopsy, as the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis, has limitations in terms of clinical application. Therefore, biomarkers have been recommended for noninvasive assessment of myocardial fibrosis. This review discusses the role of biomarkers in myocardial fibrosis from the perspective of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Ding
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiujin Jia
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- 3Qian'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qian'an 064400, China
| | - Yanyang Li
- 4Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shichao Lv
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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14
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Citerni C, Kirchhoff J, Olsen LH, Sattler SM, Gentilini F, Forni M, Zannoni A, Grunnet M, Edvardsson N, Bentzen BH, Diness JG. Characterization of Atrial and Ventricular Structural Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Atrial Fibrillation Induced by Atrial Tachypacing. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:179. [PMID: 32328502 PMCID: PMC7160334 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by electrical and structural remodeling. Irregular and/or fast atrio-ventricular (AV) conduction during AF can result in AV dyssynchrony, tachymyopathy, pressure and volume overload with subsequent dilatation, valve regurgitation, and ventricular dysfunction with progression to heart failure. Objective: To gain further insight into the myocardial pathophysiological changes induced by right atrial tachypacing (A-TP) in a large animal model. Methods: A total of 28 Landrace pigs were randomized as 14 into AF-induced A-TP group and 14 pigs to control group. AF pigs were tachypaced for 43 ± 4 days until in sustained AF. Functional remodeling was investigated by echocardiography (after cardioversion to sinus rhythm). Structural remodeling was quantified by histological preparations with picrosirius red and immunohistochemical stainings. Results: A-TP resulted in decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) accompanied by increased end-diastolic and end-systolic left atrium (LA) volume and area. In addition, A-TP was associated with mitral valve (MV) regurgitation, diastolic dysfunction and increased atrial and ventricular fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM). Conclusions: A-TP induced AF with concomitant LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction, increased LA volume and area, and atrial and ventricular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Citerni
- Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Acesion Pharma, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lisbeth Høier Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stefan Michael Sattler
- Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Department I, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nils Edvardsson
- Acesion Pharma, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Acesion Pharma, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Yang HX, Xu GR, Zhang C, Sun JH, Zhang Y, Song JN, Li YF, Liu Y, Li AY. The aqueous extract of Gentianella acuta improves isoproterenol‑induced myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of the TGF‑β1/Smads signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:223-233. [PMID: 31939619 PMCID: PMC6889944 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentianella acuta (G. acuta) is one of the most commonly used herbs in Chinese Mongolian medicine for the treatment of heart disease. Previously, it was found that G. acuta ameliorated cardiac function and inhibited isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats. In this study, the underlying anti-fibrotic mechanism of G. acuta was further elucidated. Histopathological changes in the heart were observed by hematoxylineosin, Masson trichrome and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Relevant molecular events were investigated using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results revealed that G. acuta caused improvements in myocardial injury and fibrosis. G. acuta also inhibited collagens I and III and α-smooth muscle actin production in heart tissue. G. acuta downregulated the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and notably inhibited the levels of phosphorylation of TGF-β receptors I and II. Furthermore, G. acuta caused downregulation of the intracellular mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smads)2 and 4 expression and inhibited Smads2 and 3 phosphorylation. The results further demonstrated that the mechanism underlying anti-myocardial fibrosis effects of G. acuta was based upon the suppression of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Therefore, G. acuta may be a potential therapeutic agent for ameliorating myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Geng-Rui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Na Song
- Department of Medicinal Plant, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
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