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Yuan C, Xu W, Zhao C, Gao W, Wu G. Case Report: Detection of Treponema phagedenis in cerebrospinal fluid of a neurosyphilis patient by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218049. [PMID: 37712061 PMCID: PMC10497860 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Treponema phagedenis, a human commensal spirochete, has been reported world-wide as a key factor in the pathogenesis of bovine digital dermatitis. Here we report a case of T. phagedenis sequence detection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient. The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis, and T. phagedenis was detected as the only microorganism in his CSF by metagenomic sequencing. The patient went through a round of penicillin therapy previously (2.4 million units of Benzathine Penicillin intramuscularly once a week for three weeks) that did not resolve the symptoms; after the diagnosis of neurosyphilis he was treated with Penicillin G Sodium 4.0 million units q4h intravenous for 14 days then his symptoms resolved. To the best of our knowledge, T. phagedenis has never been reported to be detected in a human's CSF before. This was also the first time it was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. We propose that more etiological tests should be performed including culture and sequencing for more patients with syphilis, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenicity of the spirochete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Yuan
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenggui Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Marsella R, Wilkes R, Ahrens K. Canine Epidermal Keratinocytes (CPEK) Grown in Monolayer Are Not Representative of Normal Canine Keratinocytes for Permeability Studies: Pilot Studies. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9010025. [PMID: 35051109 PMCID: PMC8780127 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) are used as canine keratinocyte cell line. Their suitability for skin barrier studies is unknown. Measurement of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) evaluates epithelial permeability. We compared TEER and tight junction (TJ) expression in CPEKs and normal keratinocytes (NK) harvested from biopsies of normal dogs. CPEKs and NK were grown until confluence (D0) and for 13 additional days. Slides were fixed on D0 and stained with ZO-1 and claudin-1 antibodies. Five images/antibody were taken, randomized and evaluated blindly by three investigators for intensity, staining location, granularity, and continuousness. Cell size and variability were evaluated. TEER increased overtime to 2000 Ohms/cm in NK, while remained around 100–150 Ohms/cm in CPEK. ANOVA showed significant effect of time (p < 0.0001), group (p < 0.0001) and group x time interaction (p < 0.0001) for TEER. Size of CPEKs was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller and less variable (p = 0.0078) than NK. Intensity of claudin-1 staining was greater in CPEKs (p < 0.0001) while granularity was less in CPEKs (p = 0.0012). For ZO-1, cytoplasmic staining was greater in CPEK (p < 0.0001) while membrane continuousness of staining was greater in NK (p = 0.0002). We conclude that CPEKs grown in monolayer are not representative of NK for permeability studies.
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