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Fagundes-Moreira R, Bezerra-Santos MA, Lia RP, Daudt C, Wagatsuma JT, de Carmo ECO, Berger L, Chaves da Silva FR, Soares JF, Otranto D. Eyeworms of wild birds and new record of Thelazia ( Thelaziella) aquilina (Nematoda: Spirurida). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100910. [PMID: 38371737 PMCID: PMC10873718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The eyeworms of the subgenus Thelaziella infect orbital cavities, conjunctival sacs and lachrymal ducts of many wild birds, being able to cause conjunctivitis. In Brazil, at least 10 species of Thelaziella have been described. Here we present a brief review of cases of Thelazia (Thelaziella) aquilina and describe the infection of this parasite in Harpia harpyja, as a new host record. Two nematodes were collected from the surface of the cornea of an adult female H. harpyja in the Amazon region (Brazil) and were morphologically identified as two males of T. (T.) aquilina. This data demonstrated the need for further studies focused on elucidating the transmission, biological cycle, and phylogenetic positioning of Thelaziella as subgenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fagundes-Moreira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia E Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Cíntia Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tessália Wagatsuma
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Berger
- Laboratório de Protozoologia E Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavio Roberto Chaves da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia E Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Avian ocular disease may be primary or a manifestation of systemic disease. Various infectious and noninfectious diseases have been reported to cause ocular pathology. Thorough physical examination and diagnostic testing are necessary to determine a treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Griggs
- North Houston Veterinary Ophthalmology, 1646 Spring Cypress Road, Suite 116, Spring, TX 77388, USA.
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Abstract
There are numerous causative agents of avian conjunctivitis, many of which are associated with systemic disease. A thorough evaluation of the patient's history and habitat is mandatory, and a complete physical examination and ophthalmic examination are required. The owner should be informed at the initial visit that an orderly sequential approach for obtaining diagnostic specimens is required and that a protracted course of treatment may be required to bring about complete, long-lasting resolution of clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Abrams
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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