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Endo H, Nguyen TS, Nguyen DD, Sasaki M, Kimura J, Oshida T, Yago M, Ly NT, Nguyen TT, Motokawa M. Zoogeographical barriers causing discontinuous osteometrical variations in the northern treeshrew skulls. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1534-1544. [PMID: 34380913 PMCID: PMC8569870 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological variation of the skull was examined in the northern treeshrew
(Tupaia belangeri) from various localities across Southeast Asia.
Through a multivariate analysis, the treeshrews from South Vietnam exhibited distinct
morphological characteristics compared to other populations from Thailand and Laos, and
Malaysia. The plots of the specimens of North Vietnam are not randomly mixed with Thailand
plots segregation in the scatteregrams of canonical discriminant analysis. Since the
skulls of the population from North Vietnam were morphologically similar to those form
central Laos and northern and northeastern Thailand, the zoogeographical barrier effect of
Mekong River was not clearly confirmed. The population of the Kanchanaburi in western
Thailand is clearly smaller in size compared to the other populations. The southern border
of the distribution of this species is determined by the Isthmus of Kra or Kangar-Pattani
Line. In the northern treeshrew, which is distributed from southern China to Bangladesh
and southern Thailand, we have detected osteometrical geographical variation driven by
geography. These results indicate that the skull morphology in the Tupaia
glis-belangeri complex distinctively differs in South Vietnam, western
Thailand, and southern Thailand. The zoogeographical barrier and factor separating these
districts are expected to clarify in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Endo
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
| | - Truong Son Nguyen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Dinh Duy Nguyen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Junpei Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Tatsuo Oshida
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Masaya Yago
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ngoc Tu Ly
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Thi Tham Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University.,Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University
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Hai BT, Motokawa M, Kawada SI, Abramov AV, Son NT. Skull Variation in Asian Moles of the Genus Euroscaptor (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) in Vietnam. MAMMAL STUDY 2020. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bui Tuan Hai
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Masaharu Motokawa
- The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawada
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan
| | - Alexei V. Abramov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen ST, Oshida T, Dang PH, Bui HT, Motokawa M. A new species of squirrel (Sciuridae: Callosciurus) from an isolated island off the Indochina Peninsula in southern Vietnam. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Son Truong Nguyen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Oshida
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, West, Inada, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Phuong Huy Dang
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai Tuan Bui
- Department of Nature Conservation, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Nguyen ST, Motokawa M, Oshida T, Endo H. A morphological analysis of the skull size and shape of Kerivoulinae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:187-98. [PMID: 26346743 PMCID: PMC4785106 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia is a region of high biodiversity, containing species of plants and animals that are yet to be
discovered. In this region, bats of the subfamily Kerivoulinae are widespread and diverse with six species
recorded in Vietnam. However, the taxonomy of the Kerivoulinae in Asia is complicated. In our study, we used
diagnostic characters and multivariate analysis to determine morphological differences between the genera
Kerivoula and Phoniscus. We showed that the two genera are distinguishable
by the size of second upper incisors, the shape of skull, nasal sinus, canines, second upper and lower
premolars. In addition, the two genera can be osteometrically separated by measurements of the braincase
height, interorbital width and shape of anterior palatal emargination. Our data clearly revealed the
morphological variations in the skull shape of Kerivoula hardwickii in Vietnam. This suggests
a possible separation into three morphotypes, representing cryptic species supported by statistical
differences with wide variation in skull shape, size and teeth. These results demonstrated Kerivoula
hardwickii can be separated three subspecies, and the result will serve as the basis for the future
assessment and classification of this group in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Truong Nguyen
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract
Environmental temperature can have a surprising impact on extremity growth in homeotherms, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive for over a century. Limbs of animals raised at warm ambient temperature are significantly and permanently longer than those of littermates housed at cooler temperature. These remarkably consistent lab results closely resemble the ecogeographical tenet described by Allen's "extremity size rule," that appendage length correlates with temperature and latitude. This phenotypic growth plasticity could have adaptive significance for thermal physiology. Shortened extremities help retain body heat in cold environments by decreasing surface area for potential heat loss. Homeotherms have evolved complex mechanisms to maintain tightly regulated internal temperatures in challenging environments, including "facultative extremity heterothermy" in which limb temperatures can parallel ambient. Environmental modulation of tissue temperature can have direct and immediate consequences on cell proliferation, metabolism, matrix production, and mineralization in cartilage. Temperature can also indirectly influence cartilage growth by modulating circulating levels and delivery routes of essential hormones and paracrine regulators. Using an integrated approach, this article synthesizes classic studies with new data that shed light on the basis and significance of this enigmatic growth phenomenon and its relevance for treating human bone elongation disorders. Discussion centers on the vasculature as a gateway to understanding the complex interconnection between direct (local) and indirect (systemic) mechanisms of temperature-enhanced bone lengthening. Recent advances in imaging modalities that enable the dynamic study of cartilage growth plates in vivo will be key to elucidating fundamental physiological mechanisms of long bone growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Serrat
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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Koyabu DB, Oshida T, Dang NX, Can DN, Kimura J, Sasaki M, Motokawa M, Son NT, Hayashida A, Shintaku Y, Endo H. Craniodental mechanics and the feeding ecology of two sympatric callosciurine squirrels in Vietnam. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Endo H, Hayashida A, Fukuta K. Multivariate analyses of the skull size and shape in the five geographical populations of the lesser false vampire. MAMMAL STUDY 2007. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2007)32[23:maotss]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hayashida A, Endo H, Sasaki M, Oshida T, Kimura J, Waengsothorn S, Kitamura N, Yamada J. Geographical Variation in Skull Morphology of Gray-Bellied Squirrel Callosciurus caniceps. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:149-57. [PMID: 17339759 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographical variation of the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) was examined using osteometry of skull in Southeast Asia. From the principal component analysis (PCA), the plots of the northern localities from Nan to Kanchanaburi and those of the southern localities from Narathiwat to Kuala Lumpur in male were completely separated. In female, the plots of the locality from Uttradit to Kanchanaburi and those of the locality from Pattani to Negri Sembilan were completely separated. We called these northern localities and southern localities which are distinguished by the PCA as N group and S group. The size and shape of the skulls of these squirrels indicated the differences between N group and S group from t-test and U-test. These results may be influenced by the two transitions of the phytogeography around the southernmost locality in N group and the northernmost locality in S group in the peninsular Thailand and Malay Peninsula. Localities which are located between N and S groups were called the Middle (M) group. From the PCA among N, S groups and each locality of M group, the plots of localities such as Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Trang in both sexes of M group could not be separated from those of N and S groups. We suggest that the sympatric distribution of N and S groups and the hybrid of N and S populations may be seen in these localities of M group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hayashida
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Endo H, Tsuchiya K. A new species of Ryukyu spiny rat, Tokudaia (Muridae: Rodentia), from Tokunoshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. MAMMAL STUDY 2006. [DOI: 10.3106/1348-6160(2006)31[47:ansors]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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