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Van PD, Mai NTA, Nguyen VT, Nguyen TTH, Van Dong H, Le PN, Lai TNH, Thi PN, Pham NT, Nguyen LT, Anh DBT, Le VP. Detection and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus isolated in civets in Vietnam. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:97-101. [PMID: 36521201 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper (CD), caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), is a lethal systemic disease to a wide range of wild and domestic carnivorous hosts, including civets. In this study, a possible CD outbreak in a backyard farm with 32 diseased civets (Viverricula indica) in Hanoi, Vietnam, was investigated. The sick civets showed CD-like clinical signs such as anorexia, sedentary behavior, diarrhea, dermatitis, nasal, and footpad hyperkeratosis. Various tissue samples collected from the dead civets were utilized for molecular screening of CDV and histopathological examination. The genetic detection and characterization confirmed that samples collected from dead civets tested positive for CDV. The phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length H gene sequences indicated that all CDV strains isolated from civets belonged to the Asia-1 lineage and were closely related to the CDV strains previously reported from dogs in Thailand, China, and Vietnam. Histopathological examination showed severe interstitial pneumonia, hemorrhagic alveolar septa, necrotic alveolar epithelial cells, necrotic, degenerated, or lost Purkinje cells, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, edema, and perivascular cuff. This study confirmed the detection of CDV in civets for the first time in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phai Dam Van
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Hieu Van Dong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Nam Le
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Nguyen Thi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Thach Pham
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Bui Tran Anh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 131000, Viet Nam; Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Shi N, Zhang L, Yu X, Zhu X, Zhang S, Zhang D, Duan M. Insight Into an Outbreak of Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Masked Palm Civets in China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:728238. [PMID: 34805333 PMCID: PMC8595205 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.728238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In August 2019, a suspected outbreak of canine distemper was observed in a masked palm civet farm that also received stray civets and rescued wild civets in Henan Province of China. A virulent canine distemper virus (CDV) strain, named HN19, from vaccinated masked palm civets was the etiologic agent identified in this outbreak using RT-PCR and sequencing of the complete genome. Serological analysis indicated a lower positive rate of CDV-neutralizing antibody in wild civets than in captive civets. Phylogenetic analysis of viral hemagglutinin (H) and the complete genome showed high identities with Rockborn-like strains at the nucleotide (98.7~99.72%) and the closest nucleotide similarity with a strain that killed lesser pandas in China in 1997, but low identities with America-1 strains (vaccine strains). Most importantly, one distinct amino acid exchange in the H protein at position 540 Asp → Gly (D540G), which confers CDV with an improved ability to adapt and utilize the human receptor, was observed in HN19. This study represents the first reported outbreak of a Rockborn-like CDV strain infection in masked palm civets in China. Based on this report, the existence of Rockborn-like strains in Chinese wild animals may not only cause immune failure in captive animals, but may also confer increased zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuhua Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Lee S, Yoon YS, Park J, Oh D, Yoo JY, Ji M, Han B, Oh S, Hyun BH. Isolation and molecular characterizations of canine distemper virus from a naturally infected Korean dog using Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e64. [PMID: 33016015 PMCID: PMC7533389 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection results in high morbidity and mortality in dogs. There has been no report about isolation of Korean CDV since 1980 in Korea. Objectives To investigate the biological properties and the genetic characterization of Korean CDV. Methods Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (dSLAM) gene named as Vero/dSLAM were used to isolate CDV using 17 samples. Diagnostic methods such as cytopathic effects, immunofluorescence assay, peroxidase linked assay, electron microscopy, rapid immunodiagnostic assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the Korean CDV isolate as a CDV. The genetic analysis was performed through cloning and sequencing of hemagglutinin gene of CDV isolate. Results A virus propagated in Vero/dSLAM cell was confirmed as CDV (CD1901 strain) based on the above methods. The CD1901 strain showed the highest viral titer (105.5 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50]/mL) in the Vero/dSLAM cells at 4 days post inoculation, but did not form a fork on chorioallantoic membrane of 7-day-old egg. Ribavirin, a nucleotide analogue anti-viral agent, inhibits moderately the Korean CDV propagation in the Vero/dSLAM cells. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the H gene of CD1901 strain were compared with those of other CDV strains. The CD1901 strain belonged to Asia 1 group and had the highest similarity (99.9%) with the BA134 strain, which was isolated in China in 2008. Conclusions We constructed successfully Vero/dSLAM and isolated one Korean CDV isolate (CD1901 strain) from a naturally infected dog. The CD1901 strain belonged to Asia 1 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea.
| | - Ha Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Siu Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yoon Seek Yoon
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Dongryul Oh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jae Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Miryeon Ji
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Bokhee Han
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Subin Oh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Bang Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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Wicker LV, Canfield PJ, Higgins DP. Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:75-93. [PMID: 27359248 PMCID: PMC7165938 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Viverridae is a family of nocturnal carnivores including civets, genets and African linsangs. While a list of known organisms isolated from a species is an essential tool for population management, this review represents the first attempt to collate published reports of organisms isolated from viverrids. A wide range of organisms, including 11 viruses, eight bacterial species, one internal arthropod species, representatives from eight genera of protozoan, 21 genera of nematode, seven genera of cestode, eight genera of trematode and six genera of external arthropod (mites, ticks and louse), have been reported in literature spanning over a century of research. Many of these are capable of infecting multiple hosts, including humans. This is of concern given the anthropogenic factors that bring humans and domestic species into close contact with viverrids, facilitating transmission and spillover of organisms between groups. These factors include trade in viverrids for human consumption, captive management in zoos, rescue centres or on commercial breeding farms, and the increasing overlap of free-ranging viverrid distribution and human settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. V. Wicker
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- Save Vietnam's WildlifeCuc Phuong National ParkNinh BinhVietnam
| | - P. J. Canfield
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - D. P. Higgins
- Faculty of Veterinary ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
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Takenaka A, Yoneda M, Seki T, Uema M, Kooriyama T, Nishi T, Fujita K, Miura R, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Sato H, Kai C. Characterization of two recent Japanese field isolates of canine distemper virus and examination of the avirulent strain utility as an attenuated vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:372-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Techangamsuwan S, Banlunara W, Radtanakatikanon A, Sommanustweechai A, Siriaroonrat B, Lombardini ED, Rungsipipat A. Pathologic and Molecular Virologic Characterization of a Canine Distemper Outbreak in Farmed Civets. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:724-31. [PMID: 25253065 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814551580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In October 2011, a fatal disease outbreak occurred in 3 civet species farmed for their use in the coffee industry in Thailand. The disease quickly killed 20 animals in a mixed population of Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus; n = 18), a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata; n = 1), and small Indian civet (Viverricula indica; n = 1). Clinical signs consisted of severe lethargy, weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea with associated dehydration, dyspnea, nasal and footpad hyperkeratosis, and seizures. All civets were positive for canine morbillivirus using the commercial canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen test kit. Consistently observed necropsy findings consisted of severe pneumonia and hemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopic examination revealed severe gastroenteritis, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, lymphadenitis, necrotizing dermatitis, nonsuppurative polioencephalitis, and characteristic intranuclear/intracytoplasmic eosinophilic viral inclusions in multiple tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed immunoreactivity of varying intensity, while virus isolation demonstrated typical cytopathic effects. To confirm CDV infection, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction against fusion (F), phosphoprotein (P), and hemagglutinin (H) genes showed bands of expected size using conjunctival swabs (9 civets, 1 dog [Canis lupus familiaris] living on the farm). Phylogenetic analyses and restriction fragment length polymorphism results indicated that the civets were infected by the Asia-1 strain of CDV commonly found in dogs in Thailand. The deduced amino acid sequences of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule binding region of the CDV-H proteins revealed a Y549H mutation in both CDV-infected Asian palm civets (n = 4) and a co-located dog. We report a canine distemper outbreak in a civet colony with lineage classification and a Y549H mutation in noncanid species in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Both authors contributed equally
| | - W Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Both authors contributed equally
| | - A Radtanakatikanon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Sommanustweechai
- Bureau of Research, Conservation and Education, Zoological Park Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B Siriaroonrat
- Bureau of Research, Conservation and Education, Zoological Park Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E D Lombardini
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Canine distemper outbreak in raccoons suggests pathogen interspecies transmission amongst alien and native carnivores in urban areas from Germany. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:50-9. [PMID: 25258173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From December 2012 to May 2013, an outbreak occurred among urban wild carnivores from Berlin. We collected 97 free-ranging raccoons from the city area. PCR assays, histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in 74 raccoons. Phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin gene fragments (1767 nucleotides) of CDV isolated from four raccoons showed close relation to CDV isolates from foxes from Germany and a domestic dog from Hungary; all belonging to the "Europe" lineage of CDV. These study results suggest an inter-species transmission of CDV as the origin for the outbreak among the raccoon population. Implications for domestic pets and suggested interspecies transmission between urban wildlife and raccoons are discussed. This is the first major outbreak of CDV amongst free-ranging raccoons in Europe.
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Otsuki N, Nakatsu Y, Kubota T, Sekizuka T, Seki F, Sakai K, Kuroda M, Yamaguchi R, Takeda M. The V protein of canine distemper virus is required for virus replication in human epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82343. [PMID: 24358174 PMCID: PMC3866114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) becomes able to use human receptors through a single amino acid substitution in the H protein. In addition, CDV strains possessing an intact C protein replicate well in human epithelial H358 cells. The present study showed that CDV strain 007Lm, which was isolated from lymph node tissue of a dog with distemper, failed to replicate in H358 cells, although it possessed an intact C protein. Sequence analyses suggested that a cysteine-to-tyrosine substitution at position 267 of the V protein caused this growth defect. Analyses using H358 cells constitutively expressing the CDV V protein showed that the V protein with a cysteine, but not that with a tyrosine, at this position effectively blocked the interferon-stimulated signal transduction pathway, and supported virus replication of 007Lm in H358 cells. Thus, the V protein as well as the C protein appears to be functional and essential for CDV replication in human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuichiro Nakatsu
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kubota
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Sakai
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
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Sarute N, Calderón MG, Pérez R, La Torre J, Hernández M, Francia L, Panzera Y. The fusion protein signal-peptide-coding region of canine distemper virus: a useful tool for phylogenetic reconstruction and lineage identification. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63595. [PMID: 23675493 PMCID: PMC3652846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV; Paramyxoviridae, Morbillivirus) is the etiologic agent of a multisystemic infectious disease affecting all terrestrial carnivore families with high incidence and mortality in domestic dogs. Sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (H) gene has been widely employed to characterize field strains, permitting the identification of nine CDV lineages worldwide. Recently, it has been established that the sequences of the fusion protein signal-peptide (Fsp) coding region are extremely variable, suggesting that analysis of its sequence might be useful for strain characterization studies. However, the divergence of Fsp sequences among worldwide strains and its phylogenetic resolution has not yet been evaluated. We constructed datasets containing the Fsp-coding region and H gene sequences of the same strains belonging to eight CDV lineages. Both datasets were used to evaluate their phylogenetic resolution. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that both datasets clustered the same strains into eight different branches, corresponding to CDV lineages. The inter-lineage amino acid divergence was fourfold greater for the Fsp peptide than for the H protein. The likelihood mapping revealed that both datasets display strong phylogenetic signals in the region of well-resolved topologies. These features indicate that Fsp-coding region sequence analysis is suitable for evolutionary studies as it allows for straightforward identification of CDV lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Sarute
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marina Gallo Calderón
- Centro de Virología Animal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José La Torre
- Centro de Virología Animal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Hernández
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lourdes Francia
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail:
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Otsuki N, Sekizuka T, Seki F, Sakai K, Kubota T, Nakatsu Y, Chen S, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Yamaguchi R, Kuroda M, Takeda M. Canine distemper virus with the intact C protein has the potential to replicate in human epithelial cells by using human nectin4 as a receptor. Virology 2013; 435:485-92. [PMID: 23174504 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks in monkeys have proven that canine distemper virus (CDV) causes diseases in a wide range of mammals. CDV uses SLAM and nectin4 as receptors to replicate in susceptible animals. Here, we show that human nectin4, but not human SLAM, is fully functional as a CDV receptor. The CDV Ac96I strain hardly replicated in nectin4-expressing human epithelial NCI-H358 cells, but readily adapted to grow in them. Unsurprisingly, no amino acid change in the H protein was required for the adaptation. The original Ac96I strain possessed a truncated C protein, and a subpopulation possessing the intact C protein was selected after growth in NCI-H358 cells. Other CDV strains possessing the intact C protein showed significantly higher growth abilities in NCI-H358 cells than the Ac96I strain with the truncated C protein. These findings suggest that the C protein is functional in human epithelial cells and critical for CDV replication in them.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Distemper/virology
- Distemper Virus, Canine/genetics
- Distemper Virus, Canine/metabolism
- Distemper Virus, Canine/physiology
- Dogs
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Vero Cells
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
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Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently expanded its host range to nonhuman primates. A large CDV outbreak occurred in rhesus monkeys at a breeding farm in Guangxi Province, China, in 2006, followed by another outbreak in rhesus monkeys at an animal center in Beijing in 2008. In 2008 in Japan, a CDV outbreak also occurred in cynomolgus monkeys imported from China. In that outbreak, 46 monkeys died from severe pneumonia during a quarantine period. A CDV strain (CYN07-dV) was isolated in Vero cells expressing dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Phylogenic analysis showed that CYN07-dV was closely related to the recent CDV outbreaks in China, suggesting continuing chains of CDV infection in monkeys. In vitro, CYN07-dV uses macaca SLAM and macaca nectin4 as receptors as efficiently as dog SLAM and dog nectin4, respectively. CYN07-dV showed high virulence in experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys and excreted progeny viruses in oral fluid and feces. These data revealed that some of the CDV strains, like CYN07-dV, have the potential to cause acute systemic infection in monkeys.
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Nagao Y, Nishio Y, Shiomoda H, Tamaru S, Shimojima M, Goto M, Une Y, Sato A, Ikebe Y, Maeda K. An outbreak of canine distemper virus in tigers (Panthera tigris): possible transmission from wild animals to zoo animals. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:699-705. [PMID: 22214864 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV), a morbillivirus that causes one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases known in canids, has an expanding host range, including wild animals. Since December 2009, several dead or dying wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were found in and around one safari-style zoo in Japan, and CDV was isolated from four of these animals. In the subsequent months (January to February 2010), 12 tigers (Panthera tigris) in the zoo developed respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, and CDV RNA was detected in fecal samples of the examined tigers. In March 2010, one of the tigers developed a neurological disorder and died; CDV was isolated from the lung of this animal. Sequence analysis of the complete hemagglutinin (H) gene and the signal peptide region of the fusion (F) gene showed high homology among these isolates (99.8-100%), indicating that CDV might have been transmitted from raccoon dog to tiger. In addition, these isolates belonged to genotype Asia-1 and had lower homology (<90%) to the vaccine strain (Onderstepoort). Seropositivity of lions (Panthera leo) in the zoo and wild bears (Ursus thibetanus) captured around this area supported the theory that a CDV epidemic had occurred in many mammal species in and around the zoo. These results indicate a risk of CDV transmission among many animal species, including large felids and endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nagao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Panzera Y, Calderón MG, Sarute N, Guasco S, Cardeillac A, Bonilla B, Hernández M, Francia L, Bedó G, La Torre J, Pérez R. Evidence of two co-circulating genetic lineages of canine distemper virus in South America. Virus Res 2011; 163:401-4. [PMID: 22036731 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of a multisystemic infection that affects different species of carnivores and is responsible for one of the main diseases suffered by dogs. Recent data have shown a worldwide increase in the incidence of the disease, including in vaccinated dog populations, which necessitates the analysis of circulating strains. The hemagglutinin (H) gene, which encodes the major antigenic viral protein, has been widely used to determine the degree of genetic variability and to associate CDVs in different worldwide circulating lineages. Here, we obtained the sequence of the first full-length H gene of field South American CDV strains and compared it with sequences of worldwide circulating field strains and vaccine viruses. In South America, we detect two co-circulating lineages with different prevalences: the Europe 1 lineage and a new South America 2 lineage. The Europe 1 lineage was the most prevalent in South America, and we suggest renaming it the Europe 1/South America 1 lineage. The South America 2 lineage was found only in Argentina and appears related to wild CDV strains. All South American CDV strains showed high amino-acid divergence from vaccine strains. This genetic variability may be a possible factor leading to the resurgence of distemper cases in vaccinated dog populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Igúa 4225, CP11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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14
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Sato H, Yoneda M, Honda T, Kai C. Recombinant vaccines against the mononegaviruses--what we have learned from animal disease controls. Virus Res 2011; 162:63-71. [PMID: 21982973 PMCID: PMC7114506 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mononegaviruses include a number of highly contagious and severe disease-causing viruses of both animals and humans. For the control of these viral diseases, development of vaccines, either with classical methods or with recombinant DNA virus vectors, has been attempted over the years. Recently reverse genetics of mononegaviruses has been developed and used to generate infectious viruses possessing genomes derived from cloned cDNA in order to study the consequent effects of viral gene manipulations on phenotype. This technology allows us to develop novel candidate vaccines. In particular, a variety of different attenuation strategies to produce a range of attenuated mononegavirus vaccines have been studied. In addition, because of their ideal nature as live vaccines, recombinant mononegaviruses expressing foreign proteins have also been produced with the aim of developing multivalent vaccines against more than one pathogen. These recombinant mononegaviruses are currently under evaluation as new viral vectors for vaccination. Reverse genetics could have great potential for the preparation of vaccines against many mononegaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center/International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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15
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Kameo Y, Nagao Y, Nishio Y, Shimoda H, Nakano H, Suzuki K, Une Y, Sato H, Shimojima M, Maeda K. Epizootic canine distemper virus infection among wild mammals. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:222-9. [PMID: 21840141 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals' death 1-2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kameo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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16
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Emergence of canine distemper in Bavarian wildlife associated with a specific amino acid exchange in the haemagglutinin protein. Vet J 2011; 187:399-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Sugai A, Kooriyama T, Sato H, Yoneda M, Kai C. Epitope mapping of Canine distemper virus phosphoprotein by monoclonal antibodies. Microbiol Immunol 2010; 53:667-74. [PMID: 19954454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The gene for phosphoprotein (P) of CDV encodes three different proteins, P, V, and C. The P protein is involved in viral gene transcription and replication. In the present study, we produced MAbs against a unique domain of the CDV-P protein, from aa 232 to 507, and determined their antigenic sites. By immunizing BALB/c mice with the recombinant P protein-specific fragment, we obtained six MAbs. Competitive binding inhibition assays revealed that they recognized two distinct regions of the P protein. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays using deletion mutants of the unique C-terminus of the CDV-P protein revealed that all MAbs recognized a central short region (aa 233-303) of the CDV-P protein. In addition, linear and conformational epitopes have been determined, and at least four antigenic sites exist in the P protein central region. Furthermore, four of the MAbs were found to react with the P protein of recent Japanese field isolates but not with that of the older CDV strains, including a vaccine strain. Thus, these MAbs could be clinically useful for quick diagnosis during the CDV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sugai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Pratelli A. Canine distemper virus: the emergence of new variants. Vet J 2010; 187:290-1. [PMID: 20233663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Sun Z, Li A, Ye H, Shi Y, Hu Z, Zeng L. Natural infection with canine distemper virus in hand-feeding Rhesus monkeys in China. Vet Microbiol 2010; 141:374-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Nakano H, Kameo Y, Sato H, Mochizuki M, Yokoyama M, Uni S, Shibasaki T, Maeda K. Detection of antibody to canine distemper virus in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 71:1661-3. [PMID: 20046037 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a lethal disease among members of the Carnivora. To clarify the distribution of CDV in wild animals, we examined 106 raccoon sera collected from two prefectures in Japan, Hyogo and Osaka, from 2005 to 2007. Among them, 34 raccoons (32.1%) possessed a virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody to KDK-1 strain (genotype Asia-1). There was no significant difference in seroprevalence of CDV regardless of places, gender, and body weights. In Hyogo, a geometric mean of VN titers to KDK-1 was significantly higher than that to Onderstepoort (vaccine strain), indicating that KDK-1-like CDV different from vaccine strain might have spread among raccoon population in Hyogo. In conclusion, CDV is epidemic among feral raccoons in Japan, suggesting that CDV might have been spreading among Japanese wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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21
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Takayama I, Kubo M, Takenaka A, Fujita K, Sugiyama T, Arai T, Yoneda M, Sato H, Yanai T, Kai C. Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 32:539-49. [PMID: 18774607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (CDV), captured in Japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the H protein of two CDV isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in Japan. Histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absent or at a mild degree. The distribution of the lesions resembles that of recent CDV cases in dogs. Therefore, recent CDV infections in masked palm civets could be caused by recently prevalent CDV in dogs. The possibility of the masked palm civet as a spreader of CDV among wildlife is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Takayama
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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22
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Martella V, Cirone F, Elia G, Lorusso E, Decaro N, Campolo M, Desario C, Lucente MS, Bellacicco AL, Blixenkrone-Møller M, Carmichael LE, Buonavoglia C. Heterogeneity within the hemagglutinin genes of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains detected in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2006; 116:301-9. [PMID: 16730927 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen causing lethal disease in dogs and other mammalians. A high degree of genetic variation is found between recent CDV strains and the old CDV isolates used in the vaccines and such genetic variation is regarded as a possible cause of the increasing number of CDV-related diseases in dogs. The H gene shows the greatest extent of genetic variation that allows for distinction of various lineages, according to a geographical pattern of distribution and irrespective of the species of identification. In the present study, hemagglutinin (H) genes obtained from field strains detected from clinical specimens of Italian dogs were analyzed genetically. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a homogeneous group of CDV strains is widespread in Italian dogs, all which are included into the European lineage. Unexpectedly, strains 179/04 and 48/05 clustered along with CDVs of the Arctic lineage, the highest identity being to strain GR88 (98.0 and 98.4%aa, respectively). The full-length sequence of a red fox CDV strain, 207/00 was also determined and analyzed. The H protein of the fox CDV strain was unrelated to strains within the major European lineage. These results suggest that at least three different CDV lineages are present in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martella
- Department of Animal Health and Well-being, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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