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Mishra AK, Ghosh A, Chakraborty S. Constraining extra dimensions using observations of black hole quasi-normal modes. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2022; 82:820. [PMID: 36158115 PMCID: PMC9483322 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of extra dimensions generically modify the spacetime geometry of a rotating black hole, by adding an additional hair, besides the mass M and the angular momentum J, known as the 'tidal charge' parameter, β . In a braneworld scenario with one extra spatial dimension, the extra dimension is expected to manifest itself through - (a) negative values of β , and (b) modified gravitational perturbations. This in turn would affect the quasi-normal modes of rotating black holes. We numerically solve the perturbed gravitational field equations using the continued fractions method and determine the quasi-normal mode spectra for the braneworld black hole. We find that increasingly negative values of β correspond to a diminishing imaginary part of the quasi-normal mode, or equivalently, an increasing damping time. Using the publicly available data of the properties of the remnant black hole in the gravitational wave signal GW150914, we check for consistency between the predicted values (for a given β ) of the frequency and damping time of the least-damped ℓ = 2 , m = 2 quasi-normal mode and measurements of these quantities using other independent techniques. We find that it is highly unlikely for the tidal charge, β ≲ - 0.05 , providing a conservative limit on the tidal charge parameter. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K. Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Abhirup Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sumanta Chakraborty
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032 India
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2
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Farsi B, Sheykhi A. Structure formation in mimetic gravity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.024053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Blázquez-Salcedo JL, Doneva DD, Kunz J, Yazadjiev SS. Radial perturbations of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet black holes beyond spontaneous scalarization. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.124005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Takeda H, Morisaki S, Nishizawa A. Search for scalar-tensor mixed polarization modes of gravitational waves. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.084019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Abstract
Quintessential inflation provides a unified description of inflation and dark energy in terms of a single scalar degree of freedom, the cosmon. We present here a comprehensive overview of this appealing paradigm, highlighting its key ingredients and keeping a reasonable and homogeneous level of details. After summarizing the cosmological evolution in a simple canonical case, we discuss how quintessential inflation can be embedded in a more general scalar-tensor formulation and its relation to variable gravity scenarios. Particular emphasis is placed on the role played by symmetries. In particular, we discuss the evolution of the cosmon field in terms of ultraviolet and infrared fixed points potentially appearing in quantum gravity formulations and leading to the emergence of scale invariance in the early and late Universe. The second part of the review is devoted to the exploration of the phenomenological consequences of the paradigm. First, we discuss how direct couplings of the cosmon field to matter may affect neutrinos masses and primordial structure formation. Second, we describe how Ricci-mediated couplings to spectator fields can trigger the spontaneous symmetry breaking of internal symmetries such as, but not limited to, global U(1) or Z2 symmetries, and affect a large variety of physical processes in the early Universe.
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6
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Kase R, Tsujikawa S. Relativistic star perturbations in Horndeski theories with a gauge-ready formulation. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.024059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Screening mechanisms are often deployed by dark energy models to conceal the effects of their new degrees of freedom from the scrutiny of terrestrial and solar system experiments. However, the extreme properties of nuclear matter may lead to a partial failure of screening mechanisms inside the most massive neutron stars observed in nature, opening up the possibility of probing these theories with neutron star observations. In this work, we explore equilibrium and stability properties of neutron stars in two variants of the symmetron model. We show that around sufficiently compact neutron stars, the symmetron is amplified with respect to its background (cosmological) value by several orders of magnitude, and that the properties of such unscreened stars are sensitive to corrections to the leading linear coupling between the symmetron and matter.
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Abstract
The existence of a photon circular orbit can tell us a lot about the nature of the underlying spacetime, since it plays a pivotal role in the understanding of the characteristic signatures of compact objects, namely the quasi-normal modes and shadow radius. For this purpose, determination of the location of the photon circular orbit is of utmost importance. In this work, we derive bounds on the location of the photon circular orbit around compact objects within the purview of general relativity and beyond. As we have explicitly demonstrated, contrary to the earlier results in the context of general relativity, the bound on the location of the photon circular orbit is not necessarily an upper bound. Depending on the matter content, it is possible to arrive at a lower bound as well. This has interesting implications for the quasi-normal modes and shadow radius, the two key observables related to the strong field tests of gravity. Besides discussing the bound for higher dimensional general relativity, we have also considered how the bound on the photon circular orbits gets modified in the braneworld scenario, for pure Lovelock and general Lovelock theories of gravity. Implications of these results for compact objects were also discussed.
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Ramachandra N, Valogiannis G, Ishak M, Heitmann K. Matter power spectrum emulator for
f(R)
modified gravity cosmologies. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.123525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Lange R, Huntemann N, Rahm JM, Sanner C, Shao H, Lipphardt B, Tamm C, Weyers S, Peik E. Improved Limits for Violations of Local Position Invariance from Atomic Clock Comparisons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:011102. [PMID: 33480794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.011102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We compare two optical clocks based on the ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0)→^{2}D_{3/2}(F=2) electric quadrupole (E2) and the ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=0)→^{2}F_{7/2}(F=3) electric octupole (E3) transition of ^{171}Yb^{+} and measure the frequency ratio ν_{E3}/ν_{E2}=0.932829404530965376(32), improving upon previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Using two caesium fountain clocks, we find ν_{E3}=642121496772645.10(8) Hz, the most accurate determination of an optical transition frequency to date. Repeated measurements of both quantities over several years are analyzed for potential violations of local position invariance. We improve by factors of about 20 and 2 the limits for fractional temporal variations of the fine structure constant α to 1.0(1.1)×10^{-18}/yr and of the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ to -8(36)×10^{-18}/yr. Using the annual variation of the Sun's gravitational potential at Earth Φ, we improve limits for a potential coupling of both constants to gravity, (c^{2}/α)(dα/dΦ)=14(11)×10^{-9} and (c^{2}/μ)(dμ/dΦ)=7(45)×10^{-8}.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lange
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N Huntemann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J M Rahm
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Sanner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - H Shao
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B Lipphardt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Chr Tamm
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Weyers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E Peik
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
A recent study of a sample of wide binary star systems from the Hipparcos and Gaia catalogues has found clear evidence of a gravitational anomaly of the same kind as that appearing in galaxies and galactic clusters. Instead of a relative orbital velocity decaying as the square root of the separation, ΔV∝r−1/2, it was shown that an asymptotic constant velocity is reached for distances of order 0.1 pc. If confirmed, it would be difficult to accommodate this breakdown of Kepler’s laws within the current dark matter (DM) paradigm because DM does not aggregate in small scales, so there would be very little DM in a 0.1 pc sphere. In this paper, we propose a simple non-Newtonian model of gravity that could explain both the wide binaries anomaly and the anomalous rotation curves of galaxies as codified by the Tully-Fisher relation. The required extra potential can be understood as a Klein-Gordon field with a position-dependent mass parameter. The extra forces behave as 1/r on parsec scales and r on Solar system scales. We show that retrograde anomalous perihelion precessions are predicted for the planets. This could be tested by precision ephemerides in the near future.
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Maselli A, Franchini N, Gualtieri L, Sotiriou TP. Detecting Scalar Fields with Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:141101. [PMID: 33064541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), during which a small body spirals into a supermassive black hole, in gravity theories with additional scalar fields. We first argue that no-hair theorems and the properties of known theories that manage to circumvent them introduce a drastic simplification to the problem: the effects of the scalar on supermassive black holes, if any, are mostly negligible for EMRIs in vast classes of theories. We then exploit this simplification to model the inspiral perturbatively and we demonstrate that the scalar charge of the small body leaves a significant imprint on gravitational wave emission. Although much higher precision is needed for waveform modeling, our results strongly suggest that this imprint is observable with Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, rendering EMRIs promising probes of scalar fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maselli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma & Sezione INFN Roma1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchini
- SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy and INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
| | - Leonardo Gualtieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma & Sezione INFN Roma1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas P Sotiriou
- School of Mathematical Sciences and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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14
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Ván P, Kovács R. Variational principles and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190178. [PMID: 32223407 PMCID: PMC7134949 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Variational principles play a fundamental role in deriving the evolution equations of physics. They work well in the case of non-dissipative evolution, but for dissipative systems, the variational principles are not unique and not constructive. With the methods of modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics, one can derive evolution equations for dissipative phenomena and, surprisingly, in several cases, one can also reproduce the Euler-Lagrange form and symplectic structure of the evolution equations for non-dissipative processes. In this work, we examine some demonstrative examples and compare thermodynamic and variational techniques. Then, we argue that, instead of searching for variational principles for dissipative systems, there is another viable programme: the second law alone can be an effective tool to construct evolution equations for both dissipative and non-dissipative processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fundamental aspects of nonequilibrium thermodynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ván
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege Miklós u. 29-33, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Montavid Thermodynamic Research Group, 1112 Budapest, Hungary
| | - R. Kovács
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege Miklós u. 29-33, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Montavid Thermodynamic Research Group, 1112 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Faraoni V, Côté J, Giusti A. Do solar system experiments constrain scalar-tensor gravity? THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2020; 80:132. [PMID: 32165858 PMCID: PMC7045786 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is now established that, contrary to common belief, (electro-)vacuum Brans-Dicke gravity does not reduce to general relativity (GR) for large values of the Brans-Dicke coupling ω . Since the essence of experimental tests of scalar-tensor gravity consists of providing lower bounds on ω , in light of the misguided assumption of the equivalence between the limit ω → ∞ and the GR limit of Brans-Dicke gravity, the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism on which these tests are based could be in jeopardy. We show that, in the linearized approximation used by the PPN formalism, the anomaly in the limit to general relativity disappears. However, it survives to second (and higher) order and in strong gravity. In other words, while the weak gravity regime cannot tell apart GR and ω → ∞ Brans-Dicke gravity, when higher order terms in the PPN analysis of Brans-Dicke gravity are included, the latter never reduces to the one of GR in this limit. This fact is relevant for experiments aiming to test second order light deflection and Shapiro time delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Faraoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z7 Canada
| | - Jeremy Côté
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z7 Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5 Canada
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z7 Canada
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16
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Banerjee I, Mandal B, SenGupta S. Does black hole continuum spectrum signal
f(R)
gravity in higher dimensions? Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.024013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Monitoring Jovian Orbital Resonances of a Spacecraft: Classical and Relativistic Effects. UNIVERSE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/universe5120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Orbital resonances continue to be one of the most difficult problems in celestial mechanics. They have been studied in connection with the so-called Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt for many years. On the other hand, resonant trans-Neptunian objects are also an active area of research in Solar System dynamics, as are the recently discovered resonances in extrasolar planetary systems. A careful monitoring of the trajectories of these objects is hindered by the small size of asteroids or the large distances of the trans-Neptunian bodies. In this paper, we propose a mission concept, called CHRONOS (after the greek god of time), in which a spacecraft could be sent to with the initial condition of resonance with Jupiter in order to study the future evolution of its trajectory. We show that radio monitoring of these trajectories could allow for a better understanding of the initial stages of the evolution of resonant trajectories and the associated relativistic effects.
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18
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Abstract
The Kerr black hole is studied within a modified theory of gravity, which adds the effects of vacuum fluctuations near a black hole. These vacuum fluctuations are treated as a dark energy. A parameter is introduced to account for these fluctuations. It is zero for the standard theory and acquires a maximal value, just before there would be no event horizon. The existence of an event horizon not only depends on the value of this parameter, but also on the spin of the black hole. In addition, we study the existence of a light-ring. We also elaborate on the relation of the appearance and vanishing of the event horizon and light-ring to phase transitions.
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Takeda H, Nishizawa A, Nagano K, Michimura Y, Komori K, Ando M, Hayama K. Prospects for gravitational-wave polarization tests from compact binary mergers with future ground-based detectors. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Tsujikawa S. Lunar laser ranging constraints on nonminimally coupled dark energy and standard sirens. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.043510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Kastha S, Gupta A, Arun K, Sathyaprakash B, Van Den Broeck C. Testing the multipole structure and conservative dynamics of compact binaries using gravitational wave observations: The spinning case. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.044007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Hyun YH, Kim Y, Lee S. Exact amplitudes of six polarization modes for gravitational waves. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.124002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The Geological Orrery is a network of geological records of orbitally paced climate designed to address the inherent limitations of solutions for planetary orbits beyond 60 million years ago due to the chaotic nature of Solar System motion. We use results from two scientific coring experiments in Early Mesozoic continental strata: the Newark Basin Coring Project and the Colorado Plateau Coring Project. We precisely and accurately resolve the secular fundamental frequencies of precession of perihelion of the inner planets and Jupiter for the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic epochs (223-199 million years ago) using the lacustrine record of orbital pacing tuned only to one frequency (1/405,000 years) as a geological interferometer. Excepting Jupiter's, these frequencies differ significantly from present values as determined using three independent techniques yielding practically the same results. Estimates for the precession of perihelion of the inner planets are robust, reflecting a zircon U-Pb-based age model and internal checks based on the overdetermined origins of the geologically measured frequencies. Furthermore, although not indicative of a correct solution, one numerical solution closely matches the Geological Orrery, with a very low probability of being due to chance. To determine the secular fundamental frequencies of the precession of the nodes of the planets and the important secular resonances with the precession of perihelion, a contemporaneous high-latitude geological archive recording obliquity pacing of climate is needed. These results form a proof of concept of the Geological Orrery and lay out an empirical framework to map the chaotic evolution of the Solar System.
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Abstract
We investigate the bounce realization in the framework of generalized modified gravities arising from Finsler and Finsler-like geometries. In particular, a richer intrinsic geometrical structure is reflected in the appearance of extra degrees of freedom in the Friedmann equations that can drive the bounce. We examine various Finsler and Finsler-like constructions. In the cases of general very special relativity, as well as of Finsler-like gravity on the tangent bundle, we show that a bounce cannot easily be obtained. However, in the Finsler–Randers space, induced scalar anisotropy can fulfil bounce conditions, and bouncing solutions are easily obtained. Finally, for the general class of theories that include a nonlinear connection, a new scalar field is induced, leading to a scalar–tensor structure that can easily drive a bounce. These features reveal the capabilities of Finsler and Finsler-like geometries.
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Abstract
A gravitational field model based on two symmetric tensors, g μ ν and g ˜ μ ν , is studied, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis with the most updated catalog of SN-Ia. In this model, new matter fields are added to the original matter fields, motivated by an additional symmetry ( δ ˜ symmetry). We call them δ ˜ matter fields. This theory predicts an accelerating Universe without the need to introduce a cosmological constant Λ by hand in the equations. We obtained a very good fit to the SN-Ia Data, and with this, we found the two free parameters of the theory called C and L 2 . With these values, we have fixed all the degrees of freedom in the model. The last H 0 local value measurement is in tension with the CMB Data from Planck. Based on an absolute magnitude M V = − 19.23 for the SN, Delta Gravity finds H 0 to be 74.47 ± 1.63 km/(s Mpc). This value is in concordance with the last measurement of the H 0 local value, 73.83 ± 1.48 km/(s Mpc).
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26
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Lin K, Zhao X, Zhang C, Liu T, Wang B, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhao W, Zhu T, Wang A. Gravitational waveforms, polarizations, response functions, and energy losses of triple systems in Einstein-aether theory. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.023010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Cardoso V, Kimura M, Maselli A, Senatore L. Black Holes in an Effective Field Theory Extension of General Relativity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:251105. [PMID: 30608822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.251105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective field theory methods suggest that some rather general extensions of general relativity include, or are mimicked by, certain higher-order curvature corrections, with coupling constants expected to be small but otherwise arbitrary. Thus, the tantalizing prospect to test the fundamental nature of gravity with gravitational-wave observations, in a systematic way, emerges naturally. Here, we build black hole solutions in such a framework and study their main properties. Once rotation is included, we find the first purely gravitational example of geometries without Z_{2} symmetry. Despite the higher-order operators of the theory, we show that linearized fluctuations of such geometries obey second-order differential equations. We find nonzero tidal Love numbers. We study and compute the quasinormal modes of such geometries. These results are of interest to gravitational-wave science but also potentially relevant for electromagnetic observations of the galactic center or x-ray binaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Cardoso
- CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal
- CERN 1 Esplanade des Particules, Geneva 23, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Masashi Kimura
- CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrea Maselli
- CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Senatore
- SITP and KIPAC, Department of Physics and SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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31
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Geiger R, Trupke M. Proposal for a Quantum Test of the Weak Equivalence Principle with Entangled Atomic Species. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:043602. [PMID: 29437443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experiment to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP) with a test mass consisting of two entangled atoms of different species. In the proposed experiment, a coherent measurement of the differential gravity acceleration between the two atomic species is considered, by entangling two atom interferometers operating on the two species. The entanglement between the two atoms is heralded at the initial beam splitter of the interferometers through the detection of a single photon emitted by either of the atoms, together with the impossibility of distinguishing which atom emitted the photon. In contrast to current and proposed tests of the WEP, our proposal explores the validity of the WEP in a regime where the two particles involved in the differential gravity acceleration measurement are not classically independent, but entangled. We propose an experimental implementation using ^{85}Rb and ^{87}Rb atoms entangled by a vacuum stimulated rapid adiabatic passage protocol implemented in a high-finesse optical cavity. We show that an accuracy below 10^{-7} on the Eötvös parameter can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Geiger
- LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, PSL Université Paris, CNRS, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Michael Trupke
- Vienna Center for Quantum science and technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, Research Platform TURIS, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Martins CJAP. The status of varying constants: a review of the physics, searches and implications. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:126902. [PMID: 28805650 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa860e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The observational evidence for the recent acceleration of the universe demonstrates that canonical theories of cosmology and particle physics are incomplete-if not incorrect-and that new physics is out there, waiting to be discovered. A key task for the next generation of laboratory and astrophysical facilities is to search for, identify and ultimately characterize this new physics. Here we highlight recent developments in tests of the stability of nature's fundamental couplings, which provide a direct handle on new physics: a detection of variations will be revolutionary, but even improved null results provide competitive constraints on a range of cosmological and particle physics paradigms. A joint analysis of all currently available data shows a preference for variations of α and μ at about the two-sigma level, but inconsistencies between different sub-sets (likely due to hidden systematics) suggest that these statistical preferences need to be taken with caution. On the other hand, these measurements strongly constrain Weak Equivalence Principle violations. Plans and forecasts for forthcoming studies with facilities such as ALMA, ESPRESSO and the ELT, which should clarify these issues, are also discussed, and synergies with other probes are briefly highlighted. The goal is to show how a new generation of precision consistency tests of the standard paradigm will soon become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J A P Martins
- Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
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Rothleitner C, Schlamminger S. Invited Review Article: Measurements of the Newtonian constant of gravitation, G. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:111101. [PMID: 29195410 PMCID: PMC8195032 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
By many accounts, the Newtonian constant of gravitation G is the fundamental constant that is most difficult to measure accurately. Over the past three decades, more than a dozen precision measurements of this constant have been performed. However, the scatter of the data points is much larger than the uncertainties assigned to each individual measurement, yielding a Birge ratio of about five. Today, G is known with a relative standard uncertainty of 4.7 × 10-5, which is several orders of magnitudes greater than the relative uncertainties of other fundamental constants. In this article, various methods to measure G are discussed. A large array of different instruments ranging from the simple torsion balance to the sophisticated atom interferometer can be used to determine G. Some instruments, such as the torsion balance can be used in several different ways. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of different instruments as well as different methods are discussed. A narrative arc from the historical beginnings of the different methods to their modern implementation is given. Finally, the article ends with a brief overview of the current state of the art and an outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rothleitner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Schlamminger
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Seybothstr. 2, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Cornish N, Blas D, Nardini G. Bounding the Speed of Gravity with Gravitational Wave Observations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:161102. [PMID: 29099221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.161102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The time delay between gravitational wave signals arriving at widely separated detectors can be used to place upper and lower bounds on the speed of gravitational wave propagation. Using a Bayesian approach that combines the first three gravitational wave detections reported by the LIGO Scientific and Virgo Collaborations we constrain the gravitational waves propagation speed c_{gw} to the 90% credible interval 0.55c<c_{gw}<1.42c, where c is the speed of light in vacuum. These bounds will improve as more detections are made and as more detectors join the worldwide network. Of order 20 detections by the two LIGO detectors will constrain the speed of gravity to within 20% of the speed of light, while just five detections by the LIGO-Virgo-Kagra network will constrain the speed of gravity to within 1% of the speed of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Cornish
- eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Diego Blas
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Germano Nardini
- AEC, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Nakamura S, Kase R, Tsujikawa S. Suppression of matter couplings with a vector field in generalized Proca theories. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.084005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kokkotas K, Konoplya R, Zhidenko A. Analytical approximation for the Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet black hole metric. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.064004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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De Felice A, Heisenberg L, Tsujikawa S. Observational constraints on generalized Proca theories. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.95.123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Heisenberg L, Kase R, Tsujikawa S. Absence of solid angle deficit singularities in beyond-generalized proca theories. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.123513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kopp M, Skordis C, Thomas DB. Extensive investigation of the generalized dark matter model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.94.043512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Loop Quantum Cosmology, Modified Gravity and Extra Dimensions. UNIVERSE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/universe2030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Barausse E, Yunes N, Chamberlain K. Theory-Agnostic Constraints on Black-Hole Dipole Radiation with Multiband Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:241104. [PMID: 27367380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.241104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aLIGO detection of the black-hole binary GW150914 opens a new era for probing extreme gravity. Many gravity theories predict the emission of dipole gravitational radiation by binaries. This is excluded to high accuracy in binary pulsars, but entire classes of theories predict this effect predominantly (or only) in binaries involving black holes. Joint observations of GW150914-like systems by aLIGO and eLISA will improve bounds on dipole emission from black-hole binaries by 6 orders of magnitude relative to current constraints, provided that eLISA is not dramatically descoped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Barausse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6 & CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolás Yunes
- eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Katie Chamberlain
- eXtreme Gravity Institute, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Wang ZY, Liu RY, Wang XY. Testing the Equivalence Principle and Lorentz Invariance with PeV Neutrinos from Blazar Flares. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:151101. [PMID: 27127950 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.151101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It was recently proposed that a giant flare of the blazar PKS B1424-418 at redshift z=1.522 is in association with a PeV-energy neutrino event detected by IceCube. Based on this association we here suggest that the flight time difference between the PeV neutrino and gamma-ray photons from blazar flares can be used to constrain the violations of equivalence principle and the Lorentz invariance for neutrinos. From the calculated Shapiro delay due to clusters or superclusters in the nearby universe, we find that violation of the equivalence principle for neutrinos and photons is constrained to an accuracy of at least 10^{-5}, which is 2 orders of magnitude tighter than the constraint placed by MeV neutrinos from supernova 1987A. Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) arises in various quantum-gravity theories, which predicts an energy-dependent velocity of propagation in vacuum for particles. We find that the association of the PeV neutrino with the gamma-ray outburst set limits on the energy scale of possible LIV to >0.01E_{pl} for linear LIV models and >6×10^{-8}E_{pl} for quadratic order LIV models, where E_{pl} is the Planck energy scale. These are the most stringent constraints on neutrino LIV for subluminal neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Deng XM, Xie Y. Solar System tests of a scalar-tensor gravity with a general potential: Insensitivity of light deflection and Cassini tracking. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.044013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kase R, Tsujikawa S, De Felice A. Cosmology with a successful Vainshtein screening in theories beyond Horndeski. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.024007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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He XT, Fattoyev FJ, Li BA, Newton WG. Shedding Light on the EOS-Gravity Degeneracy and Constraining the Nuclear Symmetry Energy from the Gravitational Binding Energy of Neutron Stars. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610907002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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