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Yousif E, Haddad R, El-Hiti GA, Yusop RM. Spectroscopic and photochemical stability of polystyrene films in the presence of metal complexes. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raghad Haddad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahimi M. Yusop
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Yang J, Wang D. Investigation on the overlapping bands of syndiotactic polystyrene by using 2D-IR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yousif E, Haddad R. Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: review. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:398. [PMID: 25674392 PMCID: PMC4320144 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation may cause the significant degradation of many materials. UV radiation causes photooxidative degradation which results in breaking of the polymer chains, produces free radical and reduces the molecular weight, causing deterioration of mechanical properties and leading to useless materials, after an unpredictable time. Polystyrene (PS), one of the most important material in the modern plastic industry, has been used all over the world, due to its excellent physical properties and low-cost. When polystyrene is subjected to UV irradiation in the presence of air, it undergoes a rapid yellowing and a gradual embrittlement. The mechanism of PS photolysis in the solid state (film) depends on the mobility of free radicals in the polymer matrix and their bimolecular recombination. Free hydrogen radicals diffuse very easily through the polymer matrix and combine in pairs or abstract hydrogen atoms from polymer molecule. Phenyl radical has limited mobility. They may abstract hydrogen from the near surrounding or combine with a polymer radical or with hydrogen radicals. Almost all synthetic polymers require stabilization against adverse environmental effects. It is necessary to find a means to reduce or prevent damage induced by environmental components such as heat, light or oxygen. The photostabilization of polymers may be achieved in many ways. The following stabilizing systems have been developed, which depend on the action of stabilizer: (1) light screeners, (2) UV absorbers, (3) excited-state quenchers, (4) peroxide decomposers, and (5) free radical scavengers; of these, it is generally believed that excited-state quenchers, peroxide decomposers, and free radical scavengers are the most effective. Research into degradation and ageing of polymers is extremely intensive and new materials are being synthesized with a pre-programmed lifetime. New stabilizers are becoming commercially available although their modes of action are sometimes not thoroughly elucidated. They target the many possible ways of polymer degradation: thermolysis, thermooxidation, photolysis, photooxidation, radiolysis etc. With the goal to increase lifetime of a particular polymeric material, two aspects of degradation are of particular importance: Storage conditions, and Addition of appropriate stabilizers. A profound knowledge of degradation mechanisms is needed to achieve the goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raghad Haddad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Dembna A, Venditto V, Albunia AR, Califano R, Guerra G. Sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene: sorption of ionic liquid in the amorphous phase and of organic guests in the crystalline phase. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Dembna
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering; Poznan University of Technology (Politechnika Poznańska); Pl. Sklodowskiej-Curie 2 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Vincenzo Venditto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, NANO_MATES Research Centre and INSTM Research Unit; Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | | | - Rosa Califano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, NANO_MATES Research Centre and INSTM Research Unit; Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, NANO_MATES Research Centre and INSTM Research Unit; Università degli Studi di Salerno; Via Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano Italy
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Ajiro H, Beckerle K, Okuda J, Akashi M. Layer-by-layer assembly of partially sulfonated isotactic polystyrene with poly(vinylamine). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5372-5378. [PMID: 22390169 DOI: 10.1021/la300627q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The stereoregular synthetic polymer isotactic polystyrene bearing partially sulfonated groups (SiPS) was used as a layer-by-layer assembled thin film for the first time. When a low molecular weight compound was employed as the pair for the alternative layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, the frequency shift was very small using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis, whereas poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) formed an effective pair for the construction of LbL films with SiPS. When it was neutralized, SiPS was not assembled, probably due to the loss of effective polymer-polymer interactions. The ionic strength conditions revealed a slight difference of the assembly behavior on the isotactic polymer as compared to the atactic one. The assembled LbL film showed the same peaks over the range from 1141 to 1227 cm(-1) and 700 cm(-1) in the FT-IR/ATR spectra as the bulk complex of SiPS/PVAm, and the thickness on one side was calculated at 76 nm by QCM analysis. The surface roughness of the film was also observed by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Ajiro
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Daniel C, Montefusco T, Rizzo P, Musto P, Guerra G. Crystallization from the amorphous form of the nanoporous ɛ form of syndiotactic polystyrene. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Molecular sensing by nanoporous crystalline polymers. SENSORS 2009; 9:9816-57. [PMID: 22303150 PMCID: PMC3267198 DOI: 10.3390/s91209816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemical sensors are generally based on the integration of suitable sensitive layers and transducing mechanisms. Although inorganic porous materials can be effective, there is significant interest in the use of polymeric materials because of their easy fabrication process, lower costs and mechanical flexibility. However, porous polymeric absorbents are generally amorphous and hence present poor molecular selectivity and undesired changes of mechanical properties as a consequence of large analyte uptake. In this contribution the structure, properties and some possible applications of sensing polymeric films based on nanoporous crystalline phases, which exhibit all identical nanopores, will be reviewed. The main advantages of crystalline nanoporous polymeric materials with respect to their amorphous counterparts are, besides a higher selectivity, the ability to maintain their physical state as well as geometry, even after large guest uptake (up to 10-15 wt%), and the possibility to control guest diffusivity by controlling the orientation of the host polymeric crystalline phase. The final section of the review also describes the ability of suitable polymeric films to act as chirality sensors, i.e., to sense and memorize the presence of non-racemic volatile organic compounds.
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Albunia AR, Annunziata L, Guerra G. Guest-Induced Syndiotactic Polystyrene Cocrystal Formation from γ and α Phases. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7026275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Albunia
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Loredana Annunziata
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Chimica and INSTM Research Unit, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Rizzo P, D'Aniello C, De Girolamo Del Mauro A, Guerra G. Thermal Transitions of ε Crystalline Phases of Syndiotactic Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma071640q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Concetta D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna De Girolamo Del Mauro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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D'Aniello C, Musto P, Venditto V, Guerra G. Photoisomerization patterns based on molecular complex phases of syndiotactic polystyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b613195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mensitieri G, Larobina D, Guerra G, Venditto V, Fermeglia M, Pricl S. Chloroform sorption in nanoporous crystalline and amorphous phases of syndiotactic polystyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Albunia AR, Musto P, Guerra G. FTIR spectra of pure helical crystalline phases of syndiotactic polystyrene. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rizzo P, Spatola A, De Girolamo Del Mauro A, Guerra G. Polymeric Films with Three Different Uniplanar Crystalline Phase Orientations. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051247p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Anna Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Anna De Girolamo Del Mauro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
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Venditto V, Milano G, De Girolamo Del Mauro A, Guerra G, Mochizuki J, Itagaki H. Orientation and Microenvironment of Naphthalene Guest in the Host Nanoporous Phase of Syndiotactic Polystyrene. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047863n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rizzo P, Della Guardia S, Guerra G. Perpendicular Chain Axis Orientation in s-PS Films: Achievement by Guest-Induced Clathrate Formation and Maintenance after Transitions toward Helical and Trans-Planar Polymorphic Forms. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049616p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende 84081-Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Sofia Della Guardia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende 84081-Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gaetano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via S. Allende 84081-Baronissi (Salerno), Italy
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