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Schroer MA, Hu PS, Tomasovicova N, Batkova M, Zakutanska K, Wu PY, Kopcansky P. Dependence of the Nanoscale Composite Morphology of Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticle-Infused Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils on Timing of Infusion: A Combined SAXS and AFM Study. Molecules 2021; 26:4864. [PMID: 34443453 PMCID: PMC8399528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the formation process and the spatial distribution of nanoparticle (NP) clusters on amyloid fibrils is an essential step for the development of NP-based methods to inhibit aggregation of amyloidal proteins or reverse the assembling trend of the proto-fibrillary complexes that prompts pathogenesis of neuro degeneration. For this, a detailed structural determination of the diverse hybrid assemblies that are forming is needed, which can be achieved by advanced X-ray scattering techniques. Using a combined solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) approach, this study investigates the intrinsic trends of the interaction between lysozyme amyloid fibrils (LAFs) and Fe3O4 NPs before and after fibrillization at nanometer resolution. AFM images reveal that the number of NP clusters interacting with the lysozyme fibers does not increase significantly with NP volume concentration, suggesting a saturation in NP aggregation on the fibrillary surface. The data indicate that the number of non-adsorbed Fe3O4 NPs is highly dependent on the timing of NP infusion within the synthesis process. SAXS data yield access to the spatial distribution, aggregation manner and density of NP clusters on the fibrillary surfaces. Employing modern data analysis approaches, the shape and internal structural morphology of the so formed nanocomposites are revealed. The combined experimental approach suggests that while Fe3O4 NPs infusion does not prevent the fibril-formation, the variation of NP concentration and size at different stages of the fibrillization process can impose a pronounced impact on the superficial and internal structural morphologies of these nanocomposites. These findings may be applicable in devising advanced therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and designing novel bio-inorganic magnetic devices. Our results further demonstrate that modern X-ray methods give access to the structure of-and insight into the formation process of-biological-inorganic hybrid structures in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Po-Sheng Hu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan;
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan
| | - Natalia Tomasovicova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (M.B.); (K.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Marianna Batkova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (M.B.); (K.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Zakutanska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (M.B.); (K.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Po-Yi Wu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan;
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (M.B.); (K.Z.); (P.K.)
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Investigating an increase in Florida manatee mortalities using a proteomic approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4282. [PMID: 33608577 PMCID: PMC7895937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large-scale Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) mortality episodes were reported on separate coasts of Florida in 2013. The east coast mortality episode was associated with an unknown etiology in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). The west coast mortality episode was attributed to a persistent Karenia brevis algal bloom or 'red tide' centered in Southwest Florida. Manatees from the IRL also had signs of cold stress. To investigate these two mortality episodes, two proteomic experiments were performed, using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) LC-MS/MS. Manatees from the IRL displayed increased levels of several proteins in their serum samples compared to controls, including kininogen-1 isoform 1, alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunen precursor, histidine-rich glycoprotein, properdin, and complement C4-A isoform 1. In the red tide group, the following proteins were increased: ceruloplasmin, pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 isoform 3, angiotensinogen, complement C4-A isoform 1, and complement C3. These proteins are associated with acute-phase response, amyloid formation and accumulation, copper and iron homeostasis, the complement cascade pathway, and other important cellular functions. The increased level of complement C4 protein observed in the red tide group was confirmed through the use of Western Blot.
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Interaction of lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I with cholesterol revealed by molecular modeling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140614. [PMID: 33548491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the modeling of the interaction of differently self-associated lipid-free apoA-I with cholesterol monomer and tail-to-tail (TT) or face-to-face (FF) cholesterol dimer. Cholesterol dimerization is exploited to reconcile the existing experimental data on cholesterol binding to apoA-I with extremely low critical micelle concentration of cholesterol. Two crystal structures of 1-43 N-truncated apolipoprotein Δ(1-43)A-I tetramer (PDB ID: 1AV1, structure B), 185-243 C-truncated apolipoprotein Δ(185-243)A-I dimer (PDB ID: 3R2P, structure M) were analyzed. Cholesterol monomers bind to multiple binding sites in apoA-I monomer, dimer and tetramer with low, moderate and high energy (-10 to -28 kJ/mol with Schrödinger package), still insufficient to overcome the thermodynamic restriction by cholesterol micellization (-52.8 kJ/mol). The binding sites partially coincide with the putative cholesterol-binding motifs. However, apoA-I monomer and dimer existing in structure B, that contain nonoverlapping and non-interacting pairs of binding sites with high affinity for TT and FF cholesterol dimers, can bind in common 14 cholesterol molecules that correspond to existing values. ApoA-I monomer and dimer in structure M can bind in common 6 cholesterol molecules. The values of respective total energy of cholesterol binding up to 64.5 and 67.0 kJ/mol for both B and M structures exceed the free energy of cholesterol micellization. We hypothesize that cholesterol dimers may simultaneously interact with extracellular monomer and dimer of lipid-free apoA-I, that accumulate at acid pH in atheroma. The thermodynamically allowed apolipoprotein-cholesterol interaction outside the macrophage may represent a new mechanism of cholesterol transport by apoA-I from atheroma, in addition to ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
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Dziedzic A, Miller E, Bijak M, Przyslo L, Saluk-Bijak J. Increased Pro-Thrombotic Platelet Activity Associated with Thrombin/PAR1-Dependent Pathway Disorder in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207722. [PMID: 33086557 PMCID: PMC7589910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies confirm the high risk of ischemic events in multiple sclerosis (MS) that are associated with increased pro-thrombotic activity of blood platelets. The most potent physiological platelet agonist is thrombin, which activates platelets via cleavage of specific protease-activated receptors (PARs). Our current study is aimed to determine the potential genetics and proteomic abnormalities of PAR1 in both platelets and megakaryocytes, which may have thromboembolic consequences in the course of MS. The obtained results were correlated with the expression level of platelet and megakaryocyte transcripts for APOA1 and A2M genes encoding atherosclerosis biomarkers: apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and α-2-macroglobulin (α2M), respectively. Moreover, PAR1 functionality in MS platelets was assessed by flow cytometry, determining the level of platelet–platelet and platelet–leukocyte aggregates, platelet microparticles and surface expression of P-selectin. As a PAR1 agonist, the synthetic TRAP-6 peptide was used, which made it possible to achieve platelet activation in whole blood without triggering clotting. Comparative analyses showed an elevated level of platelet activation markers in the blood of MS patients compared to controls. The mRNA expression of gene coding α2M was upregulated, whilst ApoA1 was down-regulated, both in platelets and megakaryocytes from MS patients. Furthermore, we observed an increase in both mRNA expression and surface density of PAR1 in platelets and megakaryocytes in MS compared to controls. Both the level of platelet activation markers and PAR1 expression showed a high correlation with the expression of transcripts for APOA1 and A2M genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Przyslo
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Research Institute of Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-42-635-4336
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Comparison of Patterns of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Heart Failure by Cardiac Amyloidosis Status. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2020; 27:31-35. [PMID: 33008788 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study is to characterize the pattern and the severity of coronary artery lesions in cardiac amyloidosis. METHODS We retrospectively compared patients with heart failure who tested positive (i.e., biopsy or gene tests - HF/CA+) against those who tested negative (HF/CA-) for cardiac amyloidosis. Groups were compared demographically and angiographically for qualitative and quantitative variables to determine patterns of involvement in the major epicardial coronary vessels. RESULTS The study included 110 heart failure patients, of whom 55 patients (88 lesions) were in the HF/CA+ group, and 55 patients (66 lesions) were HF/CA-. Despite the advanced age of HF/CA+ patients (74.5 ± 11.0 years vs. 54.1 ± 15.0 years; p = 0.05), no severe calcification was found in the HF/CA+ group (0.0% vs. 4.5%; p = 0.018). The HF/CA+ group also had fewer ostial lesions (3.4% vs. 15.1%; p = 0.0095) and a higher, albeit not significant, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count (30.4 ± 12.6 vs. 26.6 ± 11 frames; p = 0.06). In the HF/CA+ group, men had a significant number of tandem lesions compared to women (14.5% vs 0.0%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Overall, heart failure patients with cardiac amyloidosis were older but were found to have less calcified lesions, less ostial involvement, and a reduced anterograde coronary blood flow. This is the first report examining coronary lesions in heart failure patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
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Dergunov AD, Litvinov DY, Malkov AA, Baserova VB, Nosova EV, Dergunova LV. Denaturation of human plasma high-density lipoproteins by urea studied by apolipoprotein A-I dissociation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158814. [PMID: 32961276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the mechanism of HDL denaturation with concomitant apoA-I dissociation with HDL preparations from 48 patients with a wide range of plasma HDL-C and evaluated the contribution of lipid-free apoA-I into cholesterol efflux from macrophage, in particular, mediated by cholesterol transporter ABCA1. We prepared HDL by precipitation of apoB-containing lipoproteins by polyethylene glycol and used the chaotropic agent urea to denature HDL preparations. Apo-I dissociation from urea-treated HDL was assessed by the increase of preβ-band fraction with agarose gel electrophoresis followed by electro transfer and immunodetection and by the increase of ABCA1-mediated efflux of fluorescent analogue BODIPY-Cholesterol from RAW 264.7 macrophages. The HDL denaturation is governed by a single transition to fully dissociated apoA-I and the transition cooperativity decreases with increasing HDL-C. The apoA-I release depends on phospholipid concentration of HDL preparation and HDL compositional and structural heterogeneity and is well described by apolipoprotein partition between aqueous and lipid phases. Dissociated apoA-I determines the increase of ABCA1-mediated efflux of BODIPY-Cholesterol from RAW 264.7 macrophages to patient HDL. The increase in apoA-I dissociation is associated with the increase of ABCA1 gene transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients. The low level of plasma HDL particles may be compensated by their increased potency for apoA-I release, thus suggesting apoA-I dissociation as a new HDL functional property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Y Litvinov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Malkov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika B Baserova
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Nosova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V Dergunova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Ciccone L, Shi C, di Lorenzo D, Van Baelen AC, Tonali N. The Positive Side of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Cross-Interactions: The Case of the Aβ 1-42 Peptide with Tau, TTR, CysC, and ApoA1. Molecules 2020; 25:E2439. [PMID: 32456156 PMCID: PMC7288020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a progressive amyloidogenic disorder whose advancement is widely recognized to be connected to amyloid-β peptides and Tau aggregation. However, several other processes likely contribute to the development of AD and some of them might be related to protein-protein interactions. Amyloid aggregates usually contain not only single type of amyloid protein, but also other type of proteins and this phenomenon can be rationally explained by the process of protein cross-seeding and co-assembly. Amyloid cross-interaction is ubiquitous in amyloid fibril formation and so a better knowledge of the amyloid interactome could help to further understand the mechanisms of amyloid related diseases. In this review, we discuss about the cross-interactions of amyloid-β peptides, and in particular Aβ1-42, with other amyloids, which have been presented either as integrated part of Aβ neurotoxicity process (such as Tau) or conversely with a preventive role in AD pathogenesis by directly binding to Aβ (such as transthyretin, cystatin C and apolipoprotein A1). Particularly, we will focus on all the possible therapeutic strategies aiming to rescue the Aβ toxicity by taking inspiration from these protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chenghui Shi
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 5, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.S.); (D.d.L.)
| | - Davide di Lorenzo
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 5, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.S.); (D.d.L.)
| | - Anne-Cécile Van Baelen
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 5, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.S.); (D.d.L.)
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Hu PS, Tomasovicova N, Chou HJ, Li MC, Vojtko M, Zakutanska K, Majorosova J, Chen SJ, Kopcansky P. Hyperthermia Induced by Near-Infrared Laser-Irradiated CsWO 3 Nanoparticles Disintegrates Preformed Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030442. [PMID: 32121458 PMCID: PMC7152989 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research study attempts to prove the concept of the applicability of hyperthermia to treating the lysozyme amyloid fibrils (LAF)'s self-assembled fibrillary aggregates by a feedback-modulated temperature controller ranging from 26 °C to 80 °C, and separately, by near-infrared (NIR) laser-irradiated cesium tungstate (CsWO3) nanoparticle (NPs). The dependence of the final morphology of the amyloidal assembly on external heating and the photothermal effect of the NPs on treating the fibrillary assembly were investigated and analyzed. Experimentally, atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical stereoscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used primarily to ensure mutual interaction between LAF and NPs, optically elucidate the surface contour and final fibrillary assembly upon the influence of thermal treatment, and further reveal fine-details of the optical samples. Finally, conclusive remarks are drawn that the fibrillary structures doped with the NPs exhibit an increasing degree of unique orthogonality. As the temperature rises, utter deformation of the dendritic structures of fibrillary assemblies at 70 °C was found, and NIR laser-irradiated CsWO3 NPs have been demonstrated to be useful in topically destructing pre-assembled LAFs, which may be conducive to the future development of neurodegenerative therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Hu
- Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.:+886-910-361-359
| | - Natalia Tomasovicova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (K.Z.); (J.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Hsiu-Jen Chou
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Meng-Chang Li
- Institute of Lighting and Energy Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (M.-C.L.)
| | - Marek Vojtko
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Katarina Zakutanska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (K.Z.); (J.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Jozefina Majorosova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (K.Z.); (J.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Tainan City 71150, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia; (N.T.); (K.Z.); (J.M.); (P.K.)
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Coffey AR, Kanke M, Smallwood TL, Albright J, Pitman W, Gharaibeh RZ, Hua K, Gertz E, Biddinger SB, Temel RE, Pomp D, Sethupathy P, Bennett BJ. microRNA-146a-5p association with the cardiometabolic disease risk factor TMAO. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:59-71. [PMID: 30633643 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00079.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a microbial choline metabolism byproduct that is processed in the liver and excreted into circulation, is associated with increased atherosclerotic lesion formation and cardiovascular disease risk. Genetic regulators of TMAO levels are largely unknown. In the present study, we used 288 mice from a genetically heterogeneous mouse population [Diversity Outbred (DO)] to determine hepatic microRNA associations with TMAO in the context of an atherogenic diet. We also validated findings in two additional animal models of atherosclerosis: liver-specific insulin receptor knockout mice fed a chow diet (LIRKO) and African green monkeys fed high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Small RNA-sequencing analysis in DO mice, LIRKO mice, and African green monkeys identified only one hepatic microRNA (miR-146a-5p) that is aberrantly expressed across all three models. Moreover, miR-146a-5p levels are associated with circulating TMAO after atherogenic diet in each of these models. We also performed high-resolution genetic mapping and identified a novel quantitative trait locus on Chromosome 12 for TMAO levels. This interval includes two genes, Numb and Dlst, which are inversely correlated with both miR-146a and TMAO and are predicted targets of miR-146a. Both of these genes have been validated as direct targets of miR-146a, though in other cellular contexts. This is the first report to our knowledge of a link between miR-146 and TMAO. Our findings suggest that miR-146-5p, as well as one or more genes at the Chromosome 12 QTL (possibly Numb or Dlst), is strongly linked to TMAO levels and likely involved in the control of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha R Coffey
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Tangi L Smallwood
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jody Albright
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Wendy Pitman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina , Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Kunjie Hua
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Erik Gertz
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Davis, California
| | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan E Temel
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Brian J Bennett
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Obesity and Metabolism Unit, Davis, California
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Witkowski A, Carta S, Lu R, Yokoyama S, Rubartelli A, Cavigiolio G. Oxidation of methionine residues in human apolipoprotein A-I generates a potent pro-inflammatory molecule. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3634-3646. [PMID: 30635405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposits of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and inflammation are common in atherosclerotic arteries. In this study, we investigated the interplay between oxidation of apoA-I methionine residues (Met(O)-ApoA-I), a known amyloidogenic modification of apoA-I, and the inflammatory response of immune cells. Soluble pre-fibrillar Met(O)-ApoA-I, but not apoA-I, induced intracellular accumulation of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IL-6 in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and human primary monocytes. Additionally, secretion of mature IL-1β was also activated in human monocytes. The pro-inflammatory activity of Met(O)-ApoA-I was Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent and CD36-independent and was solely determined by oxidation of apoA-I methionine residues, in particular Met-86 and Met-148. In contrast, amyloid fibrils or reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) generated from Met(O)-ApoA-I did not induce cytokine production in BMDMs. Although lipid-free Met(O)-ApoA-I remained functional in extracting lipids from cells and generating HDL, it gained strong pro-inflammatory properties that may aggravate local inflammation in the arteries and atherosclerosis. Our study indicates that oxidation of apoA-I methionine residues produces a potent danger-associated molecular pattern capable of stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion at levels similar to those induced by known pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witkowski
- From the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Sonia Carta
- the Cell Biology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy, and
| | - Rui Lu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- the Cell Biology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy, and
| | - Giorgio Cavigiolio
- From the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609,
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11
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Ramella NA, Andújar I, Ríos JL, Rosú SA, Tricerri MA, Schinella GR. Human apolipoprotein A-I Gly26Arg stimulation of inflammatory responses via NF-kB activation: Potential roles in amyloidosis? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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12
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Townsend D, Hughes E, Akien G, Stewart KL, Radford SE, Rochester D, Middleton DA. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate remodels apolipoprotein A-I amyloid fibrils into soluble oligomers in the presence of heparin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12877-12893. [PMID: 29853648 PMCID: PMC6102129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposits of WT apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein, accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques where they may contribute to coronary artery disease by increasing plaque burden and instability. Using CD analysis, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and transmission EM, we report here a surprising cooperative effect of heparin and the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a known inhibitor and modulator of amyloid formation, on apoA-I fibrils. We found that heparin, a proxy for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides that co-localize ubiquitously with amyloid in vivo, accelerates the rate of apoA-I formation from monomeric protein and associates with insoluble fibrils. Mature, insoluble apoA-I fibrils bound EGCG (KD = 30 ± 3 μm; Bmax = 40 ± 3 μm), but EGCG did not alter the kinetics of apoA-I amyloid assembly from monomer in the presence or absence of heparin. EGCG selectively increased the mobility of specific backbone and side-chain sites of apoA-I fibrils formed in the absence of heparin, but the fibrils largely retained their original morphology and remained insoluble. By contrast, fibrils formed in the presence of heparin were mobilized extensively by the addition of equimolar EGCG, and the fibrils were remodeled into soluble 20-nm-diameter oligomers with a largely α-helical structure that were nontoxic to human umbilical artery endothelial cells. These results argue for a protective effect of EGCG on apoA-I amyloid associated with atherosclerosis and suggest that EGCG-induced remodeling of amyloid may be tightly regulated by GAGs and other amyloid co-factors in vivo, depending on EGCG bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB
| | - Eleri Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB
| | - Geoffrey Akien
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB
| | - Katie L Stewart
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - David Rochester
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB
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13
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Dogan S, Paulus M, Forov Y, Weis C, Kampmann M, Cewe C, Kiesel I, Degen P, Salmen P, Rehage H, Tolan M. Human Apolipoprotein A1 at Solid/Liquid and Liquid/Gas Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3953-3960. [PMID: 29488751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An X-ray reflectivity study on the adsorption behavior of human apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) at hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces is presented. It is shown that the protein interacts via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with the interfaces, resulting in the absorption of the protein. pH dependent measurements at the solid/liquid interface between silicon dioxide and aqueous protein solution show that in a small pH range between pH 4 and 6, adsorption is increased due to electrostatic attraction. Here, the native shape of the protein seems to be conserved. In contrast, the adsorption at the liquid/gas interface is mainly driven by hydrophobic effects, presumably by extending the hydrophobic regions of the amphipathic helices, and results in a conformational change of the protein during adsorption. However, the addition of differently charged membrane-forming lipids at the liquid/gas interface illustrates the ability of apoA1 to include lipids, resulting in a depletion of the lipids from the interface.
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14
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Witkowski A, Chan GKL, Boatz JC, Li NJ, Inoue AP, Wong JC, van der Wel PCA, Cavigiolio G. Methionine oxidized apolipoprotein A-I at the crossroads of HDL biogenesis and amyloid formation. FASEB J 2018; 32:3149-3165. [PMID: 29401604 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701127r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) shares with other exchangeable apolipoproteins a high level of structural plasticity. In the lipid-free state, the apolipoprotein amphipathic α-helices interact intra- and intermolecularly, providing structural stabilization by self-association. We have reported that lipid-free apoA-I becomes amyloidogenic upon physiologically relevant (myeloperoxidase-mediated) Met oxidation. In this study, we established that Met oxidation promotes amyloidogenesis by reducing the stability of apoA-I monomers and irreversibly disrupting self-association. The oxidized apoA-I monomers also exhibited increased cellular cholesterol release capacity and stronger association with macrophages, compared to nonoxidized apoA-I. Of physiologic relevance, preformed oxidized apoA-I amyloid fibrils induced amyloid formation in nonoxidized apoA-I. This process was enhanced when self-association of nonoxidized apoA-I was disrupted by thermal treatment. Solid state NMR analysis revealed that aggregates formed by seeded nonoxidized apoA-I were structurally similar to those formed by the oxidized protein, featuring a β-structure-rich amyloid fold alongside α-helices retained from the native state. In atherosclerotic lesions, the conditions that promote apoA-I amyloid formation are readily available: myeloperoxidase, active oxygen species, low pH, and high concentration of lipid-free apoA-I. Our results suggest that even partial Met oxidation of apoA-I can nucleate amyloidogenesis, thus sequestering and inactivating otherwise antiatherogenic and HDL-forming apoA-I.-Witkowski, A., Chan, G. K. L., Boatz, J. C., Li, N. J., Inoue, A. P., Wong, J. C., van der Wel, P. C. A., Cavigiolio, G. Methionine oxidized apolipoprotein A-I at the crossroads of HDL biogenesis and amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witkowski
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Gary K L Chan
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Boatz
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy J Li
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Ayuka P Inoue
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jaclyn C Wong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
| | | | - Giorgio Cavigiolio
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI), Oakland, California, USA
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15
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Krishnamoorthy A, Tavoosi N, Chan GKL, Liu J, Ren G, Cavigiolio G, Ryan RO. Effect of curcumin on amyloid-like aggregates generated from methionine-oxidized apolipoprotein A-I. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:302-310. [PMID: 29435420 PMCID: PMC5794470 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic phytonutrient that has antineurodegenerative properties. In this study, we investigated the anti‐amyloidogenic properties of curcumin. Following incubation with curcumin, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission of apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I was strongly quenched. At the same time, curcumin fluorescence emission was enhanced. The fluorescence emission spectra of curcumin in the presence of amyloid‐like aggregates formed by methionine‐oxidized (ox) apoA‐I varied, depending on whether curcumin was added before, or after, aggregate formation. The impact of curcumin on the structure of the aggregating material was revealed by the lower amount of β‐structure in ox‐apoA‐I amyloid‐like aggregates formed in the presence of curcumin, compared to aggregates formed without curcumin. However, the kinetics of ox‐apoA‐I amyloid‐like aggregate formation was not altered by the presence of curcumin. Moreover, electron microscopy analysis detected no discernable differences in amyloid morphology when ox‐apoA‐I amyloid‐like aggregates were formed in the presence or absence of curcumin. In conclusion, curcumin interacts with apoA‐I and alters the structure of ox‐apoA‐I amyloid‐like aggregates yet does not diminish the propensity of ox‐apoA‐I to form aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Narjes Tavoosi
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute CA USA.,Present address: Department of Biotechnology College of Science University of Tehran Iran
| | - Gary K L Chan
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute CA USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory The Molecular Foundry Berkeley CA USA
| | - Gang Ren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory The Molecular Foundry Berkeley CA USA
| | | | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley CA USA.,Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute CA USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nevada Reno NV USA
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16
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Molina-Sánchez P, Jorge I, Martinez-Pinna R, Blanco-Colio LM, Tarin C, Torres-Fonseca MM, Esteban M, Laustsen J, Ramos-Mozo P, Calvo E, Lopez JA, Ceniga MVD, Michel JB, Egido J, Andrés V, Vazquéz J, Meilhac O, Burillo E, Lindholt JS, Martin-Ventura JL. ApoA-I/HDL-C levels are inversely associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm progression. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:1335-46. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) evolution is unpredictable, and there is no therapy except surgery for patients with an aortic size > 5 cm (large AAA). We aimed to identify new potential biomarkers that could facilitate prognosis and treatment of patients with AAA. A differential quantitative proteomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in AAA patients at different stages of evolution [small AAA (aortic size=3�5cm) vs large AAA] using iTRAQ labelling, highthroughput nano-LC-MS/MS and a novel multi-layered statistical model. Among the proteins identified, ApoA-I was decreased in patients with large AAA compared to those with small AAA. These results were validated by ELISA on plasma samples from small (n=90) and large AAA (n=26) patients (150 ± 3 vs 133 ± 5 mg/dl, respectively, p< 0.001). ApoA-I levels strongly correlated with HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration (r=0.9, p< 0.001) and showed a negative correlation with aortic size (r=-0.4, p< 0.01) and thrombus volume (r=-0.3, p< 0.01), which remained significant after adjusting for traditional risk factors. In a prospective study, HDL-C independently predicted aneurysmal growth rate in multiple linear regression analysis (n=122, p=0.008) and was inversely associated with need for surgical repair (Adjusted hazard ratio: 0.18, 95 % confidence interval: 0.04�0.74, p=0.018). In a nation-wide Danish registry, we found lower mean HDL-C concentration in large AAA patients (n=6,560) compared with patients with aorto-iliac occlusive disease (n=23,496) (0.89 ± 2.99 vs 1.59 ± 5.74 mmol/l, p< 0.001). Finally, reduced mean aortic AAA diameter was observed in AngII-infused mice treated with ApoA-I mimetic peptide compared with saline-injected controls. In conclusion, ApoAI/ HDL-C systemic levels are negatively associated with AAA evolution. Therapies targeting HDL functionality could halt AAA formation.
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17
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Townsend D, Hughes E, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Baldock S, Madine J, Middleton DA. Heparin and Methionine Oxidation Promote the Formation of Apolipoprotein A-I Amyloid Comprising α-Helical and β-Sheet Structures. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1632-1644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Eleri Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Rohanah Hussain
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England
| | - Sarah Baldock
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian Madine
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute
of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Middleton
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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18
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Jayaraman S, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Gursky O. Triglyceride increase in the core of high-density lipoproteins augments apolipoprotein dissociation from the surface: Potential implications for treatment of apolipoprotein deposition diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:200-210. [PMID: 27768903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids in the body are transported via lipoproteins that are nanoparticles comprised of lipids and amphipathic proteins termed apolipoproteins. This family of lipid surface-binding proteins is over-represented in human amyloid diseases. In particular, all major proteins of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including apoA-I, apoA-II and serum amyloid A, can cause systemic amyloidoses in humans upon protein mutations, post-translational modifications or overproduction. Here, we begin to explore how the HDL lipid composition influences amyloid deposition by apoA-I and related proteins. First, we summarize the evidence that, in contrast to lipoproteins that are stabilized by kinetic barriers, free apolipoproteins are labile to misfolding and proteolysis. Next, we report original biochemical and biophysical studies showing that increase in triglyceride content in the core of plasma or reconstituted HDL destabilizes the lipoprotein assembly, making it more labile to various perturbations (oxidation, thermal and chemical denaturation and enzymatic hydrolysis), and promotes apoA-I release in a lipid-poor/free aggregation-prone form. Together, the results suggest that decreasing plasma levels of triglycerides will shift the dynamic equilibrium from the lipid-poor/free (labile) to the HDL-bound (protected) apolipoprotein state, thereby decreasing the generation of the protein precursor of amyloid. This prompts us to propose that triglyceride-lowering therapies may provide a promising strategy to alleviate amyloid diseases caused by the deposition of HDL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Gursky
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
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19
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Sakata N, Hoshii Y, Nakamura T, Kiyama M, Arai H, Omoto M, Morimatsu M, Ishihara T. Colocalization of Apolipoprotein AI in Various Kinds of Systemic Amyloidosis. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 53:237-42. [PMID: 15684336 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6387.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), a major component of high-density lipoproteins, is one of the major amyloid fibril proteins and a minor constituent of the senile plaques observed in Alzheimer's disease. We examined colocalization of apoAI in various kinds of systemic amyloidosis in this study. Forty-three of 48 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded heart specimens with various forms of systemic amyloidosis reacted immunohistochemically with anti-human apoAI antibody. ApoAI was also detected in water-extracted amyloid material by immunoblotting. In addition, we observed colocalization of apoAI and murine amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis in human apoAI transgenic mice. This is the first report of colocalization of apoAI with amyloid deposits in various forms of human systemic amyloidosis and murine AA amyloidosis in human apoAI transgenic mice. ApoAI may not always be a major component of amyloid fibrils, even when it is present in systemic amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Sakata
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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20
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Chan GKL, Witkowski A, Gantz DL, Zhang TO, Zanni MT, Jayaraman S, Cavigiolio G. Myeloperoxidase-mediated Methionine Oxidation Promotes an Amyloidogenic Outcome for Apolipoprotein A-I. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10958-71. [PMID: 25759391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) correlate with cardiovascular health, whereas dysfunctional apoA-I is a cause of atherosclerosis. In the atherosclerotic plaques, amyloid deposition increases with aging. Notably, apoA-I is the main component of these amyloids. Recent studies identified high levels of oxidized lipid-free apoA-I in atherosclerotic plaques. Likely, myeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by activated macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions is the promoter of such apoA-I oxidation. We hypothesized that apoA-I oxidation by MPO levels similar to those present in the artery walls in atherosclerosis can promote apoA-I structural changes and amyloid fibril formation. ApoA-I was exposed to exhaustive chemical (H2O2) oxidation or physiological levels of enzymatic (MPO) oxidation and incubated at 37 °C and pH 6.0 to induce fibril formation. Both chemically and enzymatically oxidized apoA-I produced fibrillar amyloids after a few hours of incubation. The amyloid fibrils were composed of full-length apoA-I with differential oxidation of the three methionines. Met to Leu apoA-I variants were used to establish the predominant role of oxidation of Met-86 and Met-148 in the fibril formation process. Importantly, a small amount of preformed apoA-I fibrils was able to seed amyloid formation in oxidized apoA-I at pH 7.0. In contrast to hereditary amyloidosis, wherein specific mutations of apoA-I cause protein destabilization and amyloid deposition, oxidative conditions similar to those promoted by local inflammation in atherosclerosis are sufficient to transform full-length wild-type apoA-I into an amyloidogenic protein. Thus, MPO-mediated oxidation may be implicated in the mechanism that leads to amyloid deposition in the atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K L Chan
- From the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- From the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Donald L Gantz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and
| | - Tianqi O Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, and
| | - Giorgio Cavigiolio
- From the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609,
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21
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The Role of Lipid in Misfolding and Amyloid Fibril Formation by Apolipoprotein C-II. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:157-74. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22
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PARK SJ, KIM JY, TEOH CL, KANG NY, CHANG YT. New Targets of Molecular Imaging in Atherosclerosis: Prehension of Current Status. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:245-55. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin PARK
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Jun-Young KIM
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Chai Lean TEOH
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Nam-Young KANG
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Young-Tae CHANG
- Department of Chemistry & NUS MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
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23
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Muiesan ML, Salvetti M, Paini A, Agabiti Rosei C, Rubagotti G, Negrinelli A, Gregorini G, Cancarini G, Calabresi L, Franceschini G, Obici L, Perlini S, Merlini G, Agabiti Rosei E. Vascular alterations in apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis (Leu75Pro). A case-control study. Amyloid 2015; 22:187-93. [PMID: 26193960 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1066771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among hereditary amyloidoses, apolipoprotein A-I (APO A-I) amyloidosis (Leu75Pro) is a rare, autosomal dominant condition in which renal, hepatic, and testicular involvement has been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE To investigate vascular structural as well as functional alterations. METHODS In 131 carriers of the amyloidogenic Leu75Pro APO A-I mutation (mean age 52 + 16 years, 56 women) and in 131 subjects matched for age, sex, body mass index and clinic blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured. RESULTS By definition no differences for age, sex, body mass index, and BP were observed. Meanmax IMT (Mmax-IMT) in the common (CC), bifurcation (BIF) and internal (ICA) carotid artery were comparable in the two groups. After adjustment for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and renal function differences between the two groups, a lower meanmax-IMT was observed in APO A-I Leu75Pro mutation carriers than in controls (CC Mmax-IMT 0.87 ± 0.21 versus 0.93 ± 0.2 mm, p = 0.07; BIF Mmax-IMT 1.19 ± 0.48 versus 1.36 ± 0.46 mm, p = 0.025; ICA Mmax-IMT 0.9 ± 0.37 versus 1.02 ± 0.35 mm, p = 0.028). On the other hand, aortic stiffness was significantly greater in patients with APO A-I amyloidosis than controls (PWV 11.5 ± 2.9 and 10.7 ± 2.3 m/s, p < 0.05), even after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS In carriers of the amyloidogenic Leu75Pro APO A-I mutation, a significant increase in arterial stiffness is observed; on the contrary, carotid artery IMT is comparable to that of control subjects. These results may add significant information to the clinical features of this rare genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- a Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Brescia and Spedali Civili , Brescia , Italy
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24
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de Messieres M, Huang RK, He Y, Lee JC. Amyloid triangles, squares, and loops of apolipoprotein C-III. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3261-3. [PMID: 24804986 PMCID: PMC4038341 DOI: 10.1021/bi500502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
While a significant component of
atherosclerotic plaques has been
characterized as amyloid, the specific proteins remain to be fully
identified. Probable amyloidogenic proteins are apolipoproteins (Apos),
which are vital for the formation and function of lipoproteins. ApoCIII
is an abundant protein implicated in atherosclerosis, and we show
it forms a ribbonlike looped amyloid, strikingly similar to that previously
reported for ApoAI and ApoCII. Triangles and squares with a width
of ∼50 nm were also observed, which may be a novel form of
amyloid or related to previously reported amyloid rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel de Messieres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and ‡Protein Expression Facility, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and §Laboratory of Structural Biology Research, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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25
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Ow SY, Dunstan DE. The effect of concentration, temperature and stirring on hen egg white lysozyme amyloid formation. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:9692-701. [PMID: 26029778 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51671g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme is associated with hereditary systemic amyloidosis in humans. Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) has been extensively studied as an amyloid forming protein. In this study, we investigated HEWL amyloid formation over a range of temperatures at two stirring speeds and at low concentrations to avoid gel formation. The amyloid fibril formation was found to follow first order kinetics with the rate determining step being the unfolding of the lysozyme. Both the rate of formation and final amount of amyloid formed show maxima with temperature at approximately at 65 °C. CD measurements show that the lysozyme is unfolded by 55 °C. The decrease in amyloid formation at temperatures above 65 °C is attributed to competing amorphous aggregation. The majority of the non-fibrillar aggregates are small and uniform in size with a few larger amorphous aggregates observed in the AFM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian-Yang Ow
- Department of chemical and biomolecular engineering, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
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26
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Loavenbruck AJ, Chaudhry V, Zeldenrust SR, Spinner RJ, Theis JD, Klein CJ. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals non-mutated apolipoprotein A1 lumbosacral radiculoplexus amyloidoma. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:817-22. [PMID: 23055319 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In rare instances, amyloidosis presents as a focal, macroscopic lesion involving peripheral neural tissues (amyloidoma). In all known reported cases, peripheral nerve amyloidomas have had immunoglobulin light-chain fibril composition and occurred in the context of paraproteinemia. METHODS A 46-year-old man presented with progressive insidious-onset right lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy without paraproteinemia. MRI-targeted fascicular nerve biopsy was performed on an enlarged sciatic nerve after earlier distal fibular nerve biopsy was nondiagnostic. Laser dissected mass spectroscopy of the discovered amyloid protein was performed after immunohistochemistry failed to identify the specific amyloid protein. Complete gene sequencing of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was performed. RESULTS Only wild-type ApoA1 amyloid was found in the congophilic component in the nerve. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the utility of MRI-guided fascicular nerve biopsy combined with laser-dissected mass spectrometric analysis. Importantly, the case expands the known causes of amyloidomas to include wild-type ApoA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Loavenbruck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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27
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Characterization of a Human Apolipoprotein A-I Construct Expressed in a Bacterial System. Protein J 2012; 31:681-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-012-9448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Audet A, Côté N, Couture C, Bossé Y, Després JP, Pibarot P, Mathieu P. Amyloid substance within stenotic aortic valves promotes mineralization. Histopathology 2012; 61:610-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ryan TM, Griffin MDW, Bailey MF, Schuck P, Howlett GJ. NBD-labeled phospholipid accelerates apolipoprotein C-II amyloid fibril formation but is not incorporated into mature fibrils. Biochemistry 2011; 50:9579-86. [PMID: 21985034 DOI: 10.1021/bi201192r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein (apo) C-II is one of several lipid-binding proteins that self-assemble into fibrils and accumulate in disease-related amyloid deposits. A general characteristic of these amyloid deposits is the presence of lipids, known to modulate individual steps in amyloid fibril formation. ApoC-II fibril formation is activated by submicellar phospholipids but inhibited by micellar lipids. We examined the mechanism for the activation by submicellar lipids using the fluorescently labeled, short-chain phospholipid 1-dodecyl-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-2-hydroxyglycero-3-phosphocholine (NBD-lyso-12-PC). Addition of submicellar NBD-lyso-12-PC increased the rate of fibril formation by apoC-II approximately 2-fold. Stopped flow kinetic analysis using fluorescence detection and low, non-fibril-forming concentrations of apoC-II indicated NBD-lyso-12-PC binds rapidly, on the millisecond time scale, followed by the slower formation of discrete apoC-II tetramers. Sedimentation velocity analysis showed NBD-lyso-12-PC binds to both apoC-II monomers and tetramers at approximately five sites per monomer with an average dissociation constant of approximately 10 μM. Mature apoC-II fibrils formed in the presence of NBD-lyso-12-PC were devoid of lipid, indicating a purely catalytic role for submicellar lipids in the activation of apoC-II fibril formation. These studies demonstrate the catalytic potential of small amphiphilic molecules in controlling protein folding and fibril assembly pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Ramella NA, Rimoldi OJ, Prieto ED, Schinella GR, Sanchez SA, Jaureguiberry MS, Vela ME, Ferreira ST, Tricerri MA. Human apolipoprotein A-I-derived amyloid: its association with atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22532. [PMID: 21811627 PMCID: PMC3139661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses constitute a group of diseases in which soluble proteins aggregate and deposit extracellularly in tissues. Nonhereditary apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) amyloid is characterized by deposits of nonvariant protein in atherosclerotic arteries. Despite being common, little is known about the pathogenesis and significance of apoA-I deposition. In this work we investigated by fluorescence and biochemical approaches the impact of a cellular microenvironment associated with chronic inflammation on the folding and pro-amyloidogenic processing of apoA-I. Results showed that mildly acidic pH promotes misfolding, aggregation, and increased binding of apoA-I to extracellular matrix elements, thus favoring protein deposition as amyloid like-complexes. In addition, activated neutrophils and oxidative/proteolytic cleavage of the protein give rise to pro amyloidogenic products. We conclude that, even though apoA-I is not inherently amyloidogenic, it may produce non hereditary amyloidosis as a consequence of the pro-inflammatory microenvironment associated to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel A. Ramella
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar J. Rimoldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D. Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R. Schinella
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana A. Sanchez
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Microscopy Unit, Fundación CNIC-Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, España
| | - María S. Jaureguiberry
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E. Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Program in Biochemistry and Cellular Biophysics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. Alejandra Tricerri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas La Plata (INIBIOLP), CCT-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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31
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Raimondi S, Guglielmi F, Giorgetti S, Gaetano SD, Arciello A, Monti DM, Relini A, Nichino D, Doglia SM, Natalello A, Pucci P, Mangione P, Obici L, Merlini G, Stoppini M, Robustelli P, Tartaglia GG, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM, Piccoli R, Bellotti V. Effects of the Known Pathogenic Mutations on the Aggregation Pathway of the Amyloidogenic Peptide of Apolipoprotein A-I. J Mol Biol 2011; 407:465-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Teoh CL, Griffin MDW, Howlett GJ. Apolipoproteins and amyloid fibril formation in atherosclerosis. Protein Cell 2011; 2:116-27. [PMID: 21400045 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils arise from the aggregation of misfolded proteins into highly-ordered structures. The accumulation of these fibrils along with some non-fibrillar constituents within amyloid plaques is associated with the pathogenesis of several human degenerative diseases. A number of plasma apolipoproteins, including apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoA-II, apoC-II and apoE are implicated in amyloid formation or influence amyloid formation by other proteins. We review present knowledge of amyloid formation by apolipoproteins in disease, with particular focus on atherosclerosis. Further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their amyloidogenic propensity are obtained from in vitro studies which describe factors affecting apolipoprotein amyloid fibril formation and interactions. Additionally, we outline the evidence that amyloid fibril formation by apolipoproteins might play a role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and highlight possible molecular mechanisms that could contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Lean Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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33
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Smoak KA, Aloor JJ, Madenspacher J, Merrick BA, Collins JB, Zhu X, Cavigiolio G, Oda MN, Parks JS, Fessler MB. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 couples reverse cholesterol transport to inflammation. Cell Metab 2010; 11:493-502. [PMID: 20519121 PMCID: PMC3091482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk exists in mammalian cells between cholesterol trafficking and innate immune signaling. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a serum apolipoprotein that induces antiatherogenic efflux of macrophage cholesterol, is widely described as anti-inflammatory because it neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Conversely, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation is proatherogenic. However, whether innate immunity plays an endogenous, physiological role in host cholesterol homeostasis in the absence of infection is undetermined. We report that apoA-I signals in the macrophage through Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and CD14, utilizing myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent pathways, to activate nuclear factor-kappaB and induce cytokines. MyD88 plays a critical role in reverse cholesterol transport in vitro and in vivo, in part through promoting ATP-binding cassette A1 transporter upregulation. Taken together, this work identifies apoA-I as an endogenous stimulus of innate immunity that couples cholesterol trafficking to inflammation through MyD88 and identifies innate immunity as a physiologic signal in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Smoak
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | - Jim J. Aloor
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | | | - B. Alex Merrick
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | | | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Pathology/Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 U.S.A
| | | | - Michael N. Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609 U.S.A
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Pathology/Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 U.S.A
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
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Neyen C, Plüddemann A, Roversi P, Thomas B, Cai L, van der Westhuyzen DR, Sim RB, Gordon S. Macrophage scavenger receptor A mediates adhesion to apolipoproteins A-I and E. Biochemistry 2010; 48:11858-71. [PMID: 19911804 PMCID: PMC2793687 DOI: 10.1021/bi9013769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage scavenger receptor A (SR-A) is a multifunctional, multiligand pattern recognition receptor with roles in innate immunity, apoptotic cell clearance, and age-related degenerative pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Known endogenous SR-A ligands are polyanionic and include modified lipoproteins, advanced glycation end products, and extracellular matrix proteins. No native plasma ligands have been identified, but it is known that SR-A recognition of unidentified serum components mediates integrin-independent macrophage adhesion, which may drive chronic local inflammation. In this study, we used a high-throughput fractionation and screening method to identify novel endogenous SR-A ligands that may mediate macrophage adhesion. SR-A was found to recognize the exchangeable apolipoproteins A-I and E (apo A-I and apo E, respectively) in both lipid-free and lipid-associated form, suggesting the shared amphipathic alpha-helix as a potential recognition motif. Adhesion of RAW 264.7 macrophages to surfaces coated with apo A-I and apo E4 proved to be integrin-independent and could be blocked by anti-SR-A antibodies. The presence of apo A-I and apo E in pathological deposits, such as atherosclerotic lesions and neurotoxic Alzheimer's plaques, suggests a possible contribution of SR-A-dependent adhesion of macrophages to an inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Neyen
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford,South Parks Road, Oxford OX13RE, United Kingdom
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Methionine oxidation induces amyloid fibril formation by full-length apolipoprotein A-I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:1977-82. [PMID: 20133843 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910136107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein component of HDL, where it plays an important role in cholesterol transport. The deposition of apoA-I derived amyloid is associated with various hereditary systemic amyloidoses and atherosclerosis; however, very little is known about the mechanism of apoA-I amyloid formation. Methionine residues in apoA-I are oxidized via several mechanisms in vivo to form methionine sulfoxide (MetO), and significant levels of methionine oxidized apoA-I (MetO-apoA-I) are present in normal human serum. We investigated the effect of methionine oxidation on the structure, stability, and aggregation of full-length, lipid-free apoA-I. Circular dichrosim spectroscopy showed that oxidation of all three methionine residues in apoA-I caused partial unfolding of the protein and decreased its thermal stability, reducing the melting temperature (T(m)) from 58.7 degrees C for native apoA-I to 48.2 degrees C for MetO-apoA-I. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that methionine oxidation inhibited the native self association of apoA-I to form dimers and tetramers. Incubation of MetO-apoA-I for extended periods resulted in aggregation of the protein, and these aggregates bound Thioflavin T and Congo Red. Inspection of the aggregates by electron microscopy revealed fibrillar structures with a ribbon-like morphology, widths of approximately 11 nm, and lengths of up to several microns. X-ray fibre diffraction studies of the fibrils revealed a diffraction pattern with orthogonal peaks at spacings of 4.64 A and 9.92 A, indicating a cross-beta amyloid structure. This systematic study of fibril formation by full-length apoA-I represents the first demonstration that methionine oxidation can induce amyloid fibril formation.
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36
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Legge FS, Binger KJ, Griffin MDW, Howlett GJ, Scanlon D, Treutlein H, Yarovsky I. Effect of Oxidation and Mutation on the Conformational Dynamics and Fibril Assembly of Amyloidogenic Peptides Derived from Apolipoprotein C-II. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14006-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903842u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. S. Legge
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K. J. Binger
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M. D. W. Griffin
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G. J. Howlett
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D. Scanlon
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H. Treutlein
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - I. Yarovsky
- Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; and Cytopia Research Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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37
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Eriksson M, Schönland S, Yumlu S, Hegenbart U, von Hutten H, Gioeva Z, Lohse P, Büttner J, Schmidt H, Röcken C. Hereditary apolipoprotein AI-associated amyloidosis in surgical pathology specimens: identification of three novel mutations in the APOA1 gene. J Mol Diagn 2009; 11:257-62. [PMID: 19324996 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2009.080161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein AI-derived (AApoAI) amyloidosis may present either as a non-hereditary form with wild-type protein deposits in atherosclerotic plaques or as a hereditary form due to germline mutations in the APOA1 gene. Currently, more than 50 apoAI variants are known, and 13 are associated with amyloidosis. We describe six patients with AApoAI amyloidosis due to APOA1 germline mutations that affect the larynx, small intestine, large intestine, heart, liver, kidney, uterus, ovary, or pelvic lymph nodes. In each patient, the amyloid showed a characteristic apple green birefringence when viewed under polarized light after Congo red staining and was immunoreactive with antibodies against apoAI. Sequence analyses revealed one known (p.Leu75Pro) and three novel APOA1 mutations that included gene variations leading to two different frameshifts (p.Asn74fs and p.Ala154fs) and one amino acid exchange (p.Leu170Pro). These three novel mutations extend our knowledge about both the location of the mutations and the organ distribution in hereditary AApoAI amyloidosis. Thirteen of the now sixteen amyloidogenic mutations are localized in two hot-spot regions that span residues 50 to 93 and 170 to 178. The organ distribution and clinical presentation of AApoAI amyloidosis seems to depend on the position of the mutation. Patients with alterations in codons 1 to 75 mostly develop hepatic and renal amyloidosis, while carriers of mutations in residues 173 to 178 mainly suffer from cardiac, laryngeal, and cutaneous amyloidosis.
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38
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Morita SY, Deharu Y, Takata E, Nakano M, Handa T. Cytotoxicity of lipid-free apolipoprotein B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:2594-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Binger KJ, Pham CL, Wilson LM, Bailey MF, Lawrence LJ, Schuck P, Howlett GJ. Apolipoprotein C-II Amyloid Fibrils Assemble via a Reversible Pathway that Includes Fibril Breaking and Rejoining. J Mol Biol 2008; 376:1116-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Gunzburg MJ, Perugini MA, Howlett GJ. Structural basis for the recognition and cross-linking of amyloid fibrils by human apolipoprotein E. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35831-41. [PMID: 17916554 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m706425200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a well characterized lipid-binding protein in plasma that also exists as a common nonfibrillar component of both cerebral and systemic amyloid deposits. A genetic link between a common isoform of apoE, apoE4, and the incidence of late onset Alzheimer disease has drawn considerable attention to the potential roles of apoE in amyloid-related disease. We examined the interactions of apoE with amyloid fibrils composed of apoC-II and the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide. Aggregates of apoE with Abeta and apoC-II are found in Alzheimer and atherosclerotic plaques, respectively. Sedimentation velocity and fibril size distribution analysis showed that apoE3 and E4 isoforms bind and noncovalently cross-link apoC-II fibrils in a similar manner. This ability to cross-link apoC-II fibrils was abolished by the dissociation of the apoE tetramer to monomers or by thrombin cleavage to yield separate N- and C-terminal domains. Preparative ultracentrifuge binding studies indicated that apoE and the isolated N- and C-terminal domains of apoE bind with submicromolar affinities to both apoC-II and Abeta fibrils. Fluorescence quenching and resonance energy transfer experiments confirmed that both domains of apoE interact with apoC-II fibrils and demonstrated that the binding of the isolated N-terminal domain of apoE to apoC-II or Abeta fibrils is accompanied by a significant conformational change with helix three of the domain moving relative to helix one. We propose a model involving the interaction of apoE with patterns of aligned residues that could explain the general ability of apoE to bind to a diverse range of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem J Gunzburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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41
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Stewart CR, Haw A, Lopez R, McDonald TO, Callaghan JM, McConville MJ, Moore KJ, Howlett GJ, O'Brien KD. Serum amyloid P colocalizes with apolipoproteins in human atheroma: functional implications. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2162-71. [PMID: 17630380 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700098-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid P (SAP) is a common component of human amyloid deposits and has been identified in atherosclerotic lesions. We investigated the extent of the colocalization of SAP with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoB, apoC-II, and apoE in human coronary arteries and explored potential roles for SAP in these regions, specifically the effect of SAP on the rate of formation and macrophage recognition of amyloid fibrils composed of apoC-II. Analysis of 42 human arterial sections by immunohistochemistry and double label fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that SAP and apoA-I, apoB, apoC-II, and apoE were increased significantly in atherosclerotic lesions compared with nonatherosclerotic segments. SAP colocalized with all four apolipoproteins to a similar extent, whereas plaque macrophages were found to correlate most strongly with apoC-II and apoB. In vitro studies showed that SAP accelerated the formation of amyloid fibrils by purified apoC-II. Furthermore, SAP strongly inhibited the phagocytosis of apoC-II amyloid fibrils by primary macrophages and macrophage cell lines and blocked the resultant production of reactive oxygen species. The ability of SAP to accelerate apoC-II amyloid fibril formation and inhibit macrophage recognition of apoC-II fibrils suggests that SAP may modulate the inflammatory response to amyloid fibrils in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Obici L, Franceschini G, Calabresi L, Giorgetti S, Stoppini M, Merlini G, Bellotti V. Structure, function and amyloidogenic propensity of apolipoprotein A-I. Amyloid 2006; 13:191-205. [PMID: 17107880 DOI: 10.1080/13506120600960288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I, the major structural apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins, efficiently protects humans from cholesterol accumulation in tissues; however, it can cause systemic amyloidosis in the presence of peculiar amino acid replacements. The wild-type molecule also has an intrinsic tendency to generate amyloid fibrils that localise within the atherosclerotic plaques. The structure, folding and metabolism of normal apolipoprotein A-I are extremely complex and as yet not completely clarified, but their understanding appears essential for the elucidation of the amyloid transition. We reviewed present knowledge on the structure, function and amyloidogenic propensity of apolipoprotein A-I with the aim of highlighting the possible molecular mechanisms that might contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Important clues on apolipoprotein A-I amyloidogenesis may be obtained from classical comparative studies of the properties of the wild-type versus the amyloidogenic counterpart. Additionally, in the case of apoA-I, further insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying its amyloidogenic propensity may derive from comparative studies between amyloidogenic variants and other mutations associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia without amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Obici
- Centro per lo Studio e la Cura delle Amiloidosi Sistemiche, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyloid deposits are a defining feature of several age-related and debilitating diseases. Their widespread presence in atherosclerotic plaques suggests a potential role in lesion development. This review discusses the proteins known to accumulate in atheroma and examines the evidence that amyloid-like structures activate macrophage signaling pathways linked to inflammation and prothrombotic potential. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous proteins that accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques form amyloid fibrils in vivo, including apolipoproteins, beta-amyloid, and alpha1-antitrypsin. In addition, oxidation or enzymatic modification of low-density lipoproteins induces a structural reorganization of the particle, including the acquisition of amyloid-like properties. Similarly, glycation of serum albumin, as observed in diabetes, is accompanied by the formation of aggregates with all the hallmarks of amyloid. Several receptors implicated in atherogenesis modulate the fate of amyloid fibrils by mediating their clearance (scavenger receptors A and B-I), activating inflammatory signaling cascades (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts), or both (CD36). Finally, recent studies indicate that amyloid deposition accelerates diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice. SUMMARY Given the substantial evidence that amyloid fibrils or preamyloidogenic species are cytotoxic, the aberrant deposition of amyloid in the intima may be pathologically important in vascular inflammation and the promotion of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Howlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Röcken C, Tautenhahn J, Bühling F, Sachwitz D, Vöckler S, Goette A, Bürger T. Prevalence and Pathology of Amyloid in Atherosclerotic Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:676-7. [PMID: 16484604 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000201930.10103.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Röcken C, Fändrich M, Stix B, Tannert A, Hortschansky P, Reinheckel T, Saftig P, Kähne T, Menard R, Ancsin JB, Bühling F. Cathepsin protease activity modulates amyloid load in extracerebral amyloidosis. J Pathol 2006; 210:478-87. [PMID: 17068745 DOI: 10.1002/path.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In cerebral amyloidoses, such as Alzheimer's disease, proteolytic processing of the precursor protein is a fundamental mechanism of the disease, since it generates the amyloid protein. However, the putative significance of proteases in extracerebral amyloidoses is less well defined. In this study, we investigated the biological significance of cathepsin (Cath) B, CathK, and CathL in the pathology and pathogenesis of extracerebral amyloidoses by using the murine model of reactive or secondary AA amyloidosis with three different cathepsin-deficient mouse strains. Extracerebral AA amyloid was induced by injecting amyloid-enhancing factor and silver nitrate into CathB(-/-), CathK(-/-), and CathL(-/-) mice. Wild-type mice served as a control. CathK(-/-) mice deposited over 90% more amyloid and CathL(-/-) mice 60% less amyloid than the control (p < 0.0001). The amyloid load in CathB(-/-) mice did not differ from that in wild-type mice. In vitro degradation experiments with recombinant human and murine serum amyloid A (SAA) 1.1 and CathK and CathL showed that CathL generates a large number of differently sized SAA cleavage products. One of these fragments spans the heparin/heparan sulphate binding site and the neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase activating region of SAA. CathK showed only endoproteolytic activity and did not generate any AA amyloid-like peptides. This study provides unequivocal evidence that proteases modulate amyloid load in extracerebral amyloidosis. CathL was identified as an amyloid-promoting and CathK as an amyloid-retarding cysteine protease. CathB may only modulate the primary structure of the amyloid peptide without affecting amyloid load.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a common target of amyloidosis. This review presents the current clinical and diagnostic approach to amyloidosis, with the emphasis on cardiovascular involvement. It summarises recent nomenclature, classification, and pathogenesis of amyloidosis. In addition, non-invasive possibilities are discussed, together with endomyocardial biopsies in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Finally, recent advances in treatment and prognostic implications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kholová
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Murphy CL, Wang S, Weaver K, Gertz MA, Weiss DT, Solomon A. Renal apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis associated with a novel mutant Leu64Pro. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44:1103-9. [PMID: 15558533 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis (Apo A-I) is an inherited systemic disease that results from the pathologic deposition in tissues throughout the body of fibrils composed of Apo A-I-related molecules. This disorder has been linked to mutations occurring within the coding region of the Apo A-I gene and, to date, 11 such substitutions have been documented. In 4 of these cases, the kidney was the target organ of the disease process. The authors report their studies on a patient with renal amyloidosis and a heretofore undescribed alteration in the amyloidogenic precursor protein. Analyses of genomic DNA evidenced a transition in the second base of codon 64 (T-->C) in one Apo A-I allele that resulted in the replacement of leucine by proline at position 64 (Leu64Pro). Additionally, fibrils extracted from the kidney and characterized chemically were found to be composed almost exclusively of an approximately 96-residue N-terminal Apo A-I fragment that contained the Leu64Pro substitution. These studies have provided further evidence for Apo A-I amyloidogenicity and the propensity of certain mutants to deposit in renal parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Murphy
- Human Immunology and Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Medeiros LA, Khan T, El Khoury JB, Pham CLL, Hatters DM, Howlett GJ, Lopez R, O'Brien KD, Moore KJ. Fibrillar amyloid protein present in atheroma activates CD36 signal transduction. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:10643-8. [PMID: 14699114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311735200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-association of proteins to form amyloid fibrils has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases. We recently reported that the myeloid scavenger receptor CD36 initiates a signaling cascade upon binding to fibrillar beta-amyloid that stimulates recruitment of microglia in the brain and production of inflammatory mediators. This receptor plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, prompting us to evaluate whether fibrillar proteins were present in atherosclerotic lesions that could initiate signaling via CD36. We show that apolipoprotein C-II, a component of very low and high density lipoproteins, readily forms amyloid fibrils that initiate macrophage inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen production and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Using macrophages derived from wild type and Cd36(-/-) mice to distinguish CD36-specific events, we show that fibrillar apolipoprotein C-II activates a signaling cascade downstream of this receptor that includes Lyn and p44/42 MAPKs. Interruption of this signaling pathway through targeted deletion of Cd36 or blocking of p44/42 MAPK activation inhibits macrophage tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression. Finally, we demonstrate that apolipoprotein C-II in human atheroma co-localizes to regions positive for markers of amyloid and macrophage accumulation. Together, these data characterize a CD36-dependent signaling cascade initiated by fibrillar amyloid species that may promote atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Medeiros
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Coriu D, Dispenzieri A, Stevens FJ, Murphy CL, Wang S, Weiss DT, Solomon A. Hepatic amyloidosis resulting from deposition of the apolipoprotein A-I variant Leu75Pro. Amyloid 2003; 10:215-23. [PMID: 14986480 DOI: 10.3109/13506120309041738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis (AApo A-I) is an inherited systemic disease that results from pathologic deposition in tissues of fibrils composed of Apo A-I-related molecules. This disorder has been linked to mutations occurring within the coding region of the Apo A-I gene and heretofore, nine such variants had been described. Recently, a tenth alteration was found in an Italian population where the substitution of proline for leucine at position 75 (Leu75Pro) was associated with amyloid deposits in the liver. We now report our studies on a patient of different ethnicity who has hepatic amyloidosis and a similar mutation in the amyloidogenic precursor protein, as evidenced from analyses of genomic Apo A-I-encoding DNA. Additionally, fibrils extracted from the liver and characterized chemically were found to be composed almost exclusively of a approximately 96 residue N-terminal Apo A-I fragment that contained the Leu75Pro substitution. RFLP analyses revealed that the patient was heterozygous for this mutation; however, < 10% of the plasma Apo A-I consisted of the aberrant protein while the remainder had the normal (wild-type) sequence. Our findings provide further evidence that the Leu75Pro variant is associated with a predominant hepatic phenotype and can occur in individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coriu
- University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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