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Smith PJ, Whitson HE, Merwin RM, O’Hayer CV, Strauman TJ. Engineering Virtuous health habits using Emotion and Neurocognition: Flexibility for Lifestyle Optimization and Weight management (EVEN FLOW). Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1256430. [PMID: 38076541 PMCID: PMC10702760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Interventions to preserve functional independence in older adults are critically needed to optimize 'successful aging' among the large and increasing population of older adults in the United States. For most aging adults, the management of chronic diseases is the most common and impactful risk factor for loss of functional independence. Chronic disease management inherently involves the learning and adaptation of new behaviors, such as adopting or modifying physical activity habits and managing weight. Despite the importance of chronic disease management in older adults, vanishingly few individuals optimally manage their health behavior in the service of chronic disease stabilization to preserve functional independence. Contemporary conceptual models of chronic disease management and health habit theory suggest that this lack of optimal management may result from an underappreciated distinction within the health behavior literature: the behavioral domains critical for initiation of new behaviors (Initiation Phase) are largely distinct from those that facilitate their maintenance (Maintenance Phase). Psychological factors, particularly experiential acceptance and trait levels of openness are critical to engagement with new health behaviors, willingness to make difficult lifestyle changes, and the ability to tolerate aversive affective responses in the process. Cognitive factors, particularly executive function, are critical to learning new skills, using them effectively across different areas of life and contextual demands, and updating of skills to facilitate behavioral maintenance. Emerging data therefore suggests that individuals with greater executive function are better able to sustain behavior changes, which in turn protects against cognitive decline. In addition, social and structural supports of behavior change serve a critical buffering role across phases of behavior change. The present review attempts to address these gaps by proposing a novel biobehavioral intervention framework that incorporates both individual-level and social support system-level variables for the purpose of treatment tailoring. Our intervention framework triangulates on the central importance of self-regulatory functioning, proposing that both cognitive and psychological mechanisms ultimately influence an individuals' ability to engage in different aspects of self-management (individual level) in the service of maintaining independence. Importantly, the proposed linkages of cognitive and affective functioning align with emerging individual difference frameworks, suggesting that lower levels of cognitive and/or psychological flexibility represent an intermediate phenotype of risk. Individuals exhibiting self-regulatory lapses either due to the inability to regulate their emotional responses or due to the presence of executive functioning impairments are therefore the most likely to require assistance to preserve functional independence. In addition, these vulnerabilities will be more easily observable for individuals requiring greater complexity of self-management behavioral demands (e.g. complexity of medication regimen) and/or with lesser social support. Our proposed framework also intuits several distinct intervention pathways based on the profile of self-regulatory behaviors: we propose that individuals with intact affect regulation and impaired executive function will preferentially respond to 'top-down' training approaches (e.g., strategy and process work). Individuals with intact executive function and impaired affect regulation will respond to 'bottom-up' approaches (e.g., graded exposure). And individuals with impairments in both may require treatments targeting caregiving or structural supports, particularly in the context of elevated behavioral demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heather E. Whitson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rhonda M. Merwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C. Virginia O’Hayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy J. Strauman
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Rychter A, Miniszewska J, Góra-Tybor J. Personality traits favourable for non-adherence to treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: role of type A and D personality. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:1. [PMID: 36658586 PMCID: PMC9854114 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of this disease. Although regular TKI intake is a prerequisite for successful therapy, it has been shown that a significant proportion of patients are non-compliant. Recently there is growing evidence that personality traits may influenced the tendency for non-adherence to treatment in patients with chronic diseases. As far as we know, such a relationship in patients with CML has not been examined, yet. The aim of our study was to determine if personality traits favor non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We investigated the relationship between five-factor model personality factors (conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness) and medication non-adherence. We also checked if the patients with type A and type D personality, were at higher risk of poor medication adherence. METHODS The following tools were used: self-constructed survey, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Framingham Type A Scale, the D-Scale 14. The study included 140 CML patients treated with imatinib, dasatinib, or nilotinib. RESULTS 39% of patients reported skipping at least one dose of medication in the month prior to follow-up visit. 51% admitted to skipping such doses from the start of their treatment to the time at which our assessment was performed. We did not find any relationship between the mean values of the analyzed factors of the Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and adherence. However, our analysis revealed that CML patients who admitted to missing doses of drugs during the entire course of treatment demonstrated greater intensity of type A personality traits (p = 0.020). Regarding both factors of type D personality, it was revealed that higher level of negative affectivity significantly decreased the adherence (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that screening for type D and A personalities may help to identify patients who are at higher risk of poor medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rychter
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Haematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Miniszewska
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Lodz University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Góra-Tybor
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Haematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Khayoun R, Devick KL, Chandler MJ, Shandera-Ochsner AL, De Wit L, Cuc A, Smith GE, Locke DEC. The impact of patient and partner personality traits on learning success for a cognitive rehabilitation intervention for patients with MCI. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2022; 32:2483-2495. [PMID: 34232113 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1948872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Memory Support System (MSS) is the memory compensation tool used in the HABIT Healthy Action to Benefit Independence and Thinking® Program. People diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (pwMCI; n = 153) participated in this cognitive rehabilitative programme with a partner. We first aimed to determine if prior research on the positive impact of higher baseline cognitive status on successful MSS learning would be replicated in a new sample. We further evaluated the impact of the pwMCI's and partner's personality traits, as measured by the Ten Item Personality Inventory, on successful learning. Better global cognitive status was again shown to increase the odds for MSS learning success. In terms of personality, the highest odds of learning success occurred when the pwMCI was high in Openness to Experience (OR = 5.43), followed by high partner Openness (OR = 2.53) or high Openness in both the pwMCI and partner (OR = 2.31). In sum, when the pwMCI possessed both better cognitive status and openness to new experience they were better able to master a cognitive rehabilitation tool for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Khayoun
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Division of Neuropsychology, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Katrina L Devick
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Melanie J Chandler
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Liselotte De Wit
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Cuc
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Division of Neuropsychology, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Glenn E Smith
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dona E C Locke
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Division of Neuropsychology, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Ishii J, Kodaka F, Miyata H, Yamadera W, Seto H, Higuchi H, Tsuruoka Y, Shigeta M. Association between functional recovery and medication adherence in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2022; 42:510-515. [PMID: 36196584 PMCID: PMC9773647 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Medication adherence is important for achieving functional recovery from schizophrenia and is commonly assessed using the Drug Attitude Inventory-30 (DAI-30). Subscales of the DAI-30, including "awareness of the need for medication," "awareness of the effects of psychiatric drugs," and "impression of medication," have been used to assess medication adherence. To determine which of these subscales are associated with the prognosis of schizophrenia, this study followed patients with schizophrenia to identify the prognosis and examine the subscales related to "recovery." METHODS In total, 89 patients were recruited, 78 of whom were registered in the study. After assessing adherence using the DAI-30, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning scores were assessed at 0 and 24 week to define the functional prognosis. RESULTS At the end of the 24-week follow-up period, 36% of patients showed recovery from schizophrenia. A comparison of subscales revealed that the score for "impression of medication" was significantly higher in the recovery than in the non-recovery group. Logistic regression analysis identified only the "impression of medication" score as being predictive of recovery. CONCLUSION The results indicated that among the three DAI-30 subscales, "impression of medication" was the most closely associated with recovery in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Ishii
- Department of PsychiatryJikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of PsychiatryJikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hisatsugu Miyata
- Department of PsychiatryJikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Wataru Yamadera
- Department of PsychiatryJikei University Katsushika Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Hikaru Seto
- Department of PsychiatrySobu HospitalChibaJapan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Shigeta
- Department of PsychiatryJikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Matrisch L, Graßhoff H, Müller A, Schinke S, Riemekasten G. Therapy satisfaction and health literacy are key factors to improve medication adherence in systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36124810 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2022.2111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although medication adherence (MA) contributes to therapeutic outcome in systemic sclerosis (SSc), research data are scarce. Factors influencing MA in SSc are hardly known. METHOD We conducted a monocentric, cross-sectional study on 85 patients with SSc at the University of Lübeck, Germany, using the Compliance Questionnaire of Rheumatology as the main measurement tool of MA. We also used the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire, Illness Perception Questionnaire - Revised, Health Literacy Questionnaire, Lübeck Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire (a novel instrument created for this study), and patients' demographic and clinical data, to find factors contributing to MA. RESULTS Good MA was seen in 51.8% of patients. MA was positively associated with therapy satisfaction (p < 0.001), modified Rodnan Skin Score (p = 0.032), age (p = 0.025), intake of micronutrients (p = 0.033), number of prescribed drugs (p = 0.014), and some dimensions of health literacy. Negative associations were found for patients with weight loss attributed to SSc (p = 0.009) and the perception that the disease is caused by the patient's personality (p = 0.011) or emotional state (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Although most SSc patients display good MA, non-adherence remains a major problem. Patients should be assessed for non-adherence. The factors affecting MA identified herein could help to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Matrisch
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Graßhoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - S Schinke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - G Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Schönenberg A, Mühlhammer HM, Lehmann T, Prell T. Adherence to Medication in Neurogeriatric Patients: Insights from the NeuroGerAd Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5353. [PMID: 36143000 PMCID: PMC9501565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonadherence to medication is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, especially in older adults with higher chances of multimorbidity. However, comprehensive data on factors influencing adherence in this patient group are rare. Thus, data for 910 patients were acquired, including demographic data, nonadherence (Stendal Adherence to Medication), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), personality (Big Five Inventory), satisfaction with healthcare (Health Care Climate Questionnaire), quality of life (36-item Short Form Survey), mobility, diagnoses, and medication. Elastic net regularization was used to analyze the predictors of adherence. Principal component and general estimation equations were calculated to analyze the underlying patterns of adherence. Only 21.1% of patients were fully adherent. Nonadherence was associated with male gender, higher number of medications, diagnosis, depression, poor patient-physician relationship, personality, impaired cognition, and impaired mobility. Nonadherence was classified into three sub-factors: forgetting (46.2%), missing knowledge about medication (29%), and intentional modification of medication (24.8%). While depression exerted the strongest influence on modification, a high number of medications was associated with missing knowledge. The different patterns of nonadherence (i.e., modification, missing knowledge, and forgetting) are influenced differently by clinical factors, indicating that specific approaches are needed for interventions targeting adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schönenberg
- Department of Geriatrics, Halle University Hospital, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Prell
- Department of Geriatrics, Halle University Hospital, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Linkievicz NM, Sgnaolin V, Engroff P, Behr Gomes Jardim G, Cataldo A. Association between Big Five personality factors and medication adherence in the elderly. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 44:e20200143. [PMID: 33834686 PMCID: PMC9907374 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to medications can be associated with circumstances related to the patient, with the pathology, with cultural health beliefs, with habits, and with quality of life. Behavioral patterns can also directly influence a patient's pharmacological adherence, since they are related to their perception and understanding of their own health status and of their drug and non-drug treatments. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between adherence to pharmacological treatment and personality factors, sociodemographic variables, and economic data in the elderly. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study. The population studied were elderly people registered with the Family Health Strategy of Porto Alegre and enrolled on the Brain Aging Program (PENCE), from March 2013 to November 2015. Sociodemographic data, pharmacological adherence, and personality traits were evaluated. Exclusion criteria were incomplete data in the personality and pharmacological adherence assessments; cognitive impairment, evaluated using the instrument Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), or not having carried out this assessment. RESULTS A total of 123 individuals were included with a mean age of 71.35±7.33 years, 58.6% of whom reported some level of non-adherence to their medication regime (low and moderate adherence). Elderly people with low adherence had significantly higher mean scores in the Neuroticism factor, while those with high adherence had significantly higher mean scores in the Agreeableness and Conscientiousness factors. CONCLUSION The study suggests that pharmacological adherence among the elderly is negatively associated with the Neuroticism personality trait, while the Agreeableness and Conscientiousness traits are positively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Melo Linkievicz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia BiomédicaPUCRSPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia Biomédica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Sgnaolin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia BiomédicaPUCRSPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia Biomédica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paula Engroff
- Instituto de Geriatria e GerontologiaPUCRSPorto AlegreRSBrazilInstituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Behr Gomes Jardim
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age AvanceUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avance, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alfredo Cataldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia BiomédicaPUCRSPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia Biomédica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Escola de MedicinaPUCRSPorto AlegreRSBrazilEscola de Medicina, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Christopher C, KC B, Shrestha S, Blebil AQ, Alex D, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Ismail N. Medication use problems among older adults at a primary care: A narrative of literature review. Aging Med (Milton) 2022; 5:126-137. [PMID: 35783113 PMCID: PMC9245166 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate medication use is one of the most significant challenges among the older population. Although medication use problems are well documented at the secondary and tertiary health care level, the evidence at the primary care level of OECD region is limited. A narrative review of existing literature was conducted through a nonsystematic search for original articles through electronic search databases, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar from 2001 to 2021, and a combination of citation references. Medication use problems are prevalent in older adults at the primary care level. The main issues of medication use identified were as follows; nonadherence, adverse drug events, accessibility, polypharmacy, inappropriate medications, belief about medications, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of deprescribing. In addition, the current review has identified the possibilities of the problems: many medications, forgetfulness, lack of deprescribing, lack of communication, poor understanding, and limited awareness of inappropriate medications. This review found that various medication use problems subclusters were identified to impact the health care need among older adults. Therefore, effective interventions targeting these issues need to be developed to reduce medication use problems among older adults at a primary care level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvan KC
- School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaSubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaSubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Ali Qais Blebil
- School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaSubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Deepa Alex
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSubang JayaMalaysia
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Hoorelbeke K, Vervaeke J, Siegle GJ, Baeken C, Koster EH. Individual differences associated with treatment adherence and transfer effects following gamified web-based cognitive control training for repetitive negative thinking. Internet Interv 2022; 27:100507. [PMID: 35242588 PMCID: PMC8859013 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests beneficial effects of cognitive control training (CCT) on repetitive negative thinking (RNT), a key risk factor for internalizing symptomatology. However, relatively little is known regarding predictors of adherence to internet-delivered CCT as well as moderators of treatment effects for this intervention. Answering these questions could improve efficiency of clinical implementation of CCT as an eHealth intervention. The current pre-registered single-arm trial set-out to address these questions using a web-based gamified CCT procedure based on the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. Participants (N = 382) entered the internet-based study, where we observed considerable drop-out during the assessment phase and the first training sessions. Emotional stability and resilience emerged as predictors for deciding not to commence the intervention. Drop-out throughout the course of CCT was explained by age, emotion regulation-, and personality factors. We used latent profile analysis, a probabilistic modeling approach, to identify clusters of participants (User Profiles) based on indicators of baseline cognitive- and emotional functioning, training progress, and user experience. We obtained three User Profiles, reflecting low-, moderate-, and high-risk status. Effortful control, emotion regulation, internalizing symptomatology, resilience, and emotional stability played a central role in these User Profiles. Interestingly, User Profile predicted training related cognitive gains, as well as effects of CCT on anxiety- and stress symptoms, and reappraisal. Our findings suggest that CCT is most effective for the moderate- and high-risk groups. In addition, the high-risk group would likely benefit from a more intensive training procedure or repeated administration of the training procedure over time to foster long-term retention of training related gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Corresponding author at: Henri-Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jasmien Vervaeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Imec-Mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin (UZGent), Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Psychiatry (UZBrussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst H.W. Koster
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Sadamoto K, Murata M, Hayashi M, Ura H, Kubota K. Evaluation of Newly Designed Blister Packs for Easier Handling to Prevent Pill Dropping. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:179-188. [PMID: 35115766 PMCID: PMC8800866 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s346923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blister packs with paperboard backing, which is useful for displaying instructions and information, are the most popular type of packaging for osteoporosis drugs in Japan. However, the main users of drugs are the aged, who often find blister packs difficult to open or drop their pills during opening. In this study, we compared different types of blister packs in terms of usability and handling. METHODS We conducted a subjective and objective study to compare commonly used blister packs with newly designed ones that have a jagged notch designed to hold a pill temporarily and a perforated line that enables the pack to be held easily in one hand. Regarding subjective data, packaging and sensory tests were performed. The participants in the sensory test were healthy older adults and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also measured the pinch power of all participants. RESULTS A comparison of several items, including opening status, prevention of pill dropping, and understanding of the instructions, using a numerical rating scale revealed no significant differences between ordinary (type A) and newly designed (type B) packaging. However, the scores for type B were the same or better than those for type A for every evaluation item. In addition, more than 85% of the participants reported preferring to use type B. More than 80% of the participants in both groups reported dropping pills using type A, which seemed to be related to their preference for type B. In the evaluation by the examiner (objective study), all participants could successfully remove their pills without dropping using type B, including those in the RA group who had difficulty handling packages. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the new type of blister pack assessed in this study (type B) is preferable among older and shows promise for a universal design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Sadamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shonan University of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- MECSION, General Incorporated Association, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Sadamoto Clinic, Ninomiya, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikio Murata
- MECSION, General Incorporated Association, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaho Hayashi
- MECSION, General Incorporated Association, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shonan University of Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kubota
- MECSION, General Incorporated Association, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Choi SL, Martin P, Cho J, Ryou YJ, Heinz M. Personality and compliance with COVID-19 protective measures among older Americans: Moderating effects of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 189:111499. [PMID: 35035011 PMCID: PMC8743447 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following the growing evidence that personality is related to various health behaviors, we examined whether personality traits were related to compliance with COVID-19 protective measures and evaluated the extent to which associations were moderated by age, gender, or race/ethnicity among older adults during a summer 2020 surge of COVID-19 cases in the United States. Data were from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study COVID-19 module. Multivariate ordinary least squares regression analyses were computed adjusting for health, psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors. Results indicated the significant associations between personality traits and compliance with COVID-19 measures varied by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Specifically, the associations of agreeableness with wearing a mask and frequent handwashing were less pronounced among older compared with younger individuals. The association between extraversion and wearing masks was stronger for men than for women. The associations of agreeableness with handwashing and physical distancing were weaker for Hispanic older adults, whereas the associations of extraversion with physical distancing and using sanitizers were stronger for Hispanic older adults than for their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Implications regarding behavioral science underlying the current pandemic and future public health crises are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae L Choi
- Department of Consumer Sciences, The University of Alabama, 304 Adams Hall, Box 870158, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 1096 LeBaron Hall, 626 Morrill Rd, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jinmyoung Cho
- Center for Applied Health Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, 4236 Lowes Drive, Suite 202, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Yeon Ji Ryou
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 078 LeBaron Hall, 626 Morrill Rd, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Melinda Heinz
- Department of Psychology, Upper Iowa University, 605 Washington St., P.O. Box 1857, Fayette, IA 52142, USA
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12
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Atherton OE, Willroth EC, Schwaba T, Goktan AJ, Graham EK, Condon DM, Rao MB, Mroczek DK. Personality predictors of emergency department post-discharge outcomes. PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021; 2. [PMID: 35356090 PMCID: PMC8963191 DOI: 10.5964/ps.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits are important predictors of health behaviors, healthcare utilization, and health outcomes. However, we know little about the role of personality traits for emergency department outcomes. The present study used data from 200 patients (effective Ns range from 84 to 191), who were being discharged from the emergency department at an urban hospital, to investigate whether the Big Five personality traits were associated with post-discharge outcomes (i.e., filling prescriptions, following up with primary care physician, making an unscheduled return to the emergency department). Using logistic regression, we found few associations among the broad Big Five domains and post-discharge outcomes. However, results showed statistically significant associations between specific Big Five items (e.g., “responsible”) and the three post-discharge outcomes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing personality traits in an emergency medicine setting and highlights the utility of having information about patients’ personality tendencies for predicting post-discharge compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E. Atherton
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily C. Willroth
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ted Schwaba
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ayla J. Goktan
- College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M. Condon
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Mitesh B. Rao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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13
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Östbring MJ, Eriksson T, Petersson G, Hellström L. Effects of a pharmaceutical care intervention on clinical outcomes and patient adherence in coronary heart disease: the MIMeRiC randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:367. [PMID: 34334142 PMCID: PMC8327441 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the treatment of coronary heart disease, secondary prevention goals are still often unmet and poor adherence to prescribed drugs has been suggested as one of the reasons. We aimed to investigate whether pharmaceutical care by a pharmacist at the cardiology clinic trained in motivational interviewing improves clinical outcomes and patient adherence. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, outcomes-blinded trial designed to compare pharmaceutical care follow-up with standard care. After standard follow-up at the cardiology clinic, patients in the intervention group were seen by a clinical pharmacist two to five times as required over seven months. Pharmacists were trained to use motivational interviewing in the consultations and they tailored their support to each patient’s clinical needs and beliefs about medicines. The primary study end-point was the proportion of patients who reached the treatment goal for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12 months after discharge. The key secondary outcome was patient adherence to lipid-lowering therapy at 15 months after discharge, and other secondary outcomes were the effects on patient adherence to other preventive drugs, systolic blood pressure, disease-specific quality of life, and healthcare use. Results 316 patients were included. The proportion of patients who reached the target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 37.0% in the intervention group and 44.2% in the control group (P = .263). More intervention than control patients were adherent to cholesterol-lowering drugs (88 vs 77%; P = .033) and aspirin (97 vs 91%; P = .036) but not to beta-blocking agents or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors. Conclusions Our intervention had no positive effects on risk factors for CHD, but it increased patient adherence. Further investigation of the intervention process is needed to explore the difference in results between patient adherence and medication effects. Longer follow-up of healthcare use and mortality will determine if the increased adherence per se eventually will have a meaningful effect on patient health. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02102503, 03/04/2014 retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02178-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Johansson Östbring
- eHealth Institute, Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden. .,Pharmaceutical Department, Region Kalmar County, Building 2, floor 2, County Council Hospital, 391 85, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical Science, and Biofilm - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Petersson
- eHealth Institute, Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lina Hellström
- eHealth Institute, Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Pharmaceutical Department, Region Kalmar County, Building 2, floor 2, County Council Hospital, 391 85, Kalmar, Sweden
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14
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Cheli S, Lam WWT, Estapé T, Winterling J, Bahcivan O, Andritsch E, Weis J, Centeno I, Serpentini S, Farkas C, Wengström Y, Fioretto L, Baider L, Lam CCL, Goldzweig G. Risk perception, treatment adherence, and personality during COVID-19 pandemic: An international study on cancer patients. Psychooncology 2021; 31:46-53. [PMID: 34314560 PMCID: PMC8420575 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of personality traits in moderating the relation between COVID‐19 risk perception and treatment adherence, and between risk perception and psychosocial distress in patients diagnosed with cancer. Methods An online survey (n = 1281) was conducted worldwide in seven countries (Austria, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey). Inclusion criteria were to be 18 years of age or older, have received a cancer diagnosis, and be in treatment or follow‐up. A few moderated regression models were performed with both personality traits and Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology super‐spectra as moderators. Results Detachment, negative affectivity, psychoticism and all the super‐spectra significantly moderated the relation between coronavirus risk perception and psychosocial distress, after the adjusting effect of confidence in safeguards. Only negative affectivity moderated the association between coronavirus risk perception and treatment adherence. Conclusions Personality traits may foster the understanding of how a patient might adjust to cancer treatment and, more generically, to highly stressful events such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Further research is needed to confirm the results in different cancer stages and types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cheli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy
| | - Wendy W T Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jeanette Winterling
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ozan Bahcivan
- OZ Psychology Family Counselling Centre, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Joachim Weis
- Medical Faculty Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Clinic Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Centeno
- Fundación Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | | | | | - Yvonne Wengström
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luisa Fioretto
- Dipartimento Oncologico, USL Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy
| | - Lea Baider
- Assuta Medical Center, Oncology Institute, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Cherry C L Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Jockey Club Institute of Cancer Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gil Goldzweig
- The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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15
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Hernández-Huerta D, Parro-Torres C, Madoz-Gúrpide A, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno-Guillén S, Ochoa-Mangado E. Personality and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adult patients. J Psychosom Res 2021; 144:110413. [PMID: 33711635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been able to transform HIV infection into a chronic disease. However, ART adherence remains an important barrier and personality traits have been postulated as a factor to be considered. This study aims to identify personality traits that can affect ART adherence, taking into account other potentially influencing factors. METHODS Case-control study. Controls and cases were classified using the percentage ART dispensation as recorded in the Hospital Pharmacy database. Controls were defined as people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with percentage ART dispensation during the last year >95% and cases were defined as PLWHA with percentage ART dispensation during the last year <90%. Sociodemographic, clinical parameters of HIV infection, psychopathological and neuropsychological factors were collected. Personality was assessed using the NEO PI-R Personality Inventory, questionnaire based on the Five Factor Model of Personality. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression (SPSS v.22). RESULTS 125 PLWHA were included: 79 controls and 46 cases. After adjusting for confounding variables, logistic regression analysis showed that poor adherence was associated with Neuroticism (OR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.021-1.385) and Impulsivity (N5) (OR 1.5, 95%CI: 1.066-2.163). In contrast, each additional point in Order (C2) (OR 0.8, 95%CI: 0.679-0.992) or Values (O6) (OR 0.8, 95%CI: 0.710-0.974) were associated with good ART adherence. CONCLUSIONS Personality is a variable to be considered in ART adherence. Implementation of the personality in the assessment of PLWHA helps identify those individuals potentially more likely to exhibit poorer ART adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Parro-Torres
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno-Guillén
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Dziubek A, Brola W, Wilski M, Potemkowski A. Personality of patients with multiple sclerosis and the use of hippotherapy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102722. [PMID: 33385825 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippotherapy is an acknowledged form of rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis (MS) in Poland, but is still rarely used. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in the intensity of the personality traits of patients with MS who use and who do not use hippotherapy. METHODS The examination covered 92 patients with MS, aged 15-81 years old (85.9% women), average age 41.78 (± 15.02) years old, both using hippotherapy and not using this method of rehabilitation. The NEO-FFI Personality Inventory has been used for the study of personality traits. Socio-demographic and clinical data, as well as information regarding the use of hippotherapy, has been collected with the assistance of a self-designed survey. RESULTS For all of the patients, the trait expressed with the greatest intensity was conscientiousness (31 ± 7.51), and the least-expressed trait was neuroticism (24±10.42). 46% of the patients used hippotherapy and, compared to the non-users, they had a significantly greater level of agreeableness (34 v. 29, P<.001) and conscientiousness (33 v. 29, P=.009). Hippotherapy was most often used by the elderly patients (age average 49 ± 13.7, years old), while the average age of the non-users was 36 ± 13.6, years old (P<.001). Gender, education, place of residence, and economic status did not affect the choice of hippotherapy as a rehabilitation method. CONCLUSIONS The patients who use hippotherapy had a significantly higher level of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. The most important trait influencing the decision to try hippotherapy was agreeableness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dziubek
- Lubuski Institute of Psychotherapy and Creativity Dialog, Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Waldemar Brola
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wilski
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Potemkowski
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychoprophylaxis, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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17
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Diligent and disagreeable? The influence of personality on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence for obstructive sleep apnea. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05594. [PMID: 33305033 PMCID: PMC7708936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CPAP is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), though low adherence rates limit its benefits. Previous research has linked personality to a range of health behaviours including CPAP adherence. In keeping with these findings it was hypothesised that CPAP adherence would be positively correlated with conscientiousness and negatively correlated with emotionality. The present study also tested for an interaction between conscientiousness and emotionality as well as investigating the relationship between personality facets and adherence. Participants were 110 adults, diagnosed with OSA. After approximately one month's treatment, average nightly usage for the previous week was downloaded from the CPAP device. Participants also completed the HEXACO Personality Inventory – revised. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant relationship between CPAP adherence and conscientiousness or emotionality and no significant interaction. However, the diligence facet of conscientiousness showed a significant positive correlation with CPAP adherence (r = .23, p < .05). Unanticipated negative correlations were also found between CPAP adherence and agreeableness and two of its facets: gentleness (r = –.33, p < .01) and patience (r = –.22, p < .05). The results provide support for an association between CPAP adherence and personality. It is recommended that future research focus on facet level measurement, in particular the personality facets associated with conscientiousness and agreeableness.
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18
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Stinson EJ, Piaggi P, Votruba SB, Venti C, Lovato‐Morales B, Engel S, Krakoff J, Gluck ME. Is Dietary Nonadherence Unique to Obesity and Weight Loss? Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2020-2027. [PMID: 32808484 PMCID: PMC7644624 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight stigma is associated with poor dietary adherence, yet adherence is essential for weight loss and maintenance. This study aimed to determine differences in dietary adherence and perceived hunger between lean individuals and two groups of individuals with obesity. METHODS In a 6-week outpatient dietary intervention (23 males; aged 48 [SD 14] years), lean participants (n = 23; BMI 23 [SD 2] kg/m2 ) received a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMEN) diet, and participants with obesity (BMI 36 [SD 7]) were randomized to either WMEN (n = 18) or a 35% calorie-reduced (CR) diet (n = 19). All food was provided, and multiple adherence and hunger ratings were assessed daily and weekly on an outpatient basis and in person at twice-weekly visits (e.g., 24-hour recall, diaries). RESULTS Weight decreased more in the group of CR individuals with obesity (β = -0.301 kg/wk, P = 0.02) compared with the group of lean individuals and the group of WMEN individuals with obesity. However, total percent adherence did not differ between groups (P = 0.60), and hunger scores did not change across groups over time (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that there are no differences in dietary adherence between lean individuals and individuals with obesity and adherence is not associated with adiposity or hunger. Thus, the belief that nonadherence (e.g., lack of willpower) is unique to obesity is untrue and may perpetuate weight bias and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Colleen Venti
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Barbara Lovato‐Morales
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Marci E. Gluck
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research SectionNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthPhoenixArizonaUSA
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19
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Abstract
Objectives: Problems in subjective executive function, the perceived cognitive control of mental processes for goal-directed behavior, may indicate cognitive impairment in older adulthood. Although, previous studies highlight the importance of personality on objective cognitive performance, no studies clarify their role with subjective executive function. To inform methods of early identification of cognitive impairment, this study explored how temperament and personality traits account for problems in subjective executive function.Method: The current project examined the associations between temperament and personality on subjective executive function across two samples of community-dwelling older adults (65+ years, n1 = 25, n2 = 50). Both studies measured subjective executive function (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult) and separately administered scales on temperament (Adult Temperament Questionnaire) and personality (Big Five Inventory).Results: Concerning temperament, older adults higher in negative affect endorsed greater difficulty in subjective executive function. Regarding personality traits, older adults with higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness reported higher difficulty in subjective executive function.Conclusion: Findings enhance our understanding of subtle cognitive changes and may aid in early detection. In particular, distressful inclinations were associated with more reported problems in executive function whereas problem-solving tendencies were inversely related. Future work should examine if enhanced negativity coupled with analytical disengagement predicts problems in subjective executive function over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bell
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Nikki Hill
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Despina Stavrinos
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Corresponding author: Physical address: 916 Building, 916 19th Street South, Birmingham AL, 35294-2100, , Phone: 205.934.7891, Fax: 205.934.2295
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20
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Ghiggia A, Bianco A, Castelli L, Baratta F, Birocco N, Scaldaferri M, Milla P, Tesio V, Rosso S, Torta R, Brusa P, Cattel F. Adherence to oral chemotherapy: Evidence from a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 30:e13336. [PMID: 33006220 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a reinforcement message (RM) administered by a hospital pharmacist on adherence, through a randomised study involving patients undergoing oral chemotherapy from which an objective outcome measure and patients' subjective opinions were collected. A secondary aim was to detect which psychological or clinical factors influence adherence. METHODS Forty patients were enrolled and randomised to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG). The EG received a 10-minute RM provided by a hospital pharmacist with a doctor and a nurse. The CG received the standard of care. To measure adherence, plasma drug concentration and subjective evaluation were taken during the visits, in addition to a psychological assessment (coping strategies, psychological distress and personality traits). RESULTS The EG reported higher drug levels and a statistically significant higher mean score on the subjective evaluation. A linear regression model highlighted statistically significant differences in the plasma drug concentration, after considering toxicity and dose reduction and controlling for the Reward Dependence Scale of the Temperament and Character Inventory between the EG and the CG. CONCLUSION Adequate information and education on the therapy, using an RM strategy provided by a hospital pharmacist, seems to positively influence adherence to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ghiggia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Lorys Castelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Baratta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Birocco
- Department of Oncology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Milla
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Rosso
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torta
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Brusa
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cattel
- Hospital Pharmacy, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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21
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Martin P, Kim J, Jasper A, Baek Y, Russell D. The development of a brief measure of health personality. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2768-2780. [PMID: 32529852 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320931179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a brief assessment of health personality, defined as a set of individual dispositions that are directly related to health. In Study 1, an initial pool of items was developed with 615 older adults, 65 years of age and older. The scale was reduced to a 15-item version for use in applied health care settings. Results indicated that the 'Health Personality Assessment scale' has good internal consistency, and the five-factors correlated significantly with self-reported measures of physical health and well-being. In Study 2, the scale was cross-validated with 254 older adults from the Health Literacy and Cognitive Function among Older Adults Study. The scale was refined and a third study consisted of 3,907 older adults. Reliability and validity of the scale were confirmed. Future research should evaluate the usefulness of this scale in applied healthcare settings.
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22
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Cross AJ, Elliott RA, Petrie K, Kuruvilla L, George J. Interventions for improving medication-taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD012419. [PMID: 32383493 PMCID: PMC7207012 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012419.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people taking multiple medications represent a large and growing proportion of the population. Managing multiple medications can be challenging, and this is especially the case for older people, who have higher rates of comorbidity and physical and cognitive impairment than younger adults. Good medication-taking ability and medication adherence are necessary to ensure safe and effective use of medications. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve medication-taking ability and/or medication adherence in older community-dwelling adults prescribed multiple long-term medications. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from inception until June 2019. We also searched grey literature, online trial registries, and reference lists of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and cluster-RCTs. Eligible studies tested interventions aimed at improving medication-taking ability and/or medication adherence among people aged ≥ 65 years (or of mean/median age > 65 years), living in the community or being discharged from hospital back into the community, and taking four or more regular prescription medications (or with group mean/median of more than four medications). Interventions targeting carers of older people who met these criteria were also included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently reviewed abstracts and full texts of eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. We conducted meta-analyses when possible and used a random-effects model to yield summary estimates of effect, risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Narrative synthesis was performed when meta-analysis was not possible. We assessed overall certainty of evidence for each outcome using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Primary outcomes were medication-taking ability and medication adherence. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL), emergency department (ED)/hospital admissions, and mortality. MAIN RESULTS We identified 50 studies (14,269 participants) comprising 40 RCTs, six cluster-RCTs, and four quasi-RCTs. All included studies evaluated interventions versus usual care; six studies also reported a comparison between two interventions as part of a three-arm RCT design. Interventions were grouped on the basis of their educational and/or behavioural components: 14 involved educational components only, 7 used behavioural strategies only, and 29 provided mixed educational and behavioural interventions. Overall, our confidence in results regarding the effectiveness of interventions was low to very low due to a high degree of heterogeneity of included studies and high or unclear risk of bias across multiple domains in most studies. Five studies evaluated interventions for improving medication-taking ability, and 48 evaluated interventions for improving medication adherence (three studies evaluated both outcomes). No studies involved educational or behavioural interventions alone for improving medication-taking ability. Low-quality evidence from five studies, each using a different measure of medication-taking ability, meant that we were unable to determine the effects of mixed interventions on medication-taking ability. Low-quality evidence suggests that behavioural only interventions (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38; 4 studies) and mixed interventions (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.37; 12 studies) may increase the proportions of people who are adherent compared with usual care. We could not include in the meta-analysis results from two studies involving mixed interventions: one had a positive effect on adherence, and the other had little or no effect. Very low-quality evidence means that we are uncertain of the effects of educational only interventions (5 studies) on the proportions of people who are adherent. Low-quality evidence suggests that educational only interventions (SMD 0.16, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.43; 5 studies) and mixed interventions (SMD 0.47, 95% CI -0.08 to 1.02; 7 studies) may have little or no impact on medication adherence assessed through continuous measures of adherence. We excluded 10 studies (4 educational only and 6 mixed interventions) from the meta-analysis including four studies with unclear or no available results. Very low-quality evidence means that we are uncertain of the effects of behavioural only interventions (3 studies) on medication adherence when assessed through continuous outcomes. Low-quality evidence suggests that mixed interventions may reduce the number of ED/hospital admissions (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.90; 11 studies) compared with usual care, although results from six further studies that we were unable to include in meta-analyses indicate that the intervention may have a smaller, or even no, effect on these outcomes. Similarly, low-quality evidence suggests that mixed interventions may lead to little or no change in HRQoL (7 studies), and very low-quality evidence means that we are uncertain of the effects on mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.30; 7 studies). Moderate-quality evidence shows that educational interventions alone probably have little or no effect on HRQoL (6 studies) or on ED/hospital admissions (4 studies) when compared with usual care. Very low-quality evidence means that we are uncertain of the effects of behavioural interventions on HRQoL (1 study) or on ED/hospital admissions (2 studies). We identified no studies evaluating effects of educational or behavioural interventions alone on mortality. Six studies reported a comparison between two interventions; however due to the limited number of studies assessing the same types of interventions and comparisons, we are unable to draw firm conclusions for any outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Behavioural only or mixed educational and behavioural interventions may improve the proportion of people who satisfactorily adhere to their prescribed medications, but we are uncertain of the effects of educational only interventions. No type of intervention was found to improve adherence when it was measured as a continuous variable, with educational only and mixed interventions having little or no impact and evidence of insufficient quality to determine the effects of behavioural only interventions. We were unable to determine the impact of interventions on medication-taking ability. The quality of evidence for these findings is low due to heterogeneity and methodological limitations of studies included in the review. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to investigate the effects of interventions for improving medication-taking ability and medication adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Cross
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rohan A Elliott
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Kate Petrie
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lisha Kuruvilla
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Barwon Health, North Geelong, Australia
| | - Johnson George
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
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Suchy Y, Ziemnik RE, Niermeyer MA, Brothers SL. Executive functioning interacts with complexity of daily life in predicting daily medication management among older adults. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:797-825. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1694702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Aschwanden D, Gerend MA, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality traits and preventive cancer screenings in the Health Retirement Study. Prev Med 2019; 126:105763. [PMID: 31260725 PMCID: PMC6810562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Five-Factor model of personality has been associated with a wide range of health behaviors and health outcomes. However, few studies have examined whether personality traits are related to cancer screening in older adults. The present study investigated the cross-sectional associations between personality traits and the probability of obtaining a recent preventive screening for breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 14,394, Mage = 68.14 years, range = 50-102 years, 58.6% female) completed a personality inventory and reported on cancer screenings in the 2010-2012 assessment. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data, including age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, income, and wealth as covariates. Higher conscientiousness was associated with a higher likelihood of obtaining breast, cervical, and prostate screening. Higher extraversion was related to higher odds of breast, cervical, and colorectal screening. Higher neuroticism was linked to higher odds of colorectal screening, and conscientiousness moderated the link between neuroticism and cervical screening. These associations were significant in models that accounted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. The effect sizes were in the range of a 10-20% higher likelihood of cancer screening for 1 SD difference in personality. The present findings suggest that conscientiousness and extraversion were related to preventive cancer screenings, whereas neuroticism, openness and agreeableness were largely unrelated to the likelihood of such screenings. If these results are further replicated, health policy makers may consider personality traits when planning and implementing screening recommendations to improve preventive medicine.
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Smaje A, Weston‐Clark M, Raj R, Orlu M, Davis D, Rawle M. Factors associated with medication adherence in older patients: A systematic review. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:254-266. [PMID: 31410389 PMCID: PMC6692164 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication adherence is a major challenge in the treatment of older patients; however, they are under-represented in research. We undertook a systematic review focused on older patients to assess the reasons underlying non-adherence in this population. METHODS We searched multiple electronic databases for studies reporting reasons for non-adherence to medication regimens in patients aged 75 years and over. Our results were not limited to specific diseases, health-care settings, or geographical locations. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A narrative synthesis of findings was performed. RESULTS A total of 25 publications were included, all of which were in community settings. Frequent medication review and knowledge regarding the purpose of the medication were positively associated with adherence. Factors associated with poor adherence were multimorbidity, cognitive impairment, complex regimens with multiple prescribing physicians, and problems with drug storage or formulation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that interventions to improve adherence could focus on medication review aimed at simplifying regimens and educating patients about their treatment. Groups with poor adherence that may benefit most from such a model include patients with multiple comorbidities and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Smaje
- University College London Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maryse Weston‐Clark
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Mine Orlu
- University College London School of PharmacyLondonUK
| | - Daniel Davis
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mark Rawle
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College LondonLondonUK
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Chudiak A, Uchmanowicz I, Mazur G. Relation between cognitive impairment and treatment adherence in elderly hypertensive patients. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1409-1418. [PMID: 30122913 PMCID: PMC6084089 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonadherence to medical treatment and lack of cooperation in hypertensive patients >65 years of age are believed to be caused by a number of age-related problems, such as cognitive impairment. Numerous epidemiological and prospective studies have demonstrated that hypertension that remains untreated for many years or is unsuccessfully treated for reasons such as poor compliance and adherence of the patient may lead to cognitive impairment. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of cognitive impairment and its effect on treatment compliance and adherence in elderly hypertensive patients. Design This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Patients and methods The study was conducted on 300 patients aged 65-91 years (mean age=71.8 years, SD=7.8 years) diagnosed with hypertension. The following research tools were used: 1) Hill-Bone High Blood Pressure Compliance Scale (HBCS) and 2) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We also analyzed medical documentation to obtain basic sociodemographic and clinical data. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Wrocław (no KB-144/2016). Results Cognitive impairment occurred in 60% of the patients. A group of 63% patients complied with antihypertensive therapy, with the mean score of 20.8 points. Cognitive impairment was strongly correlated with the total score of the HBCS questionnaire (p<0.001) and two of its subscales: "appointment keeping" (p<0.001) and "medication taking" (p<0.001). Conclusion Compliance and adherence levels are higher in patients with a higher educational level, whereas male sex adversely affects treatment adherence in elderly hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chudiak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,
| | - Izabella Uchmanowicz
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department and Clinic of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Austin J, Klein K, Mattek N, Kaye J. Variability in medication taking is associated with cognitive performance in nondemented older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 6:210-213. [PMID: 28349120 PMCID: PMC5358531 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Interventions to slow cognitive decline typically can do little to reverse decline. Thus, early detection methods are critical. However, tools like cognitive testing are time consuming and require costly expertise. Changes in activities of daily living such as medication adherence may herald the onset of cognitive decline before clinical standards. Here, we determine the relationship between medication adherence and cognitive function in preclinical older adults. We objectively assessed medication adherence in 38 older adults (mean age 86.7 ± 6.9 years). Our results demonstrate that individuals with lower cognitive function have more spread in the timing of taking their medications (P = .014) and increase the spread in the timing of taking their medications over time (P = .012). These results demonstrate that continuous monitoring of medication adherence may provide the opportunity to identify patients experiencing slow cognitive decline in the earliest stages when pharmacologic or behavioral interventions may be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Austin
- Department of Neurology and the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Krystal Klein
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology and the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology and the Oregon Center for Aging and Technology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Predicting adherence to acupuncture appointments for low back pain: a prospective observational study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:5. [PMID: 28049527 PMCID: PMC5209924 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Acupuncture is a popular form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but it is not clear why patients do (or do not) follow acupuncturists’ treatment recommendations. This study aimed to investigate theoretically-derived predictors of adherence to acupuncture. Methods In a prospective study, adults receiving acupuncture for low back pain completed validated questionnaires at baseline, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Patients and acupuncturists reported attendance. Logistic regression tested whether illness perceptions, treatment beliefs, and treatment appraisals measured at 2 weeks predicted attendance at all recommended acupuncture appointments. Results Three hundred twenty-four people participated (aged 18–89 years, M = 55.9, SD = 14.4; 70% female). 165 (51%) attended all recommended acupuncture appointments. Adherence was predicted by appraising acupuncture as credible, appraising the acupuncturist positively, appraising practicalities of treatment positively, and holding pro-acupuncture treatment beliefs. A multivariable logistic regression model including demographic, clinical, and psychological predictors, fit the data well (χ2 (21) = 52.723, p < .001), explained 20% of the variance, and correctly classified 65.4% of participants as adherent/non-adherent. Conclusions The results partially support the dynamic extended common-sense model for CAM use. As hypothesised, attending all recommended acupuncture appointments was predicted by illness perceptions, treatment beliefs, and treatment appraisals. However, experiencing early changes in symptoms did not predict attendance. Acupuncturists could make small changes to consultations and service organisation to encourage attendance at recommended appointments and thus potentially improve patient outcomes.
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Bagby RM, Gralnick TM, Al‐Dajani N, Uliaszek AA. The role of the five‐factor model in personality assessment and treatment planning. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hudani ZK, Rojas-Fernandez CH. A scoping review on medication adherence in older patients with cognitive impairment or dementia. Res Social Adm Pharm 2016; 12:815-829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cross AJ, Elliott RA, George J. Interventions for improving medication-taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Cross
- Monash University; Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Parkville VIC Australia 3052
| | - Rohan A Elliott
- Monash University; Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Parkville VIC Australia 3052
- Austin Health; Pharmacy Department; Heidelberg Victoria Australia 3084
| | - Johnson George
- Monash University; Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Parkville VIC Australia 3052
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Leon L, Redondo M, Garcia-Vadillo A, Perez-Nieto MA, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Jover JA, Gonzalez-Alvaro I, Abasolo L. Influence of patient personality in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36:1549-1555. [PMID: 27614619 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individualized treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on genetic/serologic factors is increasingly accepted. Moreover, patients are more actively involved in the management of their disease. However, personality has received little attention with respect to perception of the need and adherence to treatment. Our objective was to evaluate whether patient personality was associated with the acceptance or rejection of more aggressive early treatment. We performed a cross-sectional study in two hospitals with early arthritis clinics where sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables are systematically recorded. Patients completed Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, Pain-Related Self-Statement Scale and Pain-Related Control Scale. Aggressive treatment was considered if patients received more than two DMARDs or biological agents during the first year of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of aggressive treatment. One hundred seventy-six RA patients were included (80 % women, disease begin median age 55 years). Treatment was considered aggressive in 57.9 % of the sample. Scores were high in extraversion in 50.8 % of patients, neuroticism in 29.5 % and psychoticism in 14.7 %. Neuroticism was the only factor associated with aggressive treatment, which was less probable (p = 0.04, OR = 0.40). Neuroticism also decreased the possibility of receiving a combination of biologics and DMARDs (p = 0.04, OR = 0.28). Patients with high scores on neuroticism are more worried, obsessive and hypochondriac, leading them to reject more aggressive therapy. It is important to educate about their disease so that they will accept more aggressive approaches in clear cases of poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Leon
- Rheumatology Department, IdISSC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alberto Garcia-Vadillo
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital La Princesa, IIS La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Rheumatology Department, IdISSC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Jover
- Rheumatology Department, IdISSC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lydia Abasolo
- Rheumatology Department, IdISSC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martin Lagos S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Pandhi N, Schumacher JR, Thorpe CT, Smith MA. Cross-sectional study examining whether the extent of first-contact access to primary care differentially benefits those with certain personalities to receive preventive services. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009738. [PMID: 26951211 PMCID: PMC4785317 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extent of first-contact access to primary care (ie, easy availability when needed) is associated with receiving recommended preventive services. Whether this access benefits patients at risk of preventive services underutilisation, such as those with certain personality characteristics, is unclear. SETTING Secondary analysis of the 2003-2006 round of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. PARTICIPANTS 6975 respondents who reported a usual provider whose specialty was internal medicine or family medicine. Those reporting not visiting a medical provider in the past 12 months, and those who were uninsured were excluded. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Receiving mammography, cholesterol testing and influenza vaccination. Adjusted predicted probabilities (aPP) of receiving these services were analysed stratified by personality characteristics overall, and if significant, then interacted with first-contact access. RESULTS Lower conscientiousness as compared with higher conscientiousness predicted less of all 3 preventive services; mammography (aPP 80%; 95% CI (77% to 83%) vs aPP 85%; (95% CI 82% to 87%)), cholesterol testing (88%; (85% to 90%) vs 93% (91% to 94%), and influenza vaccination (62%; (59% to 64%) vs 66%; (63% to 68%)). Lower agreeableness as compared with higher agreeableness predicted less mammography (77%; (73% to 81%) vs 84%; (82% to 87%)) and less influenza vaccination (59%; (56% to 62%) vs 65%; (63% to 68%)). Lower extraversion predicted less cholesterol testing (88%; (86% to 91%) vs (92%; (90% to 94%)). Lower openness to experience predicted less influenza vaccination (59%; (56% to 63%) vs (68%; (65% to 70%)). For agreeableness, these differences in receiving preventive services did not persist when first-contact access to primary care was present. CONCLUSIONS Certain personality characteristics predicted receiving less preventive care services. For those with less agreeableness, improved first-contact access to primary care mitigated this effect. If these results are replicated in other studies, primary care offices seeking to improve population health through receiving preventive services should prioritise increasing their first-contact accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Pandhi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Health Innovation Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jessica R Schumacher
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carolyn T Thorpe
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Health Services Research and Development, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen A Smith
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Health Innovation Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Fuellen G, Schofield P, Flatt T, Schulz RJ, Boege F, Kraft K, Rimbach G, Ibrahim S, Tietz A, Schmidt C, Köhling R, Simm A. Living Long and Well: Prospects for a Personalized Approach to the Medicine of Ageing. Gerontology 2015; 62:409-16. [PMID: 26675034 DOI: 10.1159/000442746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into ageing and its underlying molecular basis enables us to develop and implement targeted interventions to ameliorate or cure its consequences. However, the efficacy of interventions often differs widely between individuals, suggesting that populations should be stratified or even individualized. Large-scale cohort studies in humans, similar systematic studies in model organisms as well as detailed investigations into the biology of ageing can provide individual validated biomarkers and mechanisms, leading to recommendations for targeted interventions. Human cohort studies are already ongoing, and they can be supplemented by in silico simulations. Systematic studies in animal models are made possible by the use of inbred strains or genetic reference populations of mice. Combining the two, a comprehensive picture of the various determinants of ageing and 'health span' can be studied in detail, and an appreciation of the relevance of results from model organisms to humans is emerging. The interactions between genotype and environment, particularly the psychosocial environment, are poorly studied in both humans and model organisms, presenting serious challenges to any approach to a personalized medicine of ageing. To increase the success of preventive interventions, we argue that there is a pressing need for an individualized evaluation of interventions such as physical exercise, nutrition, nutraceuticals and calorie restriction mimetics as well as psychosocial and environmental factors, separately and in combination. The expected extension of the health span enables us to refocus health care spending on individual prevention, starting in late adulthood, and on the brief period of morbidity at very old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine und Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Yap AF, Thirumoorthy T, Kwan YH. Systematic review of the barriers affecting medication adherence in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16:1093-1101. [PMID: 26482548 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Medication adherence is a crucial part in the management of chronic diseases. As older adults form a greater proportion of the population with chronic diseases and multiple morbidities, understanding medication adherence in older adults becomes important. In the present article, we aimed to systematically review the literature for the factors associated with medication adherence in the geriatric population. We carried out a literature search using electronic databases and related keywords. 17 391 articles were reviewed in total. 65 articles were found to be relevant to our objective. A total of 80 factors of five different categories were found to be associated with medication adherence in older adults. The factors, the types of studies and the number of studies that agreed or disagreed were presented. A flower model for medication adherence was also presented to allow clinicians to better understand the complex nature of medication adherence in this population. The 80 factors reviewed were categorized into five main categories; namely, patient factors, medication factors, physician factors, system-based factors and other factors as factors affecting poor medication adherence in older adults. Clinicians need to be mindful of the complex nature of factors affecting medication adherence in this population to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Clinicians have to be more skillful to discover and to optimize the medication adherence factors in geriatric patients. The flower model is presented as a framework for clinicians to better understand the various factors affecting medication adherence in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1093-1101.
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Leahy D, Treacy K, Molloy GJ. Conscientiousness and adherence to the oral contraceptive pill: A prospective study. Psychol Health 2015; 30:1346-60. [PMID: 26087993 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2015.1062095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assess the association between conscientiousness and adherence to the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and examine if such a relationship is independent of a measure of prospective memory and a range of social cognitive variables. METHOD Data were collected from 150 OCP users at baseline, and 99 provided follow-up data four weeks later. Conscientiousness, a range of social cognitive predictors and prospective memory were assessed at baseline. OCP adherence was measured at baseline, and again at Time 2. Data were analysed using correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Higher conscientiousness was associated with higher overall OCP adherence in both cross-sectional (r = -0.28, p < 0.01) and prospective analysis (r = -0.34, p < 0.01). Conscientiousness predicted OCP adherence at Time 2, adjusting for OCP adherence at Time 1 (R(2) change = 0.02, p = 0.04). The association was reduced to non-significance when social cognitive predictors and prospective memory were included in the multivariable model. Prospective memory was an independent predictor of OCP adherence at Time 2. DISCUSSION This is the first study to identify an association between conscientiousness and OCP adherence. The association is not independent from social cognitive predictors and prospective memory. Facet-level analysis of conscientiousness and formal mediation analyses are recommended in future replications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leahy
- a School of Psychology , National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - K Treacy
- a School of Psychology , National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - G J Molloy
- a School of Psychology , National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
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Hirakawa Y, Hilawe EH, Chiang C, Kawazoe N, Aoyama A. Comprehensive medication management services influence medication adherence among Japanese older people. J Rural Med 2015; 10:79-83. [PMID: 26705432 PMCID: PMC4689736 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Assistance from health professionals is very important to ensure
medication adherence among older people. The present study aimed to assess the
relationship between receipt of comprehensive medication management services by primary
care physicians and medication adherence among community-dwelling older people in rural
Japan. Methods: Data including medication adherence and whether or not a doctor
knew all the kinds of medicines being taken were obtained from individuals aged 65 years
or older who underwent an annual health checkup between February 2013 and March 2014 at a
public clinic in Asakura. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: adherent (always) and
non-adherent (not always). A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the
association between the presence of a doctor who was fully responsible for medication
adherence and self-reported adherence. Predictors that exhibited significant association
(p-value < 0.05) with medication adherence in a univariate analysis
were entered in the model as possible confounding factors. The results were presented as
odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among four-hundred ninety-seven subjects in total, the adherent
group included 430 subjects (86.5%), and its members were older than those of the
non-adherent group. Significant predictors of good medication adherence included older
age, no discomforting symptoms, eating regularly, diabetes mellitus and having a doctor
who knew all the kinds of medicines being taken. After being adjusted for confounding
variables, the subjects with a doctor who knew all the kinds of medicines they were taking
were three times more likely to be adherent to medication (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.44-6.99). Conclusion: Receipt of comprehensive medication management services for
older people was associated with medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Esayas Haregot Hilawe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chifa Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawazoe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsuko Aoyama
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Kutzelnigg A, Kopeinig M, Chen CK, Fábián A, Pujol-Luna MG, Shin YC, Treuer T, D'yachkova Y, Deix C, Kasper S, Doby D. Compliance as a stable function in the treatment course of bipolar disorder in patients stabilized on olanzapine: results from a 24-month observational study. Int J Bipolar Disord 2014; 2:13. [PMID: 25360398 PMCID: PMC4206769 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-014-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compliance is a key factor in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. This noninterventional study was conducted to explore factors associated with higher levels of compliance in bipolar patients, all treated in routine clinical settings. Bipolar outpatients (Clinical Global Impression of Severity score ≤3) who had been stabilized with olanzapine mono- or combination therapy for ≥4 weeks were enrolled in the study. Compliance to medication was assessed at baseline and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months by a physician-rated, 4-point categorical scale using the following classification: noncompliant (patients being compliant to treatment schedule less than 20% of the time) and low (20% to 59% of the time), moderate (60% to 79% of the time), and high (≥80% of the time) levels of compliance. Both baseline and post-baseline factors were used in a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model to predict the likelihood of high compliance. Of 891 eligible patients, 657 patients completed the 24-month observation period. High levels of compliance (≥80%) were observed in 67% of patients at baseline, increasing to 80% in study completers. High compliance at baseline was identified as a strong predictor of compliance during study participation (odds ratio (OR) = 6.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.0 to 9.5, p < 0.001). Factors associated with high compliance during the study (GEE model) included greater life satisfaction (p = 0.002), better insight into illness (p < 0.001), less work impairment (p = 0.007), and fewer days of inpatient care (p = 0.002). Compliance ratings varied by country (p < 0.001) and duration of post-baseline treatment (p = 0.014). In conclusion, a number of clinical, functional, and social factors were identified as predictors of compliance in patients with bipolar disorder. As compliance is crucial for the long-term management of these patients, more attention should be directed towards compliance itself and factors associated with compliance levels in everyday treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kutzelnigg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Kopeinig
- Psychosoziale Dienste in Wien (PSD), Mariahilfer Strasse 77-79, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, No.200 Lane 208, Ji-Jin 1st Road, Anle District, Keelung City, 204 Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Agnes Fábián
- Réthy Pál Kórház-Rendelőintézet, Békéscsaba, Hungary
| | | | | | - Tamás Treuer
- Eli Lilly, Madách u. 13-14. (VII. emelet), 1075 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Claudia Deix
- Eli Lilly, Kölblgasse 8-10, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Doby
- Eli Lilly, Kölblgasse 8-10, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Molloy GJ, O'Carroll RE, Ferguson E. Conscientiousness and medication adherence: a meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med 2014; 47:92-101. [PMID: 23783830 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately a quarter to a half of all people fail to take their medication regimen as prescribed (i.e. non-adherence). Conscientiousness, from the five-factor model of personality, has been positively linked to adherence to medications in several recent studies. PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically estimate the strength and variability of this association across multiple published articles and to identify moderators of this relationship. METHOD A literature search identified 16 studies (N = 3,476) that met the study eligibility criteria. Estimates of effect sizes (r) obtained in these studies were meta-analysed. RESULTS Overall, a higher level of conscientiousness was associated with better medication adherence (r = 0.15; 95 % CI, 0.09, 0.21). Associations were significantly stronger in younger samples (r = 0.26, 95 % CI, 0.17, 0.34; k = 7). CONCLUSION The small association between conscientiousness and medication adherence may have clinical significance in contexts where small differences in adherence result in clinically important effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,
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Seo I, Suh SI, Suh MH, Baek WK. Genome-wide association study of medication adherence in chronic diseases in the korean population. Genomics Inform 2014; 12:121-6. [PMID: 25317111 PMCID: PMC4196376 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2014.12.3.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication adherence is generally defined as the extent of voluntary cooperation of a patient in taking medicine as prescribed. Adherence to long-term treatment with chronic disease is essential for reducing disease comorbidity and mortality. However, medication non-adherence in chronic disease averages 50%. This study was conducted a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic basis of medication adherence. A total of 235 medication non-adherents and 1,067 medication adherents with hypertension or diabetes were used from the Korean Association Resource project data according to the self-reported treatment status of each chronic disease, respectively. We identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms with suggestive genome-wide association. The most significant single nucleotide polymorphism was rs6978712 (chromosome 7, p = 4.87 × 10-7), which is located proximal to the GCC1 gene, which was previously implicated in decision-making capability in drug abusers. Two suggestive single nucleotide polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with rs6978712. Thus, in the aspect of decision-making in adherence behavior, the association between medication adherence and three loci proximal to the GCC1 gene seems worthy of further research. However, to overcome a few limitations in this study, defining the standardized phenotype criteria for self-reported adherence should be performed before replicating association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Il Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, Korea
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Ireland ME, Hepler J, Li H, Albarracín D. Neuroticism and attitudes toward action in 19 countries. J Pers 2014; 83:243-50. [PMID: 24684688 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although individuals scoring high on Neuroticism tend to avoid taking action when faced with challenges, Neuroticism is also characterized by impulsivity. To explore cognitive biases related to this costly behavior pattern, we tested whether individuals who rated themselves as higher in Neuroticism would evaluate the general concepts of action and inaction as, respectively, more negative and positive. We further investigated whether anxiety and depression would mediate and individualism-collectivism would moderate these relations in a large international sample. Participants (N = 3,827 college students; 69% female) from 19 countries completed surveys measuring Neuroticism, attitudes toward action and inaction, depression, anxiety, and individualism-collectivism. Hierarchical linear models tested the above predictions. Neuroticism negatively correlated with attitudes toward action and positively correlated with attitudes toward inaction. Furthermore, anxiety was primarily responsible for emotionally unstable individuals' less positive attitudes toward action, and individuals who endorsed more collectivistic than individualistic beliefs showed a stronger negative association between Neuroticism and attitudes toward action. Researchers and practitioners interested in understanding and remediating the negative consequences of Neuroticism should pay greater attention to attitudes toward action and inaction, particularly focusing on their links with anxiety and individualism-collectivism.
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Adolescents' use of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: predictors of compliance trajectories. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1743-52. [PMID: 24595505 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous research has shown limited efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among adolescents and generally low compliance rates. As higher compliance rates are associated with improved abstinence rates, the present study examined predictors of NRT compliance. OBJECTIVES This study aims to test whether different NRT compliance trajectories can be distinguished among adolescents, to test whether these trajectories can be predicted by demographic, smoking-related, and personality factors, and to examine abstinence rates for each trajectory. METHODS Data were used from a randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of nicotine patches versus placebo patches among 265 Dutch adolescents. During NRT treatment, adolescents filled out six online questionnaires in which they reported on the number of days they used the patches. Predictors (i.e., demographic and smoking-related factors and personality characteristics) and end-of-treatment abstinence were also administered through these self-reports. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to analyze compliance data by classifying individuals into similar growth trajectories. RESULTS Three compliance trajectories were found (i.e., "compliers" (n = 89), "moderate decreasers" (n = 41), and "strong decreasers" (n = 127)). The compliers can be characterized by higher levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness and lower levels of extraversion compared with the strong decreasers, and by higher levels of conscientiousness and education compared with the moderate decreasers. Among the compliers, a substantially higher percentage of adolescents achieved abstinence at end-of-treatment (10 %) compared with the moderate decreasers (3 %) and the strong decreasers (6 %). CONCLUSIONS These findings could be the starting point for person-tailored interventions that aim to enhance NRT compliance rates among adolescents.
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Friedman B, Veazie PJ, Chapman BP, Manning WG, Duberstein PR. Is personality associated with health care use by older adults? Milbank Q 2013; 91:491-527. [PMID: 24028697 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The patterns of health care utilization in the United States pose well-established challenges for public policy. Although economic and sociological research has resulted in considerable knowledge about what influences the use of health services, the psychological literature in this area is underdeveloped. Importantly, it is not known whether personality traits are associated with older adults' use of acute and long-term care services. METHODS Data were collected from 1,074 community-dwelling seniors participating in a Medicare demonstration. First they completed a self-report questionnaire measuring the "Big Five" personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. During the next two years, the participants maintained daily journals of their use of health care services. We used regression models based on the Andersen behavioral model of health care utilization to test for associations. FINDINGS Our hypothesis that higher Neuroticism would be associated with greater health care use was confirmed for three services-probability of any emergency department (ED) use, likelihood of any custodial nursing home use, and more skilled nursing facility (SNF) days for SNF users-but was disconfirmed for hospital days for those hospitalized. Higher Openness to Experience was associated with a greater likelihood of custodial home care use, and higher Agreeableness and lower Conscientiousness with a higher probability of custodial nursing home use. For users, lower Openness was associated with more ED visits and SNF days, and lower Conscientiousness with more ED visits. For many traits with significant associations, the predicted use was 16 to 30 percent greater for people high (low) versus low (high) in specific traits. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits are associated with Medicare beneficiaries' use of many expensive health care services, findings that have implications for health services research and policy. Accordingly, person-centered interventions, population-based translational effectiveness programs, and other personalized approaches that leverage the profound advances in personality psychology in recent decades should be considered.
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Czeche S, Schüssel K, Franzmann A, Burkart M, Schulz M. Dosage strength is associated with medication persistence with Ginkgo biloba drug products: a cohort study of ambulatory drug claims data in Germany. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:278. [PMID: 24156348 PMCID: PMC4015864 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Ginkgo biloba drugs (Gb) are reimbursed within the German statutory health insurance (SHI) scheme for treatment of dementia. In 2008, a novel Gb product containing 240 mg Ginkgo extract EGb761® per tablet was introduced aiming to facilitate medication use by incorporating the recommended daily dose in one single tablet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dosage strength and persistence in a representative population of patients treated with Gb. Methods Retrospective cohort study in ambulatory drug claims database within the German SHI system. Persistence was defined as continuous treatment with an allowable gap of 20% between refills. Multivariate regression models were conducted to identify variables associated with persistence. Results Among 13,810 patients initiating treatment with Gb in 2008, 430 (3.1%) received a dosage strength of 240 mg, 7,070 (51.2%) a dosage strength of 120 mg and 6,310 (45.7%) dosage strengths containing less than 120 mg Gb per tablet. After 6 months, persistence was highest for patients treated with the 240 mg dosage form (22.8% of patients), although persistence was low in general (5.7% and 0% of patients treated with 120 mg and less than 120 mg, respectively). Risk for non-persistence was reduced in patients receiving 240 mg products compared to 120 mg (HR = 0.63; 95%CI 0.57 – 0.70). Conclusions Patients initially treated with Gb 240 mg were more persistent compared to those receiving lower dosage strengths. Nevertheless, persistence with Gb therapy is generally low and should be improved in order to better realize therapeutic effects.
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Bogg T, Roberts BW. The case for conscientiousness: evidence and implications for a personality trait marker of health and longevity. Ann Behav Med 2013; 45:278-88. [PMID: 23225322 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent initiatives by major funding agencies have emphasized translational and personalized approaches (e.g., genetic testing) to health research and health management. While such directives are appropriate, and will likely produce tangible health benefits, we seek to highlight a confluence of several lines of research showing relations between the personality dimension of conscientiousness and a variety of health-related outcomes. METHODS Using a modified health process model, we review the compelling evidence linking conscientiousness to health and disease processes, including longevity, diseases, morbidity-related risk factors, health-related psychophysiological mechanisms, health-related behaviors, and social environmental factors related to health. CONCLUSION We argue the accumulated evidence supports greater integration of conscientiousness into public health, epidemiological, and medical research, with the ultimate aim of understanding how facilitating more optimal trait standing might foster better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bogg
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Sirri L, Fava GA, Sonino N. The unifying concept of illness behavior. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 82:74-81. [PMID: 23295460 DOI: 10.1159/000343508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of illness behavior was introduced to indicate the ways in which given symptoms may be perceived, evaluated and acted upon at an individual level. Illness behavior may vary greatly according to illness-related, patient-related and doctor-related variables and their complex interactions. In the past decades, important lines of research have been concerned with illness perception, frequent attendance at medical facilities, health care-seeking behavior, treatment-seeking behavior, delay in seeking treatment, and treatment adherence. They have, however, mostly investigated single aspects separately. In this concise review, we suggest that the concept of illness behavior may provide a unifying framework and useful insights to observations and findings that would otherwise remain scattered and unrelated in the medical literature. The wide range of expressions of illness behavior is likely to affect the presentation of any disease and its identification, course and treatment. Assessing illness behavior and devising appropriate responses by health care providers may contribute to the improvement of final outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sirri
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Jerant A, Kravitz RL, Fiscella K, Sohler N, Romero RL, Parnes B, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Turner C, Dvorak S, Franks P. Effects of tailored knowledge enhancement on colorectal cancer screening preference across ethnic and language groups. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2013; 90:103-110. [PMID: 22985627 PMCID: PMC3522756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tailoring to psychological constructs (e.g. self-efficacy, readiness) motivates behavior change, but whether knowledge tailoring alone changes healthcare preferences--a precursor of behavior change in some studies--is unknown. We examined this issue in secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial of a tailored colorectal cancer (CRC) screening intervention, stratified by ethnicity/language subgroups (Hispanic/Spanish, Hispanic/English, non-Hispanic/English). METHODS Logistic regressions compared effects of a CRC screening knowledge-tailored intervention versus a non-tailored control on preferences for specific test options (fecal occult blood or colonoscopy), in the entire sample (N=1164) and the three ethnicity/language subgroups. RESULTS Pre-intervention, preferences for specific tests did not differ significantly between study groups (experimental, 64.5%; control 62.6%). Post-intervention, more experimental participants (78.6%) than control participants (67.7%) preferred specific tests (P<0.001). Adjusting for pre-intervention preferences, more experimental group participants than control group participants preferred specific tests post-intervention [average marginal effect (AME)=9.5%, 95% CI 5.3-13.6; P<0.001]. AMEs were similar across ethnicity/language subgroups. CONCLUSION Knowledge tailoring increased preferences for specific CRC screening tests across ethnic and language groups. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS If the observed preference changes are found to translate into behavior changes, then knowledge tailoring alone may enhance healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jerant
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Andersen SL, Sun JX, Sebastiani P, Huntly J, Gass JD, Feldman L, Bae H, Christiansen L, Perls TT. Personality factors in the Long Life Family Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2012; 68:739-49. [PMID: 23275497 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbs117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate personality profiles of Long Life Family Study participants relative to population norms and offspring of centenarians from the New England Centenarian Study. METHOD Personality domains of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness were assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory in 4,937 participants from the Long Life Family Study (mean age 70 years). A linear mixed model of age and gender was implemented adjusting for other covariates. RESULTS A significant age trend was found in all five personality domains. On average, the offspring generation of long-lived families scored low in neuroticism, high in extraversion, and within average values for the other three domains. Older participants tended to score higher in neuroticism and lower in the other domains compared with younger participants, but the estimated scores generally remained within average population values. No significant differences were found between long-lived family members and their spouses. DISCUSSION Personality factors and more specifically low neuroticism and high extraversion may be important for achieving extreme old age. In addition, personality scores of family members were not significantly different from those of their spouses, suggesting that environmental factors may play a significant role in addition to genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Andersen
- New England Centenarian Study, Robinson 2400, 88 E Newton St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Doucette WR, Farris KB, Youland KM, Newland BA, Egerton SJ, Barnes JM. Development of the Drug Adherence Work-up (DRAW) tool. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2012; 52:e199-204. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2012.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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