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Pancracine, a Montanine-Type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid, Inhibits Proliferation of A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in MOLT-4 Leukemic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137014. [PMID: 34209868 PMCID: PMC8269071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancracine, a montanine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloid (AA), is one of the most potent compounds among natural isoquinolines. In previous studies, pancracine exhibited cytotoxic activity against diverse human cancer cell lines in vitro. However, further insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the cytotoxic effect of pancracine have not been reported and remain unknown. To fill this void, the cell proliferation and viability of cancer cells was explored using the Trypan Blue assay or by using the xCELLigence system. The impact on the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V/PI and by quantifying the activity of caspases (-3/7, -8, and -9). Proteins triggering growth arrest or apoptosis were detected by Western blotting. Pancracine has strong antiproliferative activity on A549 cells, lasting up to 96 h, and antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on MOLT-4 cells. The apoptosis-inducing activity of pancracine in MOLT-4 cells was evidenced by the significantly higher activity of caspases. This was transmitted through the upregulation of p53 phosphorylated on Ser392, p38 MAPK phosphorylated on Thr180/Tyr182, and upregulation of p27. The pancracine treatment negatively altered the proliferation of A549 cells as a consequence of an increase in G1-phase accumulation, associated with the downregulation of Rb phosphorylated on Ser807/811 and with the concomitant upregulation of p27 and downregulation of Akt phosphorylated on Thr308. This was the first study to glean a deeper mechanistic understanding of pancracine activity in vitro. Perturbation of the cell cycle and induction of apoptotic cell death were considered key mechanisms of pancracine action.
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Hu N, White LV, Lan P, Banwell MG. The Chemical Synthesis of the Crinine and Haemanthamine Alkaloids: Biologically Active and Enantiomerically-Related Systems that Serve as Vehicles for Showcasing New Methodologies for Molecular Assembly. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030765. [PMID: 33540725 PMCID: PMC7867252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The title alkaloids, often referred to collectively as crinines, are a prominent group of structurally distinct natural products with additional members being reported on a regular basis. As such, and because of their often notable biological properties, they have attracted attention as synthetic targets since the mid-1950s. Such efforts continue unabated and more recent studies on these alkaloids have focused on using them as vehicles for showcasing the utility of new synthetic methods. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the nearly seventy-year history of these synthetic endeavors.
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Koutová D, Maafi N, Havelek R, Opletal L, Blunden G, Řezáčová M, Cahlíková L. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Montanine-Type Alkaloids Isolated from Plants of the Amaryllidaceae Family. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102337. [PMID: 32429491 PMCID: PMC7288066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the Amaryllidaceae family are promising therapeutic tools for human diseases and have been used as alternative medicines. The specific secondary metabolites of this plant family, called Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AA), have attracted considerable attention due to their interesting pharmacological activities. One of them, galantamine, is already used in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease as a long acting, selective, reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. One group of AA is the montanine-type, such as montanine, pancracine and others, which share a 5,11-methanomorphanthridine core. So far, only 14 montanine-type alkaloids have been isolated. Compared with other structural-types of AA, montanine-type alkaloids are predominantly present in plants in low concentrations, but some of them display promising biological properties, especially in vitro cytotoxic activity against different cancerous cell lines. The present review aims to summarize comprehensively the research that has been published on the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of montanine-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Koutová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (R.H.); (M.Ř.)
| | - Negar Maafi
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (N.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (R.H.); (M.Ř.)
| | - Lubomír Opletal
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (N.M.); (L.O.)
| | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire P01 2DT, UK;
| | - Martina Řezáčová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (R.H.); (M.Ř.)
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (N.M.); (L.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhou F, Zhao E, Yan Z, Chen D, Zhao Y. Synthesis of 3,4-diarylsubstituted hexahydro-1H-indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yao Q, Zhou X, Zhang X, Wang C, Wang P, Li M. Convenient synthesis of 6-alkyl phenanthridines and 1-alkyl isoquinolines via silver-catalyzed oxidative radical decarboxylation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:957-971. [PMID: 28059413 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02331b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 6-alkyl phenanthridines and 1-alkyl isoquinolines has been developed. The reaction relies on the coupling of 2-isocyanobiphenyls and vinyl isonitriles with alkyl radicals formed by the silver-catalyzed decarboxylation of stoichiometric aliphatic carboxylic acids, and affords diverse phenanthridine and isoquinoline derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The experiment of β-scission of cyclobutylcarbinyl radicals is used to shed light on the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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Du K, Yang H, Guo P, Feng L, Xu G, Zhou Q, Chung LW, Tang W. Efficient syntheses of (-)-crinine and (-)-aspidospermidine, and the formal synthesis of (-)-minfiensine by enantioselective intramolecular dearomative cyclization. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6247-6256. [PMID: 28989658 PMCID: PMC5628388 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective dearomative cyclization has enabled the concise and enantioselective total syntheses of (–)-crinine and (–)-aspidospermidine, as well as a formal total synthesis of (–)-minfiensine.
Polycyclic alkaloids bearing all-carbon quaternary centers possess a diversity of biological activities and are challenging targets in natural product synthesis. The development of a general and asymmetric catalytic method applicable to the efficient syntheses of a series of complex polycyclic alkaloids remains highly desirable in synthetic chemistry. Herein we describe an efficient palladium-catalyzed enantioselective dearomative cyclization which is capable of synthesizing two important classes of tricyclic nitrogen-containing skeleton, chiral dihydrophenanthridinone and dihydrocarbazolone derivatives bearing all-carbon quaternary centers, in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The P-chiral monophosphorus ligand AntPhos is crucial for the reactivity and enantioselectivity, and the choice of the N-phosphoramide protecting group is essential for the desired chemoselectivity. This method has enabled the enantioselective total syntheses of three distinctive and challenging biologically important polycyclic alkaloids, specifically a concise and gram-scale synthesis of (–)-crinine, an efficient synthesis of indole alkaloid (–)-aspidospermidine and a formal enantioselective synthesis of (–)-minfiensine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic & Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic & Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic & Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic & Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - Guangqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic & Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - Qinghai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055 , China.,College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic & Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
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