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Shaw S, Slovak K, Kirven J. Social Workers and Black Barbers: A Collaboration to Address Mental Health Stigma. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:650-665. [PMID: 38975811 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2376103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Black men need safe spaces to express emotions free from bias and stigma. They have been underserved in emotional support due to systemic inequalities. Creating nurturing environments can empower Black men to heal from trauma. Stigma plays a crucial role in their reluctance to seek mental health treatment. This research uses a qualitative approach, combining an action research methodology with a generic qualitative inquiry. This study was conducted to answer the following research question: How can social workers and barbers collaborate to address the stigma of mental health treatment among Black men better? In this study, five social workers, five barbers, and five social work supervisors were interviewed to collect data for the study. Audio recordings were transcribed, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Several key themes emerged: (a) collaboration strategies, (b) barbershops as safe spaces, (c) overcoming stigma, (d) cultural competence, and (e) challenges and barriers. The research study produced a pamphlet aimed at raising awareness of mental health stigma's impact on Black men. The implications for the study highlight that partnerships between social workers and barbers can play a pivotal role in dismantling stereotypes and barriers associated with mental health issues among Black men, fostering a cultural shift toward greater mental well-being, acceptance, and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- SyQuon Shaw
- Growing Young Minds, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Joshua Kirven
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte Institution, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Sanders AA, Roberts JD, McDowell MC, Muller A. The Consequences of Misdiagnosing Race-Based Trauma Response in Black Men: A Critical Examination. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:721-733. [PMID: 39033343 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2380821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness is a significant public health concern prevalent in America. Over one in five U.S. adults are affected, yet less than half receive treatment. Among African Americans, only one in three seek treatment with statically lower rates among Black males. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment, while misdiagnosis leads to stigma, discrimination, and untreated illness. This paper examines the implications of misdiagnosing trauma responses in Black men, highlighting systemic biases that impede suitable care and perpetuate negative narratives. The authors propose a conceptual framework incorporating historical trauma, discrimination, and traumatic stress reactions, emphasizing the need for cultural competence and humility. This framework involves public narratives that influence perceptions and judgments, reviewing research evidence, advocating for competent trauma assessments, community empowerment, and future research directions. This paper underscores the importance of understanding and addressing the unique challenges Black men face in mental health diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Sanders
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
| | - J Dontaè Roberts
- School of Health Sciences, Winston Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melvin C McDowell
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan, USA
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Choi E, Berkman AM, Battle A, Betts AC, Salsman JM, Milam J, Andersen CR, Miller KA, Peterson SK, Lu Q, Cheung CK, Livingston JA, Hildebrandt MAT, Parsons SK, Freyer DR, Roth ME. Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among Black survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer. Cancer 2024; 130:3011-3022. [PMID: 38676935 PMCID: PMC11309887 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer experience significant psychological distress and encounter barriers to accessing mental health care. Few studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in psychological health outcomes among AYA survivors, and none have compared outcomes within a racially minoritized population. METHODS National Health Interview Survey data (2010-2018) were analyzed that identified non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) survivors of AYA cancer and age- and sex-matched Black noncancer controls. Sociodemographic factors, chronic health conditions, modifiable behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), and psychological outcomes were assessed with χ2 tests. Logistic regression models, adjusted for survey weights, were used to evaluate the odds of psychological distress by cancer status after adjusting for covariates. Interactions between variables and cancer status were investigated. RESULTS The study included 334 Black survivors of AYA cancer and 3340 Black controls. Compared to controls, survivors were more likely to report moderate/severe distress (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; p < .001), use mental health care (OR, 1.53; p = .027), report an inability to afford mental health care (OR, 3.82; p < .001), and use medication for anxiety and/or depression (OR, 2.16; p = .001). Forty-one percent of survivors reported moderate/severe distress, and only 15% used mental health care. Among survivors, ages 18-39 years (vs. 40-64 years) and current smoking (vs. never smoking) were associated with the presence of moderate/severe distress. Among survivors with distress, high poverty status was associated with reduced utilization of mental health care. CONCLUSIONS A cancer diagnosis for a Black AYA is associated with greater psychological distress within an already vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Choi
- Department of Nursing, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy M Berkman
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aryce Battle
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea C Betts
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John M Salsman
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel Milam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly A Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan K Peterson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qian Lu
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - J A Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle A T Hildebrandt
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan K Parsons
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David R Freyer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael E Roth
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Richardson BT, Jackson J, Marable G, Barker J, Gardiner H, Igarabuza L, Leasy M, Matthews E, Zisman-Ilani Y. The Role of Black Churches in Promoting Mental Health for Communities of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Americans. Psychiatr Serv 2024; 75:740-747. [PMID: 38595118 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Churches in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods serve as safe havens in many Black communities. Churches provide faith and charitable services but often have limited resources to address the mental health needs of their communities. This article reports on a collaborative effort, driven by members of a Black church, to understand mental health needs, coping strategies, and resilience factors in a community of socioeconomically disadvantaged Black Americans. METHODS A community-based participatory research effort was established among a church, a community mental health organization, clinicians, and researchers to interview and survey individuals residing near the church. RESULTS The sample consisted of 59 adults, most of whom were ages 46-65 years, men (N=34, 58%), and unemployed (N=46, 78%). Mean scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (9.2±7.7) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (9.4±6.7) were almost three times higher than those reported by studies of other Black populations in the United States. Five themes emerged: prolonged poverty and daily exposure to violence trigger emotional distress, mental health stigma affects help seeking, spirituality promotes mental relief and personal recovery, spirituality helps in coping with poverty and unsafe neighborhoods, and church-based programs are needed. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of traditional mental health services was low, and reliance on faith and resource distribution by the church was high. Church-led interventions are needed to promote mental health at the individual and community levels. Mental health stigma, and negative attitudes toward mental health promotion in the community, may be addressed by integrating traditional mental health services in church-based recreational and leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana T Richardson
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Jacqueline Jackson
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Grace Marable
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Jessica Barker
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Heather Gardiner
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Laura Igarabuza
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Menachem Leasy
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Elizabeth Matthews
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
| | - Yaara Zisman-Ilani
- Office of Community-Engaged Research and Practice (Richardson, Barker, Gardiner) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Gardiner, Zisman-Ilani), College of Public Health, and the Lewis Katz School of Medicine (Igarabuza, Leasy), Temple University, Philadelphia; Bethel Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (Jackson, Marable); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Matthews); Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London (Zisman-Ilani)
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An S, Welch-Brewer C, Tadese H. Intimate Partner Violence and Help-seeking Behavior Among College Students Attending A Historically Black College and University. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3239-3260. [PMID: 38323567 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241227982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
This study provides critical evidence of the diversity of college students' experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV) and their informal and formal help-seeking behaviors at a historically Black college and university (HBCU). The study collected data on college students (N = 266) in fall 2021 using a one-site cross-sectional survey data. Findings revealed that many students at the HBCU reported IPV victimization (68.4%), IPV perpetration (68.0%), and coexperience of IPV victimization and perpetration (61.3%) in the past 12 months, but a few student survivors of IPV sought help from formal or informal support systems. Further, we found that IPV victimization types (e.g., physical, psychological, sexual abuse, and injury) with different severity levels (e.g., less severe or more severe) were differently related to the student survivor's help-seeking behaviors from formal and informal support systems. The findings of this study highlight the importance of supporting students attending HBCUs by addressing their perceptions of IPV help-seeking and coping with different types of IPV victimization via culturally tailored IPV prevention programs. HBCU campuses should promote physical health and mental health services for Black/African American survivors in HBCUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonok An
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Helen Tadese
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Wippold GM, Abshire DA, Wilson DK, Woods T, Zarrett N, Griffith DM. Shop Talk: A Qualitative Study to Understand Peer Health-related Communication Among Black Men at the Barbershop. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:498-505. [PMID: 38815252 PMCID: PMC11185087 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While successful health promotion efforts among Black men have been implemented at barbershops, the focus has largely been on outcomes as opposed to the processes by which outcomes are produced. An understanding of processes can be leveraged in the design and implementation of future efforts to improve the health of Black men. PURPOSE The objectives of the present study were to: (i) understand peer-derived sources of health-related support at the barbershop and (ii) understand the role of the barbershop in promoting health among Black men. METHODS Seven focus groups were conducted at barbershops used predominately by Black men. Each focus group lasted between 45 and 60 min. Using a thematic approach, each focus group was independently coded by two coders using a codebook derived from an inductive and deductive approach. The results were confirmed with members of the community advisory board. RESULTS Three themes emerged: (i) dynamic and candid exchange of health-related support at the barbershop; (ii) tailored forms of health-related and judgment-free communication that provide encouragement and increase motivation; and (iii) characteristics of a supportive environment at the barbershop that facilitate health-related communication. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study offer a potential pathway for public health efforts seeking to improve health among Black men. Those interested in designing and implementing these efforts can create tailored programs for Black men by recognizing and leveraging the unique dynamics of health-related conversations at the barbershop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Demetrius A Abshire
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Terry Woods
- Healthy Mind, Body, and Family Foundation, Sumter, South Carolina, USA
- Main Attraction Barbershop, Sumter, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole Zarrett
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Derek M Griffith
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Men’s Health Equity, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Racial Justice Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Jester JK, Miller-Roenigk B, Wheeler P, Stevens-Watkins D. Associations between traumatic life events and substance use among Black Men who are incarcerated. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38511975 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2326948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined associations between traumatic life events, current and lifetime importance of mental health and substance use treatment, and crack cocaine use among 201 Black men who were incarcerated and nearing community reentry. Results indicated age, sexual trauma and lifetime importance of drug treatment were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of crack cocaine use. Substance abuse treatment in correctional settings should consider culturally tailored assessment and treatment for history of unaddressed sexual trauma among Black men who are incarcerated and use crack cocaine.
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Waller BY, Giusto A, Tepper M, Legros NC, Sweetland AC, Taffy A, Wainberg ML. Should We Trust You? Strategies to Improve Access to Mental Healthcare to BIPOC Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:82-86. [PMID: 37133709 PMCID: PMC10155669 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities have weathered centuries of racism, causing transgenerational mental health consequences and hindering access to quality treatment. In this commentary, we describe the systemic challenges of engaging BIPOC to promote mental health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We then describe an initiative that illustrates these strategies, provide recommendations and further readings for academic institutions seeking to partner with community organizations to provide equitable mental health services to populations that have been traditionally overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadine Y. Waller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Ali Giusto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Miriam Tepper
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Naomi C. Legros
- Division of Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Health, 403 E. 34Th Street, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Annika C. Sweetland
- Department of Psychiatry and Public Health, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons/New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Amanda Taffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Milton L. Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
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Bauer AG, Bellot J, Bazan C, Gilmore A, Kideys K, Cameron A. Cultural considerations for substance use and substance use disorders among Black men. Bull Menninger Clin 2024; 88:108-127. [PMID: 38836848 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2024.88.2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
There are complex cultural considerations for understanding, assessing, and treating substance use disorders (SUD) among Black men, from the initiation of substance use through SUD-related outcomes. This narrative review provides insight into some of these factors, including the individual, interpersonal, and community-level risk and protective factors (e.g., family and social roles, religiosity, racism and discrimination, exposure to trauma and adversity) underlying relative risk for substance use and disparities in SUD-related outcomes. This article also highlights the ways that public attitudes and policies related to substance use have contributed to ongoing inequities in SUD treatment access for Black men. Recommendations for clinical research and practice include increasing focus on measurement equivalence, creating pathways for access to community-based and specialty treatment, and providing services that are culturally affirming, relevant, and appropriate. Comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce SUD-related inequities and promote positive well-being among Black men and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria G Bauer
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies and the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jahnayah Bellot
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Carolyn Bazan
- School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ayanna Gilmore
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Kaan Kideys
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Skipper AD, Rose AH, Card NA, Moore TJ, Lavender-Bratcher D, Chaney C. Relational sanctification, communal coping, and depression among African American couples. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:899-917. [PMID: 37649260 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the common use of religious buffers, African Americans are disproportionately affected by depressive symptoms. Communal coping may serve as one factor in helping religious African American couples alleviate the symptoms of depression. This study examines the association between relational sanctification and depressive symptoms as mediated by the communal coping of 467 African American married and cohabiting couples. Data from the sampled couples were analyzed using a common fate model, and analyses revealed higher scores on the measure of sanctification were associated with more communal coping; more communal coping was associated with fewer depressive symptoms among women and men, and communal coping acted as a mediator between relational sanctification and depressive symptoms in both partners. Findings from this study underscore the importance of considering how the religiosity and cooperative action of African American couples relate to depressive symptoms.
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Lateef H, Adams L, Bernard D, Jellesma F, Frempong MRK, Boahen-Boaten BB, Leach BCB, Borgstrom E, Nartey PB. Mental Health Treatment-Seeking Appraisal, Afrocentric Cultural Norms, and Mental Health Functioning: Buffering Factors of Young Black Men's Externalizing Behavior. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01771-7. [PMID: 37624539 PMCID: PMC10894312 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression rates are disproportionately high among Black American Men. This disparity--compounded by low mental healthcare seeking rates and high incorrect diagnosis rates in men--could be related to masculine norms, including self-reliance, restrictive emotionality, and stoicism. Furthermore, men are more likely to engage in externalized behavior, such as aggression, to cope with mental health challenges; this pattern is influenced by cultural and environmental factors. Contrary to these detrimental factors, social relationships, belief in social networks, and collectivism have been associated with positive mental health in these populations. Similarly, an Afrocentric worldview (including concepts like Ubuntu and African self-consciousness) has been hypothesized to promote positive mental health outcomes among Black American men. However, little research exists on harnessing these factors as a means of increasing health-seeking behaviors in young Black males. AIM To elucidate the effect of region, depression, African humanism, collectivism, and help-seeking values and needs concerning aggression in young Black males. METHOD This study included Black or African American participants (n = 428) identifying as male, aged 18-25 years, who responded to a Qualtrics survey with questions on region, aggression, depression, African humanism, collectivism, and help-seeking value and need. RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression revealed that collectivism, humanness, value, and the need for seeking treatment were inversely associated with aggression (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Highlighting the effect of cultural norms and help-seeking behaviors and the aggravating effect of depression on aggression in young Black males can help to develop aggression-mitigating interventions rooted in Afrocentric Norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Lateef
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Wippold GM, Frary SG, Garcia KA, Wilson DK. Implementing barbershop-based health-promotion interventions for Black men: A systematic scoping review. Health Psychol 2023; 42:435-447. [PMID: 37227823 PMCID: PMC10330434 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-promotion efforts among Black men in the United States have been limited in their ability to recruit, retain, and produce meaningful health-related changes. These difficulties have led to Black men being referred to as a "hard-to-reach" population-a designation that places undue blame on these men as opposed to the dissemination and implementation strategies being used by health-promotion specialists. Gender- and race-based strategies that align with the lived experiences of these men are likely to circumvent these challenges. Barbershops are cultural institutions that are uniquely positioned to promote health among Black men. There is little guidance on how to develop, implement, and evaluate barbershop-based efforts. This scoping review seeks to provide this guidance by applying the RE-AIM framework to analyze existing interventions. METHOD Information was identified by searching the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A grey literature search was conducted using Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov. Results were uploaded to Rayyan. Each article was independently and blindly assessed by two reviewers. A third reviewer blindly resolved any discrepancies. Data were then independently extracted by the two reviewers. Discrepancies were flagged and resolved collaboratively. RESULTS Results indicate that barbershop-based health-promotion efforts that prioritize community engagement and intentional alignment to the gender- and race-based lived experiences of Black men are likely to result in satisfactory recruitment, retention, and health-related changes among these men. CONCLUSIONS More intervention efforts are needed that target young Black adults, rural Black men, mental health outcomes, and which implement peer-to-peer models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Williams KDA, Dougherty SE, Utsey SO, LaRose JG, Carlyle KE. "Could Be Even Worse in College": Social Factors, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Men on a College Campus. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:1165-1177. [PMID: 35428951 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding mental health risks among Black men is a step forward in reducing health and educational disparities that are persistent in today's society. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 20 Black male undergraduate students from a college campus in the Southeast. The aim was to identify and understand the social and contextual factors impacting their risk of experiencing anxiety and depressive symptoms. A thematic analysis, theoretically grounded in the social-ecological model (SEM), was conducted, revealing three overarching themes: 1) what is known or felt about mental health 2) causes of stressors and 3) signs as symptoms. Discussions with men offered insight into their perspectives and personal experiences related to mental health issues and perceived risk factors. Themes suggest that the college transition, academic workload, perceived financial distress, and their desire and need to conform to ideals of masculinity were significant risk factors and stressors. Men offered descriptions of specific symptoms and health behaviors associated with such stress, including social isolation, anger, irritability, and changes in their own personal behaviors. Key findings paint a picture of college mental health experiences for some Black male college students. Moving forward, more research is needed to expand on this study's findings and improve mental health risk among this underserved population. Future directions are discussed alongside the results presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofoworola D A Williams
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sharyn E Dougherty
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shawn O Utsey
- Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University College of Humanities & Sciences, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica G LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kellie E Carlyle
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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14
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Emezue C, Karnik NS, Reeder B, Schoeny M, Layfield R, Zarling A, Julion W. A Technology-Enhanced Intervention for Violence and Substance Use Prevention Among Young Black Men: Protocol for Adaptation and Pilot Testing. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e43842. [PMID: 37126388 PMCID: PMC10186193 DOI: 10.2196/43842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black boys and men from disinvested communities are disproportionately survivors and perpetrators of youth violence. Those presenting to emergency departments with firearm-related injuries also report recent substance use. However, young Black men face several critical individual and systemic barriers to accessing trauma-focused prevention programs. These barriers contribute to service avoidance, the exacerbation of violence recidivism, substance use relapse, and a revolving-door approach to prevention. In addition, young Black men are known to be digital natives. Therefore, technology-enhanced interventions offer a pragmatic and promising opportunity to mitigate these barriers, provide vital life skills for self-led behavior change, and boost service engagement with vital community resources. OBJECTIVE The study aims to systematically adapt and pilot-test Boosting Violence-Related Outcomes Using Technology for Empowerment, Risk Reduction, and Life Skills Preparation in Youth Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (BrotherlyACT), a culturally congruent, trauma-focused digital psychoeducational and service-engagement tool tailored to young Black men aged 15-24 years. BrotherlyACT will incorporate microlearning modules, interactive safety planning tools for risk assessment, goal-setting, mindfulness practice, and a service-engagement conversational agent or chatbot to connect young Black men to relevant services. METHODS The development of BrotherlyACT will occur in 3 phases. In phase 1, we will qualitatively investigate barriers and facilitators influencing young Black men's willingness to use violence and substance use prevention services with 15-30 young Black men (aged 15-24 years) who report perpetrating violence and substance use in the past year and 10 service providers (aged >18 years; any gender; including health care providers, street outreach workers, social workers, violence interrupters, community advocates, and school staff). Both groups will be recruited from community and pediatric emergency settings. In phase 2, a steering group of topic experts (n=3-5) and a youth and community advisory board comprising young Black men (n=8-12) and service providers (n=5-10) will be involved in participatory design, alpha testing, and beta testing sessions to develop, refine, and adapt BrotherlyACT based on an existing skills-based program (Achieving Change Through Values-Based Behavior). We will use user-centered design principles and the Assessment, Decision, Administration, Production, Topical, Experts, Integration, Training, and Testing framework to guide this adaptation process (phase 2). In phase 3, a total of 60 young Black men will pilot-test the adapted BrotherlyACT over 10 weeks in a single-group, pretest-posttest design to determine its feasibility and implementation outcomes. RESULTS Phase 1 data collection began in September 2021. Phases 2 and 3 are scheduled to start in June 2023 and end in September 2024. CONCLUSIONS The development and testing of BrotherlyACT is a crucial first step in expanding an evidence-based psychoeducational and service-mediating intervention for young Black men involved in violence. This colocation of services shifts the current prevention strategy from telling them why to change to teaching them how. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/43842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuka Emezue
- Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Niranjan S Karnik
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Blaine Reeder
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael Schoeny
- Department of Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rickey Layfield
- Urban Male Network, Vice President of Programming, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amie Zarling
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Wrenetha Julion
- Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, United States
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15
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Bauer AG, Berkley-Patton JY. Recruitment of Young Black Men into Trauma and Mental Health Services Research: Recommendations and Lessons Learned. JOURNAL OF HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 38284106 PMCID: PMC10812841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Young Black/African American men are more likely to experience repeated trauma that escalates throughout young adulthood, compared to young White men. Exposure to trauma has impacts on mental health outcomes, but young Black men face substantial barriers to mental health care. In order to begin to address these disparities, it is imperative to increase understanding of the needs, preferences, and priorities of young Black men for mental health care services following trauma. Yet, young Black men are often underrepresented in mental health services research. The purpose of the current study was to describe strategies for recruitment of young Black men with previous trauma exposure from broad urban community settings in Kansas City, Missouri, for participation in a qualitative study exploring beliefs, attitudes, and norms regarding mental health care. A total of 70 young Black/African American men aged 18-30 completed the initial recruitment process, and 55 of these men were consented as participants who completed the study. The majority of participants were recruited from barbershops (n = 21), followed by community-wide events (n = 11) and referrals (n = 11). Few participants were recruited from faith-based settings. Strategies for facilitation of study recruitment and focus group attendance are discussed. These practices may contribute to development of mental health interventions that are relevant, feasible, and sustainable, as well as restoring and advancing research relationships with racial/ethnic minority populations and contributing to racial equity.
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16
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Ahmed MK, Scretching D, Lane SD. Study designs, measures and indexes used in studying the structural racism as a social determinant of health in high income countries from 2000-2022: evidence from a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:4. [PMID: 36609274 PMCID: PMC9817325 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, structural racism has been well documented as an important social determinant of health (SODH) resulting in racial inequality related to health. Although studies on structural racism have increased over the years, the selection of appropriate designs, measures, and indexes of measurement that respond to SODH has not been comprehensively documented. Therefore, the lack of evidence seems to exist. This scoping review was conducted to map and summarize global evidence on the use of various designs, measures, and indexes of measurement when studying structural racism as a social determinant of health. METHODS We performed a scoping review of global evidence from 2000 to 2022 published in 5 databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Web of Science, ProQuest, and relevant grey literature on structural racism. We conducted a systematic search using keywords and subject headings around 3 concepts. We included peer reviewed original research/review articles which conceived the framework of social determinants of health (SODH) and studied structural racism. RESULTS Our review identified 1793 bibliographic citations for screening and 54 articles for final review. Articles reported 19 types of study design, 87 measures of exposure and 58 measures of health outcomes related to structural racism. 73 indexes or scales of measurement were used to assess health impacts of structural racism. Majority of articles were primary research (n = 43/54 articles; 79.6%), used quantitative research method (n = 32/54 articles; 59.3%) and predominantly conducted in the United States (n = 46/54 articles; 85.2.6%). Cross-sectional study design was the most used design (n = 17/54 articles; 31.5%) followed by systematic review (n = 7/54 articles; 13.0%) and narrative review (n = 6/54 articles; 11.1%). Housing and residential segregation was the largest cluster of exposure with the highest impact in infant health outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our review found several key gaps and research priorities on structural racism such as lack of longitudinal studies and availability of structural or ecological data, lack of consensus on the use of consolidated appropriate measures, indexes of measurement and appropriate study designs that can capture complex interactions of exposure and outcomes related to structural racism holistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Koushik Ahmed
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568Department of Public Health, Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Dr, 430 White Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Desiree Scretching
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, 343 Hinds Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Sandra D. Lane
- grid.264484.80000 0001 2189 1568Department of Public Health, Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, 439 White Hall, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
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17
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Trendowski MR, Kyko JM, Lusk CM, Ruterbusch JJ, Hastert TA, Harper FWK, Thompson H, Beebe‐Dimmer JL, Schwartz AG. Evaluation of health behaviors and overall quality of life in younger adult African American cancer survivors. Cancer Med 2023; 12:684-695. [PMID: 35655423 PMCID: PMC9844626 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of cancer survivors have predominantly focused on non-Hispanic White, elderly patients, despite the observation that African Americans have higher rates of mortality. Therefore, we characterized cancer survivorship in younger African American survivors using the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors (ROCS) study to assess health behaviors and quality of life. METHODS Five hundred and seventeen patients diagnosed with any cancer between the ages of 20-49 (mean age: 42 years; SD: 6.7 years) completed a survey to identify important clinical, behavioral, and sociodemographic characteristics, measures of health literacy, and experiences of discrimination. Quality of life outcomes were evaluated in patients using FACT-G, FACT-Cog, and PROMIS® Anxiety and Depression scales. Stepwise linear and logistic regression were used to assess the association between quality of life measures and participant characteristics. RESULTS The mean FACT-G score was 74.1 (SD: 21.3), while the FACT-Cog was 55.1 (SD: 17.1) (FACT-G range 0-108 with higher scores indicating better function; elderly cancer patient mean: 82.2; FACT-Cog 18-item range 0-72 points with higher scores indicating better perceived cognitive functioning; scores <54 indicating cognitive impairment). In addition, 27.1% and 21.6% of patients had a score indicative of moderate or severe anxiety and depression, respectively. Perceived discrimination and the number of discriminatory events were significantly associated with reductions in three of the four quality of life measures. Health literacy was positively associated with all four health measures, while total comorbidity count was negatively associated with three of the four measures. CONCLUSION Younger adult African American cancer survivors who report experiencing discrimination and suffer from multiple comorbid conditions have poorer mental and overall health. Understanding the unique clinical and socioeconomic stressors that influence this patient population is essential for reducing health disparities and improving long-term survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn M. Kyko
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Christine M. Lusk
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Julie J. Ruterbusch
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Theresa A. Hastert
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Felicity W. K. Harper
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Hayley Thompson
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Beebe‐Dimmer
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Ann G. Schwartz
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
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18
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Thorpe S, Stevens-Watkins D, Thrasher S, Malone N, Dogan JN. Religion, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Gender Role Conflict Among Incarcerated Black Men. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2023; 24:76-82. [PMID: 37589030 PMCID: PMC10427125 DOI: 10.1037/men0000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Extant literature is mixed on the role of religiosity as a protective factor for mental health concerns and the effectiveness of faith-based prison programs on a reduction in recidivism. Religiosity and psychiatric symptoms are associated with gender role conflict, yet little is known about these relationships among Black incarcerated men. Undergirded by gender role conflict theory, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity, 30-day psychiatric symptoms, and three measures of gender role conflict: emotional restrictiveness, work-family conflict, and affectionate behavior towards men. In a sample of 206 Black men nearing community re-entry, our results indicated strong religious beliefs and psychiatric symptoms were associated with less emotional restrictiveness. Religious influence and psychiatric symptoms were positively associated with perceived work-family conflict. Further, strong religious beliefs moderated the association between psychiatric symptoms and work-family conflict. Implications for faith-based prison support programs as mechanisms for reducing recidivism among Black men are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemeka Thorpe
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
| | | | - Natalie Malone
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
| | - Jardin N. Dogan
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology University of Kentucky Lexington, KY
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19
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Wippold GM, Frary SG. Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life Among African American Men. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:2131-2138. [PMID: 34533780 PMCID: PMC8926934 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
African American men have the lowest life expectancy of any ethnic gender group in the USA. Furthermore, these men endorse having a lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than any other group. There have been recent calls from national organizations to improve HRQoL-a multidimensional indicator of health strongly associated with mortality and morbidity. Following these calls, there have been widespread efforts implemented to improve HRQoL among the US population, though no known effort has been implemented that is tailored to the unique experiences of African American men. Health promotion efforts that are not tailored to the unique preferences and experiences of these men are likely to produce limited results. Formative research conducted among African American men is needed in order to design and implement an effective HRQoL-promoting intervention for African American men. The present study constitutes such formative research and was conducted with a sample of 211 African American men. Hierarchical regressions were performed to understand the role of literature-derived predictors of HRQoL among these men. Results found that depression, stress, and physical activity were found to be significant predictors of HRQoL among these men. This is the first known study to examine predictors of HRQoL among African American men-a group that disproportionately experiences health disparities and low HRQoL, though for who few successful health promotions exist. The findings from this study have implications for those seeking to design and implement HRQoL-promoting interventions among African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Sarah Grace Frary
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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20
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Knight S, Jarvis GE, Ryder AG, Lashley M, Rousseau C. ‘It Just Feels Like an Invasion’: Black First-Episode Psychosis Patients’ Experiences With Coercive Intervention and Its Influence on Help-Seeking Behaviours. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00957984221135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies from the United States and United Kingdom show that Black patients are disproportionately diagnosed with psychosis and receive excess coercive medical intervention. There has been little discussion of this topic in Canada, and of how coercive interventions may have influenced Black patient attitudes towards mental health services. To address these issues, semi-structured interviews were administered to five Black men with first-episode psychosis (FEP) to (a) explore their experiences with coercive interventions and (b) describe how these experiences may have influenced help-seeking behaviours. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the data. Four core themes and four additional themes emerged from the interviews. Patients described loneliness, not being heard, police contact and forced medication as influencing their attitudes towards mental health care. Further research is needed to develop reparative strategies to encourage reflection about and awareness of coercive intervention among Black FEP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer Knight
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G. Eric Jarvis
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- First Episode Psychosis Program, Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Ryder
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myrna Lashley
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Gerke DR, Glotfelty J, Freshman M, Schlueter J, Ochs A, Plax K. Help Is Available: Supporting Mental Wellness Through Peer Health Navigation with Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2022; 36:S54-S64. [PMID: 36178384 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) with HIV experience disproportionate rates of trauma, incarceration, poverty, racial discrimination, and homophobia. The synergistic effects of these adverse experiences, along with increased rates of mental health disorders, increase their risk for poor health. To address this need, the study authors adapted a current HIV service model to include a peer-health navigation intervention (WITH U) to attend to behavioral health, health literacy, linkage to services, and psychosocial support for YBMSM with HIV. This longitudinal, mixed-methods, nonexperimental study reports on the mental health burden among participants and the association between participation in WITH U and mental wellness outcomes. Participants (N = 65) were an average age of 25-26 years (mean = 25.48, standard deviation = 2.51). Over 25% of participants reported clinically significant depression and/or anxiety symptoms and nearly half the participants reported experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms that were at least moderately difficult to handle. Quantitative analyses indicated no significant positive association between intervention engagement and mental health symptoms; however, reporting a greater number of depression symptoms was associated with attending fewer intervention sessions. Qualitative data analysis revealed that participants' mental wellness was positively impacted by participating in the intervention and that participants preferred to receive mental wellness support from peer health navigators (HNs) rather than licensed mental health professionals. Yet, peer HNs did not feel adequately prepared to address participants' mental wellness concerns. Increased training for peer HNs and development of a linkage process to more formalized mental health services with community input may strengthen mental wellness support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Gerke
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeff Glotfelty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maria Freshman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julia Schlueter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alex Ochs
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Katie Plax
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Williams KDA, Wijaya C, Stamatis CA, Abbott G, Lattie EG. Insights Into Needs and Preferences for Mental Health Support on Social Media and Through Mobile Apps Among Black Male University Students: Exploratory Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38716. [PMID: 36044261 PMCID: PMC9475414 DOI: 10.2196/38716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black college-aged men are less likely than their peers to use formal, therapeutic in-person services for mental health concerns. As the use of mobile technologies and social media platforms is steadily increasing, it is important to conduct work that examines the future utility of digital tools and technologies to improve access to and uptake of mental health services for Black men and Black men in college. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and understand college-attending Black men's needs and preferences for using digital health technologies and social media for stress and mental health symptom management. METHODS Interviews were conducted with Black male students (N=11) from 2 racially diverse universities in the Midwestern United States. Participants were asked questions related to their current mental health needs and interest in using social media platforms and mobile-based apps for their mental health concerns. A thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the data: current stress relief strategies, technology-based support needs and preferences (subthemes: mobile-based support and social media-based support), resource information dissemination considerations (subthemes: information-learning expectations and preferences and information-sharing preferences and behaviors), and technology-based mental health support design considerations (subtheme: relatability and representation). Participants were interested in using social media and digital technologies for their mental health concerns and needs, for example, phone notifications and visual-based mental health advertisements that promote awareness. Relatability in the context of representation was emphasized as a key factor for participants interested in using digital mental health tools. Examples of methods for increasing relatability included having tools disseminated by minority-serving organizations and including components explicitly portraying Black men engaging in mental health support strategies. The men also discussed wanting to receive recommendations for stress relief that have been proven successful, particularly for Black men. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study provide insights into design and dissemination considerations for future work geared toward developing mental health messaging and digital interventions for young Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofoworola D A Williams
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clarisa Wijaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Caitlin A Stamatis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriel Abbott
- Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily G Lattie
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Kashyap K, Gielen J. Improving Access and Health Outcomes in Palliative Care through Cultural Competence: An exploration of opportunities and challenges in India. Indian J Palliat Care 2022; 28:331-337. [DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_21_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
People who belong to ethnic, racial and cultural minorities often have less access to healthcare and have poorer health outcomes when compared to the majority population. In the COVID pandemic, too, health disparities have been observed. Similar disparities have been noted in patients with advanced disease and suffering from pain, with minority patients having less access to or making less use of palliative care. In the US, a range of solutions has been proposed to address the issue of inequality in access to healthcare, with cultural competence figuring prominently among them. This study explores whether and how cultural competence may be applied to palliative care in India to improve access and health outcomes. In the literature, it is argued that, in diverse societies, cultural competence is an essential part of the solution towards equitable healthcare systems. Solutions to problems of healthcare disparities must go beyond an increase in financial resources as more financial resources will not necessarily make the healthcare system more equitable. A culturally competent system recognises and integrates at all levels the culture as a significant component of care, which is particularly relevant at the end of life. If efficiently implemented, cultural competence will lead to higher patient satisfaction, better follow-up and patient compliance and an improved reputation of palliative care among minorities. This may help to reduce inequalities in access and health outcomes in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kashyap
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
| | - Joris Gielen
- Center for Global Health Ethics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,
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24
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Wippold GM, Frary SG, Abshire DA, Wilson DK. Improving Recruitment, Retention, and Cultural Saliency of Health Promotion Efforts Targeting African American Men: A Scoping Review. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:605-619. [PMID: 34473823 PMCID: PMC9242543 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When health promotion efforts intend to include African American men, they experience challenges with recruitment and retention, in addition to limited cultural saliency-interventions that do not align the cultural preferences and experiences of the target population produce less effective results. PURPOSE This scoping review provides an understanding of (a) how health promotion efforts among African American men are developed and implemented, in addition to the (b) main outcomes, (c) retention rates, and (d) methodological rigor of those efforts. METHODS The following databases were used: PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science (Clarivate), and ProQuest. Included studies were restricted to those: (a) conducted among African American men and (b) reported the effects of a health promotion intervention. Interventions using single-group pre-post study, post-test-only study, non-randomized controlled trial, and randomized controlled trial (RCT) study designs were included. RESULTS The results indicate that varying degrees of customization in the design and implementation of health promotion efforts targeting African American can improve recruitment, retention, and health-related outcomes. Results draw attention to the need for community input when designing and implementing efforts targeting these men. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that opportunities exist to innovate health promotion efforts among African American men, such as the intentional incorporation of the community's values, perspectives, and preferences in the effort (i.e., cultural saliency) and explicitly indicating how the efforts were culturally tailored to improve saliency. Opportunities also exist to innovate health promotion efforts among African American men based on literature-derived best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sarah Grace Frary
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, USA
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O'Connell KL, Jacobson SV, Ton AT, Law KC. Association between race and socioeconomic factors and suicide-related 911 call rate. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115106. [PMID: 35700551 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The American 911 emergency call system fulfills a unique role in preventing suicide and is universally available to all residents suffering a mental health crisis. Previous studies have found disparities between socioeconomic and racial groups in mental health treatment and in help-seeking behaviors. However, very few studies have analyzed disparities in the use of the 911 system for mental health or suicidal crises. The present study conducted negative binomial regression analyses to determine if an increase in suicide-related 911 call rate is associated with race and socioeconomic characteristics in Western King County, Washington. We used the geographic locations of 4823 suicide-related calls from January 2019 to June 2020 to contrast against 2019 demographic data from the Census Bureau. We found increased percentage of Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC), residents relying on private health insurance, and lower education levels were associated with a decreased suicide-related 911 call rate. We found residents relying on public health insurance to be associated with an increased suicide-related 911 call rate. Future research should explore how residents use 911 in mental health crises to further improve public suicide prevention efforts. Our findings demonstrate how areas with poor health care options may rely more on the 911 system amidst a suicidal crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew T Ton
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA
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26
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Hankerson SH, Moise N, Wilson D, Waller BY, Arnold KT, Duarte C, Lugo-Candelas C, Weissman MM, Wainberg M, Yehuda R, Shim R. The Intergenerational Impact of Structural Racism and Cumulative Trauma on Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:434-440. [PMID: 35599541 PMCID: PMC9373857 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depression among individuals who have been racially and ethnically minoritized in the United States can be vastly different from that of non-Hispanic White Americans. For example, African American adults who have depression rate their symptoms as more severe, have a longer course of illness, and experience more depression-associated disability. The purpose of this review was to conceptualize how structural racism and cumulative trauma can be fundamental drivers of the intergenerational transmission of depression. The authors propose that understanding risk factors for depression, particularly its intergenerational reach, requires accounting for structural racism. In light of the profoundly different experiences of African Americans who experience depression (i.e., a more persistent course of illness and greater disability), it is critical to examine whether an emerging explanation for some of these differences is the intergenerational transmission of this disorder due to structural racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney H Hankerson
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Nathalie Moise
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Diane Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Bernadine Y Waller
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Kimberly T Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Cristiane Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Claudia Lugo-Candelas
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Milton Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
| | - Ruth Shim
- Department of Psychiatry (Hankerson, Yehuda) and Department of Population Health Sciences and Policy (Hankerson), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Department of Medicine (Moise, Wilson) and Department of Psychiatry (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; City University of New York (Wilson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Waller, Duarte, Lugo-Candelas, Wainberg, Weissman); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Arnold); Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (Weissman); James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Yehuda); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis (Shim)
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King KM, Key-Hagan M, Desai A, Mundy T, Shittu AK, Roberts LR, Montgomery S, Clarke M, Idoate R, Michaud TL, Ramos AK, Strong S, Thorpe RJ, Montgomery SB. Stress Correlates Related to Depressive Symptoms Among Young Black Men in Southern California. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221097801. [PMID: 35549937 PMCID: PMC9112424 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221097801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Black men experience higher levels of chronic stress, life stressors, and discrimination due to oppressive social and economic conditions. Black men are at greater risk of depression, but most published research on stress and depression has focused on Black people in general, Black women, or older Black men. We sought to determine whether discrimination, perceived stress, major life stress, daily hassles, and social capital were associated with depressive symptoms in young Black men. Survey data were collected from April 2010 to March 2012 in Southern California from a convenience sample of Black men (N = 201). We used two-sample t tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the association of stress correlates with depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms for each significant correlate. Over half of the sample reported depressive symptoms. Health status, perceived discrimination, urban hassles, perceived stress, and neighborhood trust and safety were significantly related to depressive symptoms. Those who reported higher perceived stress had higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms, whereas lower everyday discrimination experiences were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. Future studies should consider examining the effectiveness of embedding coping mechanisms for stress, including perceived discrimination, in health interventions for young Black men to prevent or reduce depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyonna M King
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Avni Desai
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Regina Idoate
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Psychiatric and substance use disorders in a predominately low-income, black sample in early midlife. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:332-339. [PMID: 35196603 PMCID: PMC8986361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have documented elevated rates of psychopathology among individuals affected by poverty. However, many studies have relied on predominately White samples, and on brief symptom screening measures which may not fully capture the experiences of individuals of color (who are disproportionately affected by poverty in the United States.) The present study examines prevalence rates of probable major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, and alcohol use disorder in a predominately Black sample that grew up in urban poverty, utilizing structured neuropsychiatric interview methods. Data are drawn from a subsample of the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS), which has followed a large cohort for over four decades. Outcomes were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) 7.0.2. Results indicate high probable rates of all measured outcomes, with notably high rates of substance use and alcohol use disorder compared to rates reported in previous national studies. Differences by sex and childhood neighborhood poverty, as well as significant comorbidity among psychiatric, substance and alcohol use disorders were also detected. Findings underscore an urgent need for community-based, culturally tailored prevention and intervention initiatives to support the mental health of individuals living in poverty. The high prevalence of psychiatric, substance and alcohol use disorders in this study likely reflect systematic inequities faced by low-income people of color in the United States. Future directions for research and practice are discussed.
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Smith PD, Murray M, Hoffman LS, Ester TV, Kohli R. Addressing Black men's oral health through community engaged research and workforce recruitment. J Public Health Dent 2022; 82 Suppl 1:83-88. [PMID: 35726473 PMCID: PMC9543032 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racism negatively affects the life experiences and subsequent health of Black men, including oral disease prevalence and outcomes. Few examples in the literature discuss how racism may affect successful, unsuccessful, and non-attempts to address Black men's oral health. AIMS This commentary describes anti-racism approaches to address Black men's oral health through community-based participatory research, oral health promotion, and workforce recruitment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stakeholders from two organizations and one dental school share their experiences and key insights on how to strengthen efforts while minimizing the influence of racism on Black men's participation. RESULTS Common insights identified were a need to engage a diverse range of Black men within varying social and economic contexts, race and gender concordance among program leaders and participants, and the value of partnership to reach Black men in places where they feel comfortable and supported. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These examples stress the imperative of addressing racism among Black men in the development and improvement of targeted oral health interventions. They also emphasize the value of commitment from institutional leadership, relationship building with Black men, and the empowerment of Black men to lead program development and implementation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Smith
- Division of Prevention and Public Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - La Shawn Hoffman
- Pittsburgh Community Improvement Association, Community Coalition Board, Morehouse School of Medicine Prevention Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Todd V Ester
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richie Kohli
- Department of Community Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Kim Y, Zhang K, Savitz SI, Chen L, Schulz PE, Jiang X. Counterfactual analysis of differential comorbidity risk factors in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000018. [PMID: 36812506 PMCID: PMC9931358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) is a multifactorial disease that involves several different etiologic mechanisms with various comorbidities. There is also significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of ADRD across diverse demographics groups. Association studies on such heterogeneous comorbidity risk factors are limited in their ability to determine causation. We aim to compare counterfactual treatment effects of various comorbidity in ADRD in different racial groups (African Americans and Caucasians). We used 138,026 ADRD and 1:1 matched older adults without ADRD from nationwide electronic health records, which extensively cover a large population's long medical history in breadth. We matched African Americans and Caucasians based on age, sex, and high-risk comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, vascular disease, heart disease, and head injury) to build two comparable cohorts. We derived a Bayesian network of 100 comorbidities and selected comorbidities with potential causal effect to ADRD. We estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of the selected comorbidities on ADRD using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Late effects of cerebrovascular disease significantly predisposed older African Americans (ATE = 0.2715) to ADRD, but not in the Caucasian counterparts; depression significantly predisposed older Caucasian counterparts (ATE = 0.1560) to ADRD, but not in the African Americans. Our extensive counterfactual analysis using a nationwide EHR discovered different comorbidities that predispose older African Americans to ADRD compared to Caucasian counterparts. Despite the noisy and incomplete nature of the real-world data, the counterfactual analysis on the comorbidity risk factors can be a valuable tool to support the risk factor exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sean I. Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luyao Chen
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Ben-Cheikh I. Psycho-education on racism: Psychiatry's role and responsibility in dismantling institutional racism. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:239-243. [PMID: 33225784 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020973057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben-Cheikh
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Charles Lemoyne Hospital, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Study protocol for comparing Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) to referral as usual for depression in African American churches. Trials 2022; 23:93. [PMID: 35101100 PMCID: PMC8801931 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. African American adults, compared to White adults, are half as likely to be screened for depression in primary care settings. Disparities in depression screening contribute to poor clinical outcomes, as African Americans with depression are more disabled and sicker longer compared to Whites. African American churches are trusted settings that provide access to supports for depression. Indeed, in the first study of its kind, the investigators found that 20% of adults in African American churches screened positive for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). However, no subjects with a positive screen (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) accepted a treatment referral when offered by research personnel. Community Health Workers, who are trusted paraprofessionals from the target community, may bridge the gap between depression screening and treatment. The investigators have trained and certified 112 Community Health Workers from 45 African American churches in New York City to deliver an evidence-based intervention called Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Thus, the aim of the current study is to test the impact of Community Health Worker-delivered depression screening in Black churches on engagement with clinical services. Methods Using a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design, we propose a 2-arm, mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial. Church study sites will be randomized to either SBIRT (intervention arm) or referral as usual (usual care arm). This trial will be conducted with 600 church members across 30 churches (300 intervention; 300 usual care). Our primary outcome is treatment engagement, defined as attending a depression-related clinical visit. Secondary outcomes will be changes in Mental Health-Related Quality of Life and depressive symptoms at 3 and 6 months post-screening. Lastly, we will conduct a concurrent, mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) process evaluation to assess contextual facilitators and barriers of screening and referral. Discussion This is the first randomized trial of a church-placed, community health worker-delivered intervention for depression in African American populations. This study may provide a novel and effective approach to increasing depression identification and treatment linkage in economically disadvantaged populations with high depression rates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04524767. Registered on 21 August 2020.
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Coombs A, Joshua A, Flowers M, Wisdom J, Crayton LS, Frazier K, Hankerson SH. Mental Health Perspectives Among Black Americans Receiving Services From a Church-Affiliated Mental Health Clinic. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:77-82. [PMID: 34235947 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Black Americans face substantial barriers to mental health services that are due, in part, to historical and contemporary issues of anti-Black racism. Identifying novel models of care that increase access and engagement in mental health services is important. One such model was developed by a predominantly Black church in Harlem, New York City, which built a free mental health clinic to serve the surrounding community. However, treatment barriers and facilitators of this care model have not been reported. Therefore, the authors conducted a qualitative study to identify Black Americans' (N=15) perspectives of their experiences seeking and receiving care from this church-affiliated mental health clinic and the role of the church in promoting mental health service utilization. Treatment facilitators included health care that was free of charge, services affiliated with a trusted institution, and access to culturally competent care that integrated their faith perspectives. Participants perceived the churches as having the potential to provide psychoeducation, destigmatization, and connection to mental health services. The perspectives shared suggest that this novel model of care may address several barriers to mental health care faced by some Black American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Coombs
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
| | - Amita Joshua
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
| | - Mavis Flowers
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
| | - Jennifer Wisdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
| | - La'Shay S Crayton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
| | - Kyndra Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
| | - Sidney H Hankerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City (Coombs, Hankerson); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Coombs, Joshua, Flowers, Hankerson); Wisdom Consulting, New York City (Wisdom); Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); KYND Consulting, Inc., New York City (Frazier)
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Hamil J, Gier E, Garfield CF, Tandon D. The Development and Pilot of a Technology-Based Intervention in the United States for Father's Mental Health in the Perinatal Period. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211044306. [PMID: 34587839 PMCID: PMC8488529 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211044306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal mental health is increasingly recognized as an important public health issue, with about 10% of men experiencing depression perinatally. Paternal depression is associated with less responsive parenting, greater parenting stress, and suboptimal child development. In response to a lack of existing interventions that directly focus on fathers’ mental health in the United States, we developed and pilot tested the Fathers and Babies (FAB) intervention for use with partners of women enrolled in home visiting (HV) programs. After a review of the extant literature, FAB was developed with input from HV stakeholders and infant mental health consultants. FAB was subsequently pilot tested with 30 father-mother dyads, with mixed-method data collected from a subset of intervention participants to assess intervention feasibility and acceptability and guide intervention refinement. Five themes related to FAB content and delivery considerations emerged from the initial focus groups that were used to guide FAB development. Mixed-method data collected during the pilot study established that fathers receiving FAB reported its content appropriate and thought it was feasible to receive the intervention. Several recommendations for FAB revisions were also provided. FAB is an innovative intervention developed for fathers from contemporary family structures that was well-received during its pilot testing. Feasibility and acceptability data suggest that fathers have favorable opinions about intervention content and delivery, while also highlighting areas for future revisions of FAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Hamil
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma Gier
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig F Garfield
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darius Tandon
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wippold GM, Frary SG, Abshire D, Wilson DK. Peer-to-peer health promotion interventions among African American men: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:184. [PMID: 34154638 PMCID: PMC8218504 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion efforts among African American men have been met with significant challenges and have produced limited results. Interventions that do not align with the values, perspectives, and preferences of African American men often produce less effective results. Research among African American men has provided compelling evidence that these men prefer informal networks of health support. Recent successful health promotion efforts among these men have benefited from peer-to-peer models of implementation. To date, no known scoping or systematic review of peer-to-peer health promotion interventions among African American men has been conducted. The goal of this scoping review is to understand the extent of, design, implementation, and use of peer-to-peer interventions to promote health, improve quality of life, and prevent disease among African American men. METHODS A review of the literature will be performed in PubMED, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The development of this protocol was guided by the work of Arksey and O'Malley and the PICOS statement. Reporting will be guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Eligible studies include those testing the effects of a peer-to-peer health promotion intervention targeting African American men. A comparison group will not be required. For the purposes of the current review, "peers" will be limited to other African American men. An initial screening of the titles and abstracts of potentially eligible studies will be completed by two independent reviewers. The full text of records that appear to meet the eligibility criteria will be accessed and further screened. Data will then be extracted and collected using a custom Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Extracted data will include authors' name and publication year, target health issue(s), design of the intervention, components of the intervention, peer-led components of the intervention, peer role, length and type of training for peer leaders, intervention duration, frequency of the intervention, study design and number of participants, and main outcomes. Finally, results will be presented in table format and summarized in text format. DISCUSSION Results will have implications for the design, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion interventions among African American men. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020198664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo M. Wippold
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 USA
| | - Sarah Grace Frary
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 USA
| | | | - Dawn K. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Barnwell College, Mailbox 38, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 USA
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Adams LB, Baxter SLK, Lightfoot AF, Gottfredson N, Golin C, Jackson LC, Tabron J, Corbie-Smith G, Powell W. Refining Black men's depression measurement using participatory approaches: a concept mapping study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1194. [PMID: 34158011 PMCID: PMC8220674 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage and risk factors, Black Americans have a lower prevalence of depression than whites. Given the emerging focus of depression as a public mental health crisis, culturally informed depression measures and scale development techniques are needed to better alleviate the mental health burden of socially marginalized populations. Yet, for Black men, race- and gender-related factors that position emotional vulnerability as a sign of weakness, may potentially mask the timely identification of mental health needs in this population. Thus, we address these gaps by employing a stakeholder-driven, community-engaged process for understanding Black men’s depression experience. Methods We use concept mapping, a structured mixed methods approach, to determine how stakeholders of Black men’s health conceptualize their depressive symptoms. Thirty-six stakeholders participated in a three-phase concept mapping study conducted in 2018. Three separate stakeholder groups were engaged for this study, including Black men, Black women, and primary care providers. Results Participants generated 68 characteristics of Black men’s depression which were reflected within five conceptual clusters: (1) physical states; (2) emotional states; (3) diminished drive; (4) internal conflicts; (5) communication with others; and (6) social pressures. Using a content analysis approach, we found that items comprising the “social pressures” cluster were not reflected in any common depression scales. Conclusions Findings from this study illustrate the similar and divergent pathways in which Black men express depressed mood. Furthermore, concept mapping results also yield a novel opportunity for culturally informed scale development in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11137-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Adams
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samuel L K Baxter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Alexandra F Lightfoot
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nisha Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carol Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of General Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leron C Jackson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James Tabron
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Health Disparities Institute, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
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Gupta SK, Margolis SA, Grant AC, Gonzalez JS, Nakhutina L. Relationships among illness representations and depressive symptom severity in predominantly African-American and Caribbean-American people with epilepsy. Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:462-478. [PMID: 34027793 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1923802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people with epilepsy (PWE) and tends to be more prevalent among people of color (POC) and those with intractable seizures. However, the extent to which illness-related perceptions are associated with depressive symptom severity among POC with intractable seizures is unclear. Method: This cross-sectional study examined relationships among illness representations and self-rated depressive symptoms in 55 PWE (M Age = 41; 61.8% female) with intractable seizures (M seizures per month = 2) who identified as Black/African-American (52.7%), Black/Caribbean-American (27.3%), and/or Hispanic/Latino (21.8%). Epilepsy-related illness perceptions were assessed with the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised and depression was measured via the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E). Results: Nearly half of the sample (41.8%) scored above the NDDI-E depression cut-off. PWE endorsing more severe depressive symptoms indicated that their epilepsy had more negative consequences, was hard to comprehend, was insufficiently controlled by treatment, and had a negative emotional impact (p's ≤ 0.02). Controlling for sex, these four illness representations accounted for 48% of the variance in depression severity. Interestingly, participants with probable major depressive episodes were more likely to endorse several psychological causes of seizures compared to non-depressed PWE. Conclusions: Worse depression symptom severity was associated with negative illness perceptions and a tendency to attribute one's epilepsy to psychological causes. Future research is needed to understand how the relationship between negative illness perceptions and depression symptoms unfold over time and whether interventions aimed at modifying illness representations reduce psychological distress in diverse PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha K Gupta
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, Psychology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth A Margolis
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Arthur C Grant
- Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Gonzalez
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luba Nakhutina
- Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Francis DB. "Twitter is Really Therapeutic at Times": Examination of Black Men's Twitter Conversations Following Hip-Hop Artist Kid Cudi's Depression Disclosure. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:448-456. [PMID: 33586529 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1700436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness affects a considerable number of African Americans, and Black men bare a heavy burden. Over the past few years, more and more Black male celebrities have publicly discussed their struggles with mental illness, aiming to raise awareness, educate the public, and reduce stigma around mental health in the Black community. In this exploratory study, I investigated Twitter conversations following hip-hop artist Scott "Kid Cudi" Mescudi's October 2016 depression disclosure. Following the disclosure, the hashtag #YouGoodMan was created to engage Black men on Twitter in conversations about mental health. I used thematic analysis to analyze a sample of 1,482 tweets from the hashtag. Three distinct themes emerged from this study, with implications for mental health communication. The three themes are (a) advocating for mental health disclosure, (b) providing online and offline support, and (c) acknowledging the role and impact of culture and society. The findings are discussed relevant to social representations theory, celebrity influence, and health campaigns.
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Violent Victimization, Stressful Events, and Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Young Adults in the U.S. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:502-511. [PMID: 32613428 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed a sample of young adults in the United States to determine (1) whether/how depression is affected by violent victimization during childhood and/or by recent stressful events, as well as (2) whether any observed links between depression and violent victimization and/or stressful events would be uniform across racial/ethnic groups. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort, we measured respondent depression in 5 interview waves dating 2004-2015. Our final sample for analysis numbered 22,549 person-waves. Our study showed that violent victimization in childhood, and recent stressful events, as well, alike exacerbated depression. Moreover, as we analyzed, in turn, the data for each ethnic subsample, we observed differential patterns in depression's associations with victimization. Childhood violent victimization-and also recently encountered stress-has a significant role in the development of depression in adulthood; this role appears to be moderated by race/ethnicity.
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Carlton L, Woods-Giscombe CL, Palmer C, Rodgers SG. Barbers as community mental health advocates for African American men: A.D.A.A.M.-QR web design to address social determinants of depression and access to culturally-relevant resources. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:137-140. [PMID: 33593510 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynwood Carlton
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L Woods-Giscombe
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, United States of America.
| | - Carrie Palmer
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Shielda G Rodgers
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, United States of America
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Griesemer I, Hausmann LR, Arbeeva L, Campbell LC, Cené CW, Coffman CJ, Keefe FJ, Oddone EZ, Somers TJ, Allen KD. Discrimination Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among African Americans with Osteoarthritis Enrolled in a Pain Coping Skills Training Randomized Controlled Trial. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2021; 32:145-155. [PMID: 33678687 PMCID: PMC10513122 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
African Americans are more likely than members of other racial groups to report perceived discrimination in health care settings, and discrimination is linked to depression. Using data from a randomized controlled trial of pain coping skills training (PCST) for African Americans with osteoarthritis (N=164), we evaluated the interaction between discrimination experiences and experimental condition (PCST or control group) in linear regression models predicting depressive symptoms. There was a significant interaction between personal discrimination and experimental condition on depressive symptoms (interaction term coefficient: b=-3.2, 95% CI [- 6.4, - .02], p=.05). Discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among those in the control group but not among those who received PCST. Participation in a PCST intervention may have reduced the association between discrimination experiences and depressive symptoms among participants in this sample. Future research should explore whether interventions aimed at teaching coping skills may be effective in ameliorating the harmful mental health effects of perceived discrimination.
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Hussen SA, Camp DM, Wondmeneh SB, Doraivelu K, Holbrook N, Moore SJ, Colasanti JA, Ali MK, Farber EW. Mental Health Service Utilization Among Young Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in HIV Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:9-14. [PMID: 33347344 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2020.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Young Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YB-GBMSM) face multiple psychosocial stressors, and are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Mental health care engagement is a promising avenue for addressing these disparities. To date, rates of mental health service utilization have not been examined specifically in this population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among YB-GBMSM receiving care in a Ryan White-funded HIV care center that includes co-located HIV and mental health services. Of 435 unique YB-GBMSM patients, mental health concerns were identified in n = 191 (43.9%). Depressive symptoms were the most common concerns identified, followed by substance use, anxiety, and trauma. Among patients with identified mental health concerns who were not previously in mental health care, 79.1% were referred to mental health care, 56.3% set an appointment with a mental health provider, 40.5% were linked to mental health care (attended an initial visit), and 19.6% remained engaged in mental health care. Younger YB-GBMSM (age 18-24 years), who received care in a more integrated pediatric/adolescent part of the center, were more likely to have an appointment set once a concern was identified (χ2 = 7.17; p = 0.007). Even in a setting with co-located HIV and mental health care services, we found significant gaps in engagement at each stage of a newly described mental health care continuum. Implications for intervention at the provider and systems levels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A. Hussen
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Infectious Disease Program (Ponce Center), Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel M. Camp
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah B. Wondmeneh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kamini Doraivelu
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy Holbrook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shamia J. Moore
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Colasanti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Infectious Disease Program (Ponce Center), Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eugene W. Farber
- Infectious Disease Program (Ponce Center), Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Reed DD, Adams R. A Social-Ecological Perspective of Spiritual Resilience and Suicidality among African-American Men. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 35:710-721. [PMID: 33104459 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1824845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their minoritized status research has shown that suicide among African-American men has steadily increased. Research has also discussed generalized protective factors that have been found to mitigate suicide risk. What lacks is a more culturally nuanced definition of spiritual resilience which has been found to protect against suicide for African-American men. Using Socio-Ecological Resiliency Theory (S-ERT), The Theory of Intersectionality (TOI), and Critical Race Theory (CRT) as our theoretical lens, this article draws on the lived experiences of social workers working with suicidal African-American men. It examines the social ecologies of African-American men and seeks to understand how these experiences can help to mitigate suicide risk. Implications are provided for social work research, policy and education programs to ensure that practitioners are well versed in working with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius D Reed
- Department of Social Work, Indiana Wesleyan University , Marion, Ohio, USA
- School of Social Work, Walden University , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Raymond Adams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Southern Arkansas University , Magnolia, Arkansas, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of gun violence may develop significant mental health sequelae and are at higher risk for reinjury through repeat violence. Despite this, survivors of gun violence often return to the community where they were injured with suboptimal support for their mental health, emotional recovery, and well-being. The goal of this study was to characterize the posthospitalization recovery experience of survivors of gun violence. METHODS We conducted a qualitative research study with a community-based participatory research approach. In partnership with a community-based organization, we conducted in-depth one-on-one interviews and used snowball sampling to recruit survivors of gun violence. We applied the constant comparison method of qualitative analysis to catalogue interview transcript data by assigning conceptual codes and organizing them into a consensus list of themes. We presented the themes back to the participants and community members for confirmation. RESULTS We conducted 20 interviews with survivors of gun violence; all were black men, aged 20 years to 51 years. Five recurring themes emerged: (1) Isolation, physical and social restriction due to fear of surroundings; (2) Protection, feeling unsafe leading to the desire to carry a gun; (3) Aggression, willingness to use a firearm in an altercation; (4) Normalization, lack of reaction driven by the ubiquity of gun violence in the community; and (5) Distrust of health care providers, a barrier to mental health treatment. CONCLUSION Survivors of gun violence describe a disrupted sense of safety following their injury. As a result, they experience isolation, an increased need to carry a firearm, a normalization of gun violence, and barriers to mental health treatment. These maladaptive reactions suggest a mechanism for the violent recidivism seen among survivors of gun violence and offer potential targets to help this undertreated, high-risk population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Care management/Therapeutic V.
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Jacoby SF, Rich JA, Webster JL, Richmond TS. 'Sharing things with people that I don't even know': help-seeking for psychological symptoms in injured Black men in Philadelphia. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:777-795. [PMID: 29607675 PMCID: PMC6167172 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1455811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Psychological distress is common in survivors of traumatic injury, yet across United States' trauma systems, it is rare that standard injury care integrates psychological evaluation and professional mental healthcare. The purpose of this study was to explore help-seeking for psychological symptoms in injured Black men living in Philadelphia. Design: A subset of a cohort of 551 injured Black men admitted to a Trauma Center in Philadelphia participated in qualitative interviews that explored their perceptions of psychological symptoms after injury and the factors that guided their decision to seek professional mental health help. Data from 32 participants were analyzed for narrative and thematic content. Results: Three overarching themes emerged: (1) facilitators of help-seeking, (2) barriers to help-seeking, and (3) factors underlying the decision not to consider professional help. Five participants felt that their injury-related psychological distress was severe enough to merit professional help despite any perceived barriers. Seventeen participants identified systemic and interpersonal obstacles to professional help that prevented them from seeking this kind of care. These included: financial constraints, limited access to mental healthcare services, and fear of the judgments of mental healthcare professionals. Ten participants would not consider professional help; these men perceived a lack of need and sufficiency in their existing social support networks. Conclusions: Research is needed to inform or identify interventions that diminish the impact of barriers to care, and identify from whom, where, and how professional mental health help might be more effectively offered to injured Black men in recovery environments like Philadelphia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F. Jacoby
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Claire M. Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A. Rich
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica L. Webster
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Claire M. Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Therese S. Richmond
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Claire M. Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Injury Science Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Cobb S, Bazargan M, Sandoval JC, Wisseh C, Evans MC, Assari S. Depression Treatment Status of Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030154. [PMID: 32156089 PMCID: PMC7139636 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is known that depression remains largely untreated in underserved communities. Hence, it is desirable to gain more knowledge on the prevalence and correlates of untreated depression among African-American (AA) older adults in economically disadvantaged areas. This knowledge may have the public health benefit of improving detection of AA older adults with depression who are at high risk of not receiving treatment, thereby reducing this health disparity. Objective: To study health and social correlates of untreated depression among AA older adults in economically disadvantaged areas. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, this cross-sectional survey was conducted in South Los Angeles. Overall, 740 AA older adults who were 55+ years old entered this study. Independent variables were age, gender, living arrangement, insurance type, educational attainment, financial strain, chronic medical conditions, and pain intensity. Untreated depression was the dependent variable. Logistic and polynomial regression models were used to analyze these data. Results: According to the polynomial regression model, factors such as number of chronic medical conditions and pain intensity were higher in individuals with depression, regardless of treatment status. As our binary logistic regression showed, age, education, and number of providers were predictive of receiving treatment for depression. Conclusion: Age, educational attainment, number of providers (as a proxy of access to and use of care) may be useful to detect AA older adults with depression who are at high risk of not receiving treatment. Future research may focus on decomposition of the role of individual-level characteristics and health system-level characteristics that operate as barriers and facilitators to AA older adults receiving treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (M.B.); (C.W.)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jessica Castro Sandoval
- School of Public Health, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA;
| | - Cheryl Wisseh
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (M.B.); (C.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, West Coast University School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 91606, USA
| | - Meghan C. Evans
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (M.B.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-363-2678
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Bauer AG, Christensen K, Bowe-Thompson C, Lister S, Aduloju-Ajijola N, Berkley-Patton J. "We Are Our Own Counselor": Resilience, Risk Behaviors, and Mental Health Service Utilization among Young African American Men. Behav Med 2020; 46:278-289. [PMID: 32787722 PMCID: PMC7430196 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1729087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite risk for trauma, subsequent mental health concerns, and poor health outcomes, young Black/African American men (YBM) are less likely to receive mental health services than other racial/ethnic groups. Despite the growing literature on resilience, there is less information on relationships between resilience, risk behaviors, and use of mental health services. This study sought to examine resilience, trauma-related risk behaviors, and receipt of mental health services among a sample of YBM who experienced trauma. Focus groups and a brief survey were conducted with YBM (N = 55) who had been exposed to at least one traumatic event (e.g., witnessing violence, experienced serious injury or illness) and were recruited from urban community settings (e.g., colleges/universities, barbershops, churches). Participants were an average age of 23 years (SD = 3.9; range 18-30) and experienced an average of 2 to 3 traumatic events (SD = 2.2). Trauma exposure was a significant predictor of risk factors (β = .513, p < .01). However, resilience did not significantly moderate this relationship. Resilience also did not predict receipt of mental health services. Culturally relevant qualitative themes found to be related to resilience included maintaining resilience autonomously, preferred coping methods (e.g., friends, music), and habituating to adversity. This study has potential to inform the development of culturally tailored, relevant interventions to promote engagement in mental health services among YBM who've experienced trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria G. Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Kelsey Christensen
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Carole Bowe-Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Sheila Lister
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Natasha Aduloju-Ajijola
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Jannette Berkley-Patton
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
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48
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Hawkins JM, Schwenzer C, Hecht HK, Jones L, Velez-Ortiz D, Lee J, Ahmedani B, Piatt G. Mental health care use in men with comorbid diabetes and depression: The role of age and race. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4. [PMID: 33869794 PMCID: PMC8049769 DOI: 10.15761/hec.1000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Older adults with diabetes have double the normal average risk for depression. While women also report higher rates of depression, men are less likely than women to recognize symptoms and seek assistance for mental health treatment. Racial disparities in mental health care use among men have also been identified. While age and gender differences in mental health care use have been accounted for in adults with comorbid diabetes and depression little is known about within group differences among men. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age and race on mental health service use in a sample of men with comorbid diabetes and depression. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from a large health care delivery system serving in a Midwestern urban city and included 335 Black, and non-Latino White men with comorbid type 2 diabetes and depression. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that men under the age of 55 were less likely to experience a 6-month or more delay in receiving a psychiatric medication prescription after their initial depression diagnosis. Black men over 55 years of age were significantly more likely to experience a delay of over six months to receiving psychiatric medication. More research is needed to explore preferred depression treatment methods for older Black men with type 2 diabetes, in addition to any issues with access to pharmacological medications to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaewon Lee
- School of Social Work Michigan State University, USA
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Yang TC, Park K. Racial/ethnic disparities in depression: Investigating how sources of support and types of integration matter. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 82:59-71. [PMID: 31300084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although social support and social integration are key predictors of depression and exhibit racial/ethnic patterns in the US, previous research has not examined how they shape racial/ethnic disparities in depression. Applying hybrid models to data from the Americans' Changing Lives study from 1986 to 2002, this study analyzes how sources of social support (spouse and friend/relative) and types of social integration (informal/formal) explain black-white and Hispanic-white disparities in depression. We find that strong social support and high social integration are negatively associated with depression and that the patterns of social support and integration vary by race/ethnicity. The results of hybrid models show that social support from one's spouse and friend/relative account for over 25 percent of the black-white disparity, whereas formal social integration including religious groups widens the black-white differential by roughly 10 percent. However, Hispanic-white disparities in depression are mostly a result of the difference in socioeconomic status. The change in spousal support is the most powerful predictor for the change in depression across race/ethnicity groups. Our findings suggest that the racial/ethnic differences in sources of social support and types of social integration play important roles in shaping racial/ethnic disparities in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chuan Yang
- Department of Sociology, Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, State University of New York, 315 AS, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| | - Kiwoong Park
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, 211 Old Main, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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50
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Hankerson SH, Wells K, Sullivan MA, Johnson J, Smith L, Crayton L, Miller-Sethi F, Brooks C, Rule A, Ahmad-Llewellyn J, Rhem D, Porter X, Croskey R, Simpson E, Butler C, Roberts S, James A, Jones L. Partnering with African American Churches to Create a Community Coalition for Mental Health. Ethn Dis 2018; 28:467-474. [PMID: 30202200 DOI: 10.18865/ed.28.s2.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Community partnered participatory research (CPPR) emphasizes community engagement, respect, and empowerment as guiding principles to promote mental health equity. This article describes the "Vision" stage of a CPPR-informed model to implement evidence-based practices for depression in two African American churches in Harlem, New York. Essential parts of the Vision include engagement of stakeholders and collaborative planning. The engagement process increased awareness about the project via a community-focused mental health symposium. The collaborative planning stage resulted in creating a multi-disciplinary Community Coalition for Mental Health, establishing the Coalition's values, agreeing to change the initial chosen study intervention from Interpersonal Counseling to Mental Health First Aid, and developing a website to disseminate the group's work. Key lessons learned from our partnered process are: 1) support from the lead pastor is crucial; 2) balancing community and academic interests can be challenging; 3) icebreaker activities foster relationships and reinforce CPPR principles; 4) multiple communication channels can enhance community participation; and, 5) should organize data in ways that make them easier to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Wells
- University of California at Los Angeles, Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Martha Adams Sullivan
- The Parish of St. Charles Borromeo, Resurrection and All Saints; Citywide Behavioral Health Coalition for Black Elders, Inc, New York, NY
| | - Joyce Johnson
- HOPE Center, First Corinthian Baptist Church, Monroe College; New York, NY
| | - Laura Smith
- Teacher's College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Faith Miller-Sethi
- Department of Psychiatry-Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Clarencetine Brooks
- New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, Office of Consumer Affairs, New York, NY
| | - Alana Rule
- Teacher's College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Raymond Croskey
- Medgar Evers College; Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Charles Butler
- Harlem Congregations for Community Improvement, New York, NY
| | - Samuel Roberts
- College of Arts & Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Alicia James
- The PAM Project: Maternal Mental Heath for Mothers of Color, New York, NY
| | - Loretta Jones
- Healthy African American Families II, Los Angeles, CA
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