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Iftekharul Ferdous AHM, Islam MS, Noor KS, Bani MM, Badhon NU, Enzamam-Ul-Haque M. Harnessing THz Technology: Biosensor for Highly Accurate Cervical Cancer Cell Detection via Refractive Index. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01318-5. [PMID: 38789661 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In order to rapidly identify various species of cancer cells in the tissues of person, a unique diamond shaped hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-formed by optical waveform is developed and computationally studied. In this investigation, we found the most prevalent cancers, such as HeLa-derived cervical carcinoma. Since normal and cancer cells differ in their refractive indices (RIs), other significant optical properties can be assessed using this information. With the use of the finite element method, a computational tool for solving simultaneous equations, the defining characteristics the suggested cancer cell sensor are examined using COMSOL-Multiphysics software. Additionally, strict mesh parts are used to preserve the utmost level of modeling realism. At 2.4 THz, the PCF detector attains a Relative Sensitivity of around 97.51% and 96.29%, Confinement Loss of 6.1 × 10 -09db/m and 4.39 × 10-07db/m with respect to cervical carcinoma cell and cervical normal cell. The straightforward PCF structure provides a wide chance of application using the continuing fabrication technique, based on these conventional values of performance indices. This biosensor utilizes the distinctive refractive characteristics of cancer cells, providing a highly accurate and dependable approach for the early identification of cervical cancer. This has the potential to significantly transform the process of cervical cancer screening. The novel method boosts the ability to detect and identify certain conditions, leading to increased diagnostic capabilities for early treatment and better results for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Iftekharul Ferdous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Safiul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid Sifulla Noor
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Most Momtahina Bani
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Nasir Uddin Badhon
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Enzamam-Ul-Haque
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Pabna, Bangladesh
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Characteristics of Ultrasensitive Hexagonal-Cored Photonic Crystal Fiber for Hazardous Chemical Sensing. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive non-complex cored photonic crystal fiber sensor for hazardous chemical sensing with water, ethanol, and benzene analytes has been proposed and is numerically analyzed using a full-vector finite element method. The proposed fiber consists of a hexagonal core hole and two cladding air hole rings, operating in the lower operating wavelength of 0.8 to 2.6 µm. It has been shown that the structure has high relative sensitivity of 94.47% for water, 96.32% for ethanol and 99.63% for benzene, and low confinement losses of 7.31 × 10−9 dB/m for water, 3.70 × 10−10 dB/m ethanol and 1.76 × 10−13 dB/m benzene. It also displays a high power fraction and almost flattened chromatic dispersion. The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed fiber design for chemical sensing applications.
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Khan MRH, Ali FAM, Islam MR. THz sensing of CoViD-19 disinfecting products using photonic crystal fiber. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hossain MS, Kamruzzaman M, Sen S, Azad MM, Hossain Mollah MS. Hexahedron core with sensor based photonic crystal fiber: An approach of design and performance analysis. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Sen S, Abdullah-Al-Shafi M, Sikder AS, Hossain MS, Azad MM. Zeonex based decagonal photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) in the terahertz (THz) band for chemical sensing applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sardar MR, Faisal M, Ahmed K. Simple hollow core photonic crystal fiber for monitoring carbon dioxide gas with very high accuracy. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W−1 km−1 for water, 73.8 W−1 km−1 for ethanol and 95.4 W−1 km−1 for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection.
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Bin Murshed Leon MJ, Disha AS. A simple structure of PCF based sensor for sensing sulfur dioxide gas with high sensitivity and better birefringence. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sardar MR, Faisal M, Ahmed K. Design and characterization of rectangular slotted porous core photonic crystal fiber for sensing CO2 gas. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sardar MR, Faisal M, Ahmed K. Hybrid porous core photonic crystal fiber sensor for monitoring nitrous oxide gas. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sen S, Abdullah-Al-Shafi M, Kabir MA. Hexagonal photonic crystal Fiber (H-PCF) based optical sensor with high relative sensitivity and low confinement loss for terahertz (THz) regime. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Design and analysis of a chemical sensing octagonal photonic crystal fiber (O-PCF) based optical sensor with high relative sensitivity for terahertz (THz) regime. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Islam MR, Kabir MF, Talha KMA, Islam MS. A novel hollow core terahertz refractometric sensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Algorri JF, Zografopoulos DC, Tapetado A, Poudereux D, Sánchez-Pena JM. Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4263. [PMID: 30518084 PMCID: PMC6308598 DOI: 10.3390/s18124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a special class of optical fibers with a periodic arrangement of microstructured holes located in the fiber's cladding. Light confinement is achieved by means of either index-guiding, or the photonic bandgap effect in a low-index core. Ever since PCFs were first demonstrated in 1995, their special characteristics, such as potentially high birefringence, very small or high nonlinearity, low propagation losses, and controllable dispersion parameters, have rendered them unique for many applications, such as sensors, high-power pulse transmission, and biomedical studies. When the holes of PCFs are filled with solids, liquids or gases, unprecedented opportunities for applications emerge. These include, but are not limited in, supercontinuum generation, propulsion of atoms through a hollow fiber core, fiber-loaded Bose⁻Einstein condensates, as well as enhanced sensing and measurement devices. For this reason, infiltrated PCF have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. In this review, the fundamentals and fabrication of PCF infiltrated with different materials are discussed. In addition, potential applications of infiltrated PCF sensors are reviewed, identifying the challenges and limitations to scale up and commercialize this novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- GDAF-UC3M, Displays and Photonics Applications Group, Electronic Technology Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dimitrios C Zografopoulos
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Tapetado
- GDAF-UC3M, Displays and Photonics Applications Group, Electronic Technology Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Poudereux
- Alter Technoology TÜV Nord S.A.U. C/La Majada 3, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Pena
- GDAF-UC3M, Displays and Photonics Applications Group, Electronic Technology Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain.
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Ding Z, Wang C, Liu K, Jiang J, Yang D, Pan G, Pu Z, Liu T. Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry: A review. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041072. [PMID: 29614024 PMCID: PMC5948615 DOI: 10.3390/s18041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) offer unprecedented features, the most unique one of which is the ability of monitoring variations of the physical and chemical parameters with spatial continuity along the fiber. Among all these distributed sensing techniques, optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) has been given tremendous attention because of its high spatial resolution and large dynamic range. In addition, DOFS based on OFDR have been used to sense many parameters. In this review, we will survey the key technologies for improving sensing range, spatial resolution and sensing performance in DOFS based on OFDR. We also introduce the sensing mechanisms and the applications of DOFS based on OFDR including strain, stress, vibration, temperature, 3D shape, flow, refractive index, magnetic field, radiation, gas and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Ding
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chenhuan Wang
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Di Yang
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guanyi Pan
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zelin Pu
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Tiegen Liu
- School of Precision Instrument & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Bala A, Chowdhury KR, Mia MB, Faisal M. Highly birefringent, highly negative dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:7256-7261. [PMID: 29047988 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.007256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A triangular lattice dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber is presented in this paper. The fiber produces high birefringence and operates at fundamental mode only. The full vector finite element method with a perfectly matched absorbing layer boundary condition is applied to investigate the guiding properties of the proposed fiber. The designed fiber demonstrates that it is possible to obtain a very large negative dispersion of -9486.1 ps/(nm·km) at 1550 nm wavelength with a negative dispersion more than -7000 ps/(nm·km) over the entire C-band (1530-1565 nm), which is suitable for broadband dispersion compensation. The birefringence is about 4.13×10-2 at 1550 nm wavelength, which is also very high. All these properties make this fiber very suitable in the area of broadband dispersion compensation and polarization-maintaining applications.
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Highly birefringent single mode spiral shape photonic crystal fiber based sensor for gas sensing applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ibadul Islam M, Ahmed K, Asaduzzaman S, Paul BK, Bhuiyan T, Sen S, Shadidul Islam M, Chowdhury S. Design of single mode spiral photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Arif MFH, Biddut MJH. A new structure of photonic crystal fiber with high sensitivity, high nonlinearity, high birefringence and low confinement loss for liquid analyte sensing applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Folded cladding porous shaped photonic crystal fiber with high sensitivity in optical sensing applications: Design and analysis. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Asaduzzaman S, Ahmed K. Proposal of a gas sensor with high sensitivity, birefringence and nonlinearity for air pollution monitoring. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Asaduzzaman S, Ahmed K, Bhuiyan T, Farah T. Hybrid photonic crystal fiber in chemical sensing. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:748. [PMID: 27386231 PMCID: PMC4910933 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background In this article, a hybrid photonic crystal fiber has been proposed for chemical sensing. A FEM has been applied for numerical investigation of some propagation characteristics of the PCF at a wider wavelength from 0.7 to 1.7 µm. The geometrical parameters altered to determine the optimized values. The proposed PCF contains three rings of circular holes in the cladding where the core is formulated with microstructure elliptical holes. Results The simulation result reveals that our proposed PCF exhibits high sensitivity and low confinement loss for benzene, ethanol and water than the prior PCFs. We have also shown that our proposed PCF shows high birefringence for benzene 1.544 × 10−3, for ethanol 1.513 × 10−3 and for water 1.474 × 10−3 at λ = 1.33 µm. Conclusion The proposed PCF is simple with three rings which can be used for the sensing applications of industrially valuable lower indexed chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Asaduzzaman
- Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Santosh, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Touhid Bhuiyan
- Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjila Farah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Design and numerical analysis of microstructured-core octagonal photonic crystal fiber for sensing applications. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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